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The formal adaptation of toponyms in Romanian translations from German between 1780 and 1830
Abstract
Although the translation of foreign proper names into Romanian before its modern stage is insufficiently explored, it is known that the process is characterized (as the whole Romanian writing of the time) by the lack of generally valid norms. The process was influenced by various factors, including: the existence of different alphabets, orthographic and phonetic systems; the influence of the source-text vs. the existence of traditional pronunciation and writing patterns; the translation of a proper name from various languages (French, German, Italian, etc.); the diversity of proper names; the translator’s personality (linguistic knowledge, cultural formation). Starting from the translation strategies adopted by translators, our aim is to analyse the way in which the toponyms from three historical texts translated into Romanian from German in pre-modern stage (1780–1830) were adapted to the formal system of Romanian.
... Comparing the findings of this study with some other related studies in European languages (Pokoly 2006;Gînsac and Ungureanu 2018;Moscal 2018) reveals some similarities. The time when exonyms arose is similar in Romanian, around 1800, and in Hungarian the oldest systematic sources are from the beginning of the eighteenth century (the name Bees 'Vienna' appears as early as 1356). ...
This paper compares the beginnings of exonym standardization and some characteristics of the oldest exonyms in two similar Slavic languages, Croatian and Slovenian. It uses the comparative and exemplar methods. It is found that these processes were influenced by the sociopolitical environment of the time, especially language policies. It is shown that the nineteenth century was favorably inclined toward exonyms. They were often written inconsistently and unsystematically because there were no spelling norms for their writing and use. For some, the influences of foreign languages (German, Italian, etc.) are obvious. Numerous transitional forms also appeared, which did not become established.
Résumé
Qu’est-ce que les noms propres ? Sont-ils traduisibles ? Une réponse claire à ces deux questions semble préalable à toute tentative de traitement automatique des noms propres. Certains auteurs prétendent qu’ils sont intraduisibles, alors que la pratique prouve le contraire.
Divers critères tels que le genre textuel, le contexte historique, la langue source ou la nature ontologique du porteur jouent un rôle important dans la décision de modifier ou de conserver dans sa forme originale un nom propre.
preserves in translation the Latin and Greek endings, common in German, for example: Tyrus (Mil.germ., 82) -Tírus (Mil.rom., 112)
- Ioan Molnar Piuariu
- Speaker Of Latin
- German Hungarian
Ioan Molnar Piuariu, speaker of Latin, Hungarian and German, preserves in translation the Latin
and Greek endings, common in German, for example: Tyrus (Mil.germ., 82) -Tírus (Mil.rom.,
112), "Stadt Byblos" (Mil.germ., 82) -"cetatea Bíblos" (Mil.rom., 113), Ganges (Mil.germ., 128) -Gánghes (Mil.rom., 176), Delphos (Mil.germ., 200) -Délfos (Mil.rom., 149), Chersones (Mil.germ.,
206) -Hersonés (Mil.rom., 290), Eleusis (Mil.germ., 159) -Eleúsis (Mil.rom., 214), Artemisium
Crăiescul Praisesc a Direcției din Berlin Secretar-Expedítor și Mărirei Sale celui pre dreptate și moștenitoriu Craiu al Borúsiei Frídrih Vílhelm III închinată
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și moștenitoriu Craiu al Borúsiei Frídrih Vílhelm III închinată, iară acum întîiu pre Românie prefăcută și tipărită la Buda,
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Numele proprii în traducere
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Din istoria scrierii românești
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