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THE INFLUENCE OF ATTITUDES ON BEHAVIOR The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior
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... Correlations. The following variables were correlated with the IORQ overall scores (based on 15 items) to examine whether there is a relationship between attitudes toward remembering and other memory/metamemory variables: (1) word recall on immediate test, (2) word recall on delayed test, (3) picture recall on immediate test, (4) picture recall on delayed test, (5) immediate JOL ratings on words, (6) delayed JOL ratings on words, (7) immediate JOL ratings on pictures, (8) delayed JOL ratings on pictures, (9) gamma scores for immediate JOL for words, (10) gamma scores for delayed JOL for words, (11) gamma scores for immediate JOL for pictures, (12) gamma scores for delayed JOL for pictures, (13) absolute accuracy for immediate JOL for words, (14) absolute accuracy for delayed JOL for words, (15) absolute accuracy for immediate JOL for pictures, (16) absolute accuracy for delayed JOL for pictures, (17) global JOL for words, (18) global JOL for pictures, (19) global JOL accuracy for words, (20) global JOL accuracy for pictures, (21) RCJ ratings for words, and (22) RCJ ratings for pictures. ...
... 75) to support the notion that there exist attitudes inside of a person that would influence behaviors in both verbal and actual actions. The debate about the attitude-behavior relation is still ongoing, and it has been shown that the relation is complex (see Ajzen et al., 2018). Accordingly, given the complexity of the relation, just because one perceives the importance of memory as low, it is not simple to show how these attitudes are actually connected to their actual behavior of remembering. ...
As modern technology enables instant access to virtually limitless information, students may perceive memorization of information as lacking in practical importance. The current study investigated the relationship between attitudes toward remembering and metamemory as well as objective memory performance. University students (N = 108, M Age = 19.39, 77% women) completed the Importance of Remembering questionnaire (IORQ) as a measure of attitudes toward remembering. Subjective components of memory were measured by immediate and delayed judgments of learning (JOLs), global judgments of learning (global JOLs), retroactive confidence judgments (RCJs), and subjective mental workload. Objective memory performance was measured using a cued recall test using word pairs and picture pairs. The IORQ was only significantly correlated with absolute accuracy of delayed judgments of learning for words and pictures such that higher IORQ ratings were associated with less accurate judgments about how well they learned the items. No other correlations were significant. This suggests that a student's lack of belief in the importance of remembering, at least as conceptualized on the IORQ, may not affect most aspects of memory performance, including those related to academic outcomes.
... In Indonesia, waqf, a traditional Islamic practice, has become integral to the Muslim community's cultural and traditional fabric. It serves as a critical funding source for various social projects, including the construction of mosques, educational institutions, health centers, and other facilities (Ajzen et al. 2018). However, its potential to contribute to sustainable development still needs to be explored. ...
This research delves into the effect of collective beliefs and anticipations regarding investment cooperation, technological progression, and administrative governance on fostering sustainable income through the Waqf Integrated Income Generating Model (WIIGM). The study, grounded in the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), empirically assesses public perceptions of the WIIGM. A survey conducted among 100 participants through convenience sampling and online questionnaires provides the data, which is analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling to test hypotheses. Prior ethical approval was secured for data collection. Findings from this study highlight that sustainable income is positively influenced by investment collaboration and governance, but not by technological advancements. In terms of building trust (behavioral intention) in the WIIGM model, technological advancement does not show a significant effect. This novel investigation offers insights into how a newly proposed integrated income model for waqf institutions could enhance community trust. The study holds substantial implications. It is intended for professionals and government officials to understand waqf's functions, positions, and potential applications, considering community trust and beliefs.
... Academic research has demonstrated that social influence, namely through peer pressure and recommendations, has a substantial impact on purchasing choices. According to the theory of reasoned action (TRA), individuals frequently make decisions influenced by the subjective norms and expectations of others (Ajzen & Fishbein, 2005). This is especially pertinent in the digital realm, where consumers are subjected to user-generated material, such as evaluations and ratings, which can significantly influence their intentions to purchase. ...
Purpose – The rapid growth of e-commerce and the increasing digitalization of consumer markets have heightened the importance of understanding personal and social factors influencing online purchase intention. However, there remains a gap in comprehensively reviewing the factors that impact this domain. This study aims to address this gap by systematically examining the key determinants of consumer behaviour in online shopping environments. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses bibliometric and systematic literature review techniques, analyzing a dataset of 304 articles from the Scopus database published between 1990 and 2024. The analysis sheds light on the most influential factors, contributors, and future research trends in consumer online purchase intention. Findings – The findings reveal a significant growth in the number of publications on consumer online purchase intention, especially after 2010. The personal factors influencing online purchases include perceived risk, trust, and demographic factors such as age and income. Social factors like peer recommendations, online reviews, and social proof have also been highlighted as critical drivers. Emerging areas such as social commerce and mobile technology are gaining traction. Future research should focus on the role of AI, cross-cultural comparisons, and the impact of sustainability on consumer behaviour. Originality/value – This paper comprehensively reviews personal and social factors shaping online purchase behaviour, emphasizing emerging trends like social commerce and mobile technology. It fills a crucial gap by identifying key influencers and offering directions for future research to enhance e-commerce strategies.
... Overview of theories used to target concepts highlighted by the focus groups: These theories, including Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action [11], Ajzen et al.'s theory of planned behavior [12], and Bandura's social cognitive theory [13], illuminate the determinants highlighted within the focus groups. These theories are geared towards predicting individual behaviors by considering their pre-existing attitudes, behavioral intentions, and the surrounding context [29]. ...
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are substances that interfere with the endocrine system, posing risks to health across various life stages, particularly during adolescence when hormonal changes are pronounced. Despite the recognition of adolescents as vulnerable, there have been few interventions targeting their exposure to EDs. This study developed the COPE ADOS program using the intervention mapping (IM) framework to enhance adolescents’ knowledge and skills in identifying and mitigating exposure to EDs. The IM framework guided the creation of the program through four steps: conducting a needs assessment, formulating program objectives, selecting relevant behavioral theories, and developing a logical model. The need assessment conducted through focus groups revealed significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions about EDs among adolescents, leading to the establishment of six performance objectives aimed at addressing attitude, knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and skills. As a result, 15 educational tools were created. The COPE ADOS program represents a novel, collaborative effort tailored to the needs of students and demonstrates the potential of the IM framework in developing effective health interventions for adolescents. Future research should evaluate the impact of this program on reducing ED exposure among high school students.
... Additionally, all participants were from HCI research, and many also specialized in security and privacy, potentially skewing our findings toward those more familiar with (emerging) technologies and computing. We similarly recognize that participants' related motivational factors [4], their differential attitudes [1], even their pre-or misconceptions [25,30], and incidental knowledge [20] concerning AI tools, can influence their responses. Nonetheless, our sample provided detailed insights into the potential for adaptive AI tools that can cater to both novice guidance and expert customization. ...
The advent of AI tools, such as Large Language Models, has introduced new possibilities for Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA), offering both opportunities and challenges. To help navigate the responsible integration of AI into QDA, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 HCI researchers experienced in QDA. While our participants were open to AI support in their QDA workflows, they expressed concerns about data privacy, autonomy, and the quality of AI outputs. In response, we developed a framework that spans from minimal to high AI involvement, providing tangible scenarios for integrating AI into HCI researchers' QDA practices while addressing their needs and concerns. Aligned with real-life QDA workflows, we identify potentials for AI tools in areas such as data pre-processing, researcher onboarding, or mediation. Our framework aims to provoke further discussion on the development of AI-supported QDA and to help establish community standards for their responsible use.
... 'Quiet quitting' positively balances work and personal life by avoiding unnecessary effort. This study combines the new term of quiet quitting with the theoretical model of sequence theory (Ajzen and Fishbein, 2005). The sequence theory claims that it is possible to predict individuals' behaviours by exploring their attitudes, as they derive from their perceptions. ...
Teachers’ attitudes and behaviours have been studied for the past few decades, but recently, especially due to changes following covid-19, a new concept named ‘quiet quitting’ has emerged. This term refers to the widespread phenomenon of employees setting limits to their employers and insisting on their unwillingness to go beyond job requirements. This study explored the relationships between principals’ authentic leadership (AL) and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and burnout, mediated by teachers’ organizational commitment, while distinguishing between the teachers’ level and the school level. One Thousand one hundred and seventy-nine Israeli teachers from 69 schools participated in this study. Results indicate that organizational commitment mediated the relationship between AL and burnout on both the teachers’ and the school level. Organizational commitment mediation regarding the relationship between AL and OCB was confirmed for the teachers’ level only. OCB positively correlated to burnout on the school level only. These findings clarify the concept of ‘quiet quitting’ among teachers. Actually, it seems to be a positive trend serving to reduce burnout among teachers who overwork themselves. These findings can help enlighten school leaders regarding their staff's behaviour as well as the school climate they wish to cultivate.
This dissertation aims to strengthen socioscientific issues (SSI) education by focusing on the resources available to students. SSI education is a type of science and citizenship education that supports students’ informed and critical engagement with social issues that have scientific or technological dimensions. This dissertation explores students’ SSI-related resources relevant to their engagement with SSI, such as their attitudes and social resources.
SSI education and students’ resources are two separate fields of research that are rarely bridged. In addition, a comprehensive overview of the resources that students bring to learning and decision-making about SSI has not been previously provided. Lida Klaver combines literature on SSI education with studies on students’ resources to introduce the concept of socioscientific capital, emphasizing the importance of considering students’ resources in SSI-based teaching.
To enable researchers to study and account for students’ SSI-related resources, and to help teachers to get to know their students’ resources, this dissertation includes the development and validation of two questionnaires: the Pupils’ Attitudes towards Socioscientific Issues (PASSI) questionnaire and the Use of Sources of Knowledge (USK) questionnaire. These questionnaires were used to get insight into student differences regarding engagement with SSI, resulting in differing patterns of students’ USK that were shown to be related to their attitudes.
The final study builds upon the arguments and findings of the first three studies. This study is an exploration of the effects of SSI-based teaching on students’ attitudes toward SSI, considering socioscientific capital (as indicated by students’ USK profile). The overall discussion of this dissertation focuses on the feasibility of SSI-based teaching and a socioscientific capital approach in the Netherlands. This discussion provides valuable points of departure for the implementation of a socioscientific capital approach in primary and secondary education, keeping in mind the challenges and opportunities that teachers face.
With the rise of mobile-online-dating apps new principles have entered the dating culture, including parallel dating, acceleration, efficacy, and non-commitment. These practices negatively affect the self, inhibit dating success and contribute to the emergence of mobile-online-dating fatigue. Despite its significance, research on dating fatigue remains underdeveloped so far, with limited exploration of its underlying mechanisms and broader social contextualization. This study draws on qualitative insights from 27 interviews, exploring social mechanisms of mobile-online-dating fatigue, users’ meaning-making processes, and resulting coping strategies. The findings show how fatigue is a widely experienced social phenomenon rather than an individual vulnerability. Instead, mobile-online-dating fatigue arises from reciprocal hurtful experiences, specific attribution patterns and interpretations of experiences, just as resulting attitudes and strategies that foster negative social dynamics, including stereotyping, devaluation, repetitive and dissatisfying dating practices, and sometimes sexual coercive behaviors. These dynamics culminate in a negative self-fulfilling prophecy. The results also reveal coping strategies, with users projecting negative effects on other users and the app providers, while continuously reproducing negative dynamics hanging on to their app usage, opting for a general dating abstinence, or seeking digital alternatives. One prominent digital alternative is Instagram, where users re-enact excitement through practices characterized by deceleration, ambiguity, social embeddedness, personal risk-taking, and equivocal communication– practices that are perceived as an opportunity for resonating and therefore more meaningful dating practices. The findings are discussed against the background of a social understanding of the self, with users navigating a restrictive dating context, seeking for experiences of resonance and meaningful connections.
Attitudes towards wolves are important indicators of what wolf presence means to people and whether they lean towards support or opposition. Over the past 50 years, attitude surveys and interviews have uncovered that the polarisation between social groups is not only driven by tangible impacts. Moreover, uneven distribution of intangible costs fostered feelings of marginalisation, and socio-cultural divides create different perceptions of wolves and their management. Despite these revelations, little emphasis has been placed on the intricate psychological mechanisms underlying attitude polarisation and behavioural implications. This Perspective drafts a framework around the roles of attitude strength, accessibility, and ambivalence in attitude and behaviour formation, and emphasizes the potential role of unconscious, implicit attitudes beyond explicit self-report in how humans perceive and react to wolves. It explores how these factors may explain polarisation, sudden attitude shifts, mismatches between reported attitudes and behaviours, and the unexpected ineffectiveness of some interventions. Under the assumption of this framework, approaches are discussed that could help navigate attitude shifts amid expanding wolf populations and emotional conflicts between groups and species. Though speculative for now, we hope that this bottom-up approach will guide and inspire research to further explore the proposed mechanisms and improve our understanding about how latent attitudes, ambivalence, and experiences may shape attitudes towards wolves. Rather than advocating for nationwide shifts towards positive views of wolves, we stress the importance of recognizing the full spectrum of attitudes, contexts, and social group settings in managing conflict sustainably, particularly considering expanding and increasingly urbanized wolf populations.
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a prominent framework for predicting and explaining behavior in a variety of domains. The theory is also increasingly being used as a framework for conducting behavior change interventions. In this meta-analysis, we identified 82 papers reporting results of 123 interventions in a variety of disciplines. Our analysis confirmed the effectiveness of TPB-based interventions, with a mean effect size of .50 for changes in behavior and effect sizes ranging from .14 to .68 for changes in antecedent variables (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention). Further analyses revealed that the interventions’ effectiveness varied for the diverse behavior change methods. In addition, interventions conducted in public and with groups were more successful than interventions in private locations or focusing on individuals. Finally, we identified gender and education as well as behavioral domain as moderators of the interventions’ effectiveness.
Two experiments based upon Gollwitzer's (1993) concept of implementation intentions are described. In both experiments, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions from Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behaviour were used to measure participants' motivation prior to an intervention in which participants made implementation intentions specifying where and when they would take a vitamin C pill each day. Behaviours were assessed by self-report and pill count at both 10 days and 3 weeks in Experiment 1, and at 2 weeks and 5 weeks in Experiment 2. Results supported the view that participants who formed implementation intentions were less likely to miss taking a pill every day compared to controls. Evidence suggested that implementation intentions were effective because they allowed participants to pass control of behaviour to the environmental cues contained in the implementation intention. Implications of the study and some suggestions for future research are outlined. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
