Non-conventional Fishery By-products of Fish Markets in Dhaka Metropolis, Bangladesh

Abstract

The non‐conventional fishery by‐products in the fish markets of Dhaka metropolis were identified and quantified by structured survey while the marketing channels were examined through observation. Nearly 22,049 mt byproducts were estimated in these markets in which only 15 per cent was found to be used commercially. While cutters were found to collect most dry scales, maws were drawn by the cutter‐cum‐sellers. Estimated total yield of dry scales found was 390 mt which could be increased by 9‐folds. The expected potential harvest of maws could be increased by 2‐folds while PG by 28‐folds of the present. Total value of the current harvest of dry scales, maws and PG found was US$604,615 which would be increased by 3.5‐folds if the entire yield can be harvested. This study has clearly shown the potential economic importance of the nonconventional fishery by‐products of Dhaka City that may improve the livelihoods of the poor cutters and cutter‐sellers.

Full text


Non‐conventionalFisheryBy‐productsofFish
MarketsinDhakaMetropolis,Bangladesh
BhaktaSupratimSarker*,MahmudHasan**,Mohammad
ShamsurRahman**andA.F.M.ArifurRahman***
marketsofDhaka
esemarketsinwhichonly15percentwasfoundto
tter‐cum‐sellers.Estimatedtotalyieldofdryscalesfound
was390mtwhichcouldbeincreasedby9‐folds.Theexpectedpotentialharvest
ofmawscouldbeincreasedby2‐foldswhilePGby28‐foldsofthepresent.Total
valueofthecurrentharvestofdryscales,mawsandPGfoundwasUS$604,615
whichwouldbeincreasedby3.5‐foldsiftheentireyieldcanbeharvested.This
studyhasclearlyshownthepotentialeconomicimportanceofthenon‐
conventionalfisheryby‐productsofDhakaCitythatmayimprovethe
livelihoodsofthepoorcuttersandcutter‐sellers.
1.0Introduction
1.1Background
BangladeshhasearnedtheeverhighestforeigncurrencyUS$410millionin
2004‐2005fromfisherysub‐sectorinwhichthecontributionoffisheryby‐
productswas0.02percent.However,theearningsfromsharkfinsandfish
maws1(majorpartsofnon‐conventionalby‐products)havebeensurprisingly
decreasing.Theexportofsharkfinsandfishmawsdroppedfrom172.48mt
(2002‐2003)and37.82mt(2003‐2004)to0.48mt(2004‐2005)overlastthree
yearsperiod(EPB2005).Thisstrongdeclinemayshiftopportunitiesor
reduceincomeandincreasevulnerabilitiesofthepoorcollectors.
Abstract
Thenon‐conventionalfisheryby‐productsinthefish
metropoliswereidentifiedandquantifiedbystructuredsurveywhilethe
marketingchannelswereexaminedthroughobservation.Nearly22,049mtby‐
productswereestimatedinth
beusedcommercially.Whilecutterswerefoundtocollectmostdryscales,maws
weredrawnbythecu
* DepartmentofFisheries,GovernmentofBangladesh,MatshyaBhaban,Ramna,
Dhaka,Bangladesh.
** DepartmentofFisheries,UniversityofDhaka,Dhaka‐1000,Bangladesh.
Correspondinge‐mail:mhasan@univdhaka.edu
*** DepartmentofFisheriesandMarineScience,NoakhaliScienceandTechnology
University,Noakhali‐3802,Bangladesh.
Asia‐PacificJournalofRuralDevelopment
Vol.XIX,No.2,December2009
57

1.2Rational
Thecol )and
viscerafrom meal,
fishoilan andPG
hasbeenexpo e(EPB2005;
personalcommunicationwithAnil Rajbangshi,DariaLalTraders,
50/1/ASouthSayedabadDhaka ).Therefore,identificationand
qua de
theeir
eco
1.3
Alt m
Ban ‐
pro est
ofnd
pot or
peo
1.4
productionofsharkliveroil,fishmealandmanure,
apinthelaboratoryhavebeenreported(Ahmad1965).
toidentify
andquantifythenon‐conventionalfisheryby‐productsoffishmarketsin
Dhakametropolisandrediscovertheeconomicimportance.
1.5Objectives
Thepurposesofthisstudyaretoidentifyandquantifythetotalyieldand
harvestofnon‐conventionalfisheryby‐products;todeterminetheirpotential
e
le G3
ctorscollectscales2,swimbladder(SB),pituitarygland(P
fishmarketswhichareusedtoproducefishmanure,fish
dfishglueetc(Ahmad1955).Thescales,maws(driedSB)
rtedtoThailand,China(HongKong),Singapor
Chandra
‐1204,2006
ntificationofthesefisheryby‐productsinthefishmarketswouldprovi
baselineinformationforfurtherdevelopmentinitiativesandth
nomicpotentials.
Problem
houghscales,mawsandPGarebeingusedinandexportedfro
gladesh,informationisnotavailableontheyieldandharvestoftheseby
ducts.Asaresult,thereisaneedtodeterminethetotalyieldandharv
thesefisheryby‐productsandidentifytheirmarketingchannelsa
entialsforfurtherdevelopmenttoimprovethelivelihoodsofthepo
pleengagedintradingtheseby‐products.
ResearchNeed
Thepotentialsforthe
fishglueandso
However,inIndiainstead,thetraditionalfisheryby‐productsare:fish
proteinconcentrate,fishalbumin,gelatine,pearlessence,peptones,amino
acids,andprotaminesthatarebeingisolatedfromfishwastes.Thechitinand
chitosanhavebeenextractedfromshrimpandcrabs.Thebiochemical
derivativesofnon‐conventionalfisheryby‐productsarebecomingpopularin
thepharmaceuticalindustries(Balachandran2001).However,quantification
ofscales,maws,PGsandtheirpotentialeconomicimportancehavenever
beenreportedinBangladesh.Thisstudy,therefore,wouldfocus
58

economicimportance;andtoidentifythemarketingchannelsinDhaka
asconductedinthefishmarkets,traders’housesandinthe
feedmanufacturingfactoriesofDhakametropolis.Purposiverandom
ndVegetableMarketSmall
).OfthetotalmarketswherefisharecutinDhaka
metropolis,10percentwerecoveredinthissurvey(Table1).Thusthe
metropolis.
2.0MaterialsandMethods
2.1ResearchApproachandTechnique
Thequantitativedatawerecollectedbystructuredsurveywhilequalitative
informationwasexploredbycasestudiesandobservationsastheprimary
toolsfollowingBlaxteretal.(1996).
2.2Sampling
Thesurveyw
samplingtechniquewasappliedincollectingthedata.
2.3CriteriaforMarketSelection
ThetotalnumberoffishmarketsinDhakametropolisis395whichhavebeen
classifiedaccordingtotheDhakaMahanagarMachhOKanchaBazarKshudra
BaybasayiSamiti(DhakaMetropolitanFisha
TradersAssociation
samplesizewas40.
Table1:NumberofMarketsunderDifferentAuthority
OwnershipNumber
DCC(DhakaCityCorporation)138
PWD(PublicWorksDepartment)16
BangladeshRailway 9
MasjidandMadrasaCommittee32
Private200
Total395

2.4MarketCategorisation
Sampled40fishmarketswereclassifiedintothreecategoriesbasedonthe
numberoffishretailers(Table2).Themarketsizeclassifieddepending
onthenumberofthefishretailersindicatestheyieldofby‐productsand
theirtypes.
59

2.4.1Basisofmarketcategorisation
Numberoffishretailer=Seller4+Cutter‐cum‐seller5
ers

ofthemarketPercentageofthetotal
Marketcategory1=1‐30fishretail
Marketcategory2=31‐60fishretailers
Marketcategory3=above60fishretailers
Table2:DistributionoftheFishMarkets,AccordingtotheCategories
Category Number
Marketcategory11947.5
Marketcategory21537.5
Marketcategory3615.0
Total 40100.0

2.5SelectionofSampleSizeoftheCutters6
Nearlyone‐fifth(19%)ofthetotalcuttersfoundinthemarketswere
2.6.1Basisofclassifyingthecutters
C=Cutter(peoplewhocutfishessoldbytheseller)
Cwhosellandcutfishes)
Tllersweredifferentinecon icstatusand
tl.
TDistributionoftheCuttersandCutter‐cum‐Selle the40Fish
MarketsofDhakaMetropolis
 PercentageofTotal
individualin
Percentageof
total
surveyedinthisstudy.
2.6Cutters’Classification
Surveyed86individualswereclassifiedintotwogroupsascutterandseller
dependinguponwhethertheycutand/orsellfish(Table3andTable4).
CS=Cutter‐cum‐seller(people
hecuttersandthecutter‐cum‐se om
hecollectingpotentia
able3: rsin
GroupIndividual
surveyedsurveyedtotalthemarketindividual
Cutter2023.38117.9
Cutter‐cum‐seller6676.737182.1
Total86100.0452100.0
60

2.7QuantificationandValueEstimation
oneyear.Valuesofthe
currencyBangladeshitaka(BDT)and
CuttersandCutter‐cum‐Sellers
Individ Total t
Thefishby‐productswereassessedforaperiodof
by‐productswereestimatedinlocal
wasconvertedintoUSdollar(US$).
Table4: Distribution(Frequency)ofthe
inthe40FishMarkets,AccordingtoCategorisation
ualsurveyed individualinthemarke
CCutterCCS  CutterCTotal
ategory Total CS
M52934171 144arketcategory127
M72633141 173
M38111950135
81371452
arketcategory259
arketcategory 85
Total 206686

2.8DataEntry,EditingandAnalysis
Thequestionswerepost‐codedwhenneeded,enteredonthecomputerusing
erentryandanalysedusingstatisticalsoftware
SPSSversion10.0.Descriptivestatisticswasusedinanalysingand
3.0FindingsofSurvey
3.1QuantificationofFisheryBy‐products

totalyieldofby‐productsby452cuttersand
cutterswashigherthanthatofthecutter‐cum‐sellers.Surprisinglyinthe
marketofcategory1ge roduc high
category2an yie by themof
category1expectedtobelowerthaninthecatego low f
uctsinthemar ofcategor erhapsbeca ofhighers
ducednea reefoldshigherby‐produ an
esamequantityof shwaterf5).
MicrosoftExcel,checkedaft
presentingthedata.
3.1.1Averageandestimatedtotalyieldoffisheryby‐products
Ofthecutters(C)andcutter‐cum‐sellers(CCS),86weresurveyedin40
marketsinwhicheachindividualyieldednearly4878kgby‐productseach
year(Table5).Theestimated
cutter‐cum‐sellerswerenearly2204.9mtand22049mtinall395marketsin
Dhakametropolis.However,thequantityofby‐productsyieldedbythe
,theavera
d3.The
yieldofby‐p
ldoffishery
tswas
‐productsin
ry2.This
ercompared
arket
eryieldo
tothe
by‐prod kety1puselanding
ofmarinefishes;whichpro rlyth ctsth
didth fre ishes(Table
61

Table5: QuantityofBy‐productsProduction(kg/C‐CCS/y)in
40FishMarkets
Categoryofthemarkets
Group 1Total
23
Cutter7236414665535881
Cutter‐cu 4574
Total 3511
m‐seller605633403583
623048334878

3.1.2Useoftherawpro ces
(85%) erefo tobedinngla hile r
beus inpoultry/fish indu and ercen y
maw,PGandoparts sfoundtobe porte tobe d
sixpercentwasharvestedbythe
collectors.
Modeofcollection
du
Mostby‐products wund eus filli ndw9pe
centwasfoundto ed feed stries 6pt(dr
scale7,ther 8)wa ex dor  use
domestically(Table6;Figure1‐3).This
cuttersandcutter‐cum‐sellersorprimary
Table6:DestinationoftheCollectedBy‐productsand
theModeofCollection
Destination 12345Total
Commercialuse0.00.09.30.05.514.8
Useaslandfill 61.120.40.03.70.085.2
Total 61.120.49.33.75.5100.0
Note:Legend:1=Dailylabourofthemarketcommittee;2=DCC;3=Poultry/fishfeed
manufacturer;4=RemovalbytheC/CCS;5=CollectionbytheC/CCS.

Amongfisheswhicharecutinthemarkets,scalyfisheswerefound
predominant(61.3%)comparedtonon‐scalyones.Thisindicatesthattrading
offishscaleswouldbeincreasedbytakingproperinitiatives(Table7).On
theotherhand,amongthenon‐scalyfishes,thecontributionofmarine
catfishesandfreshwatershark(boalinBengali)Wallagoattuwas(5.2+2.6=
7.8%)8percentthathasbeenusedinproducingmawswhichisahighvalue
fisheryby‐product(Table7).


62

Table7:Distribution(%)ofCutFishamong86FishCuttersandCutte
cum‐SellersinSu
r‐
rveyedFishMarkets
Typeoffish
Group/
speciesScalyNon‐scaly OtherT
otal
124.1 0.00.024.1
214.0 0.00.01
19.2 0.00.019
0.0 0.05.55
50.014.00.014.0
0.01.51.5
5.20.05.2
.00.9
130.02.00.02.0
Total24.714.0100.0
4.0
3
4


.2
.5
60.0
70.0
82.30.00.02.3
91.70.00.01.7
100.02.60.02.6
110.00.01.51.5
120.00.90
140.00.05.55.5
61.3
Note:Legend:1=Majorcarp(Labeosp.);2=Catlacatla;3=I
sp;6= pophthal
ndianshad(Tenualosailisha;
missp Pangasi m hthysm;7=Marine
8= inasp; tenopha odonidellus/Cyprin rpio/H is;
=Sna ad;12 ;13=Fr c h(Mys );14er
catfish/minorcar wn/Je es/sea hes/flat d.
3.2.1markets
umberofcollectorsPercentageofcollectors
4=Oreochro ;5= usHy ic olitrix
catfish/Ritasp;
10=Boal;11
Cirrh
kehe
9=C
=Eels
ryng
eshwater
usca
tussp
.nobil
=Othatfis
freshwater ps/pra wfish perc hea
3.2DryScale
Distributionofthedry‐scalecollectorssurveyedin40fish
Ofthesamplesurveyed,12percentofthecollectorswerefoundtocollect
dryscalewhileinexcessof88percentdidnot(Table8).Bytakingproper
initiatives,thenon‐collectorsmaybeencouragedtocollectthescalesthat
couldincreasetheirincome(Figure1).
Table8:Distribution(%)oftheDryScaleCollectors
CategoryoftheC/CCS N
Collect1011.6
Donotcollect7688.4
Total86100.0
63

3.2.2Averagecollectionofdryscaleandestimatedtotalyield(kg)
ewhohavebeencollectingdryscaleAmongthos inthesurveyedmarkets,in
tketofcategory3,theefoundcollectingthe 
quantitywhilethec‐sel t(Tabl eunwillingnessof
tcutter‐cum‐seller ollectingdr alescoulduetotheperception
oinreducingth cialstatusparedtothe ters.Anoth ason
fnotcollectingth scalesbycutter‐cum erscouldbour
intensiveness.Theyi dryscale rcollectorannumwa 0kg.
However,52(12%)co (C/CC refoundcollectingdrysc 
ttotalyieldinthes led40mark wouldbe3/y.
Table9:QuantityofScaleProduction(kg/C‐CCS/y)in40Fish rkets
Catego themarkets
hemar cutterswer highest
utter‐cum lersdidno e9).Th
hesincysc bed
frisk eirso com cut erre
oredry the ‐sell bela
eldof spe pers75
llectors S)we ales.Thus
heamp ets9mt
Dry Ma
ryof
Group 123lTota
Cutter0060  3 3 1380 744
Cutter‐cum‐seller30  0 
al 1570  
31040 756
Tot 3 8 1380 750

3w
Ofth
found
labourintensivetocollect.Thusthiscouldeasilyincreasetheearningofthe
eyareencouragedtocollectthisvaluableitem(Figure2).
.3Ma
3.3.1Distributionofthemawcollectorsurveyedin40fishmarkets
esamplesurveyed,nearlyhalfthecuttersandcutter‐cum‐sellerswere
tocollectmaw(Table10).Mawisahighvalueexportitemandless
CandCCSifth
Table10:Distribution(%)oftheMawCollectors
CategoryoftheC/CCSNumberofcollectorsPercentageofcollectors
Collect4147.7
Donotcollect4552.3
Total86100.0

ld(kg)
edthe refo 
mawthandidthecutters(Table11).Whileinth rketsof
d2,onlythecuttersrefoundcuttingfi yielding
elysmallerquantityofmaw,in emarketofthirdcategory,both
3.3.2Averagecollectionofdrymawandestimatedyie
Inallmarketssurvey cutter‐cum‐sellerswe undcollectinghigher
quantity ema
category1an we shes
relativ th
64

cutter‐cum‐sellersandcutterscutmarinecatfishes,yieldedhigherquantity
ofmaw.Theoverallaverageyieldofmawperindividualwas17kgper
annum.However,total216(48%)collectors(C/CCS)werefoundtoharvest
maw.Thusthetotalyieldinthesurveyed40marketswouldbe3.67mt/y.
Table11:QuantityofDryMawYield(kg/C‐CCS/y)in40FishMarkets
Categoryofthemarkets
Group 123Total
Cutter6.966.0024.0010.52
Cutter‐cum‐seller11.9622.4826.7020.00
Total 10.1717.9125.8017.00

3.3.3Seasonalabundanceofm
Season changesinthe llectionofmawswereobserved.During ‐
Otomid‐Februar equantityawscolle undwa her
thsof (Table t,insome sesbetwe ese
pbecauseofincle weather,tpplyofmcatfishdropped,
evenitbecomenilinthecity,resultinginasignificantfallinmaw
aw
al co mid
ctobery,th ofmctedfo shig
haninothermont theyear 12).Bu ca enth
eriods ment hesu arine
sometimes
yield.
Table12:SeasonalAvailabilityofMaw
Months
Availabilit
y Se
p
Oc
t
No
v
De
c
Ja
n
Fe
b
Ma
r
Ap
r
Ma
y
Ju
n
Ju
l
Au
g
Peak            
    
O 

3land(PG)
3stribution(%)ofthePGcollector veyedin40fishmarkets
tPGwhilein
Moderate       
ff     
.4PituitaryG
.4.1Di sur
Ofthesamplesurveyed,veryfewpeoplewerefoundtoharves
excessof96percentdidnot(Table13).ThecollectorsofPGwereveryfew
whichmaybeduetothedeclinedpricesanddifficultiesinharvest(required
alcohol/acetoneetc)(Figure3).

65

Table13:Distribution(%)ofPGCollectors
CategoryofC/CCSNumberofcollectorsPercentageofcollectors
Collect33.5
Donotcollect8396.5
Total86100.0

3.4.2Averagecollectionof andestimatedtotal
Fmarke tegory dcutter‐clersinc2
westPG erema notbofdrop ice
( 46/piece)andina skill ovingPG fishbra ble
wasfound360pcs/collector/yinwhich16
harvestingPG.Thusthetotalharvestof
PG
ewcuttersinthe
erefoundtoharv
tsofca 3an um‐sel ategory
whil iningdid ecause pedpr
US$0.0 dequate inrem from in(Ta
14).EstimatedoverallyieldofPG
(4%)collectors(C/CCS)werefound
PGinall40marketssurveyedwouldbe5760pcs/y(Table17)
Table14:QuantityofPG(pcs/C‐CCS/y)Yieldedin40FishMarkets
Categoryofthemarkets
Group 123Total
Cutter00300300
Cutter‐cum‐seller 048
Total 048
00480
0300360

Parts(head, skin,gill,rtin
.1Distribution co cto and ell co ctin oth pa in 0fish
sur eye
psurveyed,whileonlyone‐quarterwasfoundthar estnd
othe partsofhbo y,iexc ssof 74pe cen didnot(Table ).
otherpartsoffishbodybymostcouldbe
gthoseawaybythecustomersofthefishcut.

3.5Other
3.5
jaw,
lle
o
ers
e,intes eetc.)
g

erof rs slle rts 4
markets v d
Ofthesam le ova
sellthe rfis dnert 15
Thereasonfornotharvesting
themselvesbecauseoftakin
Table15:Distribution(%)ofOtherNon‐conventionalPartsCollectors
CategoryofC/CCSNumberofcollectorsPercentageofcollectors
Collect2225.6
Donotcollect6474.4
Total86100

66

3.5.2Pricesofdifferenttypesofby‐products
observed eflu 
items(head,jaw,gill,skin,roe, ,intestine,clippedfin )andthe
percutterandcutter‐cum ller.Infewmarkets 1)it
atasfewas250gwassold byacutterandcutter ‐sellera
hileinothers(category2and3) quantitywas8‐10owever,
refoundUS$0.31/kgand
tPGinthe
evenly
3they
thatcouldbedmawsbythe y
asobserved(Figure1and2).
(%) Individua ferentFis By‐
(amon 6C/CCS)iof hMarkets
Asrespondeditwas thatthepriceswer ctuatingsignificantly
among oil etc
quantitysold
wasfoundth
‐se

(category
‐cum
daywthe kg.H
thepricesofgut,gill,jaw,clippedfinetcandroewe
US$3.1/kgrespectively.
3.6DistributionofCollectorsamongDifferentMarketCategories
Marketsofcategory3havehigherpotentialinyieldingPGandotherparts
comparedtoothercategories(Table16).Inthemarketsofcategory3,
traditionallylarge‐sizedfishesarecutwhicharesuitabletoharvestPGand
otherparts.Nocutter/cutter‐cum‐sellerwasfoundtoharves
marketsofcategory1.Peoplecollectdryscalesandmawswerefound
distributedinthemarketsofcategory1and2,whileinthecategory
werefewer
collectors
uetotheharvestof primar
Table16:Distribution
products
of l
nDifferent
sCollectingDif hery
g8Fis 
Categoriesofmarkets
Item123Total
Dryscale404020100
Maw 44422100
100
(dry)3
PG03367
Otherparts233245100

3.7ExpectedPotentialTotalYield(kg)andRevenue(tk)
Thecurrentestimatedyieldofdryscaleswasnearly39mtfoundin40fish
dry
wouldbe metropolis all
‐cum‐selle etot 90
his869percentand9‐foldshigherthanthecurrently,
ndCCSswouldharvest ,thetotalyieldcou 2825per
nd28‐timeshigherthanthepresent’s.
markets.However,totalmarketsfoundwere395.Thusthetotalyieldof
scalesestimated
cuttersandcutter
390mtinDhaka
rswouldharvest,th
(Table17).If
alharvestcouldbe33
mtwhic evel.Similarl
ifallcuttersaPG ldbe
centa
67

Table17:CurrentandExpectedPotentialYieldofDifferentFisheryBy‐
shproductsofSurveyedFi Markets
CurrentyieldExpectedpotentialyield
Item CollectorQuantityCollectorQuantity
Incrementof
thecurrent
yield(%)
Dryscale5239mt452339mt869
Maw(dry)2163.67mt4527.68mt209
PG165760pcs452162720pcs2825


Itisimportanttonotethatin2006,theaveragemarketpriceofdryscaleswas
of
ofcurrenttrading(US$0.6million)

usedinp
T18:CurrentandExpec ofDifferentFi By‐
productsof Fish arkets
ICurrentvalu S$)Expectedpotentialv
(US$)
Incr of
curren e(%)
US$0.29/kg,mawUS$13.3/kgandPG(storedinalcohol)US$0.05/pc.The
valueoftheestimatedpotentialyieldofdryscaleinDhakametropolisthus
wouldbeUS$1millionwhichis869percentincrementofthecurrent
US$0.11millionperannum(Table18).Similarly,thevalueofthepotential
yieldofmawwouldbeUS$1.02millionthatis209percenthigherthanthe
currentvalueandPGUS$0.08millionthatis2825percentincrementofthe
presentvalue(onlyUS$0.003million).Thusthegrandtotalvaluewouldbe
US$2.09millionatthepresentmarketpriceatprimarylevels  marketing
channelswhichis346percentincrease
excludingthecontributionfromotherparts,andquantitywasfoundtobe
oultryandfishfeed.
abletedPotentialValue shery
Surveyed M
tem e(U alue ement
tvalu
D1134 98571ryscale0869
Maw(dry)48818102159209
2825
Total 60453209066346
PG2958336

3.8Marketingchannels
Marketingchannelsoffisheryby‐productsaregiveninFigures1‐3:
68

Figure1:MarketingChannelsofScale(withfishoffal)inandOutsideof
hakaMetropolitanCityD















PRIMARY
COLLECTOR
FISHOFFALCOLLECTOR
(fromdifferentmarkets)
FISHOFFALGATHERER
(fromindividualmarket)
FISHMARKET
CandCCS
SUPPLIER
CCS CUTTER
SECONDARY
COLLECTOR
TERTIARY
ECTOR/
TRADER
COLL
SCALE
EXPORTER
INTERNATIONAL
MARKET
Inferior scale with fin, slime,
blood, gut, jaw, gill, trash fish etc
Removingscaleandsorting
Inferiorscalewithfin,slime,
blood,gut,jaw,gill,trashfishetc
Quality scales
wash and dry
Dry scale
Grading dried scale
Packaging graded scale
Graded and packaged scale
Branded scale
Fish/po ,protein
concen meal
ultryfeed 
trate,fish
Fish/poultry feed
FARM
(Fishorpoultry)
FACT
(Fishltryfee turing)
Increasin
g

p
rofitmar
g
in
Increasing profit margi
ORY
dmanufacorpou 
n
Note:Dashedlineindicatessecondarytradingchannel.
69

Figure2:LinksbetweenChannelsofMarketingforMawinand
OutsideofDhakaMetropolis


































LOCAL
CUSTOMER
CANDCCS
FISHMARKET
CANDCCS
SUPPLIER
CCS
CUTTER
SECONDARY
COLLECTOR
TERTIARY
COLLECTOR/
MAWTRADER
EXPORTER
INTERNATIONAL
MARKET
PRIMARY
COLLECTOR
Bhagamaw(mixed
withotherb
y
‐
p
roducts)
Removing themaw
Wetorrawmaw(mixedwith
jaw,gill,head,gut,roeetc)
Splitting,
washing
anddrying
maw
Driedmaw
Grading maw
Packaging gradedmaw
Gradedandpackagedmaw
Brandedmaw
Increasing profit margin Increasing profit margin
Note:Dashedlineindicatessecondarytradingchannel.
70

Figure3: MarketingChannelsforTradingPGinandoutside
.0
.1Conclusion
urrentyieldofdryscalesis390mt,maw(dry)36.7mtandPG57600pcsas
bservedinthisstudyinthefishmarketsoftheDhakametropolitan.
owever,thepotentialyieldwouldbe3390mtofdryscales,76.8mtofmaw
ry)and1627200pcsofPGwhichis869,209andnearly3000percent
creaseofthepresentifallpeopleinvolvedinthissectorharvestthesenon‐
onventionalfisheryby‐products.Thusthetotalyieldwouldbemanyfolds
anthepresent’sinallmarketsacrossthecountry.
DhakaMetropolitanCity























FISHMARK
CAND
ET
CCS
PGTRADER
/
SUPPLIER
EXPORTER
INTERN
MARKET
ATIONAL
Drycondition
(ampoule)
Acetonepreserved
ordried
Alcoholwashes,stored
inacetoneand/ordry
Removing PG(brain)and
preservinginalcohol
Alcoholwashes,stored
inacetoneand/ordry
LOCALHATCHERIES
COLLECTOR
Acetonepreserved
ordried
IncreasingprofitmarginIncreasingprofitmargin
PG
4ConclusionandRecommendations
4
C
o
H
(d
in
c
th
71

Basedont ecurrentmarketpricesofthoseproducts,theestimatedvalu
lionthatcouldberosetoU
heis
US$0.6mil S$2.09millionayearwhichis346per
centincreaseofthepresentvalueonlyfromDhakametropolitancity.
owever,theexportershavebeenpurchasingthoseitemsacrossthecountry.
herefore,theprospectofimprovingthelivelihoodsthroughincreased
arvestandincomebylingthefisheryby‐productsisvivid.
.2Recommendations
1. Detailedstudyisnecessarytoidentifyandquantify totalyield
andharvestofnon‐conventionalfisheryby‐  andtheir
potentialtrading;
2. EPBcanidentifythecausesresponsiblefordeclininginexportof
fisheryby‐productsduringlastfewyearsfromBangladesh;
3. PWD,MasjidandMadrasa mitteesandtheprivateowners
ofthefishmarketscanalsoativesinthemarketsownedby
themtoimprove thecurrentharvestingsystemoffishoffalandthus
canincreasesupplyforcommercialusages;and
4. needto change ofbuyingwholefishfromthe
insteaddressedfishleavingtheunwantedparts(scales,
PG,fins,gills,gutetc.).
ndnotes
Driedswimbladder(airbla deract offish
Anyofthethinplatesorhardmaterialthatcovertheskinofmanyfish
Pituitarygland(masterglandofhormonalsecretion)
Sellfishesinthefishmarketsbutnevercutthose,generallyknownfish‐retailer
Cutfisheswhicharesoldbythemselvesaspromotionalandincomegeneratingactivity
Cutfisheswhicharesoldthesellersasanincomegeneratingactivity
Fishscaleswhicharedriedundersun/sundriedfishscale
areproducedwhilechopping
largefishes
EPB(ExportPromotionBureau).2005.Monthlyexportstatistics.
H
T
hsel
4
the
products

com
takeiniti
DCC,

Thereisa  ourtradition
markets
maws,
E
1dashydrostaticorgan)
2
3
4
5
6by
7
8Head,jaw,skin,gill,fishroe,intestine,oiletc.which

References
Ahmad,N.1955.FishwealthofEastPakistan(thethen).GovernmentPrinting,EastBengal,
GovernmentPress,Dacca(thethen).P.25.
Ahmad,N.1965.EastPakistan(thethen)Information.P1‐2.
Balachandran,K.K.2001.Post‐harvestTechnologyofFishandFishProducts.Delhi:Daya
PublishingHouse.P.440.
Blaxter,L.,C.Hughes,andM.Tight.1996.Howtoresearch.Buckingham:OpenUniversity
Press.P.263
72