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Liraglutida 3,0 mg en prediabetes mejora frente a placebo la puntuación del índice de utilidad para la salud derivado del cuestionario SF-36 durante 3 años.

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Liraglutida 3,0 mg es un análogo de GLP-1 aprobado para control de peso en individuos obesos, o con sobrepeso y una comorbilidad relacionada. En este análisis se investigaron los efectos, junto con dieta y aumento de actividad física, de liraglutida 3,0 mg frente a placebo sobre el índice de utilidad para la salud en individuos obesos o con sobrepeso y una comorbilidad durante 3 años. Se evaluó la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mediante el cuestionario 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), en la visita basal y a los 3 años. La utilidad para la salud (Short-Form 6D; SF-6D) se puntuó directamente utilizando el SF-36 con un algoritmo validado. Para el análisis de sensibilidad, las puntuaciones SF-36 se asignaron al índice EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), y se analizaron las puntuaciones física (PCS) y mental (MCS) del SF-36. En la semana 160, el cambio en puntuación en el SF-6D respecto al valor basal fue de 0,02 y 0,01 para liraglutida 3,0 mg y placebo, respectivamente. La puntuación EQ-5D apoyó estos hallazgos. Liraglutida 3,0 mg se asocia a una mejora respecto a placebo en el índice de utilidad para la salud en el control de peso de individuos con prediabetes durante 3 años. Liraglutide 3.0 mg is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog currently licensed for weight management in people with obesity (PWO), or overweight with a weight-related comorbidity. This analysis aimed to investigate the effects of liraglutide 3.0 mg versus placebo, added to a diet and increased physical activity, on health utility in PWO or overweight with comorbidity,over 3 years. Health-related quality of life was assessed via the SF-36 health survey, completed at baseline and 3 years. Health utility (Short-Form 6D; SF-6D) was scored directly from the SF-36 using a validated algorithm. As sensitivity analyses, SF-36 scores were mapped to the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) index and the SF-36 Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary scores were analyzed. At week 160, change from baseline was 0.02 and 0.01 for liraglutide 3.0 mg and placebo, respectively. The EQ-5D score supported these findings. Liraglutide 3.0 mg is associated with improved health utility compared with placebo for weight management in people with prediabetes over 3 years.
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Artículo Original Breve
Liraglutida 3,0 mg en prediabetes mejora frente a placebo la puntuación
del índice de utilidad para la salud derivado del cuestionario SF-36
durante 3 años
Liraglutide 3.0 mg in prediabetes improves the health utility index score derived
from the SF-36 questionnaire over 3 years compared to placebo
Fernando Goñi (1) , Francisco Poyato (2)
(1) Endocrinología y Nutrición. H. Universitario Basurto - Osakidetza, Bilbao, (2) Novo Nordisk Madrid, España
mlpv@novonordisk.com
Resumen: Liraglutida 3,0 mg es un análogo de GLP-1 aprobado para control de peso en individuos obesos, o con sobrepeso y una
comorbilidad relacionada. En este análisis se investigaron los efectos, junto con dieta y aumento de actividad física, de liraglutida
3,0 mg frente a placebo sobre el índice de utilidad para la salud en individuos obesos o con sobrepeso y una comorbilidad durante 3
años.Se evaluó la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mediante el cuestionario 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), en
la visita basal y a los 3 años. La utilidad para la salud (Short-Form 6D; SF-6D) se puntuó directamente utilizando el SF-36 con un
algoritmo validado. Para el análisis de sensibilidad, las puntuaciones SF-36 se asignaron al índice EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), y se
analizaron las puntuaciones física (PCS) y mental (MCS) del SF-36. En la semana 160, el cambio en puntuación en el SF-6D
respecto al valor basal fue de 0,02 y 0,01 para liraglutida 3,0 mg y placebo, respectivamente. La puntuación EQ-5D apoyó estos
hallazgos. Liraglutida 3,0 mg se asocia a una mejora respecto a placebo en el índice de utilidad para la salud en el control de peso
de individuos con prediabetes durante 3 años.
Abstract: Liraglutide 3.0 mg is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog currently licensed for weight management in people with
obesity (PWO), or overweight with a weight-related comorbidity. This analysis aimed to investigate the effects of liraglutide 3.0 mg
versus placebo, added to a diet and increased physical activity, on health utility in PWO or overweight with comorbidity,over 3
years. Health-related quality of life was assessed via the SF-36 health survey, completed at baseline and 3 years. Health utility
(Short-Form 6D; SF-6D) was scored directly from the SF-36 using a validated algorithm. As sensitivity analyses, SF-36 scores were
mapped to the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) index and the SF-36 Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary scores were
analyzed. At week 160, change from baseline was 0.02 and 0.01 for liraglutide 3.0 mg and placebo, respectively. The EQ-5D score
supported these findings. Liraglutide 3.0 mg is associated with improved health utility compared with placebo for weight
management in people with prediabetes over 3 years
Keywords: Liraglutide 3.0 mg (liraglutida 3.0 mg)4, Quality of life (calidad de vida), SF-36, HRQoL, Obesity (obesidad),
Prediabetes (prediabetes)
Introducción
La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica con graves
consecuencias para la salud, que genera, además, un
efecto perjudicial sobre la calidad de vida (HRQoL).
(1,2).
Los resultados de HRQoL, que suelen resumirse en un
único valor (utilidad para la salud) el cual varía entre 0
(equivalente a muerte) y 1 (salud perfecta), están
cobrando cada vez más importancia en la
determinación de los beneficios clínicos de los nuevos
tratamientos.
Los índices de utilidad para la salud sirven también de
base para estimar años de vida ajustados por calidad
de vida (QALYs) cuando se combinan con un horizonte
temporal, siendo utilizados, a menudo, para
determinar el coste-beneficio de un tratamiento.
Liraglutida es un análogo del péptido 1 similiar al
glucagón (GLP-1) con un 97% de analogía con el GLP-1
humano. La pérdida de peso con liraglutida depende
de la dosis (3,4) y está causada por la disminución del
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apetito y del aporte de energía y no por un mayor gasto
de energía (5).
El estudio SCALE fue un estudio aleatorizado, doble
ciego, controlado con placebo, con grupos paralelos,
multicéntrico y multinacional, de 3 años de duración
(NCT01272219).
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si el tratamiento con
liraglutida 3,0 mg se asoció a una mejora en el índice
de utilidad para la salud derivado del cuestionario 36-
Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) respecto a
placebo, durante 3 años, en sujetos con prediabetes y
un IMC≥30 kg/m2 ó ≥27 kg/m2 con comorbilidades.
Los resultados de dicho estudio (6) fueron presentados
durante el 13 Congreso de la Sociedad Española para el
Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO).
Material y método:
En el estudio participaron sujetos ≥18 años con
prediabetes (sin diabetes tipo 2) y obesidad (IMC ≥30
kg/m2), o sobrepeso (IMC ≥27 kg/m2) acompañado de
hipertensión o dislipemia.
La aleatorización se realizó en una proporción 2:1, para
recibir inyecciones subcutáneas de liraglutida una vez
al día, empezando por una dosis de 0,6 mg hasta llegar
a 3,0 mg, o placebo; ambos grupos recibieron
asesoramiento sobre la modificación del estilo de vida.
Se estratificó a los pacientes según su estado con
respecto a la prediabetes en el momento de la selección
(7) y según su índice de masa corporal (IMC).
Procedimientos de estudio y criterios de valoración:
La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se evaluó
en la visita basal y a los 3 años utilizando el
cuestionario SF-36. (8)
Las puntuaciones SF-36 se asignaron, tal y como se
muestra a continuación (Figura 1), a los índices de
utilidad para la salud de los cuestionarios SF-6D y EQ-
5D mediante métodos validados (9)
Figura 1. Evaluación y asignación de la HRQoL. Adaptado de Kolotkin et al. Value in Health.
2016;19(3):A251 (Abstract PSY56). (6)
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Análisis estadístico
Los índices de utilidad se analizaron mediante un
modelo lineal, con el tratamiento, el sexo, el país, el
estado de prediabetes en el momento de la
aleatorización, la categoría de IMC y la interacción
entre el estado de prediabetes en la aleatorización y la
categoría de IMC como factores fijos, y el valor basal
como covariable
Pacientes: Características basales
En total, 1.505 y 749 pacientes recibieron liraglutida
3,0 mg y placebo, respectivamente (Tabla 1). El análisis
SF-6D incluyó a 1.104 pacientes en el grupo tratado
con liraglutida 3,0 y a 514 pacientes en el que recibió
placebo.
Liraglutida 3,0 mg
(n=1505)
Placebo
(n=749)
Edad (años) 47,9
Sexo (% mujeres) 77,6
Peso corporal (Kg) 108,2
IMC (Kg/m2) 39,1
Tabla 1. Características basales. Datos expresados como medias aritméticas o porcentajes. IMC:
Indice de masa corporal. Adaptado de Kolotkin et al. Value in Health. 2016;19(3):A251 (Abstract
PSY56).
Resultados
Los pacientes tratados con liraglutida 3.0 mg tuvieron
una mayor pérdida de peso media hasta la semana 160
(6.2%) comparado con placebo (1.8%) respecto al valor
basal (Diferencia estimada al tratamiento [ETD] -4.3%
[IC 95%: –4.9; –3.7]; p<0.0001).
Las puntuaciones SF-6D y EQ-5D mostraron una
mejoría significativamente mayor en utilidad para la
salud con liraglutida 3.0 mg comparado con placebo;
las puntuaciones medias basales en el cuestionario SF-
6D de liraglutida 3.0 mg y placebo fueron,
respectivamente, [media (DE)] 0.76 (0.11) y 0.75
(0.11), y en la semana 160 los cambios desde el valor
basal fueron 0.02 (0.12) y 0.01 (0.12).
La ETD en la puntuación del SF-6D fue 0.014 [IC 95%:
0.002; 0.025], p=0.0182 a favor de liraglutida 3.0 mg.
En el cuestionario EQ-5D la puntuación también fue
mayor, siendo la ETD de 0.007 [IC 95%: 0.002;
0.013], p=0.0116 a favor de liraglutida 3.0 mg.
Discusión
En el presente estudio se han valorado los cambios en
la calidad de vida medida como utilidad para la salud,
a través de los cuestionarios SF-6D y EQ-5D,
asignando a ambos la puntuación obtenida del
cuestionario SF-36 a través de un algoritmo validado.
El cuestionario EQ-5D se compone de 5 dimensiones
(morbilidad, autocuidado, actividades frecuentes,
dolor o discomfort y ansiedad o depresión). Cada una
se puntúa en 3 niveles (sin problemas, algunos
problemas, severos/extremos problemas).
Combinando estos datos se pueden generar 243
posibles estados de salud. (10)
El cuestionario SF-6D tiene 6 dimensiones (función
física, rol, función social, dolor, salud mental y
vitalidad). Cada una de las cuales tiene ente 4 y 6
niveles (11)
Las puntuaciones obtenidas tras el tratamiento con
liraglutida 3.0 fueron significativamente más altas
tanto en el SF-6D como en el EQ-5D comparado con
placebo
En este estudio se demuestra, en línea con los
resultados obtenidos tras un año de tratamiento (12),
que liraglutida 3.0 mg junto con dieta y ejercicio, se
asocia a mejoras en la puntuación de utilidad para la
salud comparado con placebo.
Conclusiones
A los 3 años, liraglutida 3,0 mg se asoció, respecto a
placebo, a un mayor porcentaje medio de pérdida de
peso y a una mejor puntuación de utilidad para la
salud (SF-6D y EQ-5D)
Estos resultados refuerzan los hallazgos comunicados
inicialmente tras 1 año de tratamiento y sugieren que
liraglutida 3,0 mg presenta un beneficio significativo a
largo plazo sobre la HRQoL.
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En este trabajo se constata que los índices de utilidad
para la salud son un buen indicador para evaluar los
beneficios en la calidad de vida del tratamiento de la
obesidad.
Conflicto de intereses:
Fernando Goñi, ha participado como asesor científico
para Novo Nordisk, Astra Zenaca y Janssen
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Obesity has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes study investigated the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg, as adjunct to diet and exercise, on HRQoL in patients with obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m(-2) ] or overweight (BMI ≥ 27 kg m(-2) ) with comorbidity. Participants were advised on a 500 kcal d(-1) deficit diet and a 150-min week(-1) exercise programme and were randomised 2:1 to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3.0 mg or placebo. HRQoL was assessed using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) v2 health questionnaires. Individuals on liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 2046) had significantly greater improvements in IWQOL-Lite total score (10.6 ± 13.3) vs. placebo (n = 1020) (7.7 ± 12.8) and SF-36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores (PCS, 3.6 ± 6.8; MCS, 0.2 ± 8.1) vs. placebo (PCS, 2.2 ± 7.7; MCS, -0.9 ± 9.1). The estimated treatment differences were IWQOL-Lite total score 3.1 (95% CI: 2.2; 4.0), P < 0.0001; SF-36 PCS 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2; 2.2), P < 0.0001 and MCS 0.9 (95% CI: 0.3; 1.5), P = 0.003. All subscales of the IWQOL-Lite and SF-36 were significantly improved with liraglutide 3.0 mg vs. placebo. More patients on liraglutide 3.0 mg experienced meaningful improvement on the IWQOL-Lite total (P < 0.0001) and the SF-36 PCS (P < 0.0001) scores.
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