Rorschach Inkblot Test: A Guide to Modified Scoring System. (Practical Tips & Skills for Beginners)
Abstract
Kumar, R. (2010) Rorschach Inkblot Test: A Guide to Modified Scoring System.
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Dr. Rakesh’s book is energizing for postgraduate students of psychology and teachers who want to learn the skills of Rorschach administration, scoring and interpretation. The book is an outcome of his more than 12 years of experience in Rorschach based psychodiagnosis; teaching, workshops and extensive researches on inkblots. A survey revealed that 80% clinical psychologists engaged in assessment services utilize the Rorschach and this technique has become a synonym to clinical psychology (p.4). The literary presentation of the book is very simple and itemized to facilitate understanding of the complex procedure (p.7). This book is full of skill, guidelines and pictorial illustrations which can be understood even by a layperson. The book effectively introduces the concept of projection and inkblot procedures and Rorschach in particular. In administration chapter each and every step is formalized and made easy even for a novice to learn how to administer Rorschach and record responses. The terminology used to explain quantitative scoring is self-explanatory for most variables. For example; Common Blot Area (CBA) instead of Major Details (D); Most Frequent Response instead of Popular (P). The chapter on Blot Areas and Determination of Shape Appropriateness provides elaborate guidelines for determining appropriateness of shape in a given response and comprehensive listing of blot areas would serve as a ready reference to the practitioners. The innovative idea of integrating Most Frequent Responses within the index listing would ensure faster and accurate scoring of Most Frequent (Popular) responses in a protocol. The scheme of presentation of Blot Areas and their corresponding Most Frequent Responses is wonderful. A beginner would enjoy scoring of this one of the most significant Rorschach variable through this book. The chapter on Qualitative Indices is rare compilations of full range of behavioural and test presentation by the subjects. The author has elaborated 60 qualitative indices which shall substantially aid a practitioner in arriving at a psycho-diagnosis. The Interpretation chapter gives a logical account of a wide range of scored indices in a Rorschach protocol. A standard format is presented to generate quick, brief and meaningful report on Rorschach results. To reinforce the skills of a beginner student, Dr. Rakesh has presented plenty exercises for both quantitative and qualitative indices. I would strongly recommend this book for both students and teachers of clinical psychology.
Professor Bankey L. Dubey, Ph.D., D.M.& S.P., D.P.M., FSIS
Adjunct Dept of Psychology, University of Alaska,Anchorage(USA)
President Somatic Inkblot Society
Former President Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists
4406 Forest Road,Anchorage, AK 99517(USA)
Email:bldubey@gmail.com
O psicopata no divã: como identificar? The psichopath on the couch: how to identify? HERMES MARCONDES LOURENÇO 1 2022 Resumo Este estudo procura identificar o psicopata durante uma consulta psiquiátrica ou psicoterápica. Trata-se de um desafio ao profissional atuante em saúde mental, pois os psicopatas são indivíduos habilidosos em disfarçar as suas verdadeiras intenções e manipulam as pessoas que estão ao seu redor. A psicopatia é uma forma grave do transtorno de personalidade, podendo o psicopata, encontrar o consultório médico e/ou divã por pressão dos familiares que não compreendem as adversidades que vivem ao lado do psicopata. Outra possibilidade, seria a procura do psicopata pelo atendimento em saúde mental, como alternativa a um refúgio ou para um ganho secundário. Ressalta-se que os psicopatas são mentirosos, dissimulados, manipuladores, irresponsáveis, não se adaptam as normas sociais, são falsos e estão dispostos a utilizarem de qualquer artifício para conseguirem o que querem. Por essa razão, a identificação precoce auxilia o profissional de saúde mental a não cair em armadilhas e a prevenir danos a sociedade, ao examinador ou ao próprio psicopata. Através de uma anamnese estruturada-amparada pelos critérios diagnósticos para o Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial do DSM-V-, de testes validados como PCL-R e Rorschach, de exames de neuroimagem, tornam-se essenciais para diagnosticar e/ou identificar o psicopata. Até o momento ainda não há um tratamento medicamentoso que cure o psicopata, por se tratar de uma alteração congênita associada a inatividade do lobo frontal e a abordagem psicanalítica torna-se ineficaz quando direcionada ao psicopata. Dessa forma cabe ao profissional estruturar técnicas profiláticas de que o psicopata cause um dano maior. Por outro lado, é crucial que o profissional de saúde mental, auxilie as vítimas dos psicopatas, que muitas vezes não imaginam que podem estar sendo usadas pelo psicopata e correm risco de perigo real. As vítimas que não tiveram tempo de elaborar uma estratégia protetiva, podem desenvolver diversas doenças mentais como transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT), depressão desde a leve a grave, transtornos de pânico, transtornos de ansiedade, dentre outras psicopatologias. Para que um atendimento qualificado a essas vítimas seja iniciado, o primeiro passo é identificar que muitas vezes todo sofrimento psíquico pode ter uma etiologia comum: o psicopata. 1
The present study makes an effort to identify the Rorschach and SIS-I diagnostic indicators of
ADHD. The study was conducted on a sample of 224 children in the age range of 6-11 years
drawn from various schools of Baraut (U.P). Participants were categorized into two groups -
ADHD (n=111) and control (n=113). Rorschach and SIS-I were individually administered on each
participant and the response pattern of ADHD and normal children on two projective measures
was compared. Frequency data of scored indices were transformed into percent scores (taking total number of responses as denominator) and total and transformed scores of the ADHD and Control groups were compared (using t-test) foridentifying the discriminating indices. The sensitivity of both tests in identifying patients of ADHD was also compared. Several Rorschach indices such as, M,D, FC,F+, and A, were found significant in differentiating normal children from ADHD. The SIS -I Results revealed that both the tests are sensitive in discriminating the ADHD children evidences.
The present study reports Rorschach and SIS-I diagnostic indicators of manic and depressive disorders as well as the diagnostic compatibility of the two tests. Two clinical groups: manics (N=50) and depressives (N=50) along with a normal control group (n=50) were tested individually on Rorschach and SIS-I. The individual protocols on these tests were scored on several common indices and between group comparisons was done using t-test. Findings revealed that the SIS-I provided important diagnostic information not only for differentiating clinical cases from normal healthy subjects but also for differentiating manics from depressives. It was also observed that the diagnostic efficacy of the SIS-I was comparable to that of the Rorschach and both tests were found to provide psychometrically compatible information in a sample of normal subjects.
Many researchers working with SIS-I have felt the need of an extended scoring system for the test. After an extensive review of the literature available on inkblots, the Comprehensive Scoring System (CSS) for SIS-I was developed on the basis of Beck’s scoring system for Rorschach. The present study aims at delineating the pattern of responses on SIS-I in normal persons. SIS-I was administered on 200 normal persons drawn from general population. The CSS indices were enumerated and defined operationally for objective scoring. The SIS-I protocols of the sample were scored as per the developed CSS. Mean and S.D. of each scoring indices of Comprehensive Scoring System were computed. The results are presented.
Much has been accomplished with the tool that Herman Rorschach devised and had hardly begun to utilize before his untimely end. From its origination as a diagnostic adjunct to clinical psychiatry his test has been evolved into a psychological technique of great importance for the study of the normal and intact whole personality in its developmental shifting of activities to higher functional levels, and for the study of devolutionary processes accompanying disintegration of the personality. As such, the Rorschach method is a research tool more dynamically oriented in its capacity to uncover levels of activity and interactivity of parts of the personality than almost any other brief method yet available. The present volume takes up the Rorschach test at the point where volume I leaves off--at the stage of interpretation. It translates the symbols of the test into the more familiar clinical language, and sketches out the structures of recognizable personalities from the mass of technical detail. It embodies progress in interpretation since the publication of my
Introduction to the Rorschach Method in 1937, assimilating both the advances reported by others, and my own enlargement of experience growing out of the work at Michael Reese Hospital (Chicago, Illinois). Rorschach test interpretation for a wide range of clients is examined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Indian norms for Rorschach responses
- H S Asthana
Asthana, H.S. (1950) Indian norms for Rorschach
responses. Indian Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry,
2, 10-18.
Normative data on Rorschach inkblot for Indian sample
- H S Asthana
Asthana, H.S. (1971) Normative data on Rorschach inkblot
for Indian sample. Unpublished research report.
Department of Psychology, Sagar University, Sagar.
- S J Beck
- A G Beck
- E E Levitt
- H B Molish
Beck, S.J., Beck, A.g., Levitt, E.E. and Molish, H.B.
(1961) Rorschach test. Vol. I Basic Processes. New
York: : Grune & Stratton.
- S J Beck
Beck, S.J. (1969) Rorschach test Vol. III: Advances in
interpretations. New York: Grune & Stratton.
A textbook in Rorschach test diagnosis: For psychologists, physicians and teachers
- E Bohm
Bohm, E. (1958) A textbook in Rorschach test diagnosis:
For psychologists, physicians and teachers. New York:
Grune & Stratton.
Interpreting inner world through somatic imagery: Manual of the somatic inkblot series
- W A Cassell
- B L Dubey
Cassell, W.A. and Dubey, B.L. (2003) Interpreting inner
world through somatic imagery: Manual of the somatic
inkblot series. Alaska: Somatic Inkblot Centre
A pragmatic view of Rorschach inkblot technique
- B L Dubey
Dubey, B.L. (1982) A pragmatic view of Rorschach inkblot
technique. Agra: National Psychological Corporation.
A workbook in the Rorschach technique emphasizing the Beck and Klopfer systems
- J E Exner
Exner, J.E. (1966) A workbook in the Rorschach technique
emphasizing the Beck and Klopfer systems. Springfield:
Charles C Thomas Publisher.
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Wide content range 10. High religious content 11. More and rapid responses to color blot areas 12. New and additional responses in enquiry 13
- E B Extratensive
Extratensive EB
7. High affective ratio (more than.80)
8. Flower content
9. Wide content range
10. High religious content
11. More and rapid responses to color blot areas
12. New and additional responses in enquiry
13. Response replacement
Depression:
1. Delayed RT1
2. Low total number of responses
3. Low or Zero White Background Areas (S%)
Average or high most frequent responses (P)
- C Low
Low C or CF
8. Average or high most frequent responses (P)
Rorschach psychodiagnostics: An Indian case study
- C L Kundu
Kundu, C.L. (1980) Rorschach psychodiagnostics: An
Indian case study. Kurukshetra: Vishal Publication
Efficacy of SIS-I in Discriminating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
- J Mahapatra
Mahapatra, J. (2007) Efficacy of SIS-I in Discriminating
Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders. Doctoral thesis
submitted to Sambalpur University, Orissa
Rorschach test: Theory and practice
- R K Mishra
- M K Kharkwal
- M A Kilroy
- K Thapa
Mishra, R.K., Kharkwal, M. K., Kilroy, M.A. and Thapa,
K. (1996) Rorschach test: Theory and practice. New
Delhi: Sage Publications
A practical manual for the Rorschach test
- D Pershad
- S Parekh
Pershad, D. and Parekh, S. (2001) A practical manual for
the Rorschach test. Agra: H.P.Bhargava Book House