Article

The history of Odo Bujwid’s research concerning hygienic assessment of water

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Abstract

The present paper is dedicated to the work of Polish hygienist and bacteriologist Odo Bujwid (1857-1942), which referred to the problem of water quality assessment from the perspective of medicine, with particular emphasis given on the bacteriological, chemical and physical analysis of its quality, as well on the system and construct designs concerned with water supply and filtering adjustments, with particular emphasis on the experience coming from practical observations gained from cities of Krakow and Warsaw. The work focuses on the postulates formulated by Bujwid over several decades, from the 1880s onwards and in the interwar period ending, which were rooted in his own field research and laboratory observations combined with results of other researchers and constructs in that field.

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... The beginning of the research effort focused on surface and groundwater quality in Poland is related to the dynamic development of hygiene and modern water intakes and waterworks in the 1880s. Those investigations were focused mostly on bacteriological, chemical and physical analysis of water quality with the aim of epidemics prevention and safe drinking water provision, and were performed initially in big municipalities (Warsaw, Cracow), then gradually introduced into areas with smaller drinking water facilities (Wasiewicz and Gryglewski 2016). Regular assessments of river water quality had been performed since 1967 and published in the form of so called "atlases of river water pollution". ...
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Poland is one of the countries distinguished by a long and colorful past. Undergoing numerous turbulent socio-economic changes forced by the course of history, Poland is now one of the member states of the European Union. Experiencing low water quantity and high contamination levels in surface waters, Poland is following other EU countries in the effort to reach a “good” water status. Herein are presented impacts of changes in Polish history on water legislation, management, and research, as well as explanations for the perceptible split between engineering and scientific approaches to the aquatic issues. Drawbacks caused by unsatisfactory state research funding for the sciences and division of the water related contemporary scientific interests are also discussed.
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