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Latanoprost and minoxidil: comparative double-blind, placebo-controlled study for the treatment of hair loss

Authors:

Abstract

Introdução: A latanoprosta tem demonstrado potencial para o tratamento de queda de cabelos devido ao aumento da espessura e do comprimento dos cílios e hipertricose, observados com seu uso na área dos olhos. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da latanoprosta, isolada ou em associações, na redução da queda e/ou estimulando o crescimento de cabelos em pacientes portadores de eflúvio telógeno ou alopecia androgenética. Métodos: Estudo duplo-cego comparativo, durante 180 dias, entre seis grupos: G1: placebo G2: minoxidil 5%; G3: minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005%; G4: latanoprosta 0,005%; G5: minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,010%; G6: latanoprosta 0,010%. Foi feita a contagem em fototricograma do total e percentual de fios em fase anágena e telógena. Resultados: Houve melhora para os grupos G2 (total de fios e número de fios anágenos em D92 e D180), G3 (total de fios e número de fios anágenos em D242), G4 (total de fios em D182; número de fios anágenos em D92 e D182) e G5 (total de fios em D182; percentual de fios telógenos e anágenos e número de fios anágenos em D92 e D182). O Tratamento do G6 não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao placebo. Conclusões: Os tratamentos com minoxidil 5%, minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005%, latanoprosta 0,005%, minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,010% se mostraram eficazes no controle da queda e no aumento total de fios.
Surg Cosmet Dermatol. Rio de Janeiro v.10 n.1 jan-mar. 2018 p. 41-5.
Artigo
Original
Autores:
Leila David Bloch1
Cassiano Carlos Escudeiro 1
Fernanda Daud Sarruf 1
Neusa Yuriko Sakai Valente2
1 Setor de Pesquisa Clínica, Institu-
to de Pesquisa Clínica Integrada
(IPClin) – Jundiaí (SP), Brasil.
2 Departamento de Dermatopa-
tologia, Hospital do Servidor
Público Estadual de São Paulo,
Instituto de Assistência Médica
ao Servidor Público Estadual de
São Paulo (IAMSPE) – São Paulo
(SP), Brasil.
Correspondência para:
Leila David Bloch
Rua Dr. Leonardo Cavalcante, 314 -
Centro
13201 013 - Jundiaí - SP, Brasil
E-mail: leila@ipclin.com.br
Data de recebimento: 16/05/2017
Data de aprovação: 07/03/2018
Trabalho realizado em Instituto de
Pesquisa Clínica Integrada (IPClin) –
Jundiaí (SP), Brasil.
Suporte financeiro: O estudo
recebeu suporte financeiro da SM
Empreendimentos Farmacêuticos
Ltda / Fagron.
Conflito de interesse: Os autores
afirmam não possuir interesses
pessoais, comerciais, acadêmicos,
políticos ou financeiros neste
manuscrito.
Latanoprosta e minoxidil: Estudo duplo-
cego comparativo, placebo-controlado
no tratamento da queda de cabelos
Latanoprost and minoxidil: comparative double-blind,
placebo-controlled study for the treatment of hair loss
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/scd1984-8773.20181011015
RESU MO
Introdução: A latanoprosta tem demonstrado potencial para o tratamento de queda de
cabelos devido ao aumento da espessura e do comprimento dos cílios e hipertricose, ob-
servados com seu uso na área dos olhos.
Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da latanoprosta, isolada ou em associações, na redução da
queda e/ou estimulando o crescimento de cabelos em pacientes portadores de eflúvio
telógeno ou alopecia androgenética.
Métodos: Estudo duplo-cego comparativo, durante 180 dias, entre seis grupos: G1: place-
bo G2: minoxidil 5%; G3: minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005%; G4: latanoprosta 0,005%;
G5: minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,010%; G6: latanoprosta 0,010%. Foi feita a contagem
em fototricograma do total e percentual de fios em fase anágena e telógena.
Resultados: Houve melhora para os grupos G2 (total de fios e número de fios anágenos
em D92 e D180), G3 (total de fios e número de fios anágenos em D242), G4 (total de
fios em D182; número de fios anágenos em D92 e D182) e G5 (total de fios em D182;
percentual de fios telógenos e anágenos e número de fios anágenos em D92 e D182). O
Tratamento do G6 não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao placebo.
Conclusões: Os tratamentos com minoxidil 5%, minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005%,
latanoprosta 0,005%, minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,010% se mostraram eficazes no
controle da queda e no aumento total de fios.
Palavras-chave: Alopecia; Cabelo; Minoxidil
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Latanoprost has been shown to have potential for the treatment of hair loss evidenced by
increased thickness and length of eyelashes and hypertrichosis that can be observed when it is used in
the periorbital region.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of latanoprost, used isolatedly or in associations, for reducing
hair loss and/or stimulating its growth in patients bearers of telogen effluvium or androgenic alopecia.
Methods: A comparative, double-blind study was carried out during 180 days, with 6 groups: G1 -
placebo, G2 - 5% minoxidil, G3 - 5% minoxidil + 0.005% latanoprost, G4 - 0.005% latanoprost,
G5 - 5% minoxidil + 0.010% latanoprost, G6 - 0.010% latanoprost. The total and percentage
count of hair strands was carried out based on phototrichogram in the anagen and telogen phases.
Results: There was improvement in G2 (total number of hair strands, number of anagen strands in
D92 and D180), G3 (total number of hair strands and number of anagen hair strands in D242), G4
(total number of strands in D182, and number of anagen hair strands in D92 and D182), and G5
(total number of hair strands in D182, percentage of telogen and anagen hair strands and number of
anagen hair strands in D92 and D182). Treatment of G6 did not yield significant difference regarding
the placebo.
Conclusions: The treatments with 5% minoxidil, 5% minoxidil + 0.005% latanoprost, 0.005%
latanoprost, 5% minoxidil + 0.010% latanoprost were shown effective in controlling hair loss and in
increasing the total number of hair strands.
Keywords: Alopecia; Hair; Minoxidil
41
Foram incluídos 123 participantes, com 21 participantes
nos grupos G1, G2 e G3, e 20 participantes nos grupos G4, G5
e G6. Foi realizada a avaliação dermatológica inicial no momen-
to da inclusão dos participantes para verificação da ausência de
sinais clínicos iniciais incompatíveis com os critérios de inclusão
do estudo (D0).
Os critérios de inclusão foram: participantes saudáveis de
ambos os sexos, fototipo de I a IV, idade entre 20 e 55 anos,
presença de alopecia androgenética (graus de I a III em homens,
segundo a escala de Hamilton e de I a II em mulheres, segundo
a escala de Ludwig), pele íntegra na região do estudo (couro
cabeludo), hábito de lavar os cabelos ao menos três vezes por
semana e que não tivessem feito uso de nenhum produto para
crescimento capilar há pelo menos quatro semanas antes do iní-
cio do estudo.
Os critérios de não inclusão foram: presença de alopecia
cicatricial ou patologias concomitantes do couro cabeludo (in-
fecção, psoríase e dermatite seborreica importante); dermatite
atópica em atividade; alergia à categoria de produtos testada; gra-
videz ou lactação; candidatos transplantados renais, cardíacos ou
hepáticos, imunodeficiências, uso de corticosteroides, anti-his-
tamínicos, imunossupressores, retinoides ou anti-inflamatórios;
realização prévia de transplante capilar ou cirurgia de redução de
couro cabeludo; uso de minoxidil ou finasterida (orais ou tópi-
cos) nos seis meses antecedentes ao estudo; tratamentos com luz
de baixa energia, infravermelho ou laser nos seis meses antece-
dentes ao estudo; eritema solar na região de estudo ou previsão
de exposição solar intensa ou a lâmpadas UV durante o estudo e
uso de apliques nos cabelos, extensões capilares, peruca ou alisa-
mento nos três meses antecedentes ao estudo.
Procedimentos
Os produtos foram utilizados pelos próprios participan-
tes, em suas residências, de acordo com o seguinte modo de uso:
aplicação tópica diária no couro cabeludo limpo e seco, com as
pontas dos dedos. Os participantes foram orientados a lavar as
mãos logo após a aplicação do produto.
O tratamento teve duração total de seis meses (180 ± 4
dias) para todos os participantes menos para os do grupo G3,
cujo tratamento se estendeu por mais dois meses (240 ± 4 dias).
As avaliações clínicas dermatológicas de segurança foram
realizadas nos seguintes tempos experimentais: D0, D30, D60,
D90, D120, D150, D180, D210 e D240 (ou seja, no dia da visita
inicial e 30 ± 2, 60 ± 4, 90 ± 4, 120 ± 4, 150 ± 4, 180 ± 4, 210 ±
4 e 240 ± 4 dias após a visita inicial). Nesses mesmos tempos, os
participantes responderam a um questionário de sensibilização,
a respeito de possíveis sinais clínicos e sensações de desconforto
ocasionados pelo uso dos produtos investigados.
Para avaliar visualmente a eficácia dos produtos na pro-
moção de maior uniformidade e cobertura do couro cabelu-
do dos participantes, foram feitos registros de imagens macro
empregando-se câmera fotográfica (Canon® T3i), com con-
figurações da câmera, distância, fundo (azul) e iluminação pa-
dronizadas. As imagens foram capturadas nos seguintes tempos
INTRODUÇÃO
Entre as causas mais comuns de perda de cabelo, tanto em
homens quanto em mulheres, estão a alopecia androgenética e
o eflúvio telógeno. A alopecia androgenética é condição andró-
geno-dependente caracterizada pela miniaturização dos folículos
capilares, com encurtamento de tempo da fase anágena (fase ativa
de crescimento capilar) e aumento do tempo da fase telógena (fase
de “repouso”) a cada ciclo de desenvolvimento dos folículos ca-
pilares.1-4 O eflúvio telógeno caracteriza-se pelo aumento no nú-
mero de fios de cabelo em fase telógena e aumento no número de
fios de cabelo perdidos por dia, podendo estar associado a diversos
fatores, como deficiências nutricionais (zinco, ferro, ácidos graxos
essenciais, etc.), desordens endócrinas (tireoide, menopausa, etc.),
estresse e reações a medicamentos, entre outros.
Atualmente, não há variedade de opções disponíveis para
o tratamento da queda de cabelos, sendo o ninoxidil o único
tratamento aprovado pelo Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
para uso tópico. O minoxidil é agente vasodilatador original-
mente usado para o tratamento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica,
é empregado topicamente para o tratamento da alopecia andro-
genética em humanos.5
A latanoprosta é análoga à prostaglandina F2, usada para
o tratamento de glaucoma de ângulo aberto e hipertensão ocu-
lar. Esse ativo tem demonstrado potencial para o tratamento de
queda de cabelos devido aos efeitos colaterais observados com
seu uso em solução tópica para a área dos olhos, onde se desta-
cam o aumento da espessura e do comprimento dos cílios e a
hipertricose.6,7
Os mecanismos de ação desses ativos não estão totalmen-
te elucidados. O minoxidil parece agir estimulando os folículos
pilosos, principalmente os dormentes, prolongando a fase anáge-
na,5 enquanto a latanoprosta parece agir estimulando a fase aná-
gena, aumentando a conversão de pelos velus em pelos terminais.
O presente estudo teve como finalidade avaliar a eficá-
cia do minoxidil e da latanoprosta, isolados ou em associações,
e verificar se esses ativos são capazes de reduzir a queda e/ou
estimular o crescimento de cabelos em pacientes portadores de
alopecia androgenética e/ou eflúvio telógeno.
MÉTODOS
Desenho do estudo
Estudo duplo-cego comparativo entre seis diferentes
grupos de tratamento: G1: placebo − produto controle, sem
ativo; G2: loção tópica contendo o ativo minoxidil 5%; G3:
loção tópica contendo os ativos minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta
0,005%; G4: loção tópica contendo o ativo latanoprosta 0,005%;
G5: loção tópica contendo os ativos minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta
0,010%; G6: loção tópica contendo o ativo latanoprosta 0,010%.
A distribuição dos participantes nos grupos supracitados
foi realizada aleatoriamente.
Participantes da pesquisa
O estudo foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica
Integrada – IPclin (Jundiaí-SP). Antes de seu início o estudo foi
aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da mesma instituição.
42 Bloch LD, Escudeiro CC, Sarruf FD, Valente NYS
Surg Cosmet Dermatol. Rio de Janeiro v.10 n.1 jan-mar. 2018 p. 41-5.
Latanoprosta e minoxidil no tratamento da queda de cabelos 43
Surg Cosmet Dermatol. Rio de Janeiro v.10 n.1 jan-mar. 2018 p. 41-5.
experimentais: D0, D90 e D180. Para os participantes que re-
ceberam o tratamento minoxidil + latanoprosta 0,005% (G3), as
imagens também foram capturadas em D240.
Com o propósito de avaliar o crescimento dos fios e o
controle da queda, proporcionados pelo uso dos produtos in-
vestigados, de acordo com aumento do percentual de fios em
fase anágena, diminuição do percentual de fios na fase telógena
e do aumento do número total de fios na área experimental, fo-
ram realizadas análises de fototricograma. Para tal, imagens foram
capturadas com auxílio do equipamento Dermoscope® Dynamic
(FotoFinder Systems, Inc, Maryland, EUA) em condições padroni-
zadas, equipado com o software Trichoscale, que realiza a conta-
gem semiautomática do número de fios em cada fase do ciclo de
crescimento. Dados obtidos com o equipamento: número total
de fios; percentual de fios em fase anágena e percentual de fios
em fase telógena.
A captura das imagens foi realizada dois dias após os par-
ticipantes terem uma pequena área do couro cabeludo raspada.
Para a raspagem, foi selecionada uma área no couro cabeludo
(preferencialmente na região frontoparietal direita ou esquerda)
de aproximadamente 2cm2, a qual foi demarcada e raspada com
cortador elétrico, a favor do fio, tolerando-se o comprimento má-
ximo dos fios de 1mm. A obtenção de imagens foi realizada nos
seguintes tempos experimentais: D02, D92 e D182. Para os par-
ticipantes do G3, as imagens foram também capturadas em D242.
Os dados obtidos na análise por fototricograma foram
estatisticamente analisados com auxílio do software SPSS versão
17.0. Foi realizado o teste T com dados pareados para determi-
nar se houve diferença estatística entre os tempos de avaliação
(p-valor 0,05).
RESULTADOS
Dos 123 participantes incluídos no estudo, 98 finaliza-
ram e 25 desistiram por motivos pessoais não relacionados à
pesquisa, sendo três participantes do G1, quatro do G2, sete do
G3, quatro do G4, três do G5 e quatro do G6. A alta taxa de
desistência pode ser atribuída à duração prolongada do estudo.
O total de participantes que finalizaram o estudo para cada
tratamento foi: G1: 18 participantes; G2: 17 participantes; G3:
14 participantes; G4: 16 participantes; G5: 17 participantes e
G6: 16 participantes.
Nenhum participante relatou sensações de desconforto
atribuíveis aos tratamentos e não foram detectados sinais clínicos
no couro cabeludo após 30 ± 2, 60 ± 4, 90 ± 4, 120 ± 4, 150 ± 4,
180 ± 4, 210 ± 4 e 240 ± 4 dias de uso dos produtos. A avaliação
dos resultados dos questionários de sensibilização mostrou que
os produtos foram bem tolerados, não havendo sinais significa-
tivos de desconforto, coceira, descamação ou vermelhidão no
couro cabeludo durante o estudo.
Por meio da avaliação visual comparativa das imagens
macro, capturadas a cada tempo experimental, por tratamento,
não se pôde observar melhora visual para os tratamentos dos
grupos G1 e G6, após 90 ± 4 e 180 ± 4 dias de tratamento (res-
pectivamente D90 e D180), em relação à condição inicial (D0).
Já para os demais tratamentos, foi observada melhora visual para:
35% dos participantes do G2 (seis), 36% dos participantes do G3
(cinco), 19% dos participantes do G4 (três) e 6% dos participan-
tes do G5 (um), nos tempos D30, D60, D120 e D150, em relação
ao D0. As figuras 1 e 2 ilustram a melhora visual observada para
o tratamento com minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005%.
Com base nas análises comparativas, em relação ao D0,
dos parâmetros de fototricograma, foi observado: um aumen-
to no total de fios em D92, proporcionado pelo tratamento 2
(p-valor = 0,0010) e em D182 proporcionado pelo tratamento
2 (p-valor = 0,0026), pelo tratamento 4 (p-valor = 0,016) e pelo
tratamento 5 (p-valor=0,005). Já o tratamento 3 ocasionou o
aumento no total de fios em D242 (p-valor = 0,0025).
Com relação aos fios anágenos, foi constatado aumento
em D92, nos grupos que receberam os tratamentos 2 (p-valor
= 0,0005), 4 (p-valor = 0,024) e 5 (p-valor = 0,004) e também
em D182 para os mesmos tratamentos (tratamento 2: p-valor =
0,0003; tratamento 4: p-valor = 0,004; tratamento 5: p-valor =
0,0001), enquanto o tratamento 3 aumentou a quantidade de
fios anágenos após 242 dia de uso (D242) (p-valor = 0,001).
Nenhum dos seis tratamentos proporcionou redução sig-
nificativa na quantidade de fios telógenos.
Os gráficos 1, 2 e 3 apresentam o número total de fios, o
número de fios anágenos e o número de fios telógenos, respec-
tivamente, em cada tempo, por tratamento.
A figura 3 ilustra a análise de fototricograma nos diferen-
tes tempos (Tratamento com minoxidil 5%).
Figura 1: Imagem macro de participante do sexo feminino no tempo inicial
e nal (tratamento com minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005%)
Figura 2: Imagem macro de participante do sexo masculino no tempo ini-
cial e nal (tratamento com minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005%)
D00 D240
D00 D240
44 Bloch LD, Escudeiro CC, Sarruf FD, Valente NYS
Figura 3: Imagem para análise de fototricograma nos diferentes tempos
(tratamento com minoxidil 5%)
Gráfico 1: Número total de os, por tempo e por tratamento
Gráfico 2: Número de os anágenos, por tempo e por tratamento
Gráfico 3: Número de os telógenos, por tempo e por tratamento
DISCUSSÃO
Observando os resultados obtidos, o minoxidil 5% (G2)
proporcionou aumento significativo no total de fios e no total de
fios anágenos, já a partir dos primeiros 90 dias de aplicação. Re-
sultado superior ao observado anteriormente, em que aumento
da densidade total de fios só foi observada após 24 semanas de
aplicação do produto investigado.8 Em outra pesquisa, o aumen-
to foi relatado após 16 semanas.9
A latanoprosta 0,005% (G4) apresentou resultados um
pouco inferiores aos do minoxidil 5%, no aumento do número
total de fios e no total de fios anágenos após 180 dias de uso.
Por outro lado, a latanoprosta a 0,010% (G6) não gerou melhora
estatisticamente significativa, tendo resultados comparáveis aos
do placebo. Quando utilizada por um período prolongado e em
uma concentração maior, foram observados resultados mais efi-
cazes. No final de tratamento com duração de 24 semanas, em
concentração de 0,1%, a latanoprosta promoveu o aumento da
porcentagem de fios anágenos e diminuição na porcentagem de
fios telógenos.6
A associação dos dois tratamentos apresentou melhor de-
sempenho para a concentração de latanoprosta igual a 0,010%
(G5), a qual proporcionou aumento no número total de fios
após seis meses de tratamento, enquanto, quando utilizada a
0,005%, a latanoprosta associada ao minoxidil 5% (G3) só gerou
aumento no total de fios após oito meses de uso.
CONCLUSÃO
Nenhum participante relatou sensações de desconforto, e
não foram detectados sinais clínicos no couro cabeludo durante
o período do estudo.
A partir da avaliação de fototricograma pode-se concluir que:
O tratamento com a loção tópica de minoxidil 5%
aumentou o número total de fios e o número to-
tal de fios anágenos já nos primeiros três meses de
estudo (D92).
O tratamento com a loção tópica contendo os ativos
minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,005% só promoveu
aumento do número total de fios e o total de fios
anágenos oito meses de estudo (D242).
O tratamento com a loção tópica de latanoprosta
0,005% aumentou o número total de fios após seis
meses de tratamento (D182).
O tratamento com a loção tópica contendo os ati-
vos minoxidil 5% + latanoprosta 0,010%) aumen-
tou o número total de fios após seis meses de tra-
tamento (D182).
O tratamento com a loção tópica de latanoprosta 0,010%
não apresentou diferença significativa, em relação ao placebo. l
Surg Cosmet Dermatol. Rio de Janeiro v.10 n.1 jan-mar. 2018 p. 41-5.
D02 D92 D182
Latanoprosta e minoxidil no tratamento da queda de cabelos 45
Surg Cosmet Dermatol. Rio de Janeiro v.10 n.1 jan-mar. 2018 p. 41-5.
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CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS AUTORES:
Leila David Bloch | 0000-0001-9596-9583
Suporte clínico durante a condução do estudo e redação do texto
Cassiano Carlos Escudeiro | 0000-0001-6637-3430
Supervisão da condução e desenvolvimento do estudo e conferência do texto final do artigo
Fernanda Daud Sarruf | 0000-0003-4454-6323
Coordenação do estudo, análise dos resultados e elaboração do artigo
Neusa Yur iko Sakai Valente | 0000-0002-8065-269
Conferência do texto final do artigo
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the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Am Acad Dermatol.
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... The groups who received latanoprost 0.005 % (G4) and a combination of minoxidil 5% + latanoprost 0.01% (G5) acheived a significant improvement in the total number of hair strands and anagen follicles. However, the group who applied latanoprost 0.01 % alone, did not show significant difference compared to the placebo group (12). This original study did not available in English, so we did not any access to discussion of the authors about why they did not see any efficacy by latanoprost 0.01% but did with 0.005 % that may be related to some probable bias in sampling which we can not discuss more. ...
... It seems that Latanoprost can be an efficient agent in treatment of different types of scalp alopecia. Bimatoprost and Travoprost have been approved to be more beneficial in the treatment of scalp and eyelash alopecia (12,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(37)(38)(39)(40), although in this review we focused mainly on Latanaoprost since it is more accessible, cost-effective and available in some commercial medications forms that may be used in that form for dermatologic disorders too. The authors of this study have worked on various forms of alopecia and the novel and most recent proposed therapies in this regard (46)(47)(48)(49) and now in this comprehensive review we focused on prostaglandin F analogues as a hot topic in dermatology in the field of alopecia. ...
Article
Background: Alopecia is a common condition among males and females in all age groups. There are many treatment options with their own benefits and side effects. In some cases, the current treatments lack sufficient efficacy. Therefore, there is a need to probe for alternative treatments. Recently, latanoprost has been suggested as an effective therapeutic option for managing scalp baldness. Objectives : To review latanoprost effects in different types of scalp alopecia. Data sources: Scopus and Pubmed database Eligibility criteria and Methods: In this review, we included the studies evaluating effects of latanoprost in different types of scalp alopecia including androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata in the English literature. Results: There were promising results for latanoprost application in animal models of androgenic alopecia. Effects of latanoprost on human scalp alopecia were satisfying in mostof the studies. In alopecia areata of the eyelash, some studies observed remarkable improvement, while others didn't notice significant changes. One study suggested that latanoprost could be used as an effective adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids in alopecia areata of the scalp. Conclusion : It seems that latanoprost can be an efficient agent in the treatment of alopecia areata of scalp.
... The groups who received latanoprost 0.005 % (G4) and a combination of minoxidil 5% + latanoprost 0.01% (G5) acheived a significant improvement in the total number of hair strands and anagen follicles. However, the group who applied latanoprost 0.01 % alone, did not show significant difference compared to the placebo group (12). This original study did not available in English, so we did not any access to discussion of the authors about why they did not see any efficacy by latanoprost 0.01% but did with 0.005 % that may be related to some probable bias in sampling which we can not discuss more. ...
... It seems that Latanoprost can be an efficient agent in treatment of different types of scalp alopecia. Bimatoprost and Travoprost have been approved to be more beneficial in the treatment of scalp and eyelash alopecia (12,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(37)(38)(39)(40), although in this review we focused mainly on Latanaoprost since it is more accessible, cost-effective and available in some commercial medications forms that may be used in that form for dermatologic disorders too. The authors of this study have worked on various forms of alopecia and the novel and most recent proposed therapies in this regard (46)(47)(48)(49) and now in this comprehensive review we focused on prostaglandin F analogues as a hot topic in dermatology in the field of alopecia. ...
Article
Full-text available
ABSTRACT Background: Alopecia is a common condition among males and females in all age groups. There are many treatment options with their own benefits and side effects. In some cases, the current treatments lack sufficient efficacy. Therefore, there is a need to probe for alternative treatments. Recently, latanoprost has been suggested as an effective therapeutic option for managing scalp baldness. Objectives : To review latanoprost effects in different types of scalp alopecia. Data sources: Scopus and Pubmed data-base Eligibility criteria and Methods: In this review, we included the studies evaluating effects of latanoprost in different types of scalp alopecia including androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata in the English literature. Results: There were promising results for latanoprost application in animal models of androgenic alopecia. Effects of latanoprost on human scalp alopecia were satisfying in mostof the studies. In alopecia areata of the eyelash, some studies observed remarkable improvement, while others didn’t notice significant changes. One study suggested that latanoprost could be used as an effective adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids in alopecia areata of the scalp. Conclusion : It seems that latanoprost can be an efficient agent in the treatment of alopecia areata of scalp. Key words: Prostaglandin F, Latanoprost, Alopecia areata, Androgenic alopecia, Prostaglandin analog, Bimatoprost, Alopecia, Review
... Consequently, attempts have been invested to attain improved outcomes using different combinations of the drugs to treat AGA. Such combinations are topical Finasteride + topical Minoxidil20-23 and topical Latanoprost + topical Minoxidil [24]. The data from those studies clearly demonstrated that the combination regimen was superior to either of the monotherapies. ...
Article
Full-text available
ntroduction: Hair loss can reduce body image satisfaction, leading to fear of social rejection and a perception of losing social attractiveness. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hair loss condition that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp. Current treatment options for AGA include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved topical Minoxidil and oral Finasteride. In addition, many therapies have been suggested for the treatment of AGA, however the outcomes of those treatments vary widely, with limited or no satisfaction being reported. The Triple Hair Inc. company designed the TH07 formula, which contains 3 drugs that have already demonstrated their ability to induce hair re-growth, while still being safe in animal models and human clinical trials. The goal of the current trial was to evaluate the satisfaction of AGA patients with the TH07 treatment.
... A alopecia androgenética é uma condição andrógeno-dependente caracterizada pela miniaturização dos folículos, com um encurtamento da fase anágena e um aumento da fase telógena no ciclo de desenvolvimento capilar. [1][2][3] Existe uma busca cada vez maior da indústria farmacêutica pelo desenvolvimento de novas terapias capilares para tratar os pacientes acometidos com perda capilar, o que torna necessárias pesquisas e metodologias para comparar essas terapias de modo a oferecer maior eficácia no tratamento para os pacientes. ...
Article
Full-text available
Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia impacts patients psychologically. Androgenetic alopecia is an androgen-dependent condition characterized by hair follicles miniaturization, shortened anagen phase, and prolonged telogen phase. The increasing search for hair therapies to improve this condition leads to the need for robust methods to compare the effectiveness of treatments, such as standardized photographs and clinical evaluation. Objective: This study comparatively assessed the efficacy of intradermotherapy associated or not with microneedling and application of sterile topical solution whose active components are Octapeptide-2, Copper tripeptide-1, Chondrus crispus extract, and Silanediol salicylate. Methods: Standardized photographs and patients’ clinical findings were compared per experimental group in a blind and paired manner by dermatologists, with attribution of scores referring to hair loss improvement. Results: The group treated with the therapeutic association obtained better results than the group treated with intradermotherapy alone (control), with 70% of patients showing improvement scores against 54%. There was a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups. Conclusion: The therapeutic association of intradermotherapy with microneedling followed by topic treatment was significantly more effective in improving male hair loss compared to control.
... 26 Notably, in a clinical trial in which 123 patients were treated with Minoxidil, LAT, and Minoxidil + LAT combinations, they found greater efficacy with Minoxidil and LAT treatments administered separately rather than combined. 27 The canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathways are activated by multiple mitogens and regulate cell proliferation in various cell types with keratinocytes being no exception. 28,29 In vitro assays have demonstrated that proliferative HaCaT cells present activated MAPK and/or PI3K pathways depending on the treatment. ...
Article
Full-text available
Latanoprost (LAT) has been shown to have a hypertrichotic effect, which makes it a promising candidate for alopecia treatments. For the first time, LAT has been encapsulated in nanotransfersomes in order to increase its efficacy. Ex vivo skin biodistribution was studied by confocal laser microscopy both in human scalp and pig skin. Results showed that nanotransfersomes increase the penetration of two different fluorochromes, with similar patterns in both species, compared with fluorochrome solutions containing no nanotransfersomes. Nanotransfersomes were stable under accelerated conditions (40 °C/75% RH) and long-term conditions (25 °C/60% RH) for up to 1 year, with no differences in vesicle size and polydispersity when LAT was loaded. Nanotransfersomes increased the LAT cell proliferation effect in HaCaT cell via MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results demonstrate LAT-nanotransfersomes formulation could be a promising therapy for hair growth disorders.
... In this sense, recent discoveries have shown that some eye drops containing prostaglandin F2 alpha analogs for glaucoma treatment increase the growth of the patient's eyelashes (15,16). Latanoprost is one of those substances that has shown through clinical studies to significantly increase the capillary density of bald patients (17)(18)(19). Despite these encouraging-related results, there is still no commercial products containing this drug for alopecia treatment. ...
Article
Latanoprost has recently been used to treat alopecia as it causes an increase in the capillary density of patients. This work presents for the first time the development of polymeric nanocapsules containing latanoprost for the topical treatment of alopecia. Poly-ε-caprolactone nanocapsules loading latanoprost were developed by nanoprecipitation of the polymer on the surface of drug oily nanodroplets. The method encapsulated 93.9 ± 0.4% of the drug into nanocapsules of 197.8 (± 1.2) nm (PdI = 0.15 ± 0.01). The nanosystem presented a zeta potential equal to − 30.1 ± 1.8 mV and was stable for at least 90 days when stored at 6°C. The colloidal aqueous dispersion was non-irritating, according to the in vitro HET-CAM test. The nanocapsules improved latanoprost accumulation into the hair follicles when topically applied on porcine skin, delivering 30% more drug to these skin structures relative to the control solution (P < 0.05). Also, with a simple manual massage, latanoprost accumulation was increased by twofold (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in addition to being a stable and safe formulation, nanocapsules enhanced latanoprost accumulation into the hair follicles, being a nanosystem with high potential for use as a topical formulation for the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
... This molecule, initially used for the treatment of glaucoma, had the side effect of hair growth on the eyelashes. Since then, some studies have proposed its use for the topical treatment of alopecia in the scalp [4,5]. Still, considering that latanoprost seems to stimulate the proliferation of the keratinocytes located in the follicular structure [6], and minoxidil promotes vasodilation mediated by the opening of potassium channels [7], managing alopecia with the association of these two drugs in an unique topical formulation is a promising proposal. ...
Article
The association of minoxidil sulphate and latanoprost is currently emerging as a promising strategy for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, which is the most common type of scalp hair loss. In order to support the development of new pharmaceutical products containing such drugs combination, this study proposes a simple and efficient LC-MS bioanalytical method to simultaneously quantify minoxidil sulphate and latanoprost in different skin layers. Compounds separation was performed by liquid chromatography using a C18 column with gradient elution of a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min⁻¹. Determinations were executed using mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI interface operating in a positive ionization mode. Quantification was performed using selective ion mode monitoring of m/z 210.1 for minoxidil sulphate and 433.3 for latanoprost. The matrix effect was very pronounced in samples containing some skin layers or electrolyte solution. Accordingly, a calibration curve for each contaminant group was built, leading to correlation coefficient values higher than 0.99. Additionally, lower limits of detection and quantification were obtained, and precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) achieved results with a coefficient of variation less than 15%. Drug recovery from skin samples was higher than 70%, fulfilling the recommendations. Also, the bioanalytical method was successfully tested in in vitro skin penetration studies proving its effectiveness in the development of topical formulations containing both drugs.
Article
Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is quite common and worsens with age, with a significant impact on quality of life, and is increasingly a reason for consultation with a dermatologist. The etiopathogenesis of MAA is multifactorial and genetic and hormonal influences stand out. MAA starts with the process of follicular miniaturization in diverse phenotypic patterns. The diagnosis of MAA is basically clinical and currently corroborated by well-established trichoscopic findings. Despite this, therapeutic options are limited, especially when one considers medications with a high level of scientific evidence. This review aims to help the general dermatologist towards a better understanding of MAA providing a basis for good individualized and judicious therapeutic decisions.
Article
Objectives Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is common among men. Currently, topical minoxidil and oral finasteride are approved by the FDA for the treatment of AGA. Unfortunately, neither of them is completely effective and systemic adverse events have been reported after finasteride administration. Triple Hair Inc. has developed a new topical treatment regimen using a combination of finasteride, latanoprost and minoxidil – TH07. Each of the compounds was effective and safe as a topical treatment in animal models and clinical studies of AGA. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the TH07 in comparison to the 3 drugs as monotherapy on hair growth in men with AGA. Methods Patients with light to moderate AGA were randomized to be treated topically, once daily, for 6 months with TH07, 0.1% finasteride, 0.03% latanoprost, or 5% minoxidil. Data of investigators’ assessment based on pictures, as well as patients’ self-assessment and satisfaction, were collected. Results A moderate hair re-growth in the majority of the participant treated with TH07 in comparison to the retreatment with its active components administered as monotherapy was reported by the investigators. Most of the patients treated with TH07 were satisfied with their hair appearance in comparison to the other treatments. No systemic adverse events were reported and the TH07 was well tolerated. Conclusions The data of the current study demonstrated that the topical administration of TH07 resulted in an improved efficacy in the treatment of the AGA compared to treatment with each of the ingredients administered separately.
Article
The hair follicle (HF) is a multicellular complex structure of the skin that contains a reservoir of multipotent stem cells. Traditional hair repair methods such as drug therapies, hair transplantation, and stem cell therapy have limitations. Advances in nanotechnology offer new approaches for HF regeneration, including controlled drug release and HF-specific targeting. Until recently, embryogenesis was thought to be the only mechanism for forming hair follicles. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) or de novo HF regeneration has gained attention as it can occur under certain conditions in wound beds. This review covers HF-specific targeting strategies, with particular emphasis on currently used nanotechnology-based strategies for both hair loss-related diseases and HF regeneration. HF regeneration is discussed in several modalities: modulation of the hair cycle, stimulation of progenitor cells and signaling pathways, tissue engineering, WIHN, and gene therapy. The HF has been identified as an ideal target for nanotechnology-based strategies for hair regeneration. However, some regulatory challenges may delay the development of HF regeneration nanotechnology based-strategies, which will be lastly discussed.
Article
Androgenetic alopecia affects both men and women. In men it produces male pattern hair loss with bitemporal recession and vertex baldness. In women it produces female pattern hair loss (FPHL) with diffuse alopecia over the mid-frontal scalp. FPHL occurs as a result of nonuniform hair follicle miniaturization within follicular units. Diffuse alopecia is produced by a reduction in the number of terminal fibres per follicular unit. Baldness occurs only when all hairs within the follicular units are miniaturized and is a relatively late event in women. The concepts of follicular units and primary and secondary hair follicles within follicular units are well established in comparative mammalian studies, particularly in sheep. However, discovery of these structures in the human scalp hair and investigation of the changes in follicular unit anatomy during the development of androgenetic alopecia have provided a clearer understanding of the early stages of androgenetic alopecia and how the male and female patterns of hair loss are related. FPHL is the most common cause of alopecia in women and approximately one-third of adult caucasian women experience hair loss. The impact of FPHL is predominantly psychological. While men anticipate age-related hair loss, hair loss in women is usually unexpected and unwelcome at any age. Treatment options to arrest hair loss progression and stimulate partial hair regrowth for FPHL include the androgen receptor antagonists spironolactone and cyproterone acetate, the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride and the androgen-independent hair growth stimulator minoxidil. These treatments appear to work best when initiated early. Hair transplantation should be considered in advanced FPHL that is resistant to medical treatments. Hair transplantation requires well-preserved hair growth over the occipital donor area. The psychological impact of FPHL may also be reduced by cosmetic products that improve the appearance of the hair. These agents work to minimize hair fibre breakage, improve hair volume or conceal visible bald scalp.
Article
Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analogue used to treat glaucoma. It can cause adverse effects, such as iridial and periocular hyperpigmentation, and eyelash changes including pigmentation and increased thickness, length, and number. Latanoprost has been used to treat eyelash alopecia, but knowledge on its effects on human scalp hair growth is not available. The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy of latanoprost on hair growth and pigmentation. The secondary objectives were to assess the effect on scalp pigmentation; investigate the treatment duration needed to affect hair growth, hair pigmentation, and scalp pigmentation; and assess safety of latanoprost. Sixteen men with mild androgenetic alopecia (Hamilton II-III) were included. Latanoprost 0.1% and placebo were applied daily for 24 weeks on two minizones on the scalp. Measurements on hair growth, density, diameter, pigmentation, and anagen/telogen ratio were performed throughout the study. At 24 weeks, an increased hair density on the latanoprost-treated site was observed compared with baseline (n = 16, P < .001) and placebo-treated site (P = .0004). Only young men with mild androgenetic alopecia were included. The results may not be applicable to other patient groups. Choice of investigational site may have affected the results. Latanoprost significantly increased hair density (terminal and vellus hairs) at 24 weeks compared with baseline and the placebo-treated area. Latanoprost could be useful in stimulating hair follicle activity and treating hair loss.
Article
Although twice-daily application of propylene glycol-containing 2% minoxidil topical solution (MTS) stimulates new hair growth, higher concentrations of minoxidil in a once-daily, propylene glycol-free formulation may improve efficacy and reduce unpleasant side effects. We sought to compare the efficacy, safety, and acceptability and to show noninferiority of once-daily 5% minoxidil topical foam (MTF) with twice-daily 2% MTS in women with androgenetic alopecia. A total of 113 women with androgenetic alopecia were randomized to 24 weeks of treatment with 5% MTF or 2% MTS. The primary efficacy parameter was change from baseline in nonvellus target area hair count at week 24. Secondary end points included change in nonvellus target area hair width, overall efficacy by global photographic review as assessed by treatment-blinded evaluators and the subject herself, adverse events, and participants' assessment of product aesthetics. After 24 weeks, women randomized to 5% MTF once daily showed noninferior target area hair count and target area hair width and experienced greater, but nonsignificant, improvements in target area hair count, target area hair width, and overall efficacy by global photographic review than those randomized to 2% MTS used twice daily. 5% MTF was significantly superior to 2% MTS in participants' agreement with "the treatment does not interfere with styling my hair" (P = .002). Women randomized to 5% MTF experienced significantly lower rates of local intolerance (P = .046) especially in pruritus and dandruff compared with 2% MTS. Because of differences in the formulations tested, study participants were not blinded to treatment. Once-daily 5% MTF is noninferior and as effective for stimulating hair growth as twice-daily 2% MTS in women with androgenetic alopecia and is associated with several aesthetic and practical advantages.
Article
Latanoprost and isopropyl unoprostone, which are analogues of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), are promising drugs for the reduction of intra-ocular pressure. However, they have been reported to have side effects, including hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation of the eyelashes and periocular skin, and occasionally poliosis. In order to investigate these effects further, PGF2alpha, latanoprost and isopropyl unoprostone were applied to the dorsal skin of 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice, and hair length was measured during the treatment. The three molecules all showed stimulatory effects on the murine hair follicles and the follicular melanocytes in both the telogen and anagen stages, and stimulated conversion from the telogen to the anagen phase. PGE2 is known to act synergistically with PGF2alpha, and hence the influence of PGE2 was also examined. PGE2 did not induce distinct telogen-to-anagen conversion, but showed moderate growth stimulatory effects on early anagen hair follicles. In addition, we observed a case of hypertrichosis and trichomegaly with an excess of melanogenesis, leading to the emergence of white hair, suggesting that poliosis can occur as a side effect of eye treatment with solutions of PGF2alpha analogues. The stimulatory effects of PGF2alpha and PGE2 on hair growth have been discussed with regard to the role of protein kinase C and mast cells.
Article
An alternative to currently marketed topical minoxidil solutions is desirable. To assess the efficacy and safety of a new 5% minoxidil topical formulation in a propylene glycol-free foam vehicle in men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). This was a 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5% minoxidil topical foam (MTF) in 352 men, 18 to 49 years old. At week 16, 143 subjects continued on an open-label phase to collect 52 weeks of safety information on 5% MTF. At week 16 compared with baseline, there was a statistically significant increase in (1) hair counts in the 5% MTF group versus placebo (P < .0001) and (2) subjective assessment of improved hair loss condition (P < .0001) in the 5% MTF group versus placebo. The 5% MTF was well tolerated over a 52-week period. There was no collection of efficacy data beyond 16 weeks. We believe that 5% MTF is a safe and effective treatment for men with AGA.
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