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European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.32 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
410
Comparative Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction
with Hostel Accommodation in Selected Private
Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria
Tajudeen Azeez
David Taiwo
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State
Basirat Mogaji-Allison
Department of Estate Management,
Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State
Azeez Bello
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State
doi: 10.19044/esj.2016.v12n32p410 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n32p410
Abstract
The study assessed students’ satisfaction with hostel accommodation
in selected private universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. This was done by
comparing the level of housing satisfaction of students residing in selected
private universities’ hostels. The study utilized structured questionnaires to
obtain primary data from students and university authorities in the two
selected private universities in the study area. There were twenty two (22)
hostels in the study area (15 hostels in Crescent University, Abeokuta and 7
hostels in Bells University of Technology, Ota). From these hostels, Five (5)
hostels from Crescent University and three (3) hostels from Bells University
of Technology was randomly selected. There were three hundred and eight
(308) rooms in the eight (8) hostels selected. Simple random sampling was
used to select thirty five percent (35%) of the rooms in the study area. Thus,
the sample size was one hundred and eight rooms (108) (65 from Crescent
University and 43 from Bells University). Data obtained were analyzed
through the use of descriptive statistics such as frequency tabulation to assess
the general levels of students’ housing satisfaction, and also the use of
Relative Satisfaction Index (RSI) to determine the degree of students’
satisfaction with each of the housing components identified for the study.
The results revealed that students in Bells University of Technology were
more satisfied with their hostel accommodation compared to students of
European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.32 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
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Crescent University (RSI = 4.22 and 3.65 respectively for Bells University of
Technology, Ota and Crescent University, Abeokuta). The study indicated
that the standard of housing components can significantly influence students’
satisfaction with their hostel accommodation. It is therefore pertinent that the
university authorities should consider the provision of adequate and quality
infrastructure when planning and designing students’ housing.
Keywords: Housing, hostel accommodation, students’ housing satisfaction,
private universities, Abeokuta, Ota, Ogun state
Introduction
Housing has been viewed by Jiboye (2010) as any type of permanent
shelter for man, which gives him an identity. Housing in all its ramifications
is more than mere shelter. It embraces all the social services and utility that
goes to make a community or neighbourhood a liveable environment
(Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN), 1991; Jiboye, 2010). Good housing
and decent accommodation play a significant role in healthy living and lead
to improved productivity. This is particularly true for a special category of
individuals–students, especially those in tertiary institutions, who require
good accommodation in a serene environment for proper assimilation of
what they have been taught.
Students’ hostel accommodation has been one of the major
challenges in Nigeria tertiary institutions due to explosion in students’
population (Akpan, 1998; Offiong, 2002). Likewise, residing in students’
housing faraway from family for a long period of time is an enduring
experience for young students (Khozaei, Ayub and Hassan; 2010). The
majority of the students admitted are below the age of eighteen and a
substantial proportion never left home or had previous hostel experience
(Amole, 1997).
Students' housing form part of the facilities that students take into
consideration before making a choice of the school they intend to attend
among other considerations (Price et al., 2003). This therefore makes it
imperative for schools to give students housing a top priority while
enhancing the reputation of the school among other contemporaries. The
students' housing is said to include facilities such as bedrooms which can
serve the dual purpose of sleeping and study, toilets and bathrooms, kitchen,
laundry, recreational areas and access to internet services as this further
enhance the study-learning experience. Abramson (2009) on his part,
asserted that the student housing can be further made exciting by providing
further facilities such as car park, mini markets, bookshops, cafeterias and
ATM machines within the precinct of the students' housing.
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Students' housing has not received the desired attention both from the
government and the management of the institutions in Nigeria. Ubong (2007)
observed that hostel accommodation has not received adequate attention
although it is an important component of pupil personnel management,
inadequate maintenance of the services and infrastructure of hostel
accommodation is very common. There have been reported cases of students
taking ill in the hostels as a result of poor sanitary conditions. It is crucial to
note that student hostel must not only be adequately provided for in relation
to the student population of a university, but it must also be able to satisfy
their needs if the best is to be appropriated from them.
Conceptually, housing satisfaction according to Djebarni and Al-
Abed (2000) refers to the degree of contentment experienced by an
individual or family with regard to the current housing situation. It is an
index for determining the level of contentment with housing. Satisfying users
of any facility (including hostel facility) should be one of the main objectives
of providing such facility in the first instance. Singh (2006) believes that user
satisfaction has a positive effect on an organisation's profitability,
educational institution inclusive. Some authors further state that it is not
enough to merely satisfy users but importantly, ensure users are extremely
satisfied (Sivadas and Baker-Prewitt, 2000; Bowen and Chen, 2001).
Numerous studies (Amole 2009, Lotfi and Solaimani 2009, Jiboye
2010) have examined various aspects of satisfaction, including residential
satisfaction, customer satisfaction, job satisfaction and environmental
satisfaction. However, there is paucity of studies on residential satisfaction
among students most especially in private universities.
Hence, it is pertinent that study is conducted to ascertain students’
satisfaction with hostel facilities put in place because when students are
satisfied with the facilities provided in their residence halls, it will lead to
enhancement in the academic excellence of the students; students overall
enrollment and reduction in complaints being filed against the management
among others. It is on this note that this study attempts a comparative
assessment of students’ satisfaction with their hostel accommodation in
private universities by positing the case of Crescent University, Abeokuta
and Bells University of Technology, Ota in Ogun state, Nigeria.
Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
Housing has been universally acknowledged as one of the most
essential necessities of human life and it is a major economic asset in every
nation (Jiboye, 2010). Adequate housing provides the foundation for stable
communities and social inclusion (Oladapo, 2006). People’s right to shelter
is thus a basic one and the provision of decent housing to all requiring them
European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.32 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
413
should be the hallmark of every civilized society and one of the criteria for
gauging development.
The conception of student housing draws upon the model of the
conventional family housing. For Sixsmith (1986), home is not a single place
for each person; rather, a number of places can be filling this role
simultaneously. Klis van der and Karsten (2008) argue that home can be a
dual-residence situation in which one dwelling is near the workplace and the
other is the family residence (hometown). This concept as referenced by
Sixsmith (1986) and Klis van der and Karsten (2008) are comparable to
commuter residence. A student, for example, has both a university house
close to college and a home in his or her hometown. Students demand and
acquire a second residence (i.e., university housing), where they stay during
workdays and the second residence is temporary in nature. Moore (2000) and
Barnes et al. (2009) suggest that people attach a variety of connotation to
their understanding of house. Thus, Sitar and Krajnc (2008) claim that old
houses need to be renovated for living comfort confirmation, compromise
innovative technologies and fulfilled inhabitants needs. The understandings
among students of their student housing are similarly diverse.
Halls of Residence (On Campus)
Halls of residence are accommodation provided by the university,
though at a cost to the student. These halls may be mixed sex or single sex,
catered or self-catering, with single rooms or shared rooms and with ensuite
bathrooms or shared bathrooms. The cost of these rooms will vary according
to these variables and the university you attend, and there may be further
rules such as visiting hours, quiet hours, alcohol and guest policies and
opening hours out of term. This type of accommodation is usually in short
supply and also it is an added advantage to the students who are from low
income background because of its low cost, availability of social amenities
and nearness to the lecture rooms.
Concept of Housing Satisfaction
Satisfaction in housing means the sentiments of satisfaction and
happiness to the housing place which creates these feelings (Abramson,
2010). Housing is often viewed as an entity involving a large number of
units displaying aspects such as physical quality, location, standard of
services offered by the government and private owners as well as
neighbourhood characteristics (Curley, 2003). The physical entity of housing
ties down a person or family to personal services and relationships. A
housing that fulfills one's daily needs provide a high satisfaction rate to
occupants.
European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.32 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
414
Satisfaction towards the living conditions means no complaints are
made since the housing units fulfill the needs and aspirations of the residents.
Satisfaction towards the housing environment reflects residents' reaction
towards their living environment. In general, housing has been accepted as a
main component towards a quality life.
The concept of housing satisfaction is multi-layered. Elsinga and
Hoeksta (2005) and Hassanain (2008) display similar views on the concept
of housing satisfaction based on their observation on past studies. In their
opinion, the concept of housing satisfaction has been used for four major
objectives. It is the key to predict an individual's perception on the overall
quality of life. It is also an indicator of individual mobility which later
changes the demand on housing and influences surrounding area change; it is
used as an ad hoc measurement of private sector development success as an
evaluation tool to measure resident's acceptance of prevailing shortcomings
for existing surrounding area development. Finally, housing satisfaction acts
as a variable in determining the relationship between the resident's
background and his attitude towards mobility.
There are factors that are associated with housing satisfaction. These
factors can be broadly categorized as physical, social and management
factors. Physical factors are those related to the physical characteristics of a
dwelling and its surrounding environment. Regarding the physical factors,
empirical studies have shown that housing satisfaction is associated with an
improvement of security control (Mohit, Ibrahim and Rashid 2010); dwelling
design and privacy (Day, 2000); unit size and length of stay (Fang, 2006);
property value, housing adequacy and available housing space, adaptability
and flexibility of spaces (Berkoz et al., 2009); and satisfaction with the
facilities of surrounding environment (Patricia and Yusof, 2013). All of these
factors emphasize the importance of the physical attributes of the constructed
environment on residents' satisfaction.
Social factors concern the personal characteristics of the people who
reside in these dwellings as well as their feelings and perceptions of the
environment. Studies have shown that housing satisfaction is associated with
the personality characteristics of the residents (Bruin and Cook, 1997),
perceived quality and physical comfort (Khozaei et al., 2007), residents'
relationship with management staff (James et al., 2009), home ownership
(Elsinga and Hoekstra, 2005) and aggregate income (Frank and Enkawa,
2008).
A lot of scholars have more specifically focused on student housing
satisfaction. Najib, Yusuf and Abidin (2011) studied student residential
satisfaction in research universities. The study identified some significant
predictors of student housing satisfaction, such as "cleanliness, safety, hall
program and activities, and opportunities to provide input into decision
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making in the hall". Similarly, Ubong (2007) study concluded that "high
quality facilities, positive roommate relationships, strong floor communities
and quiet study environments are the most important predictors of students'
satisfaction with their hall". Studies show that giving freedom to students to
choose their own roommate increases their level of housing satisfaction
(Stern et al., 2007).
Amole (2009) reported the results of a study of residential
satisfaction in students' housing in Nigeria. The study examined how
satisfied students were and the factors which predicted residential
satisfaction. Specifically, it examined whether the morphological
configurations of the halls of residence would predict residential satisfaction.
Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to a sample of 1124
respondents from all the halls of residences in four residential universities in
Southwestern Nigeria. More than half (53%) of the respondents were
dissatisfied with their residences and the variables which explained
satisfaction were the social qualities of the residences, especially, the social
densities; the kitchenette, bathroom and storage facilities and some
demographic characteristics of the students. The morphological
configuration of the halls of residence was also found to be a predictor of
satisfaction and the characteristics which appeared most significant were the
plan form and the length of the corridor.
Najib, Yusuf and Abidin (2011) investigated the level of student
satisfaction with campus student housing facilities (SHF) at Malaysian
Research Universities (RUs) and the relationship between satisfaction and
loyalty behaviour. The student residential satisfaction (SRS) framework was
proposed to investigate residential satisfaction from the students' viewpoint.
In general, students are satisfied with the provided SHF with the SRS index
of 2.96 or 74 per cent satisfaction level and there is a significant relationship
between overall satisfaction and loyalty behaviour. The results also
confirmed that the proposed model was an adequate instrument to measure
SRS.
Foubert et al. (1998) in the United State, Kaya and Erkip (2001) and
Khozaei et al. (2010) in Malaysia also evaluate student housing satisfaction,
focusing on perceptions of room size and crowding in Turkey. In Saudi
Arabia, Hassanain (2008) studies the degree of satisfaction in terms of both
technical performance (i.e. thermal comfort and functional performance (i.e.
room layout and furniture quality) in sustainable student housing facilities.
Most previous studies however do not address a broad spectrum of
satisfaction with student housing and thus, they are unable to provide
guidance for student housing managers and university administrators.
Assessing the level of students’ satisfaction would therefore require
evaluating a particular hostel accommodation located within a particular
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416
environment that is managed under a certain type of institutional
management (Onibokun 1974; Oladapo 2006).
Nevertheless, studies of human perception and behaviour have shown
that the interaction and interdependence of the components of a subsystem
act as a stimulus to an individual in forming a cognitive image or mental
picture of oneself and each of the other interacting components. Such an
image becomes the basis of one’s attitude and feelings towards each of the
components of the system, and the totality of these feelings is the basis on
which one’s relative satisfaction with each subsystem depends.
The use of this information on housing has been negligible in
most third world countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, this work is
designed to identify various concepts contributing to satisfactory student
housing. This would provide all stakeholders in student housing
development with valuable data on which an ideal student-dwelling-
environment-management interaction could be based.
Study Area
Ogun State was carved out of the old Western State by the military
administration of General Murtala Muhammed and General Olusegun
Obasanjo in February 1976. The new state was made up of the former
Abeokuta and Ijebu provinces of the former Western State, which itself came
into being when it was carved out of former Western Region in 1967.
Ogun State is otherwise known as the Gateway State and has 20
Local Government. The State is entirely in the tropics. Located in the
Southwest Zone of Nigeria with a total land area of 16,409.26 square
kilometres, it is bounded on the West by the Benin Republic, on the South by
Lagos State and the Atlantic Ocean, on the East by Ondo State, and on the
North by Oyo and Osun States. It is situated between Latitude 6.2°N and
7.8°N and Longitude 3.0°E and 5.0°E.
European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.32 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
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NIGER
C
H
A
D
REPUBLIC
OF BENIN
CAMEROON
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Scale: 1:6,000,000
Figure 1: Map of Nigeria showing Ogun State
Source: Wikipedia, 2012
Crescent University, Abeokuta
Crescent university, Abeokuta was established as a private university
by the Islamic Mission for Africa (IMA) in consonance with her doctrine and
vision. The operating license from the Federal Government of Nigeria was
obtained from the National University Commission in 2005. The mission of
the University is to ensure the delivery of University education in ways that
recognize personal discipline and integrity and promote positive societal
values. The University is out to assist in closing the widening gap between
attainable potential student population and limited space in Nigerian
educational system. Thus, the University hopes to produce the kind of
graduates that will fit into current economic agenda of the nation.
Crescent university is primarily residential with halls of residence for
both male and female students. The names of the halls of residence are:
Dantata Hall, Prof. Hassan K. A. Hall, Saudi Hall, Dangote Hall,
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Mohammed Mahruf Hall, Tijjani Folawiyo Hall, Zakariya Hall, Lateef
Adegbete Hall, Yola Hall, Ushape Hall, New Hostel, Iqra Hall, Hameeda
Hall, Amota Hall, and Gbadela Hall. The analysis of halls of residence in
Crescent University is presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Names and capacity of hostels in Crescent University, Abeokuta
S/N
Name of the
hostels
Type of
building
Number of
rooms
Students per
room
Total
1
Dantata
Storey
36
4
144
2
Prof. Hassan K.A
Storey
40
4
160
3
Saudi hall
Storey
40
4
160
4
Dangote hall
Storey
36
4
144
5
Mohammed
Mahruf
Bungalow
10
4
40
6
Tijjani folawila
Bungalow
10
4
40
7
Zakiriya
Bungalow
10
4
40
8
Lateef Adebete
bungalow
10
4
40
9
Yola
Storey
10
4
40
10
Ushape
Bungalow
10
4
40
11
New hostel
Storey
60
2
120
12
Iqra
Bungalow
10
4
40
13
Hameeda
Bungalow
10
4
40
14
Amota
Bungalow
10
4
40
15
Gbadela
Bungalow
10
A10,11 are 2
36
Total
312
1,124
Source: Authors’ field work, 2016
Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria
Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria is the First
Private University of Technology in Nigeria. It was granted operational
license on 9th June, 2005 and commenced operation on 1st July, of the same
year. The idea of Bells University of Technology was conceived following
the desire of the Bells Educational Foundation to establish a unique
University where the good foundation given to products of its Secondary
School and other Secondary Schools could be built upon. In order to realize
its dream, the Bells Educational Foundation obtained an application form for
the establishment of a Private University from the National Universities
Commission (NUC) on 10th January, 2002 and submitted the application
forms on 10th November, 2004. A Planning and Implementation Committee
was subsequently constituted, made up of former Vice-Chancellors of
reputable Universities, top Academic staff and seasoned University Planners.
under the table Chairmanship of Prof. Tekena N. Tamuno, OFR, CON, a
former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ibadan.
On 9th June, 2005, the Bells Educational Foundation was issued with
a license for the operation of a private University; Bells University of
Technology. In view of the desire to commence both administrative and
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419
academic activities at the University within the Academic Session, NUC
approved that the Ota site situated along Bells Drive, off Ota-Idiroko road,
which had physical structures and some facilities in place, would serve as the
take-off site of the University.
Bells University of Technology is basically residential with hostel
accommodation for both male and female students. The names of the hostels
are as follows: New silver hostel (male hostel), Silver Hall (Male), Male
Hall, Bronze Hall, Female Silver Hall, Female Hall1, and Female Hall 2 (See
Table 2).
Table 2: Names and capacity of hostels in Bells University of Technology, Ota
S/N
Name of the
hostels
Type of
building
Number of
rooms
Students per
room
Total
1
New silver
Storey
78
6
468
2
Silver
Storey
78
6
468
3
Male hall
Bungalow
23
4
92
4
Broanze
Storey
78
6
468
5
Female silver
Storey
78
6
468
6
Female hall 1
Bungalow
23
4
92
7
Female hall 2
Bungalow
23
4
92
Total
381
2,148
Source: Authors’ field work, 2016
Materials and Methods
The information on which this study is based is majorly from primary
sources. Primary data was collected through the administration of
questionnaire to students in the two selected universities. There were fifteen
(15) hostels in Crescent University, Abeokuta and seven (7) in Bells
University of Technology, Ota. These hostels were for both male and female
students of the Universities.
The sample frame was 35% of the hostels in the two selected
universities in the study area. This amounted to five (5) hostels in Crescent
University and three (3) hostels in Bells University of Technology, making a
total of eight (8) hostels in the two (2) selected universities. The five
selected hostels in Crescent University; Abeokuta has one hundred and
eighty two rooms (182) while the three (3) selected hostels in Bells
University of Technology have one hundred and twenty four (124) rooms.
Thus, the eight (8) selected hostels in the two universities have a total of
three hundred and eight (308) rooms.
Simple random sampling was used to select thirty five percent (35%)
of the selected rooms in the two universities. Therefore, a total of one
hundred and eight (108) rooms were selected for the survey. Since the unit of
investigation was the students, a student was selected in each of the rooms
for questionnaire administration.
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Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and relative
satisfaction index (RSI). The relative students’ satisfaction index (RSI) was
obtained by using 5-point Likert Scales of ‘Very satisfied’, ‘Satisfied’,
‘Indifferent/just satisfied’, ‘Dissatisfied’ and ‘Very dissatisfied’. The scale
used the following responses: Each response was coded accordingly: Very
Dissatisfied = 1, Dissatisfied = 2, Indifferent/Just satisfied = 3, Satisfied = 4
and Very Satisfied = 5. Each coded response was multiplied by number of
respondents, which gave the Weighted Value (WV). The Summation of the
Weighted Values (∑WV) was divided by number of respondents (n) to arrive
at each component Mean Weighted Value (MWV). The Mean of Mean
Weighted Value (MWV) was then obtained by dividing Summation of Mean
Weighted Value (∑MWV) by total number of housing condition variables
(y) surveyed in the study. This gave the overall satisfaction. Thus, MWV =
∑WV/n, where n = population of respondents. Overall satisfaction = Mean
of MWV = ∑MWV/y, y = total number of variables.
Data Analysis and Discussion
This section deals with the evaluation of the students’ level of
satisfaction with their hostel accommodation in Crescent University,
Abeokuta and Bells University of Technology, Ota. As depicted in Table 3,
students in Crescent University, Abeokuta, were satisfied with the size of
their rooms (RSI=3.52); verandah/sit-out (3.90); hostel waste disposal (4.22);
hostel security (3.80). Similarly, they also claimed that they were satisfied
with water supply (RSI=4.09); power supply (4.28); hostel environment
(3.94); proximity of hostel to lecture theatres (4.20); room privacy (4.03);
room ventilation (4.17) and hostel maintenance (3.92). In addition, the
students were just satisfied with condition of their toilets (RSI=3.18);
bathroom (2.98), laundry room (3.32); number of occupants (3.45); common
room (3.26) drainage system (3.40) and hostel rules (3.17). Besides, the
students’ claimed that they were not satisfied with recreational facilities in
the hostels (RSI=2.68). However, the overall satisfaction index of the
students with their hostel accommodation was 3.65 (fairly satisfied).
Meanwhile, in Bells University of Technology, Ota, the students
claimed that they were satisfied with the following hostel infrastructure:
condition of hostel toilets (RSI=4.12); bathroom (4.12); laundry (4.28); room
size (4.19); verandah/sit-out (4.44); drainage (4.42); waste disposal (4.07);
hostel security (3.95); water supply (4.14); power supply (4.00) hostel
environment (4.42) recreational facilities (3.95); room privacy (4.44); hostel
rules (4.19) and hostel maintenance (4.26). The students’ indicated that they
were very satisfied with hostel common room (RSI=4.58); proximity of
hostel to lecture theatres (RSI=4.63) and room ventilation (4.63). However,
they expressed their indifference with the number of room occupants (3.28).
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The overall satisfaction index of the students’ with the hostel was 4.22
(satisfied).
On the corollary, comparing the students’ satisfaction with their
hostel accommodation in the study area, it can be perceived that students’ of
Bells University of Technology, Ota were more satisfied with their hostels
than students in Crescent University, Abeokuta.
Table 3: Students’ satisfaction with hostel accommodation in the study area
S/N
Facilities
Rating and Weighted Values
SWV
RSI
5
VS
4
S
3
FS
2
D
1
VDS
Crescent University
1.
Condition of toilets
13
17
14
11
10
207
3.18
2.
Condition of bathrooms
13
18
16
11
7
194
2.98
3.
Laundry
5
21
29
10
0
216
3.32
4
Room size
6
31
19
9
0
229
3.52
5.
Number of occupants
6
29
18
12
0
224
3.45
6.
Verandah/sit-out
27
13
17
8
0
254
3.90
7.
Common room
19
12
9
17
8
212
3.26
8.
Drainage system
10
17
29
7
2
221
3.40
9.
Hostel waste disposal
21
37
7
0
0
274
4.22
10.
Hostel security
11
30
24
0
0
247
3.80
11.
Water supply
25
21
19
0
0
266
4.09
12.
Power supply
26
31
8
0
0
278
4.28
13.
Clean and healthy
environment
13
39
9
4
0
256
3.94
14.
Proximity of hostel to lecture
theatre
22
34
9
0
0
273
4.20
15.
Recreational facilities
5
11
19
18
12
174
2.68
16.
Room privacy
17
33
15
0
0
262
4.03
17.
Room ventilation
18
40
7
0
0
271
4.17
18.
Hostel rules
23
19
16
7
0
206
3.17
19.
Hostel maintenance
12
36
17
0
0
255
3
.92
Total
69.51
Mean of ∑MWV = 69.51/19 = 3.66
Bells University of
Technology
1.
Condition of toilets
13
22
8
0
0
177
4.12
2.
Condition of bathrooms
13
22
8
0
0
177
4.12
3.
Laundry
17
21
5
0
0
184
4.28
4
Room size
19
13
11
0
0
180
4.19
5.
Number of occupants
5
21
17
0
0
160
3.27
6.
Verandah/sit-out
23
16
4
0
0
191
4.44
7.
Common room
25
18
0
0
0
197
4.58
8.
Drainage system
18
25
0
0
0
190
4.42
9.
Hostel waste disposal
8
30
5
0
0
175
4.07
10.
Hostel security
11
21
9
2
0
170
3.95
11.
Water supply
15
19
9
0
0
178
4.14
12.
Power supply
16
23
4
0
0
172
4.00
13.
Clean and healthy
environment
25
11
7
0
0
190
4.42
European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.32 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
422
14.
Proximity of hostel to lecture
theatre
27
16
0
0
0
199
4.63
15.
Recreational facilities
7
27
9
0
0
170
3.95
16.
Room privacy
24
14
5
0
0
191
4.44
17.
Room ventilation
27
16
0
0
0
199
4.63
18.
Hostel rules
13
25
5
0
0
180
4.19
19.
Hostel maintenance
17
20
6
0
0
183
4
.26
Total
80.1
Mean of ∑MWV = 80.1/19 = 4.22
Source: Authors’ fieldwork, 2016
Conclusion
The study has established that there is variation in the level of
students’ satisfaction with their hostel accommodation in the selected private
universities in the study area. From this study, it is arguable that living
satisfaction is a multiple concept of the indices of satisfaction which students
perceive with living condition, social activities, facilities and services,
neighbourhood physical surroundings, living cost and students’ preference.
Though, satisfaction is strictly based on individual perspective, the result
shows that in general, students in Bells University were more satisfied with
their hostel accommodation compared to students in Crescent University,
Abeokuta.
The study concluded that available utilities and facilities such as
verandah/sit-out, waste disposal, wall, doors, portable, drainage, condition of
roofs and condition of windows were in good condition. Moreover, despite
majority of the students believing their rooms are spacious, findings has
revealed that the rooms are not too okay for the students especially in
Crescent University. Therefore overcrowding is a problem experienced in
some of the hostels. Furthermore, it was discovered that condition and
distance to facilities, hostel power supply, water supply and waste disposal
were some of the major factors influencing students’ satisfaction with their
hostels in study area.
In this regard, the study recommends the need for the university
authorities to build more hostels for both male and female students to
accommodate the growing population in a bid to check overcrowding in the
hostels. Moreover, the school authorities should also provide basic facilities
and ensure regular supply of water and electricity to the hostels. Also solid
waste should be regularly evacuated to prevent environmental hazard in the
hostels.
Acknowledgement
I acknowledged the effort of Muhammed Tureta Shehu in data
collection.
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423
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