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Formulation and evaluation of carrot seed oil-based cosmetic emulsions
Abstract
The present study deals with the evaluation of antiaging potential of carrot seed oil-based cosmetic emulsions. Briefly, cosmetic emulsions composed of carrot seed oil in varying proportions (2, 4, and 6% w/v) were prepared using the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) technique. Coconut oil, nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80), and xanthan gum were used as the oil phase, emulgent, and emulsion stabilizer, respectively. The formed emulsions were evaluated for various physical, chemical, and biochemical parameters such as the zeta potential, globule size measurement, antioxidant activity, sun protection factor (SPF), skin irritation, and biochemical studies. The zeta potential values ranged from −43.2 to −48.3, indicating good stability. The polydispersity index (PDI) of various emulsion formulations ranged from 0.353 to 0.816. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl- (DPPH) and nitric oxide-free radical scavenging activity showed the antioxidant potential of the prepared carrot seed oil emulsions. The highest SPF value (6.92) was shown by F3 having 6%w/v carrot seed oil. Histopathological data and biochemical analysis (ascorbic acid (ASC) and total protein content) suggest that these cosmetic emulsions have sufficient potential to be used as potential skin rejuvenating preparations.
... Aronia melanocarpa seed oil Tired, mature skin; exfoliating, soothing for irritated skin after depilation and sunbathing [7,30] Sambucus nigra seed oil Antioxidant properties; anti-ageing and revitalising cosmetics and products for dyed hair [30] Ribes nigrum seed oil Protective and antioxidant properties; anti-wrinkle ingredient, strongly regenerating and intensively conditioning; dry and sensitive skin; psoriasis, atopic dermatitis [27,30] Rosa canina seed oil Wound healing and antioxidant properties; high potential to act as natural UV filters, skin vitaliser, and skin barrier repairing; post-surgical scars (reduces atrophy, dyschromia, and discolouration); for sensitive skin; anti-ageing, anti-cellulite cosmetics [27,[30][31][32][33][34] Ficus carica seed oil Dry, ageing skin; anti-cellulite and massage; hair styling and shine products [30,35] Punica granatum seed oil Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties regenerating, revitalising, firming, anti-ageing, discolouring activity; effectively soothing sunburnt skin and minor skin injuries; high potential to act as natural UV filters; mature, dry, and peeling skin; used for the treatment of Acne rosacea and Acne vulgaris, psoriasis, eczema [5,30,31,34,36] Trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil Couperose skin requiring revitalisation; supports epidermal regeneration after dermatological treatments; antimicrobial agent; prevents greasy scalp and hair loss [30,37] Papaver rhoeas seed oil Sensitive and vascular skin; anti-cellulite cosmetics and products for hair which is greasy at the roots and dry at the ends [30] Daucus carota sativa seed oil Regenerative activity; dry, ageing skin with pigmentation disorders; products for the scalp, hair and weakened nails; high potential to act as natural UV filters [30,[38][39][40] Perilla ocymoides seed oil Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antioxidant activity; skin with visible signs of fatigue, oily skin, and acne; products for rough hair and hair in need of regeneration [30] INCI, International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients. ...
Plant oils are currently not only an essential element of the healthy eating pyramid, but also a valuable cosmetic material, which, in line with the eco-friendly trends of recent years, is effectively replacing petroleum-derived fatty ingredients. The fatty acids, phenolic compounds, pigments, and vitamins (e.g., A and E) present in plant oils contribute to their health-promoting properties, including antioxidant activity. This study assessed the contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls, as well as the antioxidant properties of 10 selected plant oils. Fenugreek seed oil was shown to have the highest total content of carotenoids, and the most β-carotene. Chokeberry and rosehip oils also contained large amounts of provitamin A, in comparison to the other oils tested. Lycopene was the dominant compound in black currant and rosehip seed oils. Among chlorophyll pigments, elderberry oil had the highest content of chlorophyll a, while black currant oil had large amounts of both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The antioxidant properties of the cold pressed oils obtained from selected seeds and fruit stones, assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as the ability to interact with the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical, can be ranked as follows: pomegranate > fenugreek > poppy > black currant > chokeberry > rosehip > perilla > elderberry > carrot > fig. The results of this study showed that these plant oils are valuable natural materials with antioxidant properties, which can be an important complement to synthetic antioxidants due to their additional skin care properties.
... Beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin A responsible for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and collagen synthesis properties which help improve skin texture, reduce wrinkles, and enhance overall skin tone and appearance. It promotes cell regeneration by accelerating the shedding of dead skin cells and promotes the growth of new, healthy cells, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion (Singh et al., 2019). ...
... En Cuba, esta especie se ha dispersado por todo el país, aunque las mayores áreas del cultivo se localizan, fundamentalmente, en Baracoa (Guantánamo), Niquero y Pilón (Granma), así como en varios municipios de Holguín, Pinar del Río y Sancti Spíritus. Este cultivo posee una gran importancia económica por el elevado valor nutricional de sus productos (2), además, los subproductos son muy empleados en la producción de cosméticos (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Recientemente, se ha demostrado la importancia del consumo de aceite de coco para la salud humana (8)(9)(10)(11), así como de otros subproductos en usos diversos (12)(13)(14). ...
El 85 % de la producción nacional de coco se realiza en Baracoa, la cual es afectada por la baja disponibilidad de fertilizantes minerales, lo que limita la obtención de posturas de calidad y el desarrollo de las plantaciones. Esta área geográfica se encuentra en una Reserva de la Biosfera, Cuchillas del Toa, caracterizada por un alto endemismo, por lo que es una prioridad estimular el uso de tecnologías agrícolas que permitan su protección, al mismo tiempo que permitan incrementar la productividad del cultivo del cocotero. Con el objetivo de contar con cepas autóctonas, con potencial para su empleo en el manejo nutricional del cocotero, se realizó el aislamiento y la caracterización de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) en cuatro sitios. Se encontró una elevada abundancia de esporas de HMA en Cabacú y Cane, mientras que la menor fue en Playa Duana, con el mayor porcentaje de especies y morfotipos observados. Se observó una especificidad relativa de los Orden a los cuales pertenecen las especies y los morfotipos caracterizados, en relación con los sitios estudiados. Los resultados indican que, tanto la abundancia como las especies o morfotipos encontrados, dependen de factores propios de cada ecosistema, los que condicionan la comunidad autóctona de HMA que se establece. Se demuestra que, a pesar de desarrollarse el cultivo del coco en estos sitios, constituyen ecosistemas muy bien conservados debido, principalmente, a las pocas labores y aplicaciones de fertilizantes que se realizan al mismo, lo cual conserva su equilibrio ecológico. Cocos nucifera, mycorrhizae, biodiversidad. The 85 % of the national coconut production takes place in Baracoa, which is affected by the low availability of mineral fertilizers, which limits the obtaining of quality seedlings and the development of plantations. This geographical area is located in a Biosphere Reserve, Cuchillas del Toa, characterized by a high endemism, so it is a potential priority agricultural technology that allow its protection while increasing the productivity of the coconut tree. In order to have autochthonous strains with potential for use in the nutritional management of the coconut tree, the isolation and characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was carried out in four sites. A high abundance of AMF spores was found in Cabacú and Cane, while the lowest was in Playa Duana, with the highest percentage of species and morphotypes observed. A relative specificity of the Orders to which the characterized species and morphotypes belong in relation to the studied sites was observed. The results indicate that both the abundance and the species or morphotypes found depend on factors specific to each ecosystem, which determine the autochthonous community of AMF that is established. It is shown that despite the development of coconut cultivation in these sites, they constitute very well conserved ecosystems, mainly due to the few tasks and applications of fertilizers that are carried out, which preserves their ecological balance. Cocos nucifera, mycorrhizae, biodiversity. RESUMEN: Palabras clave: ABSTRACT:
... Furthermore, luteolin present in carrots may be effective in preventing photoaging of the skin [59]. Carrot seed oil has been recognized for its great potential as an ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics thanks to its antioxidant properties and SPF protection of 6.92 [60]. In addition, research confirms that the methanol extract derived from the powdered cell line (R4G) of red carrot (Daucus carota L.) is abundant in anthocyanins, which possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and thus have a high potential for preventing skin aging [61]. ...
The skin, as an external organ, protects the entire body against harmful external factors. One of these factors is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which in excessive amounts can lead to premature skin aging, DNA damage, and even skin cancer. Therefore, it is worth supporting skin protection not only with commercially available preparations, but also with a proper diet. Consuming certain vegetables and applying them topically may reduce the effects of UV radiation. The aim of the review was to collect information on the effects of vegetables and their compounds on the skin when used externally or included in the diet. This review summarizes studies on vegetables, such as broccoli, cucumber, kale, tomato, and carrot, which have shown significant activity in skin photoprotection. Additionally, it outlines the bioactive substances present in these vegetables and their effects.
... A strategy to overcome the issues presented by GO can be the encapsulation of this compound in NLCs using environmentally friendly liquid vegetable oils and natural solid lipids to create a safe and effective carrier for its topical application [30][31][32]. Among the many natural-derived oils that can be chosen from, carrot seed oil has proved to be a good candidate for skin protection and disease prevention, as it has been proven to have not only antibacterial and antifungal activity but also antiaging potential due to its antioxidant activity (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxide free radical scavenging) and SPF and has proven skin compatibility as well (no irritation) [33][34][35][36]. Another promising and natural-sourced oil in shea butter has proven to have several relevant activities as well, such as antibacterial, antifungal, wound and burn healing, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even chemopreventive action [37][38][39]. ...
The human skin is a recurring target of external aggressions, such as UV radiation, leading to exacerbation of the aging process and the occurrence of skin diseases, such as cancer. Hence, preventive measures should be taken to protect it against these aggressions, consequently decreasing the chance of disease development. In the present study, a topical xanthan gum nanogel containing gamma-oryzanol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and nanosized UV filters TiO2 and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT) was developed to assess their synergistic potential in having multifunctional skin beneficial properties. The developed NLCs contained the natural-based solid lipids shea butter and beeswax, liquid lipid carrot seed oil, and the potent antioxidant gamma-oryzanol, with an optimum particle size for topical application (<150 nm), good homogeneity (PDI = 0.216), high zeta potential (−34.9 mV), suitable pH value (6), good physical stability, high encapsulation efficiency (90%), and controlled release. The final formulation, a nanogel containing the developed NLCs and the nano UV filters, showed high long-term storage stability and high photoprotection ability (SPF = 34) and resulted in no skin irritation or sensitization (rat model). Hence, the developed formulation showed good skin protection and compatibility, demonstrating promise as a new platform for the future generation of natural-based cosmeceuticals.
... [14]. A study shows that formulations containing 6% w/v carrot seed oil have SPF values of 6.92 [15]. ...
Aims:
To carry out a bibliographic review related to plants available in Costa Rica that have demonstrated antioxidant power and a sun protection factor (SPF) suitable to be used in sunscreen products.
Methods:
The bibliographic review was carried out using different descriptors and by consulting different databases.
Results:
Information about antioxidant power about acerola, avocado, carrots, passion fruit, moringa, banana, pumpkin and amaranth, guava, matico, ginkgo, blackberry, mango, coffee was obtained. The information obtained suggests that the mentioned plants could be used for the formulation of sunscreens.
Conclusion:
Sun protection products should be used every day to prevent skin damage; some sunscreens produce allergic reactions, so it is necessary to investigate natural options to be used in sun protection products. Some natural products exhibit SPF values that allow their incorporation as sun protection agents, adjuvants, or enhancers in sunscreens.
... The major constituents of this essential oil are carotol (66.78%), daucene (8.74%), (Z,Z)-α-farnesene (5.86%), germacrene-D (2.34%), trans-α-bergamotene (2.41%) and β-selinene (2.20%), respectively. Carotol possesses suitable anti-aging properties and decreases the size of dark spots and scars on the skin [72]. It possesses antioxidant activity, which minimizes facial skin creases, inflammation, and UV radiation-induced pigmentation problems. ...
The growth and demand for cosmeceuticals (cosmetic products that have medicinal or drug-like benefits) have been enhanced for the last few decades. Lately, the newly invented dosage form, i.e., the pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serum has been developed and widely employed in various non-invasive cosmetic procedures. Many pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serums contain natural active components that claim to have a medical or drug-like effect on the skin, hair, and nails, including anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, hydrating, moisturizing, repairing, brightening and lightening skin, anti-hair fall, anti-fungal, and nail growth effect, etc. In comparison with other pharmaceutical-related cosmetic products (creams, gels, foams, and lotions, etc.), pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serums produce more rapid and incredible effects on the skin. This chapter provides detailed knowledge about the different marketed pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serums and their several types such as facial serums, hair serums, nail serums, under the eye serum, lip serum, hand, and foot serum, respectively. Moreover, some valuable procedures have also been discussed which provide prolong effects with desired results in the minimum duration of time after the few sessions of the serum treatment.
Night creams play a pivotal role in skincare routines by safeguarding against nocturnal moisture loss and promoting a smooth, wrinkle-free complexion. However, conventional formulations of night creams often incorporate synthetic active substances, potentially leading to adverse effects over prolonged use. Addressing this concern involves substituting these synthetic compounds with natural ingredients, particularly essential oils, renowned for their diverse skincare benefits encompassing anti-acne, anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, and moisturizing properties. A systematic review was conducted to establish a foundation for future investigations, focusing on the integration of essential oils in night cream formulations. The outcomes revealed that various night cream formulations, enriched with essential oils derived from natural ingredients such as rosemary oil, camellia oil, clove oil, geranium oil, lemongrass oil, rosehip oil, and sandalwood oil, demonstrate remarkable efficacy in preserving skin moisture. The versatility of essential oils has been showcased in the development of night creams, boasting diverse beneficial effects across skincare concerns. This systematic investigation highlights the potential of essential oil-based night creams, which have recently gained traction in the global market. The burgeoning introduction of these products signifies an escalating demand for such skincare solutions and points towards promising prospects for future advancements in essential oil-based night creams.
Background
Hyperpigmentation is a growing problem worldwide among various skin diseases and directly relates to the quality of life. The factors causing hyperpigmentation may range from excess exposure to sunlight, pollution, underlying disease conditions, adverse effects of a medication, modified lifestyle, and oxidative stress. Treatment includes the use of hydroquinone, retinoids, corticosteroids, and kojic acid along with anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these medications are preferred for short-term treatment under acute conditions, while in the case of long-term treatment, botanical extracts are a safe choice for a majority of the population for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Formulation with plant extracts/oil enriched with polyphenols, vitamin C, and vitamin E are reported to be safe and effective in inhibiting melanogenesis.
Objective
Seed oils composed of polyphenols, vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids were selected to evaluate their antioxidant property and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity.
Methods
Grape seed oil (GSO), papaya seed oil (PSO), and carrot seed oil (CSO) were evaluated for their total phenolic and flavonoid content , in-vitro antioxidant activity was done using DPPH assay and anti-tyrosinase activity was done usingMushroomtyrosinaseinhibition assay.
Result
Total phenolic content for PSO was 0.936 mg/gm. Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) was highest when compared to GSO and CSO, while CSO had a higher total flavonoid concentration, 0.945 mg/gm as quercetin equivalent (QE). Free radical scavenging activity was comparable to standard and tyrosinase inhibitory activity for grape and carrot seed oils were 80.10 % and 76.52 % at 100µg/ml, respectively and was comparable to kojic acid used as standard.
Conclusion
The results obtained suggest that the oils can be formulated as a topical depigmenting product and used for skin care and skin glow
Background
Seed oils have been exploited for an array of purposes with their addition to dietary, cosmetics, or therapeutic products. The process of skin aging is a natural and complex phenomenon in living beings. Skin aging is classified into two independent processes, i.e., chronological aging and premature aging. Aging is observed as a loss of strength and elasticity of the skin, leading to wrinkles on the skin. It is due to a decrease in various components of the skin matrix, like elastin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, aging is potentiated by excessive exposure to UV radiation (Photoaging) and can be prevented or reduced by using products that combat photoaging.
Objective
Anti-aging and antiwrinkle agents are in demand for maintaining skin tone. Seed oils composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids are traditionally used in cosmetic products as moisturizers and emollients, while palmitic acid and oleic acid are known for their penetration-enhancing effect. With the changing trend for extraction of oils like cold pressed methods, seed oils enriched with polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols are good antioxidants and antimicrobials and therefore have an ever-growing demand for their usage in the treatment of skin diseases. In this review, an attempt will be made to brief the phytoconstituents present in various seed oils and their utilization against skin ailments. Furthermore, a mechanistic approach towards the benefit of oils in skin barrier repair, antiaging, and photo-aging with the help of extensive well-designed clinical trials carried out in the recent past is elaborated.
Method
A literature search in the Scopus database, Pubmed, and Medline was carried out using the terminology “aging, photoaging, antioxidant, UV-protection, sunscreens, skin barrier repair, and fatty acids, formulations” in the study. Data were retrieved over the last twenty years.
Result
The review summarises the mechanistic approach and beneficial application of seed oils for healthy and glowing skin. The oils obtained from olives, sesame, borage, grape seeds, and carrot seeds have multitargeted effects. However, the variation in pharmacological effect may vary based on geographically differing varieties, skin type, and person-to-person variation. The need to standardize the varieties for their phytoactive ingredients and the composition of formulation used for skin care can help utilize the seeds as a potential source of actives against skin diseases.
Conclusion
Conclusion: The potential of seed oils can be increased with appropriate analytical tools, validation protocols, and systematic experimental studies at preclinical and clinical trials for their application to skin care products.
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