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Public awareness about the use of automatic external defibrillator (AED) in giving first aid
Abstract and Figures
Introduction. Chances for survival of a patient who has suffered from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) depend on a number of factors. One of the most important however, is the time within which the patient is provided with actions to restore normal heart function. In the Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 , The European Resuscitation Council states that defibrillation done within 3-5 minutes since a patient with SCA lost his/her consciousness can increase the survival rate up to 50-70%. However, such a short time of providing help is only achievable through the implementation of universal defibrillation programs and the automatic external defibrillator (AED) devices densely distributed in public places. By contrast, every minute of delay in defibrillation reduces the probability of survival by approximately 10-12% until the hospital discharge.
Aim. The purpose of the research was to elicit the opinions of adult respondents on first aid and the use of automatic external defibrillator (AED).
Material and methods. The research method used in this paper was a diagnostic survey, the technique was a web-based questionnaire, and a research tool was the authors’ own questionnaire survey. The survey was active between April 8, 2016 and May 20, 2016. During this time, 116 opinions were collected.
Results. As many as 77% of respondents declared that they had attended a first aid course, but 21% of them stated that they no longer remembered the knowledge acquired. The number of 63% of respondents did not know what an automatic external defibrillator is. Only 27% of respondents knew that AEDs are public devices, and only 47% believed that using an AED would not worsen the health of the victim.
Conclusions. The availability of AEDs and knowledge of their use are insufficient. Low social awareness and irrational fear of using an AED (fear of deterioration of the victim’s health) support the need for continuing education in this area.
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... Automated external defibrillators (AED) were selected for this purpose as minimal training is required, and these devices can be found in many public areas, such as airports and hotels. AEDs are medical devices that attempt to restore normal heart rhythm in people who have suffered from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) [68]. Due to the increase in people suffering from SCA outside of hospitals, semi-to completely automatic AEDs have been created for public use [68,69]. ...
... AEDs are medical devices that attempt to restore normal heart rhythm in people who have suffered from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) [68]. Due to the increase in people suffering from SCA outside of hospitals, semi-to completely automatic AEDs have been created for public use [68,69]. These devices are designed to be used by individuals without formal medical training, typically requiring a short certification course (e.g., half day course) to operate the device. ...
Designers perform early-stage formative usability tests with low-fidelity prototypes to improve the design of new products. This low-tech prototype style reduces the manufacturing resources but limits the functions that can be assessed. Recent advances in technology enable designers to create low-fidelity 3D models for users to engage in a virtual environment. Three-dimensional models communicate design concepts and are not often used in formative usability testing. The proposed method discusses how to create a virtual replica of a product by assessing key human interaction steps and addresses the limitations of translating those steps into a virtual environment. In addition, the paper will provide a framework to evaluate the usability of a product in a virtual setting, with a specific emphasis on low-resource online testing in the user population. A study was performed to pilot the subject’s experience with the proposed approach and determine how the virtual online simulation impacted the performance. The study outcomes demonstrated that subjects were able to successfully interact with the virtual replica and found the simulation realistic. This method can be followed to perform formative usability tests earlier and incorporate subject feedback into future iterations of their design, which can improve safety and product efficacy.
Objectives
Early defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is of importance to improve survival. In many countries the number of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) is increasing, but the use is low. Guidelines suggest that AEDs should be installed in densely populated areas and in locations with many visitors. Attempts have been made to identify optimal AED locations based on the incidence of OHCA using geographical information systems (GIS), but often on small datasets and the studies are seldom reproduced. The aim of this paper is to investigate if the distribution of public AEDs follows the incident locations of public OHCAs in urban areas of Stockholm County, Sweden.
Method
OHCA data were obtained from the Swedish Register for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and AED data were obtained from the Swedish AED Register. Urban areas in Stockholm County were objectively classified according to the pan-European digital mapping tool, Urban Atlas (UA). Furthermore, we reclassified and divided the UA land cover data into three classes (residential, non-residential and other areas). GIS software was used to spatially join and relate public AED and OHCA data and perform computations on relations and distance.
Results
Between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 a total of 804 OHCAs occurred in public locations in Stockholm County and by December 2013 there were 1828 AEDs available. The incidence of public OHCAs was similar in residential (47.3%) and non-residential areas (43.4%). Fewer AEDs were present in residential areas than in non-residential areas (29.4% vs 68.8%). In residential areas the median distance between OHCAs and AEDs was significantly greater than in non-residential areas (288 m vs 188 m, p<0.001).
Conclusion
The majority of public OHCAs occurred in areas classified in UA as ‘residential areas‘ with limited AED accessibility. These areas need to be targeted for AED installation and international guidelines need to take geographical location into account when suggesting locations for AED installation.
Objectives
Basic life support (BLS) training in schools is associated with improved outcomes from cardiac arrest. International consensus statements have recommended universal BLS training for school-aged children. The current practice of BLS training in London schools is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess current practices of BLS training in London secondary schools.
Setting, population and outcomes
A prospective audit of BLS training in London secondary schools was conducted. Schools were contacted by email, and a subsequent telephone interview was conducted with staff familiar with local training practices. Response data were anonymised and captured electronically. Universal training was defined as any programme which delivers BLS training to all students in the school. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results.
Results
A total of 65 schools completed the survey covering an estimated student population of 65 396 across 19 of 32 London boroughs. There were 5 (8%) schools that provide universal training programmes for students and an additional 31 (48%) offering training as part of an extracurricular programme or chosen module. An automated external defibrillator (AED) was available in 18 (28%) schools, unavailable in 40 (61%) and 7 (11%) reported their AED provision as unknown. The most common reasons for not having a universal BLS training programme are the requirement for additional class time (28%) and that funding is unavailable for such a programme (28%). There were 5 students who died from sudden cardiac arrest over the period of the past 10 years.
Conclusions
BLS training rates in London secondary schools are low, and the majority of schools do not have an AED available in case of emergency. These data highlight an opportunity to improve BLS training and AEDs provision. Future studies should assess programmes which are cost-effective and do not require significant amounts of additional class time.
Staniszewska Anna, Korczak Anna, Juszczyk Grzegorz, Duda-Zalewska Aneta, Olejniczak Dominik, Dąbrowska-Bender Marta, Bujalska-Zadrożny Magdalena. Wiedza kursantów ośrodków szkolenia kierowców odnośnie użycia automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego (AED) w trakcie akcji ratunkowej = Students knowledge of driver training center on the use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) during rescue. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(5):67-75. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17443
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A67-75
https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/559145
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17443
Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive
Deklaracja.
Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.
Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.
The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).
© The Author (s) 2015;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.04.2015. Accepted: 08.05.2015.
Wiedza kursantów ośrodków szkolenia kierowców odnośnie użycia automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego (AED) w trakcie akcji ratunkowej
Students knowledge of driver training center on the use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) during rescue
Anna Staniszewska1*, Anna Korczak2, Grzegorz Juszczyk3, Aneta Duda-Zalewska3, Dominik Olejniczak3, Marta Dąbrowska-Bender3, Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny4
1 Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej WUM
2 SPZOZ Warszawa Wawer
3 Zakład Zdrowia Publicznego WUM
4 Zakład Farmakodynamiki WUM
*autor do korespondencji: dr n. med. Anna Staniszewska
Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej WUM
Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warszawa, tel: (22) 116-61-60, e-mail: anna.staniszewska@wum.edu.pl
Streszczenie
Wstęp: Resuscytacja krążeniowo-oddechowa połączona z wczesną defibrylacją w ciągu 3-5 minut od utraty przytomności może dać efektywną reanimację w 49-75% przypadków, zaś każda minuta opóźnienia defibrylacji zmniejsza prawdopodobieństwo przeżycia poszkodowanego o 10-12%.
Cel pracy: Praca miała na celu określenie stanu wiedzy przyszłych kierowców, jaką posiadają na temat automatycznych defibrylatorów zewnętrznych oraz ich użycia w trakcie akcji ratunkowej.
Materiał i metoda: Badaniem objęto 200 osób, które wypełniły autorską ankietę na temat automatycznych defibrylatorów zewnętrznych. Badanie przeprowadzono na przełomie 2013 i 2014 roku. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, opartą na technice ankietowej z użyciem kwestionariusza ankiety stworzonej na potrzeby pracy. Do analizy j wyników posłużono się metodą statystyki opisowej.
Wyniki i Wnioski: Na podstawie analizy odpowiedzi badanych na pytania ankiety stwierdzono, że wiedza kursantów na temat automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego jest niedostateczna, zarówno pod względem znajomości działania AED, jak i jego lokalizacji. Wyniki przeprowadzonego badania wskazują na konieczność przygotowania i wdrożenia programu edukacyjnego na temat automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego.
Abstract
Introduction: Resuscitation cardiopulmonary combined with early defibrillation within 3-5 minutes of unconsciousness can give effective resuscitation cardio-respiratory in 49-75% of cases and each minute of delay defibrillation reduces the probability of survival of the victim by 10-12%.
Aim of the study. Evaluation of knowledge about Automated External Defibrillator among the driver training centers students.
Material and methods. A group of 200 person was enrolled in order to evaluate the knowledge about Automated External Defibrillator by the special designed questionnaire.
in late 2013 and 2014.
The study used the method of diagnostic survey, questionnaire based on the technique of using a questionnaire survey of his own design. For the comparative analysis results are used by descriptive statistics.
Results and conclusions. Results and conclusions. The knowledge about AED, among driver training centers students is inadequate. The results pointed at necessity of preparation and putting AED education program.
Słowa kluczowe: wiedza, kursanci ośrodków szkolenia kierowców, automatyczny defibrylator zewnętrzny.
Key words: knowledge, driver training centers students, Automated External Defibrillator.
Public access defibrillation (PAD) prior to ambulance arrival is a key determinant of survival from out-of-hospital (OOH) cardiac arrest. Implementation of PAD has been underway in the UK for the past 12 years, and its importance in strengthening the chain of survival has been recognised in the government's recent 'Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Strategy'. The extent of use of PAD in OOH cardiac arrests in the UK is unknown. We surveyed all OOH cardiac arrests in Hampshire over a 12-month period to ascertain the availability and effective use of PAD.
A retrospective review of all patients with OOH cardiac arrest attended by South Central Ambulance Service (SCAS) in Hampshire during a 1-year period (1 September 2011 to 31 August 2012) was undertaken. Emergency calls were reviewed to establish the known presence of a PAD. Additionally, a review of all known PAD locations in Hampshire was undertaken, together with a survey of public areas where a PAD may be expected to be located.
The current population of Hampshire is estimated to be 1.76 million. During the study period, 673 known PADs were located in 278 Hampshire locations. Of all calls confirmed as cardiac arrest (n=1035), the caller reported access to an automated external defibrillator (AED) on 44 occasions (4.25%), successfully retrieving and using the AED before arrival of the ambulance on only 18 occasions (1.74%).
Despite several campaigns to raise public awareness and make PADs more available, many public areas have no recorded AED available, and in those where an AED was available it was only used in a minority of cases by members of the public before arrival of the ambulance. Overall, a PAD was only deployed successfully in 1.74% OOH cardiac arrests. This weak link in the chain of survival contributes to the poor survival rate from OOH cardiac arrest and needs strengthening.
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