The present paper is dedicated to the work of Polish hygienist and bacteriologist Odo Bujwid (1857-1942), which referred to the problem of water quality assessment from the perspective of medicine, with particular emphasis given on the bacteriological, chemical and physical analysis of its quality, as well on the system and construct designs concerned with water supply and filtering adjustments, with particular emphasis on the experience coming from practical observations gained from cities of Krakow and Warsaw. The work focuses on the postulates formulated by Bujwid over several decades, from the 1880s onwards and in the interwar period ending, which were rooted in his own field research and laboratory observations combined with results of other researchers and constructs in that field.