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SURICATA 3 (2017) a
SURICATA 3 (2017) b
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
Pretoria
2017
SURICATA 3
Isiqondiso Sasefilidini Sezilimi Ezimbili
Ngamaxoxo
AkwelaKwaZulu
Abalobi:
Fortunate M. Phaka1
Edward C. Netherlands1,2
Donnavan J.D. Kruger3
&
Louis H. du Preez1,4
1 Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West
University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
2 Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University
of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
3 School for Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, North-
West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
4 South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street,
Grahamstown 6139
OKUPHAKATHI
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
SURICATA 3 (2017) ii
Elithi Suricata yigama le-genus yobubhibhi, obutholakala cishe kuphela ezingxenyeni eziwugwadule
ezisentshonalanga ye-Afrika eseningizimu (eNamibia, eNingizimu Afrika, eBotswana; nasekungeneni
kancanyana echosheni eliseningizimu le-Angola). Ngokwendlela aziphatha ngayo, ama-suricate ahlala
ngamaqembu futhi ngokwemvelo ungathi ahlala efuna ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani, okufakazela kahle
ukuzimisela kwe-South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) ukuba ihlanganise zonke izinhlobo
zezinto eziphilayo futhi isebenzele i-Afrika yonkana, kanye nalelo lukuluku elingokwesayensi elihambela
phambili futhi lishukumise ucwaningo nokushicilelwa kwemiphumela yocwaningo. Iphephabhuku elihlobene
ne-Strelitzia ye-SANBI, i-Suricat a yiphephabhuku elibukezwe ngontanga futhi lishicilela ucwaningo
olwenziwe mathupha njengamamonografu (monographs), imisebenzi yokubukeza, izinhla zokuhlola, ama-
Red List, ama-Atlas, nezilwane zanoma maphi ama-taxon aku-Regnum Animalia (uMkhakha Wezilwane).
Abalobi Fortunate M. Phaka, Edward C. Netherlands, Donnavan J.D. Kruger
& Louis H. du Preez
Umhleli Wezesayensi: Yolande Steenkamp
Umhleli Technical Editor (English): Yolande Steenkamp
Umhumushi (isiZulu): Manzo Khulu
Umfundisisi (English): Alicia Grobler
Umklamo Nondlaleko: Elizma Fouché
Izithombe esembozweni ngemuva: Edward C. Netherlands
ISBN: 978-1-928224-19-8
Itholakala e-: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
Ucingo.: +27 12 843 5000
I-email: bookshop@sanbi.org.za
I-website: www.sanbi.org
Inyatheliswe yi-: United Litho, 19 Beaufort Street, Troyville, Johannesburg, 2139 South Africa;
tel no.: +27 11 402 0571
Ilungelo lokupisha © 2017 ngele-South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Onke amalungelo agodliwe. Akukho ngxenye yaleli bhuku okuvunyelwe ukuba ikhiqizwe busha
ikunoma siphi isimo ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe yabanini belungelo lokukopisha. Imibono
nezimvo okuveziwe kungenzeka kwehluke kokwe-SANBI. Abalobi nomshicileli benze yonke im-
izamo ekulungiseleleni leli bhuku, futhi abenzi kuzisholo nasiqinisekiso kwanoma luphi uhlobo
ngokuphathelene nokuphelela noma ukunemba kwaloko elikuqukethe. Yonke imifanekiso ekuleli
bhuku ikhiqizwe busha ngolwazi lwabadwebi abaphathelene nangemvume yabo etholakale kuqa-
la futhi umshicileli noma umnyathelisi akemukeli sibopho nganoma kuphi ukwephulwa kwelun-
gelo lokukopisha noma okunye okunjalo okungase kuvele ngaloko okuqukethwe yileli bhuku.
Kwenziwe wonke umzamo wokuthi onke amakredithi ahambisane ngokunembile nokwaziswa
okunikwe ngabalobi.
SURICATA
Ingcaphuno Etuswayo: Phaka, F.M., Netherlands, E.C., Kruger, D.J.D. & Du Preez,
L.H. 2017. Isiqondiso Sasefilidini Esindimimbili Ngamaxoxo AkwelaKwaZulu.
Suricata 3. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) iii
ISANDULELO
Ngokujwayelekile abantu bazi okuncane ngamaxoxo futhi bawaqonda ngokungeyiko; nokho
aphakathi kwamalungu abalulekile emkhakheni wezilwane. Lezi zidalwa ezingenangozi
zimibalabala futhi zithanda ukuhlabelela njengezinyoni kanti seziphile zawadlula ama-dinosaur,
kodwa njengamanje zisengcupheni yokushabalala. Ubukhona nokungabikho kwamaxoxo
kungasitshela lukhulu ngendawo ezungezile kanti ubukhona bawo bubaluleke kakhulu
ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zemvelo zokusebenzisana kwezinto eziphilayo ezakhelene. Amaxoxo
ayiqembu lezilwane elingajwayelekile njengoba ehlala ezindaweni ezimbili ezingafani: amanzi
nomhlaba owomile. Ukungajwayeleki kwawo yiko okuwenza abaluleke; nokho ngeshwa yiko futhi
okunesandla ekuqondweni kwawo kabi.
Leli bhuku liyisingeniso engxoxweni ngamaxoxo atholakala KwaZulu, isifunda esiyingxenye
esenyakatho yesifundazwe saKwaZulu-Natali eNingizimu Afrika. Lihloselwe ukwandisa ulwazi
ngamaxoxo kubantu baKwaZulu ngokusebenzisa izilimi ezimbili okuyizona zikhulunywa kabanzi
kulesi sifunda. Ukubhalwa kwaleli bhuku bekungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqonda indlela
abantu abawabheka ngayo amaxoxo kanye nokwazi ukuthi yimaphi amaxoxo atholakala kulesi
sifunda. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, abantu baKwaZulu bebelokhu besamukela futhi bemagange
ngokusicobelela ngezindaba zabo zamaxoxo futhi baye basiza ngocwaningo nomaphi lapho
kunokwenzeka khona. Ngaloko sibonga siyangcongcoza.
Bekungenakwenzeka ukushicilelwa nokusazakazwa kwaleli bhuku ngaphandle kwezinhlangano
eziye zakholelwa ekuthini umbono wethu wokulondoloza ukwazi ukwethulwa kubo bonke abantu.
Sithanda ukubonga lezi zinhlangano ezilandelayo ngoxhaso lwazo nokuba nokholo kuloko esikwazi
ukukwenza.
• Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme Forum.
• National Research Foundation.
• INyuvesi YaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga (ikhempasi yasePotchefstroom).
• South African National Biodiversity Institute.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) iv
OKUPHAKATHI
Ukubonga ....................................................... v
Isingeniso Ngezimfibiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
KwaZulu-Natali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Amaxoxo akwelaKwaZulu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Isakheko kanye Nomsebenzi ...................................... 6
Amaxoxo Nohlelo Lokusebenzisana Kwezinto Zemvelo Ezakhelene Endaweni Yethu ..
8
Amaxoxo Nabantu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Leli Bhuku ................................... 10
Ukuchazwa Kwezinhlobo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Uchazomazwi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Okunye Okunokufundwa ............................................. 80
Amareferensi ..................................................... 81
Abalobi ......................................................... 82
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) v
UKUBONGA
Ababhali bafisa ukubonga laba abalandelayo ngosizo lwabo:
Vincent Carruthers, Linda de Jager, Cathariné Hanekom, Dex Kotze, Leonard Muller, Tlou Maria
Phaka, Johan Schutte (Graphikos), Jeanne Tarrant, Mandla Tembe, Bongani Mkhize, Koos Janse
van Vuuren; African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Ndumo
Game Reserve, Tembe Elephant Park ne Youth 4 African Wildlife.
Ezinye zezithombe ezithwetshuliwe ezifakwe kuleli bhuku zinikelwe ngomusa yilaba abalandelayo:
Marius Burger, Vincent Carruthers, Ina de Koker.
Okhiye abafakwe umbala bokubonisa indawo yamaxoxo yokuhlala basetshenziswe ngemvume
yomusa ye-Endangered Wildlife Trust.
Amagama athile esiZulu asetshenziswé lapha athathwé noma kokunye akhiwé ethathelwa
ebhukwini elithi: My First Book of Southern African Frogs (Jeanne Tarrant). Amanye amagama
akhiwe ngosizo lukaBongani Mkhize. Ukupelwa kwala mazwi nohlelo lolimi lwawo kuhlolwe
wuManzo Khulu.
Ucwaningo olukuleli bhuku lwakhokhelwa ngomusa yi-: South African National Biodiversity
Institute (SANBI), National Research Foundation & Foundational Biodiversity Information
Programme (Grant UID 98144).
Izindleko zokushicilela zakhokhelwa ngomusa yi-South African National Biodiversity Institute.
Izindleko zokuhumusha leli bhuku kususelwa esiNgisini kuya esiZulwini zakhokhelwa ngomusa
yiNyuvesi YaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, ikhempasi yase-Potchefstroom (Unit of Environmental
Sciences and Management).
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 1
ISINGENISO NGEZIMFIBIYA
Izimfibiya yizilwane ezinezigaba ezimbili ezicacile emjikelezweni wazo wokuphila, okuwukuthi
isigaba sobushobishobi, esichithwa ikakhulu emanzini kuze kube yilapho zishintsha ngokuphelele
zingene esigabeni sobudala, sona esichithwa ikakhulu emhlabeni owomile. Kukhona izinhlobo
ezimbalwa zezimfibiya ezichitha isigaba sazo sobudala emanzini nokho ezikwaziyo ukuphila
nasemhlabeni owomile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona amaqembu ambalwa angangeni nhlobo
emanzini kodwa aphila konke ukuphila kwawo emhlabathini owomile. Zonke izimfibiya zizalela
amaqanda angenawo amagobolondo futhi amaqanda azo alumbaniselwa ngaphandle komzimba.
Izimfibiya zihlukaniswa amaqembu amathathu: izimfibiya ezisazibankwa ezinemilenze nemikhono
okulinganayo ngobude kanye nomsila omude zibizwa ngokuthi ama-salamander; izimfibiya
ezingenamilenze ezihlala ngaphansi komhlaba ezisamacimbi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-caecilian;
kanye nezimfibiya ezingenamsila ezinemilenze yangemuva enamandla ezibizwa ngokuthi amaxoxo.
Kula maqembu amathathu ezimfibiya ngamaxoxo kuphela atholakala e-Afrika eseningizimu. Uma
sikhuluma ngamaxoxo sibala namasele njengoba nawo awuhlobo olufanayo lwemfibiya. Abantu
bavame ngokuyiphutha ukwehlukanisa amasele kwamanye amaxoxo ngokubheka ubukhulu
nokubukeka kanti empeleni nawo angamaxoxo oqobo.
Ukukhula kwexoxo kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: iqanda, unoshobishobi (isigaba
esingakaqedi ukukhula noma sobunhlava), kanye nexoxo eselikhule laqeda. Eziningi izinhlobo
zamaxoxo zizalela amaqanda azo emanzini noma eduze kwawo. La maqanda alumbaniswa
ngokushesha emva kokuzalelwa kwawo. Ngokujwayelekile, amaqanda alumbanisiwe athatha
Umjikelezo wokuphila wexoxo.
Marius Burger
Les Minter
Chris Stuart
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 2
izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuba akhule futhi achamusele onoshobishobi ngokuyinhloko abahlala
emanzini. Onoshobishobi bahlala futhi bathole ukudla emanzini amaviki ambalwa noma izinyanga
njengoba kancane kancane beveza izici zokuba ngamaxoxo asekhulile. Lapho sesidlulile lesi
sikhathi sokukhula onoshobishobi laba bashintsha ngokuphelele baqale ukubukeka njengamaxoxo
asekhulile. Kulesi sigaba imisila yabo iya ngokuba mifishane ize iphele. Ngokujwayelekile, amaxoxo
asekhulile abe esephumela emhlabathini owomile lapho kunomswakama omningi khona, futhi
abuyele emanzini ukuze ayozala bese kuqala futhi isiyingi sokuphila.
Amaxoxo athile awawazaleleli emanzini amaqanda awo. Amaqanda awo azalelelwa ezindaweni
ezilunama njengangaphansi komhlaba noma phezu kwezimila, futhi onoshobishobi baqeda
ukukhula kwabo phakathi kweqanda baphume bengamaxoxo amancane abukeka njengasekhulile.
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinhlobo zamaxoxo zitholakala kude namanzi.
Iningi labantu liyakwazi ukubukeka okujwayelekile kwamaxoxo, futhi uma ebukelwa kude
angase abonakale efana onke, kodwa uma ebhekisiswa eduze umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo
zawo uba sobala. Ubukhulu bungomunye umehluko obonakala kalula phakathi kwezinhlobo
ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, elinye lamaxoxo amakhulu kakhulu KwaZulu yiNkunzi Yexoxo
(bullfrog) (Pyxicephalus edulis), elikhudlwana kunentende yesandla somuntu, kanti elinye
Amaxoxo athile azalela kude namanzi: a, Usomagwebu Waseningizimu; b, Isinana Sehlathi.
a
b
Les Minter
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 3
kwamancane kakhulu iSele Elifishane Lasechibini (Phrynobatrachus mababiensis), ngobukhulu
elingaphezudlwana nje kozipho lwesithupha somuntu.
Amaxoxo anemibala yesikhumba namaphethini okuhlukahlukene. Loku kusiza amaxoxo athile
akwazi ukungabonakali kalula endaweni akuyo ukuze agweme izilwane eziwadlayo futhi akwazi
ukucashela ukuhlaselwa okuzumayo. Amaxoxo athile anemibala namaphethini okuwenza ehluke
ngokuvelele kangangokuthi umuntu ukwazi ukuwahlukanisa ngalezi zici nje kuphela. Kwezinye
izinhlobo, imibala namaphethini kwexoxo ngalinye kuhlukahluka kakhulu kangangokuthi
kungethenjelwe kuko njengezici ezisetshenziselwa ukuwahlukanisa. Ngenxa yaloku, imibala
namaphethini okufanekiswe kuleli bhukwana kungase kuhluke kuloko umfundi angase akubone
ekuphileni. Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezishiwo ngenhla, amaxoxo angahlonzwa ahlukaniswe
futhi ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinye izici, njengokwakheka kwenhlamvu yokubona
emaphakathi neso (pupil) kanye nolwebu ezinyaweni.
Ubukhulu bamaxoxo obehlukene: a, Inkunzi Yexoxo; b, Isele Lechibi Elifishane.
a b
Isiqondiso sokuhlonza amaxoxo.
Ikhala Indlala yoketshezi Umugqa wasemhlane
Intunja
Iso
Inhlamvu
yokubona
emaphakathi
neso
I-tympanum
Umkhono
Umunwe
Umlenze
Uzwane Ulwebu
Imbalule
Ithanga
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 4
KWAZULU-NATALI
I-Afrika eseningizimu inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezimila; loku kubangwa ikakhulu
wukwehlukahluka komumo wezwe kulesi sifunda, isimo sezulu esifanele kanye nezinhlobo
zendawo yokuhlala ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela. Ekugcineni lezi zici zinesandla ekusakazekeni
okungalingani kwezinhlobo zamaxoxo kulo lonke elase-Afrika eseningizimu. Izimo ezivumelana
kahle nokuzalana zibaluleke kakhulu kumaxoxo. Ngakho-ke amaphethini okuna kwemvula kanye
namanani nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zamaxoxo kubonakala kuhambisana, kuya ngokwanda
ukusuka ngasentshonalanga (eNamibia) kuye ngasempumalanga (eMozambique).
Esinye isici okungenzeka sineqhaza ekusakazekeni nokwehlukahluka kwamaxoxo e-Afrika
eseningizimu kungaba yindlela lolo hlobo lwexoxo elaqaleka futhi laloku lishintsha kancane-
kancane ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo oselwenziwe luye lwabonisa ukuthi
njengoba isimo sezulu sasiya sifudumala esikhathini esidlule, izinhlobo zamaxoxo zakumatropiki
e-Afrika esenyakatho zagudluka zehlela e-Afrika eseningizimu, kanti izinhlobo zokudabuka
ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zagudluka kancane zaya enyakatho-mpumalanga. Kamuva isimo
sezulu saya ngokuphola kwathi le nqubo yabuye yahlehla. Amaqoqo athile kula maxoxo aba
ngawodwana abe eseshintsha kancane-kancane ngendlela engafani neyamanye, kanti iningi
lezinhlobo zakumatropiki zazinza ohlangothini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika eseningizimu
olunesimo sezulu sakumatropiki kakhudlwana. Lezi zenzakalo kungenzeka zaholela ekwandeni
kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ukuya ngasenyakatho, ukugudla ugu olusuka eKapa eliseningizimu-
ntshonalanga kuye KwaZulu-Natali kanye nokwanda kwezinhlobo ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela
ukubheka eningizimu. Ngamanye amazwi, elaKwaZulu-Natali liqukethe eziningi izinhlobo kodwa
zimbalwa ezitholakala lapho kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa neKapa eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga
lona elinothe ngokuphawulekayo ngezinhlobo ezitholakala kulo kuphela, libe linokwehlukahluka
kwezinhlobo okuphansi ngesibalo. Nokho, ukusakazeka kwezinhlobo zamaxoxo ezingxenyeni
ezimaphakathi nezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga zeNingizimu Afrika kubonakala kunokwehluhluka
okuncane kanti nezinhlobo ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela zimbalwa. Loku kungaba ngenxa
yezinhlobo zendawo yokuhlala ezingekahle ezinjengondi lwezintaba eziphakeme ezibandayo,
amathafa avulekile kanye nezindawo eziwugwadule okungamili lutho kulo.
IKwaZulu-Natali ingeyesithathu ngobuncane ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalolunye zaseNingizimu
Afrika; nokho lesi sifundazwe singesesibili ngokwenani labantu abahlala kuso uma kuqhathaniswa
nezinye izifundazwe. IKwaZulu-Natali ingesinye sezifundazwe ezinokwehlukahluka okukhulu
ngokwezinto eziphila kuzo eNingizimu Afrika futhi iyingxenye yesigodi esivelele ngokwehlukahluka
kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuso esiqashelwa ezingeni lamazwe omhlaba i-Maputoland-Pondoland-
Albany. Lesi sigodi esivelele sihlanganisa isifunda esidweba ukusuka eMpumalanga Koloni, sidabule
KwaZulu-Natali, engxenyeni engasempumalanga yelaseSwazini, ukuyongena eMpumalanga
naseMozambique. Lesi sifunda samenyezelwa njengesigodi esivelele ngenxa yokuqukatha kwaso
izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika
eseningizimu. IKwaZulu-Natali iwela endaweni yemvula yasehlobo (maphakathi no-Okthoba ukuya
maphakathi noFebhuwari), futhi inesimo sezulu esinomswakama esifana nesezindawo eziseduze
kwamatropiki. Izimo ezinjengezaseduze kwamatropiki nemfunda eswakeme okutholakala KwaZulu-
Natali kubonakala kuwuhlobo lwendawo yokuhlala ekhethwa yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi kakhulu
zamaxoxo. Loku kungase kube ngenxa yemvula eningi ngokuqhathaniswa kanye namaxhaphozi
ahlukahlukene atholakala emehlweni wethafa eliphakeme (escarpment) nangokudabula ithafa
elingasogwini ukuyofika olwandle. Ngenxa yethafa elinomehlelo othe phuhle (ukubheka olwandle)
izigodi zemifula eziningi ezisikeke zajula zasiza ekwakhekeni komumo wendawo onezinhlobo
ezihlukahlukene zendawo yokuhlala. Ngalobu buningi bezinhlobonhlobo zendawo yokuhlala
kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezimfibiya zazitholela isikhoselo kulezi zindawo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 5
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, elaKwaZulu-Natali liyisikhoselo esibalulekile kumaxoxo amaningana,
ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezithile ezisengozini yokushabalala futhi ezitholakala kulesi sifundazwe
kuphela. Ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kakhulu kwemithelela ebangelwa ngabantu endaweni
yemvelo ezungezile ngokushintsha kwesembozo somhlaba ngenxa yolimo, izimayini nokuhlala
kwabantu, kuyanda ukucindezeleka kwamaxoxo ngokwendlela yawo yokuqhubeka ephila futhi
kuya kukhula ukubaluleka kwezikhoselo ezivikelwe ukuze lezi zinhlobo zingashabalali KwaZulu-
Natali. Isimo sezulu salesi sifundazwe esifana nesezindawo eziseduze kwamatropiki siletha
ubungozi besifo sikamalaleveva futhi lesi sifo sitholakala kuphela engxenyeni engasenyakatho
yalesi sifundazwe kanti izindawo eziphakathi noma eduze kweSiqiwu Sezinyamazane SaseNdumo
zona zinobungozi ngokuthe xaxa. Ukushintsha kwesembozo somhlaba kungase kuwandise
amathuba esifo sikamalaleveva kulesi sifundazwe. Ngakho-ke, njengoba amaxoxo engomunye
wabadli bemvelo bomiyane (bona abangabadluliseli besifo sikamalaleveva), angasiza njengesithiyo
esingokwezinto eziphilayo salesi sifo.
Umkhakha wezokuvakasha KwaZulu-Natali ubalulekile emnothweni waseNingizimu Afrika
njengoba lesi sifundazwe sithandeka kuko kokubili abavakashi basemazweni omhlaba nabakuleli.
Izinto eziheha kakhulu abavakashi zihlanganisa iziqiwu zezilwane zasendle, amabhishi kanye
nezenzakalo zabukhoma. Ukuvakashela izindawo ezisebenza ngokwemvelo (ecotourism) kukhula
ngezinga elibekile KwaZulu-Natali kanti isifunda selaKwaZulu singesinye sezindawo ezithandeka
kakhulu kulabo abavakashela izindawo ezisebenza ngokwemvelo. Izindawo zemvelo ezithandeka
kakhulu yilezo zezinqina zokubukwa kwezinyoni, ukukhempa kanye nokuvakashela izindawo
zesikompilo. Izinqina zokubukwa kwezinyoni zithandeka ngokuphawulekayo kwelaKwaZulu
njengoba lesi sifunda sinothe ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Ngenxa yokwehlukahluka
kwamaxoxo okuhehayo nokuhlaba umxhwele kwakulesi sifunda, izinqina zokubukwa kwamaxoxo
zisethubeni lokuba zibe ngokunye okuthandwa kakhulu kwezokuvakashela izindawo ezisebenza
ngokwemvelo KwaZulu.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
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AMAXOXO AKWELAKWAZULU
IKwaZulu-Natali inezinhlobonhlobo zamaxoxo eziningi kunanomaphi e-Afrika eseningizimu.
Lesi sifundazwe siyikhaya lezingaphezu kwama-70 ezinhlotsheni zamaxoxo ezidlula i-170
ezitholakala e-Afrika eseningizimu. ElaKwaZulu, lona eliyingxenye engasenyakatho yeKwaZulu-
Natali, liyikhaya lezinhlobo zamaxoxo ezihlukene ezingama-58, okuyiyona nto leli bhukwana
eligxile kuyo, kuhlanganise nokwaziswa ngezindlela zawo zokuphila.
Amaxoxo ayizidalwa ezihlala emanzini nasemhlabathini owomile ngokuyinhloko ezincike emanzini
futhi avame ukubonwa noma azwakale bude buduze nezindawo ezinamanzi ezinjengemifula,
izihosha, amadamu, amachibi, nezichitshana zamanzi ezigcwaliswe yimvula okwesikhashana.
Iningi lamaxoxo liyizilwane zasebusuku futhi aphithizela phakathi nezinyanga zonyaka ezifudumele
ezinamanzi. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalana, izinhlobo eziningi zibuthana ndawonye kumakoloni
amakhulu okuzalana eduze kwamanzi futhi imisindo yawo yokuzibika iba yizingoma ezinkulu
ezizwakala ebangeni eliqhelile nje impela. Imvula yenza izimo ezivumela amaxoxo ukuba athuthe
esuka kwezinye izindawo ezinamanzi eya kwezinye. Izinhlobo ezithile njengeZimvete (Ptychadena
spp.) ziqala ukuthutha ngisho nagaphambi kwezimvula njengoba amazinga okushisa eya
ngokuphola futhi umswakama wanda. Ngenxa yaloku, iZimvete zike zibonakale ngaphambi nje
kokuqala kokuna kwemvula. Amaxoxo Agxavulayo, aziwa nangokuthi aMadwi (Xenopus spp.),
ngamaxoxo avame ukuhlala emanzini njalo, kodwa zikhathi thile atholakala ethutha ehamba
emhlabathini owomile ngenkathi yezimvula ezinkulu noma ngokushesha emva kwazo. Ezindaweni
ezinabantu kakhudlwana KwaZulu, amaxoxo athuthayo avame ukweqa imigwaqo noma adabule
emagcekeni abantu elibangise ezindaweni zamanzi ezintsha. Ngokudabukisayo, akuwona onke
amaxoxo afikayo lapho eya khona njengoba izincingo nemithangala kuvimba amaxoxo amaningi,
futhi amaningi agcina ngokufela emgwaqweni.
Amaxoxo angafeli emgwaqweni avame ukubulawa ngabantu abahlangana nawo. Ezingxoxweni
zethu nabantu baKwaZulu kwahlaluka izithiyo ezihlukahlukene abantu abanazo ngamaxoxo
okuyizo ezibangela ukuba basheshe ukuwasusa endleleni. Izizathu zokungakhululeki kwabantu
eduze namaxoxo ziyehluka ngokwezindawo esifundeni, kodwa ikakhulu zihlobene nendlela
amaxoxo abukeka futhi aphila ngayo. Iningi lezici ezibonakala ziyisiphazamiso kuxoxwa ngazo
ezingxenyeni ezizolandela. Nokho, angeke kukhulunywe ngayo yonke into kuleli bhuku njengoba
imibono yabantu yehlukene futhi ishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Loku kunika umfundi ithuba
lokuzitholela okwengeziwe ngobudlelwano babantu namaxoxo kanye nelokucwaninga izici zalobu
budlelwano okungenzeka akuxoxiwe ngazo kuleli bhuku.
Isakheko kanye Nomsebenzi
Isikhumba sexoxo yisitho somzimba esiphawulekayo esenza okungaphezulu kokumane semboze
umzimba nje. Sisetshenziselwa ukuphefumula, ukulondoloza izinga lokushisa lomzimba kanye
nokulawula isilinganiso esihle samanzi. Futhi isikhumba sivikela ixoxo ngokulwisana nama-
pathogen, silisize likwazi ukungabonakali kalula nangokukhiqiza amakhemikhali athiya izilwane
eziwadlayo. La makhemikhali aphuma ezindlaleni ezisazinhlayiya ngesinye isikhathi ezibonakala
sazinsumpa ezijwayelekile. Loku kubukeka kwenza abantu abathile bacabange ukuthi amaxoxo
angabathelela izinsumpa, okuyinto engelona iqiniso. Izinsumpa kubantu zihlobene nokusuleleka
ngesifo okubangwa ngamavirusi kanti emaxoxoweni loku okusazisumpa kungamathuluzi okuphila.
Endabeni yokuphefumula, isikhumba sexoxo sisetshenziselwa ukukhulula isikhutha kanti
amaphaphu asebenza ikakhulu ukumunya umoyampilo emoyeni ohogelwa ngamakhala. Ukuze
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
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isikhumba sisebenze kahle ekuphefumuleni kudingeka
sibe lunama. Amaxoxo athembele emanzini ukugcina
isikhumba sawo siswakeme kanti ananezindlala
ezikhiqiza unamfu lokugcina isikhumba sinamfuka
futhi siswakeme. Ngaphezu kwaloko, isikhumba sexoxo
sikhiqiza namakhemikhali asiza ekugcineni umzimba
upholile lapho amazinga okushisa endaweni ixoxo
elikuyo ephakama kakhulu. Amaxoxo akwelaKwaZulu,
nase-Afrika eseningizimu yonkana, anomnyakazo
ikakhulu emazingeni okushisa azungezile aphakathi
kwe-20° ne-30°C. Amaxoxo ayizilwane ezinegazi
elibandayo futhi kuwo izinga lokushisa lomzimba
linqunywa noma lilawulwa yizinga lokushisa lendawo
ixoxo elikuyo. Kubantu umzimba uzilawulela wona
izinga lawo lokushisa futhi uligcina lithi malibe ku-
36.5°–37.5°C kungakhathaliseki ukuthi linjani
izinga lokushisa endaweni ezungezile. Lo mehluko
wamazinga okushisa omzimba phakathi kwabantu
namaxoxo wenza ukuthi amaxoxo agodole uma abantu
bewathinta. Kubantu abathile isikhumba sexoxo
esibandayo esinamfukayo siyacanula, nokho empeleni
siyinto engenangozi uma nje singadliwanga.
Amaxoxo adonsa akhiphe umoya ngamakhala futhi
athumela abuyise umoya emaphashini ngokwehlisa
akhuphule ingezansi lomlomo ngokushesha. Loku
kubonakala njengesenzo sokumpompa kungezansi
lomlomo lapho kukhona khona ingoxo yezwi. Lesi senzo
sokumpompa siyafana nesendlela indawo yethu yesisu
nesifuba eyehla yenyuke ngayo njengoba i-diaphragm
ifinyela ibuye yeluleke lapho siphefumula.
Umoya ohogeliwe ubuye usetshenziselwe nokwenza
umsindo wezwi. Esikhundleni sokuwukhiphela
ngaphandle, amaxoxo akwazi ukuphoqa umoya uye
ezintanjaneni zezwi ezisemphinjeni nasengoxweni
yezwi ukuze kwenzeke umsindo. Loku kwenza izingoxo
zawo zezwi zinwebeke njangamabhaluni ngesikhathi
ememeza zibuye zibohle kamuva. Ngokuvamile,
ngamaxoxo esilisa asekhulile azwakala ememeza;
ukuze azibike eheha isifazane, noma enze umsindo
wobudlova ukuze izimbangi zesilisa zazi ukuthi leyo
ndawo isithathiwe bese zihambela kude. Kwezinye
izikhathi amaxoxo asemancane akwazi ukumemeza
ngephimbo elincane lapho ebanjwa. Loku kumemeza
kwenzelwa ukwethusa izilwane eziwadlayo, noma
abantu, okusiza ukuba aphunyule.
Ukumemeza kwamaxoxo kwehlukile ngokohlobo
ngalunye futhi kusiza izinsikazi zikwazi ukuhlonza
awesilisa ohlobo olufanayo uma kumemeza izinhlobo
Izinhlobo Zezingoxwana Zezwi Ezehlukene
Les Minter
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ezingaphezu kolulodwa. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo ezithile ezinezinkathi zokuzalana ezinde zisondela
esikhungweni sokuzalana zikhethe elesilisa elikahle kakhulu ngokobunjalo bezwi noma isilinganiso
sezikhathi elesilisa elimemeza ngaso, noma ukuthandeka kwendawo ukumemeza okwenzelwa
kuyo. Ukumemeza kwamaxoxo kubuye kube ngelihle kakhulu ithuluzi lokwehlukanisa phakathi
kwezinhlobo kulo mkhakha futhi kuphakathi kwezindlela ezithembeke kakhulu zokwehlukanisa
izinhlobo njengoba lena kuyindlela amaxoxo ngokwawo azihlonza ngokwayo.
Amehlo amaxoxo ayehluka ngobukhulu nokwakheka kwenhlamvu yeso emnyama enkulu ukusuka
kolunye uhlobo kuya kolunye. Lawo maxoxo azingela ebusuku, njengeSele Lasezihlahleni
LaseNatali (Leptopelis natalensis), ngokuvamile anamehlo amakhulu ngokobukhulu bomzimba
uma eqhathaniswa namaxoxo anyakaza kakhulu emini njengeXoxo Elibomvu (Schismaderma
carens). Amehlo amakhulu angenisa ukukhanya okuthe xaxa okusiza amaxoxo abone kangcono
ebumnyameni. Amaxoxo ahlala emgodini, njengeSinana Esipendiwe (Hemisus marmoratus)
avame ukuba namehlo amancane, angenakulimala kalula ngaphansi komhlabathi. Izinhlobo
ezithile zamaxoxo zinenhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso emi phuhle kanti ezinye zinevundlile
noma eyisiyingi. Ukwakheka kwenhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso kungesinye isici esiwusizo
ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo.
Cishe isici esijwayeleke ukuzedlula zonke ekuchazeni ixoxo wukukwazi kwalo ukugxuma,
njengalokhu amaxoxo aziwa kabanzi njengabagxumi basemkhakheni wezilwane. UVete
Olunempumulo Ecijile (Ptychadena oxyrhynchus), nalo olutholakala KwaZulu, luphethe isicoco
sokugxumela kude ukuwedlula onke amaxoxo emhlabeni. Nokho, akuwona onke amaxoxo akwazi
kahle ukugxuma futhi asebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene zokusuka lapha aye laphaya. Amaxoxo athile
ahamba ngokuhlamba, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ngisho nokugijima. Ezinye izinhlobo ezakheke
ngokuyisipesheli zikwazi kahle ukucaca nokuhlala phansi komhlabathi. Imilenze nemikhono yawo
ngokuvamile iyabonisa ukuthi yiyiphi indlela yokuhamba ayisebenzisa kahle. Imilenze yangemuva
emifishane engemikhulu njengaleyo yeSele Elisanjoloba Elinemigqa (Phrynomantis bifasciatus)
ibonisa ukuthi likwenza kahle ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokugijima. Kokubili imilenze ngemuva
nemikhono ngaphambili eZinaneni (Breviceps spp.) kufishane, okubonisa ukuthi zikulungele
ukuvukuza zihlale ngaphansi komhlabathi. Amadwi (Xenopus spp.) zinemilenze yangemuva
enamandla enolwebu oluningi nezicubu zobudlakela, futhi loku kuwuphawu lokuthi ayizinhlambi
ezinhle. IZimvete (Ptychadena spp.) akwazi kahle ukugxuma ngenxa yemilenze yawo yangemuva
emide enamandla. Amaxoxo akwazi kahle ukucaca njengamaSele Asezihlahleni (Leptopelis spp.)
anamachopho eminwe nezinzwane adumbile. Loku kudumba kwamachopho kusiza ekucaceni
nokubambelela ezintweni ezimi phuhle.
Amaxoxo Nohlelo Lokusebenzisana Kwezinto Zemvelo
Ezakhelene Endaweni Yethu
Amaxoxo abalulekile njengezinto zokubonisa ukuthi indawo ezungezile inempilo kangakanani kanti
ananeqhaza ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokusebenzisana kwezinto zemvelo ezakhelene njengoba
wona eyiko kokubili izilwane ezidla ezinye nezidliwa ngezinye. Isikhumba sawo esikwazi ukudlulisa
uketshezi simunya amanzi kanye nezinto eziyingozi ezincibilike kuwo. Ngenxa yokuthi amaxoxo
aphila ndawo zombili emanzini nasemhlabathini owomile ayathinteka ngezinguquko ezenzeka
kuzo zombili lezi zindawo. Amazinga okushisa edlulele angase aphazamise indlela imizimba yawo
esebenza ngayo. Ukunyamalala kwamaxoxo endaweni yawo yokuhlala ngokuvamile kungathathwa
njengophawu lwezinkinga ezikuleyo ndawo. Onoshoboshobi beziningi izinhlobo badla phansi
ekujuleni kwezindawo zamanzi futhi banokudla izinto eziyingozi bazisuse kuleyo ndawo.
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Amaxoxo angabadli bezinye zilwane abancane ababalulekile nezidla-zinambuzane njengoba
belawula amanani ezinambuzane ezikhona ezinhlelweni zokusebenzisana kwezinto zemvelo
ezakhelene. Avame ukuba khona ngobuningi futhi loku kusho ukuthi adla eziningi izinambuzane,
kanti nonoshobishobi badla eziningi izibungu zezinambuzane ezitholakala emanzini. Nawo
ngokwawo amaxoxo nonoshobishobi kubuye kudliwe ngezinye eziningi izilwane ezidla ezinye
ezinkulu kunako. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlanzi, izinyoni nezinyoka. Nokho, lezi zilwanye ezidla
ezinye ezithe ukuba nkulu azidli amaxoxo kuphela njengoba zingabazingeli abasebenzisa ithuba
elivelayo abadla noma yini abakwazi ukuyibamba. Ngokwesibonelo, izinyoka zizingela izinyoni
nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane njengamabuzi nezingwejeje, kodwa futhi zidla namaxoxo nanini
lapho zithola ithuba lokwenza kanjalo.
Amaxoxo Nabantu
Amaxoxo abaluleke kubantu ngezindlela eziningi. Kusukela sibancane amaxoxo ayavela
ezindabeni ezijwayele ukuxoxwa esizizwa ngogogo bethu, izinganekwane esizifunda emabhukwini
nakumakhathuni ethelevishini. Njengoba sikhula singase sifunde ngawo esikoleni, ikakhulu
emakilasini ezifundo zezinto eziphilayo. Amaxoxo asebenza njengamathuluzi okuqapha impilo
yezinhlelo zokusebenzelana kwezinto zemvelo ezakhelene futhi asiza ekulawuleni ukwanda
kwezinambuzane ezidalela abantu izinkinga. Futhi nabantu bayawadla. Amaxoxo ayadliwa
ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. E-Afrika eseningizimu aMaxoxo (Pyxicephalus spp.) ayadliwa
ezingxenyeni zaseMozambique, esifundazweni saseLimpopo naKwaZulu-Natali. Nokho,
amaxoxo adlelwa ikakhulu ubumnandi hhayi njengokudla okuphilwa ngako. Nakuba amaxoxo
athile ewukudla kubantu, amanye amaxoxo asiza abantu ekuzingeleni ukudla. Izizwe ezithile
eNingizimu Melika zininda izihloko zemicibishelo yazo ngoshevu wamaSele Oshevu Wemicibishelo
(Phyllobates spp.). Ushevu wexoxo ukhubaza izilwane ezicitshwa ngomcibishelo onindwe ngawo,
wenze kube lula ngbantu abazingelayo ukubamba inyama.
Ngenxa yokuthi amaxoxo adla eziningi izinambuzane asiza ekugcineni amanani azo njengezinto
eziwuhlupho ephansi. Lezi zinambuzane zihlanganisa omiyane, umuhlwa kanye nezimpukane
zohlobo lwe-tsetse. KwaZulu loku kusiza ekugcineni ukubheduka kukamalaleveva kuphansi,
njengoba umalaleveva eyisifo sakulesi sifunda. Ukulawula amanani omuhlwa kuphungula
umonakalo ongase uwudale empahleni yabantu. Futhi amaxoxo adla izimpukane zohlobo lwe-
tsetse agcine amanani azo ephansi. Loku kusiza ekunqandeni isifo sokulala kubantu ne-nagana
ezinkomeni. Isifo sokulala kubantu ne-nagana kuyinkinga ezindaweni zasemaphandleni futhi
kaningi i-nagana iholela ekulahlekelweni yimfuyo.
I-Afrika eseningizimu ayinawo amaxoxo anoshevu obualalayo njengowenyoka (venom), kodwa
izinhlobo eziningana zikhipha uketshezi olunobuthi (toxic/poisonous). AMaxoxo Asanjoloba
(Phrynomantis spp.) akwazi ukubangela ukuluma kwesikhumba uma umuntu onesikhumba
esizwelayo ewathinta. Ezinye izinhlobo zamaxoxo zase-Afrika eseningizimu azinangozi kubantu.
Amaxoxo avame ukukhipha emzimbeni wawo ama-toxin ukuze azivikele ezilwaneni eziwadlayo
futhi lawo ma-toxin angase abangele ukuthi izinja zikhihlize amagwebu emlonyeni lapho zizama
ukuwaluma. Iningi lamaxoxo aligcini ngokungabi nangozi kubantu kodwa ama-toxin awo
ngokwezokwelapha angase asetshenziselwe ukwenza izibulala-zinhlungu, izithambisi-zicubu
kanye nezikhuthazi-nhliziyo.
Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi izinketshezi ezikhiqizwa ngamaxoxo athile eNingizimu Melika
zinamandla ngokuphindwe kama-200 kunomuthi wokubulala izinhlungu okahle kunayo yonke
umuntu anokuwuthenga. Ithimba labacwaningi enyuvesi ethile e-Abu Dhabi lathola ama-antibiotic
amasha ayi-100 lisebenzisa isikhumba sexoxo. Abathile kwabawina iMiklomelo Ka-Nobel ku-
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
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physiology nakwezemithi yodokotela baklonyeliswa ngocwaningo ngamaxoxo. Kusenokwenzeka
futhi ukuba izinketshezi ezikhiqizwa yisikhumba sexoxo zikwazi ukusetshenziselwa imithi
yokunyanga abaphethwe yisifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi, phakathi kwezinye izimo zempilo.
Lusanda kuqala ucwaningo ngokusebenziseka kwalezi zinketshezi njengemithi yokwelapha,
nokho luyathembisa.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Leli Bhuku
Leli bhuku linemifanekiso yamaxoxo atholakala KwaZulu. Libhalwe ngesiZulu nangesiNgisi
njengoba lezi zilimi kuyizo ezikhulunywa kabanzi kulesi sifunda. Vele uphendule ibhuku ukuze
uthole ulimi othanda ukufunda ngalo. Ukuhleleka kwamakhasi okuchazwa kuwo izinhlobo kulesi
siqondiso ngamaxoxo elaKwaZulu kulandela okwenzeka lapho umuntu eqala ukubona ixoxo kuze
kube yilapho esebone kahle ukuthi ngelaluhlobo luni. Ngokuvamile, lapho ubona ixoxo uqaphela
ubukhulu balo, umbala kanye nokwakheka komzimba. Nokho, qikelela lapho ubheka umbala
ngoba kweziningana izinhlobo amaxoxo ngamanye aba nombala ongafani njalo. Kungenzeka
umbala wesampula lexoxo olibhekile wehluke kowaleli elifanekiswe ebhukwini. Lapho ubhekisisa
eduze uqala ukuqaphela imininingwane emincane yokwakheka kwalo, okuhlanganisa ukuma
kwekhanda, izici zemikhono yangaphambili kanye nemilenze yangemuva, ukubukeka kwe-
tympanum, kanye nothinteko lwesikhumba emhlane nasesiswini ngaphansi. Njengoba likhula
ikhono lakho lokuchaza izici zokwakheka kwamaxoxo uya ngokuthuthuka ekunqumeni ukuthi
ixoxo lingelabuphi ubulili. Futhi ufunda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo usebenzisa Izimpawu
Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo.
Izici zamakhasi
1. Lapha kunikwe amagama ajwayelekile ngako kokubili isiNgisi nesiZulu, kanye negama lesayensi.
2. Amabalazwe okusakazeka abonisa lapho ixoxo ngalinye litholakala khona KwaZulu.
3. Ukhiye ofakwe umbala wezindawo zokuhlala lapho ixoxo ngalinye litholakala khona.
4. Isigaba esithi ‘Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo’ sibonisa loko ofanele ukubheke lapho
uhlukanisa uhlobo oluthile kwezinye.
5. I-ruler esohlangothini lwekhasi ibonisa ubude bexoxo bokugcina, kodwa qaphela ukuthi amaxoxo
angakaqedi ukukhula azoba mancane kunaloko kanti nasekhulile akuwona onke abufinyelelayo
lobu bude. Ngokubeka isandla sakho eduze kwalo mugqa uyakwazi ukuqhathanisa ubukhulu
bexoxo nobukhulu besandla sakho.
6. Umbhalo ochaza izinhlobo ezihlukene zamaxoxo ubhalwe ngendlela yocingo lwe-telegram hhayi
ngemisho egcwele ngenxa yokuthi leli bhuku linika kuphela ulwazi oluyinhloko ngokuhlonza,
ukusakazeka kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe uthole ulwazi
okudephile ngalezi zinhlobo zamaxoxo ezifanekisiwe kunikwe uhla lwezinsiza esigabeni esithi
‘Okunye Okunokufundwa’ (ikhasi 80). Futhi la mabhuku asikiselwe kulesi sigaba anika ulwazi
ngamaxoxo ase-Afrika eseningizimu yonkana. Kufakwe nochazomazwi (amakhasi 78–79)
ukuze kusizwe ngamanye ala matemu asetshenzisiwe lapho kuchazwa izinhlobo zamaxoxo.
Uhla lwamareferensi asetshenzisiwe lapho kudidiyelwa leli bhuku lufakiwe ekugcineni.
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5
Igama lesiZulu
Igama lesayensi | Igama lesiNgisi
1
2
3
4
6
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Ukuchazwa kwezindawo zokuhlala
Amabhaka: Ingxenye yamanzi amaningi agelezayo esabalala ethafeni eliyisicaba
yakhe umhlaba onamaxhaphozi ogcwele utshani, insikane, umhlanga nezinye izimila
zasemanzini.
Amachibi esikhashana: Izigojana ezincane, kwesinye isikhathi ezenziwe wumuntu,
ezigcwala amanzi emvula. Kulawo machibi amanzi agcineka isikhashana ngaphandle
kokuba elokhu egcwaliswa yimvula.
Amadamu: Izithiyo ezenziwe wumuntu zokuvimba amanzi amaningi agelezayo
ezenzelwe ukulondoloza amanzi.
Amanzi angashoni: Amanzi noma ingxenye yendawo enamanzi angajulile kakhulu.
Amanzi avulekile: Amanzi amaningi anezimila kancane noma angenazo.
Amaxhaphozi: Izindawo eziphansi ezigcwala amanzi ngezinkathi zemvula futhi
inhlabathi ihlala inamanzi noma igcwale amanzi esikhathini esiningi sonyaka.
Avukuzayo: Kusho amaxoxo ambayo futhi aphile isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ichibi: Indawo encane ehlala inamanzi amile, ngokuvamile eyenzelwa ukuhlobisa.
Ihlashana: Ihlathi elingacinene elingaba nongqimba lwenhlabathi enotshani, amakhambi
namahlahlana.
Ihlathi: Indawo yokuhlala embozwe ikakhulu yizihlahla ezinkulu nongqimba lwenhlabathi
olunamahlahlana acinene nezinye izimila.
Ihlathi Lesihlabathi: Uhlobo oluyisipesheli lwendawo yokuhlala yehlathi lasezindaweni
ezifudumele elitholakala ezindundumeni ezimaphakathi nezwe.
Imfucuza Yamahlamvu: Amahlamvu abolayo akha ungqimba phezu kwenhlabathi.
Imfunda: Indawo yokuhlala egcwele utshani namakhambi enezihlahla ezimbalwa noma
engenazo.
Imihosha: Izingxenye zomfula ezincane ezibhungcene.
Imihosha enamadwala: Izingxenye zomfula ezincane ezibhungcene ezinamadwala
amaningi emanzini nasosebeni.
Indawo Yamahlathi Engasogwini: Ihlathi elingacinene elisogwini elingase libe nongqimba
lwenhlabathi yotshani, amakhambi namahlahlana.
Inhlabathi: Ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba okumila kulo izitshalo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 13
Inkangala: Indawo yokuhlala evame amathafa otshani anezixha zezihlahla namahlahla
aphakeme. Iyingxenye yendawo yezilwane nezimila zase-Savanna.
I-savanna: Indawo yokuhlala evame ukuba nongqimba lwenhlabathi enotshani
nongqimba olungenhla lwezitshalo ezisazihlahla nezihlahla eziphakeme ngesilinganiso
esimaphakathi.
Izimbuku (ubunye ubhuku): Izindawo eziphansi lapho kuqoqana khona amanzi bese
inhlabathi ihlala igcwele amanzi isikhathi esiningi sonyaka.
Izingadi: Iziqephu zomhlaba ezilinyelwa ukuhlobisa.
Umhlaba Wokulima: Umhlaba wokufuya noma wokulima
Umhlume: Indawo yokuhlala ewubhuku kumadelita akumatropiki noma amachweba.
Izihlahla: Izitshalo zokhuni ezivame ukuba zinde ezinesiqu esisodwa
Umhlaba Onamanzi: Izindawo zomhlaba lapho inhlabathi ihlala igcwele amanzi unyaka
wonke noma inkathi enkulu yonyaka.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 14
Izinhlobo zendawo
yokuhlala
Izinhlobo zamaxoxo
Amabhaka Cacosternum boettgeri – Isele Elithambile Elijwayelekile
Cacosternum nanum – Isele Elithambile Elisathusi
Phrynobatrachus acridoides – Isele Lechibi Lasempumalanga Afrika
Ptychadena oxyrhynchus – Uvete Olunempumulo Ecijile
Sclerophrys garmani – Ixoxo Eliluhlaza Okotshani
Sclerophrys gutturalis – Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Xenopus muelleri – Idwi Lika-Müller
Amachibi esikhashana Cacosternum nanogularum – Iseke Elithambile LaKwaZulu
Hildebrandtia ornata – Ixoxo Elihlotshisiwe
Phrynobatrachus acridoides – Isele Lechibi Lasempumalanga Afrika
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ptychadena taenioscelis – Uvete Olufishane
Pyxicephalus edulis – Inkunzi Yexoxo
Tomopterna cryptotis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elinemigqa
Tomopterna krugerensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elingqongqozayo
Tomopterna tandyi – Isele Lasesihlabathini LikaTandy
Amadamu Hyperolius semidiscus – Umgqagqa Wemigqa Ephuzi
Sclerophrys gutturalis – Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Sclerophrys pusilla – Ixoxo Lomhlane Oyisicaba
Xenopus laevis – Idwi Elijwayelekile
Amanzi angashoni Sclerophrys pusilla – Ixoxo Lomhlane Oyisicaba
Phrynobatrachus mababiensis – Isele Lechibi Elifishane
Xenopus laevis – Idwi Elijwayelekile
Sclerophrys pusilla – Ixoxo Lomhlane Oyisicaba
Amanzi avulekile Chiromantis xerampelina – Usomagwebu Waseningizimu
Phlyctimantis maculatus – UKassina Wemilenze Ebomvu
Phrynobatrachus natalensis – Isele Lechibi Elihonayo
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ptychadena mossambica – Uvete Olunomugqa Obanzi
Sclerophrys gutturalis – Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Sclerophrys pusilla – Ixoxo Lomhlane Oyisicaba
Tomopterna natalensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini LaseNatali
Xenopus laevis – Idwi Elijwayelekile
Amaxhaphozi Afrixalus aureus – Umgqagqa Oyigolide
Hemisus marmoratus – Isinana Esipendiwe
Avukuzayo Breviceps adspersus – Isinana Sehlathi
Breviceps bagginsi – Isinana SikaBilbo
Breviceps carruthersi – Isinana SakwaPhinda
Breviceps passmorei – Isinana SakwaNdumo
Breviceps mossambicus – Isinana SaseMozambique
Breviceps sopranus – Isinana Sekhwela/Isinana Somtshingo
Leptopelis mossambicus – Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Ichibi Amietia delalandii – Isele Lasemfuleni Elijwayelekile
Hyperolius marmoratus – Umgqagqa Opendiwe
Hyperolius pusillus – Umgqagqa Weminduze
Hyperolius semidiscus – Umgqagqa Wemigqa Ephuzi
Schismaderma carens – Ixoxo Elibomvu
Ithebula 1: Izinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezehlukene
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 15
Izinhlobo zendawo
yokuhlala
Izinhlobo zamaxoxo
Ihlashana Breviceps carruthersi – Isinana SakwaPhinda
Breviceps passmorei – Isinana SakwaNdumo
Leptopelis natalensis – Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Phrynobatrachus mababiensis – Isele Lechibi Elifishane
Phrynomantis bifasciatus – Ixoxo Elisanjoloba Elinemigqa
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ptychadena oxyrhynchus – Uvete Olunempumulo Ecijile
Ptychadena porosissima – Uvete Olunemigqa
Ihlathi Arthroleptis stenodactylus – Umanswininiza Onyawo
Zingamafosholo
Arthroleptis wahlbergii – Umanswininiza Wasehlathini
Breviceps sopranus – Isinana Sekhwela/Isinana Somtshingo
Hadromophryne natalensis – Isele Lasempophomeni
Leptopelis mossambicus – Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Leptopelis natalensis – Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Natalobatrachus bonebergi – Isele Lase-Kloof
Phrynomantis bifasciatus – Ixoxo Elisanjoloba Elinemigqa
Ptychadena porosissima – Uvete Olunemigqa
Strongylopus fasciatus – Isele Lasemfuleni Elinemidwa
Strongylopus grayii – Isele Lasemfuleni Eligqafazayo
Ihlathi Lesihlabathi Leptopelis mossambicus – Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Leptopelis natalensis – Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Imfucuza Yamahlamvu Arthroleptis stenodactylus – Umanswininiza Onyawo
Zingamafosholo
Arthroleptis wahlbergii – Umanswininiza Wasehlathini
Imfunda Afrixalus aureus – Umgqagqa Oyigolide
Amietia delalandii – Isele Lasemfuleni Elijwayelekile
Breviceps adspersus – Isinana Sehlathi
Breviceps carruthersi – Isinana SakwaPhinda
Breviceps mossambicus – Isinana SaseMozambique
Cacosternum boettgeri – Isele Elithambile Elijwayelekile
Cacosternum nanum – Isele Elithambile Elisathusi
Cacosternum striatum – Isele Elithambile Elinemigqa
Hadromophryne natalensis – Isele Lasempophomeni
Hemisus guttatus – Isinana Esimabhadubhadu
Hyperolius poweri – Umgqagqa Omude
Phrynobatrachus acridoides – Isele Lechibi Lasempumalanga Afrika
Phrynobatrachus mababiensis – Isele Lechibi Elifishane
Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti – Ixoxo Elifishane
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ptychadena mossambica – Uvete Olunomugqa Obanzi
Ptychadena oxyrhynchus – Uvete Olunempumulo Ecijile
Ptychadena porosissima – Uvete Olunemigqa
Ptychadena taenioscelis – Uvete Olufishane
Pyxicephalus edulis – Inkunzi Yexoxo
Sclerophrys capensis – Ixoxo Eliklabalasayo
Sclerophrys gutturalis – Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Sclerophrys pusilla – Ixoxo Lomhlane Oyisicaba
Strongylopus fasciatus – Isele Lasemfuleni Elinemidwa
Strongylopus grayii – Isele Lasemfuleni Eligqafazayo
Ithebula 1: Izinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezehlukene (Iyaqhubeka)
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 16
Izinhlobo zendawo
yokuhlala
Izinhlobo zamaxoxo
Imfunda (Iyaqhubeka) Tomopterna cryptotis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elinemigqa
Tomopterna krugerensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elingqongqozayo
Tomopterna natalensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini LaseNatali
Tomopterna tandyi – Isele Lasesihlabathini LikaTandy
Xenopus muelleri – Idwi Lika-Müller
Imihosha Amietia delalandii – Isele Lasemfuleni Elijwayelekile
Cacosternum striatum – Isele Elithambile Elinemigqa
Hadromophryne natalensis – Isele Lasempophomeni
Natalobatrachus bonebergi – Isele Lase-Kloof
Ptychadena nilotica – Uvete LwaseMaskarina
Pyxicephalus edulis – Inkunzi Yexoxo
Sclerophrys capensis – Ixoxo Eliklabalasayo
Strongylopus fasciatus – Isele Lasemfuleni Elinemidwa
Strongylopus grayii – Isele Lasemfuleni Eligqafazayo
Tomopterna tandyi – Isele Lasesihlabathini LikaTandy
Xenopus laevis – Idwi Elijwayelekile
Imihosha enamadwala Hadromophryne natalensis – Isele Lasempophomeni
Natalobatrachus bonebergi – Isele Lase-Kloof
Indawo Yamahlathi
Engasogwini
Leptopelis natalensis – Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Inhlabathi Hemisus guttatus – Isinana Esimabhadubhadu
Hildebrandtia ornata – Ixoxo Elihlotshisiwe
Tomopterna cryptotis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elinemigqa
Tomopterna krugerensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elingqongqozayo
Tomopterna natalensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini LaseNatali
Tomopterna tandyi – Isele Lasesihlabathini LikaTandy
Inkangala Afrixalus aureus – Umgqagqa Oyigolide
Chiromantis xerampelina – Usomagwebu Waseningizimu
Hemisus marmoratus – Isinana Esipendiwe
Phrynomantis bifasciatus – Ixoxo Elisanjoloba Elinemigqa
Ptychadena mossambica – Uvete Olunomugqa Obanzi
I-savanna Amietia delalandii – Isele Lasemfuleni Elijwayelekile
Breviceps adspersus – Isinana Sehlathi
Breviceps mossambicus – Isinana SaseMozambique
Breviceps sopranus – Isinana Sekhwela/Isinana Somtshingo
Chiromantis xerampelina – Usomagwebu Waseningizimu
Hemisus marmoratus – Isinana Esipendiwe
Hildebrandtia ornata – Ixoxo Elihlotshisiwe
Hyperolius poweri – Umgqagqa Omude
Hyperolius semidiscus – Umgqagqa Wemigqa Ephuzi
Leptopelis mossambicus – Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Phrynobatrachus acridoides – Isele Lechibi Lasempumalanga Afrika
Phrynobatrachus mababiensis – Isele Lechibi Elifishane
Phrynomantis bifasciatus – Ixoxo Elisanjoloba Elinemigqa
Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti – Ixoxo Elifishane
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ithebula 1: Izinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezehlukene (Iyaqhubeka)
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 17
Izinhlobo zendawo
yokuhlala
Izinhlobo zamaxoxo
I-savanna (Iyaqhubeka) Ptychadena mossambica – Uvete Olunomugqa Obanzi
Ptychadena nilotica – Uvete LwaseMaskarina
Ptychadena oxyrhynchus – Uvete Olunempumulo Ecijile
Ptychadena porosissima – Uvete Olunemigqa
Ptychadena taenioscelis – Uvete Olufishane
Pyxicephalus edulis – Inkunzi Yexoxo
Sclerophrys garmani – Ixoxo Eliluhlaza Okotshani
Sclerophrys gutturalis – Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Strongylopus fasciatus – Isele Lasemfuleni Elinemidwa
Strongylopus grayii – Isele Lasemfuleni Eligqafazayo
Tomopterna cryptotis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elinemigqa
Tomopterna krugerensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini Elingqongqozayo
Tomopterna natalensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini LaseNatali
Tomopterna tandyi – Isele Lasesihlabathini LikaTandy
Izihlahla Chiromantis xerampelina – Usomagwebu Waseningizimu
Leptopelis mossambicus – Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Leptopelis natalensis – Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Izimbuku (ubunye
ubhuku)
Hyperolius tuberilinguis – Umgqagqa Oluhlaza Okotshani
Leptopelis mossambicus – Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Leptopelis natalensis – Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Ptychadena nilotica – Uvete LwaseMaskarina
Ptychadena taenioscelis – Uvete Olufishane
Izingadi Amietia delalandii – Isele Lasemfuleni Elijwayelekile
Arthroleptis wahlbergii – Umanswininiza Wasehlathini
Cacosternum boettgeri – Isele Elithambile Elijwayelekile
Cacosternum nanum – Isele Elithambile Elisathusi
Hyperolius marmoratus – Umgqagqa Opendiwe
Kassina senegalensis – UKassina Obhadlayo
Leptopelis natalensis – Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Schismaderma carens – Ixoxo Elibomvu
Sclerophrys capensis – Ixoxo Eliklabalasayo
Sclerophrys gutturalis – Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Strongylopus fasciatus – Isele Lasemfuleni Elinemidwa
Xenopus muelleri – Idwi Lika-Müller
Lomhlume Kassina senegalensis – UKassina Obhadlayo
Leptopelis mossambicus – Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Umhlaba Onamanzi Afrixalus aureus – Umgqagqa Oyigolide
Afrixalus delicatus – Umgqagqa Othambile
Afrixalus fornasini – Umgqagqa Omkhulu
Amietia delalandii – Isele Lasemfuleni Elijwayelekile
Cacosternum striatum – Isele Elithambile Elinemigqa
Hyperolius argus – Umgqagqa i-Argus
Hyperolius marmoratus – Umgqagqa Opendiwe
Hyperolius pickersgilli – Umgqagqa Ka-Pickersgill
Hyperolius pusillus – Umgqagqa Weminduze
Ithebula 1: Izinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezehlukene (Iyaqhubeka)
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 18
Izinhlobo zendawo
yokuhlala
Izinhlobo zamaxoxo
Umhlaba Onamanzi
(Iyaqhubeka)
Hyperolius tuberilinguis – Umgqagqa Oluhlaza Okotshani
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ptychadena mossambica – Uvete Olunomugqa Obanzi
Ptychadena nilotica – Uvete LwaseMaskarina
Umhlaba Wokulima Breviceps bagginsi – Isinana SikaBilbo
Phrynobatrachus mababiensis – Isele Lechibi Elifishane
Phrynobatrachus natalensis – Isele Lechibi Elihonayo
Phrynomantis bifasciatus – Ixoxo Elisanjoloba Elinemigqa
Ptychadena anchietae – Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ptychadena nilotica – Uvete LwaseMaskarina
Sclerophrys capensis – Ixoxo Eliklabalasayo
Sclerophrys gutturalis – Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Tomopterna natalensis – Isele Lasesihlabathini LaseNatali
Tomopterna tandyi – Isele Lasesihlabathini LikaTandy
Ithebula 1: Izinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezehlukene (Iyaqhubeka)
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 19
UKUCHAZWA KWEZINHLOBO
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 20
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 45 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokunsundu okukhanyayo ukuya kokunsundu okumnyama.
Kunomugqa omncanyana ophaphathekile emhlane eningini
lamaxoxo. Ngokuvamile, emhlane kunephethini elimnyama
elinezingxenye ezintathu elimi okwewashi lebhodlela (hourglass).
Izinhlangothi zinamamaki ampunga ngokukhanyayo. Linesembozo
sobuso esimnyama esisuka empumulweni sidabule esweni size
siyofika lapho kuqala khona umkhono. Umzimba: Ugqishelene
unekhanda elibanzi eliwugqinsi. I-tympanum ibonakala kancane.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi. Uma ulithinta ingaphansi
lizwakala linezinhlayiya futhi kunamachashaza amaningi
athothene ampunga esifubeni. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane azinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Kwawesilisa umunwe
wesithathu mude ngokuthe xaxa, umphimbo uthi ukuba mnyama
kanti kunezincijo (spines) ezincane emilenzeni nasemhlane.
Indlela Yokukhala
Leli xoxo likhala ngephimbo elincane elisakukhenceza kwensimbi
elithi pi-i-ip-pi-i-ip noma wip-wip-wip okungathi elenyoni.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo mkhulu ngokuphawulekayo kunakwabanye oManswininiza.
• Umunwe wesithathu unwebekile kwawesilisa.
• Iphethini emhlane elinesimo sewashi lebhodlela eliwumcijo.
1. Umanswininiza Onyawo Zingamafosholo
Arthroleptis stenodactylus Pfeffer, 1893 | Shovel-footed Squeaker
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 21
2. Umanswininiza Wasehlathini
Arthroleptis wahlbergii Smith, 1849 | Bush Squeaker
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 25 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokubheji ukuya kokunsundu ngokumnyama noma okunsundu
ngokubomvana. Kwamaningi amaxoxo emhlane kunomugqa
omncanyana ophaphathekile wamathambo omgogodla.
Emhlane kunephethini elimnyama eligqamile elinezingxenye
ezintathu elimise okwewashi lebhodlela. Ekhanda kunesibhadu
esiwunxantathu esiphaphathekile. Izinhlangothi zinamabala
amancane amhlophe. Linesembozo sobuso esimnyama esisuka
empumulweni sidabule esweni size siyofika lapho kuqala khona
umkhono. Umzimba: Mncane ugqishelene futhi impumulo
icijile kancane. I-tympanum ibonakala kancane. Uma ulithinta
ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya futhi kunamachashaza
amaningi athothene ampunga esifubeni. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane azinalulwebu,
kokunye amachopho ezinzwane adumbile. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Kwawesilisa uzwane lwesithathu lude ngokuthe xaxa,
umphimbo umnyama kakhudlwana futhi isikhumba sasemhlane
sembozwe yizincijo.
Indlela Yokukhala
Imisindo yephimbo elincane, edonsayo, esakukhenceza kwensimbi
ethi wi-i-ip wi-i-ip noma wi-i-pi wi-i-pi okungathi eyezinyoni.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Litholakala kuphela maphakathi neKwaZulu-Natali nasemahlathini angasogwini.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo awubonakali.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 22
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 63 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ngokukhanyayo esinemaki elinsundu ngokumnyama elimise
okwenselo yehhashi emhlane. Linesembozo sobuso esimnyama
esisuka empumulweni sidabule esweni size siyofika lapho
kuqala khona umkhono. Amaxoxo angakaqedi ukukhula
aluhlaza okotshani okujwayelekile. Umzimba: Umzimba
oqatha onemikhono nemilenze emide, impumulo ebuthuntu,
amehlo amakhulu aphumele ngaphandle namakhala aseduze
kwechopho lempumulo. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya. Ngaphansi linombala omhlophe
ngokugqwalile kanye namamaki amnyama emphinjeni.
Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe inamagenqezana akheke
ngokuphawulekayo emachosheni futhi ayinalulwebu. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinamagenqezana emachosheni kanye
nolwebu olungatheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anendlala esifubeni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omkhulu ophindwaphindwa kaningi othi kwa-kwa noma
wala.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Imaki elimnyama elimise okonyawo lwehhashi emhlane.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo omkhulu.
• Izinzwane zinolwebu olungatheni.
3. Isele Lasezihlahleni Elinsundu
Leptopelis mossambicus Poynton, 1985 | Brown-backed Tree Frog
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 23
4. Isele Lasezihlahleni LaseNatali
Leptopelis natalensis (Smith, 1849) | Natal Tree Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 65 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esifana
yonke indawo esiluhlaza okwelayimu ukuya kokunsundu
noma okunsundu ngokukhanyayo esinamashandu aluhlaza
okwesimaragidu (emerald) zikhathi thile azungezwe ngomphetho
omncanyana omnyama. Awukho umugqa emhlane. Umzimba:
Uqoqene unemilenze nemikhono emide, impumulo ebuthuntu
namehlo amakhulu aphumele ngaphandle. Amakhala aseduze
nechopho lempumulo. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya kancane. Uma ulithinta ingaphansi
lizwakala linezinyayiya futhi linombala omhlophe ngokugqwalile.
Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe inamagenqezana amakhulu
emachosheni futhi ayinalulwebu. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
zinamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu oluningi. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Akukho mehluko ocacile phakathi kwensikazi
nelesilisa.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omkhulu othi yek-yek ovame ukulandelwa wukuziziza
(buzzing) okudonsayo.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Emhlane alikho iphethini elimise okonyawo lwehhashi.
• Amagenqezana amakhulu emachosheni ako kokubili iminwe nezinzwane.
• Izinzwane ezinolwebu oluningi.
• Litholakala KwaZulu-Natali kuphela.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 24
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 60 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
esinezibhadu ezithi mazibe phuzi noma ezinombala we-orintshi
namashandu amnyama. Isembozo sobuso esimnyama esisuka
esweni size siyofika lapho kuqala khona umkhono. Umzimba:
Ubanzi futhi uyisitubutubana; imilenze mifishane nobuso
buyisicaba. Ngokuvamile i-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi
futhi ngokuvamile alinawo amamaki kodwa zikhathi thile
lingase libe namachashaza amnyama ambalwa. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane azinalo ulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anomphimbo omnyama ngokuthe xaxa, ngezinye
izikhathi onomushwe omhlophe phakathi nendawo.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo emifishane eyikhwela elihambisana
nokuphefumula.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Umzimba obukeka udumbile oyisitubutubana.
• Isembozo sobuso esimnyama.
• Imikhono nemilenze ayinalo ulwebu.
• Ingaphansi elibushelelezi elimhlophe nelingenamamaki.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo ngaphakathi mkhulu futhi ugobile.
• Ubude nobubanzi bezinzwane ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle buyalingana.
5. Isinana Sasehlathini
Breviceps adspersus (Peters, 1882) | Bushveld Rain Frog
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 25
6. Isinana SikaBilbo
Breviceps bagginsi Minter, 2003 | Bilbo’s Rain Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 29 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokunsundu ngokumnyama
kanti unamachashaza amnyama. Emhlane kubonakala izibhadu
eziphaphathekile. Izinhlangothi ezinsundu ezinamachashaza
amancane amhlophe ambalwa. Isembozo sobuso esimnyama
sisuka emehlweni ukuya lapho kuqala khona imikhono.
Umzimba: Ubanzi futhi uyisitubutubana nemilenze emifishane,
ubuso obuyisicaba nempumulo encane. I-tympanum ayibonakali.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya kancane. Ingaphansi
lizwakala libushelelezi ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiya kancane
kanti simhlophe namachashaza amancane amnyama. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane azinalo ulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anemiphimbo emnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwamakhwelo amafishane ayisi-7–20 ephimbo elincane
ashayela eduze.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibon akala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Ingaphansi elimhlophe elinamachashaza amancane amnyama.
• Isembozo sobuso esimnyama.
• Imikhono nemilenze ayinalo ulwebu.
• Ubude nobubanzi bezinzwane ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle buyalingana.
• Imidunjana esematheni onyawo ngaphakathi nangaphandle ihlukaniswe wumklayeko.
Les Minter
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 26
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 59 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
esinamashandu athi mawabe phuzi ahamba ngamabili amakhulu
emhlane. Ngokuvamile izinhlangothi zinamashandu athi
mawabe phuzi amathathu. Ngokuvamile umugqa womgogodla
awubonakali noma ubonakala kuphela engxenyeni engemuva
yomzimba. Isembozo sobuso esimnyama sisuka esweni sigcine
maphakathi nendlela eya emakhwapheni. Umzimba: Ubanzi futhi
uyisitubutubana ube nemilenze emifishane nobuso ubuyisicaba.
I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya.
Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi ngokuvamile alinawo
amamaki, nokho ngezinye izikhathi lingase libe namabala
amnyama ambalwa. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinalo ulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane azinalo ulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Izinzwane zangaphakathi nezangaphandle
ezimfishane. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anemiphimbo
empunga ngokumnyama noma ngokuthi makube phuzi. Izinsikazi
zinkudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwamakhwelo ayi-8 kuya kwangama-21.
7. Isinana SakwaPhinda
Breviceps carruthersi Du Preez, Netherlands & Minter, 2017 | Phinda Rain Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Umzimba oyisitubutubana okungathi uvuvukele.
• Isembozo zobuso esimnyama.
• Akukho lulwebu emilenzeni nasemikhonweni.
• Ingaphansi elibushelelezi, elimhlophe futhi elingenamamaki.
• Uzwane olungaphakathi lude futhi lubanzi ngokulinganayo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 27
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 52 mm. Umbala: Umbala wesikhumba
uhlukahluka kakhulu ukusuka kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya
kokunsundu ngokumnyama, ukuya kokubomvu njengesitini
noma ngisho okusaphuzi kanye nezibhadu ezimhlophe ukuya
kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo kanye nokunsundu ngokumnyama.
Linesembozo sobuso esimnyama esisuka esweni size siyofika
lapho kuqala khona umkhono. Ngokuvamile kubonakala
umugqa womgogodla ophaphathekile. Umzimba: Ubanzi futhi
usitubutubana kanti unemilenze emifishane nobuso obuyisicaba.
I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya
noma sibushelelezi. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi
limhlophe, kwezinye izikhathi libe namamaki ansundu. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane azinalo ulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anemiphimbo emnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Ihlanganisa uchunge lwemisindo emifishane emi-2 ukuya
kwemi-5 efana neyezinyoni.
8. Isinana SaseMozambique
Breviceps mossambicus Peters, 1854 | Mozambique Rain Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Ububanzi bezinzwane zangaphakathi nezangaphandle budlula ubude.
• Isembozo sobuso sibonakala ngokucacile.
• Ngaphansi izandla zinemidunjana esesilinganisweni ukuya kweyakheke kahle impela.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 28
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 59 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba
esinsundu esinamashandu aphaphathekile ayindilinga ukuya
kwangenasimo esihlelekile ahamba ngamabili emhlane.
Izinhlangothi zinamashandu amathathu ukuya kwamane
azungezwe ngamabala amnyama. Kaningi umugqa womgogodla
ophaphathekile uyabonakala. Isembozo sobuso esimnyama
sisuka esweni ukuya ekhwapheni. Umzimba: Ubanzi futhi
uyisitubutubana ube nemilenze emifishane nekhanda
elifishane. I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane
siyizinhlayiya. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi alinawo
amamaki. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalo ulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane azinalo ulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni.
Izinzwane ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle ezimfishane.
Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anomphimbo omnyama
kakhudlwana noma onamabala. Izinsikazi zinomphimbo
ophaphathekile onamabala amnyama ambalwa. Izinsikazi zinkulu
ngokuphawulekayo kunawesilisa.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo yekhwelo emide enezikhawu, ngokuvamile
ehamba ngamibili noma ngamithathu eqoqweni ngalinye.
9. Isinana SakwaNdumo
Breviceps passmorei Minter, Netherlands, & Du Preez, 2017 | Ndumo Rain Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane, inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Umzimba oyisitubutubana, okungathi uvuvukele.
• Isembozo sobuso esigqamile.
• Akukho lulwebu emilenzeni nasemikhonweni.
• Ingaphansi elibushelelezi, elimhlophe futhi elingenamamaki.
• Umdunjana owodwa ngezansi kwamajoyinti ongalapho kuqala khona isandla.
• Uzwane olungaphakathi lude futhi lubanzi ngokulinganayo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 29
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 26 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinombala
womnqumo, ompunga noma osagolide ngokuphaphathekile
onezibhadu ezinsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokupinki
namachashaza amancane amnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi
kubonakala umugqa womgogodla ophaphathekile. Isembozo
sobuso esimnyama sisuka esweni ukuya lapho kuqala khona
umkhono. Umzimba: Ubanzi futhi uyisitubutubana nemilenze
emifishane, ubuso obuyisicaba nempumulo encane. I-tympanum
ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinhlayiyana kancane.
Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiyana
kancane futhi sinombala omhlophe namachashaza amnyama.
Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma
amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
azinalo ulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anesibhadu emphinjeni esimnyama
kakhudlwana noma esinamachashaza amnyama.
Indlela Yokukhala
Ikhwela elide, elidonsayo, lephimbo elincane eliphindwa njalo
ngemizuzwana emibili noma emithathu.
10. Isinana Sekhwela/Isinana Somthshingo
Breviceps sopranus Minter, 2003 | Whistling Rain Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Ubude nobubanzi bezinzwane ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle buyalingana.
• Imikhono nemilenze ayinalo ulwebu.
• Litholakala kuphela ezingxenyeni ezingasenyakatho yelaKwaZulu naseSwazini.
• Imidunjana esematheni onyawo ngaphakathi nangaphandle ihlukaniswe wumklayeko odephile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 30
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 43 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
esinamashandu amnyama futhi kaningi namachashaza anombala
we-orintshi kanye namanye amamaki aphaphathekile. Umzimba:
Mncane futhi uyisicaba unekhanda elibanzi nempumulo
ebuthuntu. Imilenze yangemuva mide ngokuphawulekayo
kunemikhono yangaphambili. I-tympanum iyabonakala.
Kubonakala izindlala zoketshezi ngemva kweso ngalinye.
Ingaphansi lizwakala sasikhumba esinjengesenkomo esishukiwe
futhi sinombala omhlophe ngokugqwalile namachashaza
amnyama ambalwa. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Iminwe
emibili yokuqala inokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Akukho mifincizo yesikhumba ematheni onyawo.
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungatheni futhi azinawo amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anomphimbo
ophuzi ukuya embaleni we-orintshi ngokunamandla kanye
nendawo yomphimbo emnyama.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo edonsayo ekloklozayo yephimbo elincane
eyenziwa ngokuthothana.
11. Ixoxo Elifishane
Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti (Hewitt & Methuen, 1913) | Northern Pygmy Toad
Les Minter
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• I-tympanum ibonakala ngokusobala.
• Isikhumba esinezinhlayiya empumulweni.
• Kwezinye izikhathi ingaphansi linamachashaza amnyama.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 31
12. Ixoxo Elibomvu
Schismaderma carens (Smith, 1848) | Red Toad
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 92 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esibomvu
okwesitini ukuya kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo esinamachashaza
amnyama mazansi nomhlane. Ngokuvamile kunogedla
lwezindlala olunombala omnyamana olusuka ngenhla kwe-
tympanum ukuya emlenzeni wangemuva. Umzimba: Lakheke
langaba likhulu kangako futhi lithe ukuba lincane kunamanye
amasele. Ikhanda elibanzi elinempumulo ebuthuntu. Imilenze
yangemuva mide ngokuphawulekayo kunemikhono ngaphambili.
I-tympanum iyabonakala.Indlala yoketshezi ayibonakali.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sisasikhumba esinjengesenkomo
esishukiwe futhi asinazo izindawo eziphakeme ezitholakala
kwamanye amasele. Ingaphansi linombala omhlophe
ngokugqwalile namachashaza amancane amnyama. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Kunomfincizo wesikhumba
ogqamile ematheni onyaweni. Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi
futhi azinawo amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Awesilisa akhwelayo anokusamiqamelwana
kokukhwelana eminweni emithathu yokuqala.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omude ophindaphindayo, osholo phansi othi hhuub.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• I-tympanum enkulu.
• Amamaki amnyamana amabili emuva nomhlane.
• Ugedla lwesikhumba olunezindlala ohlangothini lomzimba.
• Indlala yoketshezi ayibonakali.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 32
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 115 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esimpunga
njengomnqumo ukuya kokunsundu esinezibhadu ezimnyamana.
Izibhadu ezimnyamana emva kwamehlo zibumbene
zakha umudwa oqatha. Akukho zibhadu ezimnyamana
empumulweni. Umzimba: Ulugqinsi uqatha kanti unekhanda
elibanzi nempumulo ebuthuntu. Imilenze yangemuva mide
ngokuphawulekayo kunemikhono yangaphambili. I-tympanum
iyabonakala. Izindlala zoketshezi ezigqamile ngemva kweso
ngalinye. Isikhumba sasemhlane simahhedle futhi sembozwe
ngamaqhubu asazinsumpa. Ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya
lisasikhumba esinjengesenkomo esishukiwe, futhi simhlophe
ngokugqwalile. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Kunomfincizo wesikhumba ogqamile ematheni onyawo.
Izinzwane zinolwebu oluncane futhi azinawo amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anomphimbo
omnyamana nokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana eminweni
ngenkathi yokuzalana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo egedlezelayo ethi kwaa-kwaa efana nowedada.
13. Ixoxo Eliklabalasayo
Sclerophrys capensis Tshudi, 1838 | Raucous Toad
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Akukho mbala obomvu emathangeni.
• Akukho zibhadu ezimnyamana empumulweni.
• Izibhadu ezimnyamana ngemva kwamehlo zibumbana zakhe umudwa oqatha.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 33
14. Ixoxo Eliluhlaza Okotshani
Sclerophrys garmani (Meek, 1897) | Eastern Olive Toad
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 115 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ngokuphuzi ukuya kokuluhlaza okomnqumo esinezibhadu
ezinsundu ngokubomvana. Azikho izibhadu phezu kwempumulo.
Kwamaningi amaxoxo kunomugqa onsundu ngokuphaphathekile
emgogodleni. Umzimba: Ulugqinsi uqatha kanti unekhanda
elibanzi nempumulo ebuthuntu. Imilenze yangemuva mide
ngokuphawulekayo kunemikhono yangaphambili. I-tympanum
iyabonakala. Kubonakala izindlala zoketshezi ngokugqamile
ngemva kweso ngalinye. Isikhumba sasemhlane simahhedle
futhi sembozwe ngamaqhubu asazinsumpa. Ingaphansi
lizwakala linezinhlayiya futhi lisasikhumba esinjengesenkomo
esishukiwe futhi sinombala omhlophe ngokugqwalile. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Umbala obomvu
emathangeni. Izinzwane zinolwebu olungatheni futhi azinawo
amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anemiphimbo empunga ukuya kokumpunga ngokumnyama,
nokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana okumnyamana eminweni
engaphandle.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omkhulu, onjengowokukhala kwembongolo othi kwaa-kwaa.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Izibhadu ezimnyama ezisemva kwamehlo azihlangani zakhe umudwa oqatha.
• Akukho zibhadu ezimnyamana empumulweni.
• Umbala obomvu emilenzeni.
• Izindlala ngaphansi komkhono zakha umugqa wemidunjana ephaphathekile
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 34
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 120 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama esinezibhadu ezinsundu
ngokumnyama. Zikhathi thile kubonakala amachashaza
amancane athi mawabe phuzi phakathi kwezibhadu. Kwesinye
isikhathi kubonakala umugqa womgogodla onsundu. Izikhala
phakathi kwezibhadu ezimnyama ezihamba ngambili
empumulweni nangemuva kwamehlo zakha isiphambano
esiphaphathekile ekhanda. Umzimba: Ulugqinsi uqatha
unekhanda elibanzi nempumulo ebuthuntu. Imilenze yangemuva
mide ngokuphawulekayo kunemikhono yangaphambili.
I-tympanum iyabonakala. Kubonakala izindlala zoketshezi
ngokugqamile ngemva kweso ngalinye. Isikhumba sasemhlane
simahhedle futhi sembozwe ngamaqhubu asazinsumpa.
Ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya futhi lisasikhumba
esinjengesenkomo esishukiwe, kanti limhlophe ngokugqwalile.
Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma
amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Umbala
obomvu emathangeni. Izinzwane zinolwebu oluncane futhi
azinawo amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anemiphimbo emnyamana, kanye nokusamiqamelwana
kokukhwelana okumnyamana eminweni engaphandle.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omude wezwi elibhodlayo osakuhona kwexoxo ofana
nowokuwiswa kwebhola i-ping pong.
15. Ixoxo Lembodlomane
Sclerophrys gutturalis (Power, 1927) | Guttural Toad
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Umbala obomvu emathangeni.
• Izibhadu ezimnyama ezisemva kwamehlo azihlangani zakhe umudwa oqatha.
• Izikhala phakathi kwezibhadu ezimnyama ezihamba ngambili empumulweni nangemuva
kwamehlo zakha isiphambano esiphaphathekile ekhanda.
• Izindlala ngaphansi komkhono zakha umugqa wemidunjana ephaphathekile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 35
16. Ixoxo Lomhlane Oyisicaba
Sclerophrys pusilla (Mertens, 1937) | Flat-backed Toad
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 80 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama esinezibhadu ezinsundu
ngokumnyama. Ngokuvamile kubonakala umugqa omncanyana
emgogodleni. Izikhala eziphakathi kwezibhadu ezimnyama
ezihamba ngambili empumulweni nasemva kwamehlo zakha
isiphambano esiphaphathekile ekhanda esifana neseXoxo
Lembodlomane. Umzimba: Imilenze yangemuva mide
ngokuphawulekayo kunemikhono ngaphambili. Mkhulu
ngokusesilinganisweni kanti ufu thekile unekhanda elibanzi
nempumulo ebuthuntu. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Izindlala
zoketshezi emva kweso ngalinye azigqamile. Isikhumba
sasemhlane simahhedle futhi sembozwe yizinsumpa. Ingaphansi
lizwakala linezinhlayiya futhi limhlophe ngokugqwalile
libe namachashaza ampunga ngokumnyama. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Kunomfincizo wesikhumba
ogqamile ematheni onyawo. Iminwe inolwebu olungatheni futhi
awekho amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anomphimbo omnyama ngokuthe xaxa onombala ophuzi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo ophakeme ongemnandi osheshayo othi kwok-kwok-
kwok-kwok.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Izikhala phakathi kwezibhadu ezimnyama ezihamba ngambili empumulweni nangemuva
kwamehlo zakha isiphambano esiphaphathekile ekhanda.
• Akukho mbala obomvu emilenzeni.
• Izibhadu ezimnyama ezisemva kwamehlo azihlangani zakhe umudwa oqatha.
• Izindlala ngaphansi komkhono zakha umugqa wemidunjana ophaphathekile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 36
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 65 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ngokumnyama esinamamaki aluhlaza noma aphuzi. Imidwa
eqatha emnyama neminye emincanyana ephaphathekile
emathangeni. Umzimba: Uyisicaba futhi ubhungcene nempumulo
ayicijile. I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sinezinhlayiya. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe
ngokugqwalile libe namamaki ansundu ngokukhanyayo ngaphansi
komphimbo. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe inamagenqezana
emachosheni nolwebu. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
zinolwebu oluningi. Amagenqezana asemachosheni ezinzwane
makhulu kunawasemachosheni eminwe. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Izinsikazi zinkulu kunawesilisa. Awesilisa akhwelayo anemikhono
yangaphambili edumbile kanye nezincijo esifubeni naseminweni
engaphakathi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo wephimbo elincane, elinjengelensimbi yesikole.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu aphumele ngaphandle; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Amachopho ezinzwane naweminwe anamagenqezana.
• Izinzwane zinolwebu oluningi.
• Umfincizo wesikhumba esiyizinhlayiya ngemuva kwamehlo.
17. Isele Lasempophomeni
Hadromophryne natalensis (Hewitt, 1913) | Natal Cascade Frog
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 37
18. Isinana Esimabhadubhadu
Hemisus guttatus (Rapp, 1842) | Spotted Shovel-nosed Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 80 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinombala
womnqumo ngokumnyama esinanamachashaza aphuzi.
Awubonakali umugqa womgogodla. Umzimba: Uyindilinga emi
phuhle futhi unemilenze nemikhono emifishane enezinyama.
Ikhanda lincane liqinile, futhi linomfincizo wesikhumba ngemva
kwalo. I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sibushelelezi. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe.
Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe emikhulu engenalulwebu noma
amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
azinalo ulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anemiphimbo emnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo odonsayo wephimbo elincane ozizizayo.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane, inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle, kodwa kunzima
ukuyibona ngoba amehlo mancane.
• Awukho umugqa womgogodla.
• Amachashaza aphuzi agqamile phezu kombala onsundu ngokunsomi.
• Imikhono nemilenze ayinalo ulwebu.
• Umdunjana omkhulu ogobile osematheni onyawo ngaphakathi.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 38
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 55 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esimpunga
ngokukhanyayo ukuya ekubeni nsundu ngokukhanyayo
esinamamaki. Zikhathi thile kubonakala umugqa womgogodla.
Udebe olungenhla oluphuzi. Umzimba: Uyindilinga emi phuhle
futhi unemilenze nemikhono emifishane enezinyama. Impumulo
elukhuni ecije kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukumba. Ikhanda lincane
liqinile, futhi linomfincizo wesikhumba ngemuva. I-tympanum
ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi ukuya ekubeni
sazinhlayiya kancane. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi
futhi limhlophe. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe emikhulu
engenalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu olungatheni futhi azinawo
amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anemiphimbo emnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo odonsayo wephimbo elincane ozizizayo ohlala cishe
imizuzwana emi-5.
19. Isinana Esipendiwe
Hemisus marmoratus (Peters, 1854) | Mottled Shovel-nosed Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle, kodwa kunzima
ukuyibona ngoba amehlo mancane.
• Ulwebu olungeluningi ezinzwaneni.
• Umhlane obonisa imithambo yegazi kanye nodebe olungenhla oluphuzi.
• Zikhathi thile kubonakala umugqa womgogodla.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 39
20. Umgqagqa Oyigolide
Afrixalus aureus Pickersgill, 1984 | Golden Leaf-folding Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 24 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokuphuzi okuyigolide
ngokukhanyayo. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlangothi ziba nomugqa
omnyamana osuka empumulweni ukuya lapho kuqala
khona umlenze wangemuva futhi kuyenzeka lo mugqa ube
namachashaza amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala
umugqa womgogodla olufifi. Umzimba: Mncane uwumbhoxo
futhi unempumulo ecijile. I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sibushelelezi, kodwa izincijo ezincanyana
zemboza ikhanda nempumulo. Ingaphansi limhlophe futhi
lizwakala libushelelezi kodwa lingase libe nezincijo endaweni
yomphimbo. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe inamagenqezana
emachosheni nolwebu olungatheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Umugqa omnyamana embaluleni. Izinzwane zinamagenqezana
emachosheni kanye nolwebu olungeluningi. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Kwawesilisa umphimbo wembozwe yigenqezana
elinombala we-orintshi ogqamile. Futhi awesilisa anezincijo
ezincane ezisakazeke emhlane.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo ozizizayo omfishane ophindaphindwayo.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Kwawesilisa yonke indawo yomphimbo yembozwe yigenqezana lomphimbo.
• Imbalule inomugqa omnyamana odabula kuyo.
• Ulwebu olungatheni eminweni kanye nolwebu olungeluningi ezinzwaneni.
• Iningi lamaxoxo alinazo izincijo ngaphansi.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 40
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 22 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka phakathi
kokuphuzi nokunsundu okungafani. Izinhlangothi zike zibe
nomugqa omnyamana osuka empumulweni ukuya lapho kuqala
khona umlenze wangemuva futhi zikhathi thile lo mugqa uba
namachashaza amancanyana. Kwesinye isikhathi umugqa
womgogodla uyabonakala. Umzimba: Mncane futhi uwumbhoxo
ube nempumulo ecijile. I-t ympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sinezincijo ezisakazekile. Ingaphansi lizwakala
linezinhlayiya kancane futhi linezincijo ezisakazekile nokho
ezithothene maphakathi nesisu. Imikhono Yangaphambili:
Iminwe inamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu olungatheni.
Imilenze Yangemuva: Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala umdweshu
obanzi ethanjeni elingaphakathi komlenze ongezansi. Izinzwane
zinamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu olungeluningi.
Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anegenqezana lasemphinjeni
eliphuzi noma elinombala we-orintshi elemboza ingxenye
yendawo yomphimbo.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omude ozizizayo ohambisana nomsindo wephimbo
elincane othi zik.
21. Umgqagqa Othambile
Afrixalus delicatus Pickersgill, 1984 | Delicate Leaf-folding Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Ingxenye yendawo yomphimbo yembozwe yigenqezana.
• Kwezinye izikhathi kubonakala umdweshu obanzi embaluleni.
• Azikho izincijo ezincane ezithothene ekhanda.
• Ingaphansi linezincijo ezithothene maphakathi nesisu.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 41
22. Umgqagqa Omkhulu
Afrixalus fornasinii (Bianconi, 1849) | Greater Leaf-folding Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 40 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
esinamachashaza amancane amhlophe. Kunomdweshu
onombala wolaza noma ophaphathekile osuka echosheni
lempumulo, ohlukanayo ngaphambi kwamehlo bese wakha
okumise kuka-V okunsundu maphakathi nendawo. Lo mugqa
uqhubeka udlule phezu kwamehlo, ugudle izinhlangothi uye
entunjeni yomzimba. Umdweshu onombala ofanayo ubonakala
engxenyeni engaphezulu yembalule. Umzimba: Mkhulu
kuneminye iMigqagqa futhi umzimba uwumbhoxo onempumulo
ecijile. Umhlane wembozwe yizincijo ezincane kanti ucijo
ngalunye luphezu kwechashaza elimhlophe. Ingaphansi lizwakala
liyizinhlayiya futhi limhlophe ngokugqwalile kanti alinazo
izincijo. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe inolwebu olugqamile
namagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
zinolwebu olugqamile namagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anegenqezana endaweni yomphimbo.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo othi k’lak-k’lak ophindwa ngokushesha bese ulandelwa
ngozizizayo omfishane osholo phansi.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Ingxenye engaphezulu yembalule lembozwe wumdweshu ophaphathekile.
• Izincijo phezu kobufahlafahla bamabala amhlophe.
• Likhulu kuneminye iMigqagqa.
• Ingaphansi alinazo izincijo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 42
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 34 mm. Umbala: Amaxoxo esilisa
anesikhumba esimpunga noma esiluhlaza kanye namachashaza
amancane ansundu emhlane. Izinhlangothi zinomdweshu ophuzi
onemiphetho emnyama. Izinsikazi zinesikhumba esinsunjwana
sansomi. Kunomdweshu ophuzi onemiphetho emnyama omise
okuka-V ohamba ukusuka esweni uye echosheni lempumulo bese
uqhubekela kwelinye iso. Lo mdweshu kuyenzeka uqhubekele
ezinhlangothini uwumdweshu obumbene noma uhlukane ube
wuchunge lwamachashaza ezinhlangothini zomzimba. Umzimba:
Uwumbhoxo kancane kuneminye imigqagqa kanti impumulo
iyindilinga. I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sibushelelezi. Ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya futhi linombala
omhlophe noma ophuzi. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
inolwebu namagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane ezinolwebu oluningi namagenqezana emachosheni.
Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:. Awesilsia nezinsikazi anesikhumba
namamaki okunombala ongafani. Awesilsa akhwelayo
anemiphimbo enezinhlayiya ephuzi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo ophindaphindwa ngokushesha othi k’lak-k’lak.
23. Umgqagqa i-Argus
Hyperolius argus Peters, 1854 | Argus Reed Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Amamaki asemhlane ahluke ngokuphawulekayo kunawezinye izinhlobo.
• Umzimba uwumbhoxo kancane kunoweminye imigqagqa.
• Izingxenye zomzimba ezicashile zinombala we-orintshi ukuya kokunsundu.
♀
♂
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 43
24. Umgqagqa Opendiwe
Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842 | Painted Reed Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 33 mm. Umbala: Umbala wesikhumba
namaphethini kunokuhlukahluka okukhulu. Leli xoxo
linezinhlotshana ezingaphansi ezintathu kanti zinombala oya
ngokuthi zihlala maphi nezwe. Ezimbili zalezi zinhlotshana
zitholakala KwaZulu-Natali. Olulodwa uhlotshana lunamaphethini
elinamamaki ansundu, amnyama, anombala we-orintshi naphuzi.
Olunye lunemishwe emnyama, ebomvu, emhlophe nephuzi
esuka empumulweni ukuya entunjeni yomzimba ukudabula
phezu kwemilenze nemikhono. Umzimba: Uthi ukuba mude
kanti impumulo iyindilinga. I-t ympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sibushelelezi. Ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya
kanti limhlophe noma lipinki. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
inamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu olungatheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu
olungeluningi. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa akhwelayo
anomdunjana ompunga emphinjeni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omfishane oyikhwela elisholo phezulu othi wwip-wwip
ophindwa njalo ngomzuzwana.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Impumulo eyindilinga.
• Amaphethini agqamile emhlane.
• Izingxenye zomzimba ezicashile zinombala obomvu.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 44
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 29 mm. Umbala: Amaxoxo esilisa
anesikhumba esinsundu esinomdweshu omhlophe ukuya
embaleni wesiliva osuka empumulweni, udlule phezu kweso,
ukuya lapho kuqala khona umlenze wangemuva. Amaxoxo
ezinsikazi anombala ophuzi saluhlaza ogqamile futhi awanayo
imidweshu, kodwa esikhundleni angase abe nomushwe
omnyamana ohlangothini lwempumulo. Umzimba: Mncane
futhi uwumbhoxo kanti impumulo ithi mayicije. I-tympanum
ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya. Ingaphansi
lizwakala libushelelezi futhi linombala othi mawube phuzi
ukuya kokumhlophe. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
inamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu olungatheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu
olugqamile. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa nezinsikazi
anemibala engafani njengoba kushiwo ngenhla.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo ofana nowezinambuzane osholo phansi.
25. Umgqagqa Ka-Pickersgill
Hyperolius pickersgilli Raw, 1982 | Pickersgill’s Reed Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Amaphethini emibala yasemhlane ayahluka kweyeminye imigqagqa.
• Izingxenye ezicashile zomzimba azinambala.
• Atholakala kuphela ezingxenyeni ezithile zaKwaZulu-Natali.
♂ ♀
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 45
26. Umgqagqa Omude
Hyperolius poweri Loveridge, 1938 | Power’s Long Reed Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 22 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ukuya kokuluhlaza esinamachashaza amancane amnyama.
Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala umugqa womgogodla. Amaxoxo
athile anomugqa ophaphathekile osuka esweni ukuya lapho
kuqala khona umlenze wangemuva. Umzimba: Mncane
ubhungcene futhi unempumulo ecijile ephumela ngale komhlathi
ongezansi. I-tympanum ayibonakali. Ingaphansi lizwakala
libushelelezi, libonakala sangilazi engabonisi kahle futhi
limhlophe okusasiliva. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Ngaphansi
izandla zinamachashaza amancane amnyama. Iminwe inolwebu
olungatheni namagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Ngaphansi izinyawo zinamachashaza amancane amnyama.
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi namagenqezana emachosheni.
Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa akhwelayo anomphimbo
ophuzi nomushwe omhlophe ogqamile osuka ezinhlangothini
udabule esweni ukuya empumulweni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo onokhahlo othi dziii-dziii ofana nowokukhala
kwezinambuzane.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Umzimba owumbhoxo nekhala elicijile kakhulu.
• Izingxenye ezicashile zomzimba zinombala wengilazi engabonisi kahle futhi ziluhlaza noma ziphuzi.
• Imibala egqamile namaphethini emhlane nangaphansi.
Ina de Koker
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 46
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 25 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esiluhlaza
esibonisa ngalé njengengilazi, okuthi zikhathi thile sibe
namachashaza amancane amnyama noma imishwe elufifi.
Ngokuvamile umugqa womgogodla awubonakali. Umzimba:
Mncane futhi uyisicaba kanti ikhanda libanzi. Impumulo
ayicijile futhi amaphethelo ayindilinga. I-tympanum ayibonakali.
Ingaphansi libonisa ngalé njengengilazi futhi liluhlaza. Kwesinye
isikhathi izitho zangaphakathi komzimba ziyabonakala uma
libhekwa ngaphansi. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
inamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu olungatheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu
olungeluningi. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa akhwelayo
anengoxwana emhlophe emphinjeni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Imisindo esakunxapha engazwakali kahle yephimbo elincane ethi
tshik-tshik.
27. Umgqagqa Weminduze
Hyperolius pusillus (Cope, 1862) | Water Lily Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Izingxenye zomzimba ezicashile zicishe zibonise ngalé kanti ziluhlaza noma ziphuzi.
• Impumulo ebuthuntu eyindilinga.
• Umbala namaphethini emhlane kuhlukile kokweminye imigqagqa, kodwa umuntu angase
alidide noMgqagqa Omude.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 47
28. Umgqagqa Wemigqa Ephuzi
Hyperolius semidiscus Hewitt, 1927 | Yellow-striped Reed Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 35 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esiluhlaza
noma esinsundu okomnqumo. Umdweshu ophuzi usuka
empumulweni, udlule phezu kwamehlo, uye ezinhlangothini.
Lo mdweshu ophuzi uzungezwe wumugqa omncanyana
omnyama. Zikhathi thile lo mdweshu ophuzi uyahlakazeka
ube ngamachashaza ezinhlangothini zomzimba. Umzimba:
Ugqishelene unempumulo ebuthuntu eyindilinga. I-tympanum
ayibonakali. Ingaphansi lizwakala linezinyayiya futhi linombala
omhlophe ngokugqwalile ukuya kokuphuzi. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe inamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu
olungatheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Ngokuvamile kubonakala
amachashaza aphuzi emilenzeni. Izinzwane zinamagenqezana
emachosheni nolwebu olungeluningi. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa akhwelayo anomdunjana emphinjeni oyisiyingi
esiwuhhafu ophuzi ngokumnyama.
Indlela Yokukhala
Ukuklokloza okunokhahlo okulandelwa wumsindo omfishane
onjengowenyekevu.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Izingxenye zomzimba ezicashile zibomvu sambala we-orintshi.
• Amaphethini ombala emhlane ahlukile kwaweminye imigqagqa.
• Umzimba awuwona umbhoxo futhi impumulo iyindilinga.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 48
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 36 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esiluhlaza
okwelayimi noma esiphuzi. Kwezinye izikhathi kubonakala
unxantathu ophaphathekile phakathi kwamehlo. Amaxoxo
angakaqedi ukukhula anombala onsundu noma oluhlaza
onamamaki. Umzimba: Ugqishelene unempumulo ecinjile.
I-tympanum ayibonakali. Ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya
futhi linombala wolaza. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
inamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu olungatheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinamagenqezana emachosheni nolwebu
olungeluningi. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa akhwelayo
anomdunjana ophuzi emphinjeni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo emi-2 noma emi-3 ethi tha-tha bese kuba
nokuthula isikhathi eside ezikhaleni.
29. Umgqagqa Oluhlaza Okotshani
Hyperolius tuberilinguis Smith, 1849 | Tinker Reed Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Iphethini lemibala lihlukile kweleminye imigqagqa.
• Izingxenye zomzimba ezicashile ziphuzi ukuya embaleni we-orintshi.
• Umzimba awumude kanti impumulo icijile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 49
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 49 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esithi masibe
phuzi kanye nomdweshu omnyama emgogodleni. Ohlangothini
ngalunye lo mdweshu omnyama emgogodleni kunemidweshu
emnyama emibili ehamba iba nezikhala. Akubonakali mugqa
emgogodleni. Umzimba: Umise okwenhlamvu yesibhamu kanti
impumulo imfishane iyindilinga. I-tympanum ayibonakali kahle.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi. Ingaphansi limhlophe
ngokugqwalile futhi lizwakala linezinhlayiya ezingxenyeni ezithile
kwezinye libe bushelelezi. Imikhono Yangaphambili:. Iminwe
inolwebu kancane kanti awekho amagenqezana emachosheni
Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu kancane kanti
awekho amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anomdunjana owumbhoxo emphinjeni onemifincizo
emnyama emaceleni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omfishane othi bhoyp ophindwa emva kwesikhathi
eside. Lo msindo ufana nowokuconsa kwamanzi.
30. UKassina Obhadlayo
Kassina senegalensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) | Bubbling Kassina
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Umushwe ohlangene emgogodleni oneminye emibili emaceleni.
• Imilenze nemikhono kumhlophe.
• Imilenze nemikhono akunawo amagenqezana emachosheni.
• Umdunjana wasemphinjeni owumbhoxo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 50
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 68 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba
esinsundu sampunga ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokumpunga
esinamachashaza ansundu ngokumnyama azungezwe
wumphetho ophaphathekile. Awubonakali umugqa womgogodla.
Umzimba: Umise okwenhlamvu yesibhamu kanti impumuIo
imfishane iyindilinga. I-tympanum ayibonakali kahle. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sibushelelezi ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiya kancane.
Ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya futhi limhlophe. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Amakhwapha anombala obomvu. Iminwe
inemidunjana equmbile emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Imilenze yangemuva inombala obomvu lapho iqala khona.
Izinzwane zinemidunjana equmbile emachosheni nolwebu
olungatheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anomdunjana
onsundu ngokumpunga kanti kubonakala imifincizo yengoxwana
yezwi ezinhlangothini.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omfishane ohlabayo othi kwak noma wep.
31. UKassina Wemilenze Ebomvu
Phlyctimantis maculatus (Duméril, 1853) | Red-legged Kassina
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso imi phuhle.
• Umbala obomvu emakhwapheni nalapho kuqala khona imilenze yangemuva.
• Imidunjana equmbile emachosheni eminwe nezinzwane.
• Amachashaza amakhulu amnyama esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 51
32. Isele Elisanjoloba Elinemigqa
Phrynomantis bifasciatus (Smith, 1847) | Banded Rubber Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 65 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
komnyama ukuya kowombala wegolide ngokumnyama. Imishwe
emibili ebomvu isuka empumulweni, idlule phezu kwamehlo, iye
ezinhlangothini. Omunye umushwe usezansi nomzimba, ngenhla
kwentunja yomzimba. Amachashaza ahlukahluka ukusuka
kwabomvu ukuya kwamhlophe abonakala ezinhlangothini,
eduze naphezu kwemilenze nemikhono. Umzimba: Uyisicaba,
uwumbhoxo futhi umise okweganandoda unemilenze nemikhono
emide engemikhulu. Intamo ende, ikhanda elincane nempumulo
ebuthuntu. I-tympanum incane. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sibushelelezi futhi sisanjoloba. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi
futhi lisanjoloba, futhi linombala ompunga onamamaki amhlophe.
Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe inolwebu olungatheni kanye
namagenqezana amancane emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungatheni kanye namagenqezana
amancane emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anemiphimbo emnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omude, wephimbo elincane elisamculo elitirizayo lithi
pirrrrrrrrr.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso iyisiyingi.
• Ingaphansi elimpunga elinamachashaza amhlophe.
• Ulwebu olungatheni emilenzeni nasemikhonweni.
• Imidweshu emibili esuka empumulweni ukuya ezinhlangothini.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 52
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 30 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokunsundu sampunga ukuya kokunsundu ngokukhayanyo
(tan). Emgogodleni kuvame ukubonakala umugqa omncanyana
onsundu ngokukhanyayo noma umdweshu obanzi. Kwesinye
isikhathi kubonakala amashandu amnyama. Umzimba: Mncane
uyisitubutubana ube nekhanda elibhungcene nempumulo
ecijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Izingedla zesikhumba
ezihamba ngambili ezimise okuka-V obheke phansi zisuka
emehlweni ukuya eduze kwamahlombe. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sibushelelezi sibe nezinsumpa ezimbalwa. Ingaphansi linamamaki
ampunga. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane zinolwebu oluhlukahlukayo. Amachopho ezinzwane
adumbile. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anengobo
emnyama emphinjeni. Izinsikazi zinengobo emnyama emphinjeni
enamachashaza amancane. Awesilisa ananemifincizwana
emincane engotsheni yezwi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo onensayo onganqamuki kodwa onokhahlo othi waak,
waak, waak.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu, inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Akukho midweshu emhlathini.
• Imidumbe emachosheni ezinzwane.
• Iningi lesikhumba sasemhlane libushelelezi.
• Ugedla lwesikhumba olumise okuka-V obheke phansi ukusuka emehlweni kuye eduze
kwamahlombe.
33. Isele Lechibi Lasempumalanga Afrika
Phrynobatrachus acridoides (Cope, 1867) | East African Puddle Frog
vincent Carruthers
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 53
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 21 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokumpunga kuya kokunsundu, unamamaki amnyama noma
akhanyayo. Kwezinye izikhathi emgogodleni kubonakala
umugqa ophuzi, oluhlaza noma obomvu. Imihlathi engenhla
nengezansi inemidweshu ehambelanayo. Umzimba: Mncane
usitubutubana kanti ikhanda libhuncene nempumulo icijile.
Ngokuvamile i-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sinamaqhubu amancane amaningi asazinsumpa kuthi eduze
namahlombe kube khona amabili alinganisene amakhudlwana
ngokuphawulekayo. Ingaphansi libushelelezi futhi linombala
ohlukahluka ukusuka komhlophe esiswini ukuya emachashazeni
amancane ampunga esifubeni. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu olungatheni futhi azinawo
amagenqezana emachosheni.. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
athe ukuba mancane futhi imiphimbo yawo imnyamana noma
inamachashaza amancane ampunga.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo ozizizayo okungathi ngowesinambuzane. Kaningi lo
msindo ulandelwa ngokungathi kusakunxapha.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Imilenze nemikhono akunawo amagenqezana emachosheni.
• Umhlathi ongenhla nongezansi inemidweshu ehambelanayo.
• Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinsumpa eziningi ezincanyana nezinye ezimbili ngasemahlombe.
34. Isele Lechibi Elifishane
Phrynobatrachus mababiensis FitzSimmons, 1932 | Dwarf Puddle Frog
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 54
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 40 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokumpunga ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokumpunga ngokumnyama
noma okunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokunsundu
ngokumnyama. Zikhathi thile kubonakala umugqa womgogodla
onsundu ngokukhayanyo noma oluhlaza ngokukhanyayo
noma umdweshu obanzi emgogodleni. Amamaki asemhlane
ayahlukahluka. Umzimba: Mncane uyisitubutubana ube
nekhanda elibhungcene nempumulo ecijile. I-tympanum
ayibonakali kahle. Isikhumba sasemhlane sihlukahluka ukusuka
kokuthi makube bushelelezi ukuya kokunezinsumpa eziningi
kakhulu. Izinsumpa ezinkulu ezimbili eduze kwamahlombe.
Ugedlana oluncane lwesikhumba lusuka emehlweni ukuya
emkhonweni wangaphambili. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi
futhi linombala wolaza. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Umfincizo wesikhumba ogqamile ematheni onyawo.
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi kanti kwesinye isikhathi
amachopho aba nemidumba. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anomphimbo ompunga ngokumnyama kanti ingoxwana yezwi
inemifincizo evundle emhlathini.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo onensayo okloklozayo othi grrr-ooooo grrr-oooo.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Akukho midweshu emhlathini ongenhla noma ongezansi.
• Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi.
• Isikhumba esibushelelezi ukuya kwesinezinsumpa kanti kunezinsumpa ezinkulu ezimbili eduze
kwamahlombe.
• Kwezinye izikhathi izinzwane ziba namachopho adumbile.
35. Isele Lechibi Elihonayo
Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith, 1849) | Snoring Puddle Frog
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 55
36. Ixoxo Elihlotshisiwe
Hildebrandtia ornata (Peters, 1878) | Ornate Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 70 mm. Umbala: Unsundu okukhanyayo
noma umpunga ube namaphethini anhlangothi ziyahambelana
(symmetrical) anombala we-orintshi, aluhlaza kanye na
noma ansundu ngokusagolide. Kuvame ukubonakala
umugqa womgogodla onsundu noma oluhlaza, amashandu
amnyamana agudla umugqa womgogodla. Kuneshandu
elinsundu ngokumnyama ngenhla kweso ngalinye. Izinhlangothi
zinanamashandu amnyama. Umzimba: Wakheke waqina
ube nemilenze emifishane nempumulo ecijile. I-tympanum
iyabonakala emaxoxweni amakhulu. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sithi ukuba nezinhlayiya futhi asinazo izinsumpa. Ingaphansi
lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe. Umphimbo omnyama
onamamaki amise okuka-Y. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinawo amagenqezana emachosheni noma ulwebu. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi futhi azinawo
amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anezingobo ezimbili emaceleni eziyizingoxwana
zezwi ezingaphambi ngqo kwemikhono yangaphambili (bheka
izingoxwana zezwi emfanekisweni osekhasini 7).
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omude onswininizayo othi kwe-kwe.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Awesilisa anezingoxwana zezwi emaceleni.
• Umphimbo omnyama onamamaki amise okuka-Y.
• Amaphethini aqatha anhlangothi ziyahambelana emhlane.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 56
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 62 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka
ukusuka kokumpunga ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumpunga
ngokumnyama noma unsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokunsundu
ngokubomvana. Ngokuvamile impumulo iphaphatheke
kakhudlwana kunawo wonke umzimba futhi umbala
ophaphathekile wakha unxantathu. Isembozo sobuso esimnyama
sisuka empumulweni, sidlule esweni ukuya emkhonweni
wangaphambili. Akubonakali mugqa emgogodleni. Umzimba:
Ulolongekile waba nemilenze yangemuva emide enamandla.
Ikhanda libhungcene, impumulo icijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sithi ukuba nezinhlayiya sibe nezingedla
ezicolekile futhi asinazo izinsumpa. Ingaphansi lizwakala
libushelelezi futhi kaningi limhlophe. Imikhono Yangaphambili:
Iminwe ayinawo amagenqezana emachosheni noma ulwebu.
Imilenze Yangemuva: Umfincizo wesikhumba ogqamile
ematheni onyawo. Izinzwane ezinolwebu oluningi ezingenawo
amagenqezana emachosheni. Amamaki amnyama emathangeni
avame ukubumbana akhe imidweshu. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Kwawesilisa izingoxwana zezwi ziba yimifincizo eyenza izingobo
ezinhlangothini.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo otirizayo wezwi elithi malibe phezulu othi prrrrrt-prrrrrt.
37. Uvete Olujwayelekile
Ptychadena anchietae (Bocage, 1867) | Plain Grass Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Impumulo iphaphatheke kakhudlwana kunomzimba wonke.
• Imbalule yinde kunonyawo.
• Amamaki amnyama ngemuva kwethanga avame ukubumbana akhe imidweshu.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 57
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 53 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokumpunga ukuya kokunsundu ube namashandu amnyama. La
mashandu amnyama ayatholakala futhi nasemgqeni womgogodla.
Umzimba: Ulolongekile waba nemilenze yangemuva emide
enamandla. Ikhanda libhungcene, impumulo icijile. I-tympanum
iyabonakala. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezingedla. Ugedla
olugqamile olunsundu ngokuphaphathekile lusuka esweni
ukuya endaweni yembilapho. Ingaphansi libushelelezi
limhlophe, futhi kwezinye izikhathi linamachashaza amancane
ampunga. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi futhi azinawo amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Emphinjeni awesilisa
anemiklayeko engalinganisene ukugudla umhlathi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo ethi kwe-kwe enjengeyesikhukhukazi
esinamachwane.
38. Uvete Olunomugqa Obanzi
Ptychadena mossambica (Peters, 1854) | Broad-banded Grass Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Imbalule yinde kunonyawo.
• Zikhathi thile imbalule inomugqa ophaphathekile.
• Impumulo ayinawo umbala ohlukile kowomzimba wonke.
• Amamaki aphuzi emuva kwamathanga.
• Ukhona umdunjana wangaphandle ematheni onyawo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 58
39. Uvete LwaseMaskarina
Ptychadena nilotica (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) | Mascarene Grass Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 58 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esiluhlaza
noma esinsundu ngokuvamile esinamachashaza aluhlaza noma
ansundu. Ngokuvamile kubonakala umugqa womgogodla
onsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokuluhlaza. Umzimba:
Ulolongekile waba nemilenze yangemuva emide enamandla.
Ikhanda libhungcene, impumulo icijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezingedla kanti kunogedla olunsundu
ngokuphaphathekile olusuka esweni ukuya endaweni yembilapho.
Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi flimhlophe ngokugqwalile
ukuya kokuphuzi. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
engenamagenqezana emachosheni noma ulwebu. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Umfincizo wesikhumba ogqamile ematheni onyawo.
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi futhi azinawo amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa akhwelayo
anokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana okudumbile eminweni
emithathu engaphakathi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo okungathi owedada othi wa-wa-wa, olandelwa yimisindo
okungathi eyesikhukhukazi esinamachwane.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Ingemuva lemilenze linemidwa eyehlayo emnyama nephuzi.
• Imbalule inomugqa ophaphathekile.
• Imbalule imfishane kunonyawo.
• Impumulo inombala ofanayo nowomzimba wonke.
• Awukho umdunjana wangaphandle ematheni onyawo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 59
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 85 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka
ukusuka nsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokungathi kuluhlaza
okunamashandu amnyama amancane kunamehlo. Kwezinye
izikhathi kunomugqa emgogodleni. Impumulo inonxantathu
othe ukuphaphatheka kunomzima wonke. Umzimba Mkhulu
kunowezinye eziningi iZimvete. Ulolongekile waba nemilenze
yangemuva emide enamandla. Ikhanda libhungcene, impumulo
icijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sinezingedla. Kunogedla olugqamile olunombala wolaza
osuka ngaphansi kweso ukuya emkhonweni wangaphambili.
Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe libe nezindawo
eziphuzi. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane ezinolwebu oluningi ezingenawo amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa akhwelayo
anokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana kanye nemiklayeko
emphinjeni ethe ukuba mnyama futhi yagqama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo etirizayo yezwi elithi ukuba phezulu ethi
prrr-prrr.
40. Uvete Olunempumulo Ecijile
Ptychadena oxyrhynchus (Smith, 1849) | Sharp-nosed Grass Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Akukho mugqa ophaphathekile embaluleni futhi imbalule yinde kunonyawo.
• Amathanga anamamaki ngemuva.
• Imbalule yinde kunonyawo.
• Impumulo iphaphathekile kunawo wonke umzimba.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 60
41. Uvete Olunemigqa
Ptychadena porosissima (Steindachner, 1867) | Striped Grass Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 49 mm. Umbala: Linombala wolaza
ukuya kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo libe namashandu ansundu.
Umgogodla unomugqa onsundu ngokuphaphathekile. Impumulo
inombala ofanayo nowomzimba. Umzimba: Ulolongekile
waba nemilenze yangemuva emide enamandla. Ikhanda
libhungcene, impumulo icijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezingedla. Ugedla olugqamile
olunsundu ngokuphaphathekile lusuka esweni ukuya endaweni
yembilapho. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe
kanti linezindawo eziphuzi. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Umfincizo wesikhumba omncane engxenyeni
engemuva yonyawo. Izinzwane ezinolwebu oluningi ezingenawo
amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anezingoxwana zezwi ezimbili ezingotsheni ezisemaceleni
endaweni yomphimbo.
Indlela Yokukhala
Imisindo emifishane emithathu noma emine ethi prii-prii
okungathi ngowenyoni.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Impumulo inombala ofanayo nowomzimba.
• Imbalule inomugqa ophaphathekile.
• Imbalule ithe ukuba yinde kunonyawo.
• Ingemuva lamathanga linamachashaza aphaphathekile namamaki amnyama.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 61
42. Uvete Olufishane
Ptychadena taenioscelis Laurent, 1954 | Dwarf Grass Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 40 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
esinamamaki awunxande ansundu ngokumnyama. Kwesinye
isikhathi kubonakala umugqa womgogodla ophaphathekile.
Kuvame ukuba nesembozo sobuso esimnyama esisuka
empumulweni, esidlula emehlweni. Umzimba: Ulolongekile waba
nemilenze yangemuva emide enamandla. Ikhanda libhungcene,
impumulo icijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba sasemhlane
sinezingedla. Ugedla olugqamile olunsundu ngokuphaphathekile
noma olunombala we-orintshi usuka esweni ukuya endaweni
yembilapho. Ingaphansi libushelelezi futhi limhlophe
ngokugqwalile ukuya kokuphuzi. Imikhono Yangaphambili:
Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni.
Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi futhi
azinawo amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anengoxwana enomugqa omnyama emphinjeni.
Awesilisa akhwelayo anokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana
eminweni emithathu engaphakathi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo owodwa omfishane ngomzuzwana osakukhala kwemvu.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Impumulo inombala ofanayo nowomzimba.
• Ingemuva lamathanga liphuzi futhi linemigqa elinganisene.
• Imbalule imfishane kunonyawo, futhi ayinawo umugqa ophaphathekile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 62
43. Idwi Elijwayelekile
Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) | Common Platanna
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 147 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba
esinsundu ngokumnyama noma esimpunga esinamashandu
amnyama. Akubonakali mugqa emgogodleni. Kunemidwa
eqatha ezinhlangothini. Umzimba: Ulolongekile, uthi mawube
yisicaba futhi unesakheko sombhoxo. Impumulo iyindilinga
kanti amehlo aphezulu ekhanda esikhundleni sasemaceleni.
Ngaphansi kwamehlo kubonakala izimponjwana ezincane.
Imilenze yangemuva idlakele futhi inamandla. I-tympanum
ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi. Ingaphansi
lizwakala libushelelezi, limhlophe, futhi zikhathi thile linamamaki
ampunga. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe emincanyana emide
engenalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu olugcwele kanti azinawo
amagenqezana emachosheni. Iminwe emithathu engaphakathi
inamazipho okugxavula. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Imifincizo
yentunja yomzimba idumbe kakhudlwana ezinsikazini. Ngenkathi
yokuzalana imikhono yawesilisa inezimpama ezidumbile.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo onganqamuki ohonayo owenziwa ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane awanajwabu lokucwayiza; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso iyisiyingi.
• Uphonjwana olungaphansi kweso lufishane kunohhafu we-diameter yeso.
• Impumulo eyindilinga namehlo aphezulu ekhanda.
• Ingaphansi elimnyama, okuthi ngezinye izikhathi libe namamaki ampunga.
• Kubonakala imidwa ezinhlangothini, engama-24 noma ngaphezulu.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 63
44. Idwi Lika-Müller
Xenopus muelleri (Peters, 1844) | Müller’s Platanna
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 90 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ngokumnyama noma esimpunga esinamashandu amnyama.
Akubonakali mugqa emgogodleni. Kunemidwa eqatha
ezinhlangothini. Umzimba: Ulolongekile, waba sasicaba futhi
uwumbhoxo. Impumulo iyindilinga kanti amehlo aphezulu ekhanda
esikhundleni sokuba seceleni. Kunezimponjwana ezincane
ngezansi kwamehlo. Imilenze yangemuva edlakele enamandla.
Ayikho i-tympanum. Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi futhi
siyashelela. Ingaphansi libushelelezi libe nezindawo ezimpunga
ngokukhanyayo neziphuzi sambala we-orintshi. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe ebhungcene emide engenalulwebu noma
amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
zinolwebu olugcwele kanti azinawo amagenqezana emachosheni.
Iminwe yangaphakathi inezinzipho zokugxavula. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Imifincizo yentunja yomzimba idumbe kakhudlwana
ezinsikazini. Ngenkathi yokuzalana awesilisa anezimpama
ezidumbile emikhonweni yangaphambili.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo esakukhala kwensimbi ethi tha tha
eyenziwa ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: mancane awanalo ijwabu lokucwayiza; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso
iyisiyingi.
• Uphonjwana olungaphansi kweso lude kunohhafu we-diameter yeso.
• Impumulo eyindilinga namehlo aphezulu ekhanda.
• Kubonakala imidwa ohlangothini ngalunye, engama-22–27.
• Ingaphansi linezindawo ezimpunga ngokukhanyayo nezinombala we-orintshi okusaphuzi.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 64
45. Isele Elithambile Elijwayelekile
Cacosternum boettgeri (Boulenger, 1882) | Boettger’s Caco
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 23 mm. Umbala: Imibala namaphethini
kuhlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuyizici ezingenakuthenjwa ngenjongo
yokuhlonza. Amaxoxo ngamanye ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo angase
abe nemidwa, imidweshu noma amashandu futhi angase abonise
uhla lwemibala emnyama ehlanganisa ubuluhlaza, ubunsundu,
umbala we-orintshi nobumpunga okungafani. Isembozo sobuso
esimnyama sisuka empumulweni, sidabule esweni ne-tympanum,
ukuya lapho kuqala khona umkhono ongaphambili. Umugqa
ophaphathekile odebeni olungenhla. Umzimba: Mncane,
welulekile futhi uthi mawube yisicaba. Ikhanda libhungcene,
impumulo iyindilinga. I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sibushelelezi ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiya kancane.
Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe ngokugqwalile
libe namachashaza ampunga. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ebhungcene engenalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni.
Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane ezibhungcene ezingenalo ulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anomphimbo onsundu ngokusambala we-orintshi kanti
kuwo ingoxwana yezwi ngezinye izikhathi ayinawo amachashaza
ampunga.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo yephimbo elincane esakunxapha elandelana
eduze.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• I-tympanum ayibonakali.
• Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiya kancane.
• Ngaphansi kunamachashaza amancane ampunga kodwa hhayi emphinjeni.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 65
46. Isele Elithambile LaKwaZulu
Cacosternum nanogularum Channing et al., 2013 | KwaZulu Caco
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 25 mm, mhlawumbe ngaphezudlwana.
Umbala: Uhlukahluka phakathi kokungafani ukuba nsundu
nokuba luhlaza ngokumnyama. Linesembozo sobuso esimnyama
esisuka empumulweni sidabule esweni size siyofika lapho kuqala
khona umkhono. Udebe lwangenhla lunomugqa omhlophe
onamachashaza amnyama. Umzimba: Mncane, welulekile kanti
uthi mawube yisicaba ube nemilenze ebhungcene emide. Ikhanda
libhungcene, impumulo iyindilinga. I-tympanum ayibonakali.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi, futhi sinezindlala
nezingedla. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi linombala
ongatheni esikhwanyaneni sezwi. Imikhono Yangaphambili:
Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni.
Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu olungatheni futhi
azinawo amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili:
Awesilisa anokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana nomphimbo
omnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo ezwakalisa ukuphefumula okungathi
ngeyezinyoni.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Imidunjana eyakheke kahle ngezansi kwamajoyinti ezandleni.
• Umdunjana wangaphandle ematheni onyawo ukhona njengechashaza eliphaphathekile.
Marius Burger
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 66
47. Isele Elithambile Elisathusi
Cacosternum nanum Boulenger, 1887 | Bronze Caco
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 23 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba simpunga
noma sinsundu sibe nezingxenye ezivame ukubukeka zigqwalile
noma zinombala wethusi eliyingxube (bronze). Izinsumpa
zinamachashaza amnyama kunesikhumba. Kwesinye isikhathi
kubonakala umugqa womgogodla ophaphathekile. Isembozo
sobuso esimnyama esisuka empumulweni, sidabule esweni ne-
tympanum, ukuya lapho kuqala khona umkhono wangaphambili.
Umzimba: Mncane unempumulo ecijile. Kwesinye isikhathi
i-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya.
Ingaphansi libushelelezi futhi limhlophe libe namachashaza
aminyene ahlukahluka ukusuka ekubeni mpunga kuya ekubeni
mnyama. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ebhungcene
engenalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane ezibhungcene ezingenawo amagenqezana
emachosheni. Kwesinye isikhathi kunolwebu olungatheni
phakathi kwezinzwane. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anomphimbo ombozwe ngamachashaza amnyama.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo osakukhala kwensimbi othi t’she-t’she-t’she olandelwa
yimisindo esakunxapha elandelana eduze.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Kwesinye isikhathi i-tympanum iyabonakala.
• Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinhlayiya.
• Ingaphansi limhlophe futhi linamachashaza amnyama aminyene.
• Umdunjana ongaphandle ematheni onyawo mncane ukuya komkhulu impela.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 67
48. Isele Elithambile Elinemigqa
Cacosternum striatum FitzSimons, 1947 | Striped Caco
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 21 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka phakathi
kokungafani ukuba nsundu nokuba luhlaza okotshani. Kwesinye
isikhathi kubonakala umugqa womgogodla. Amashandu
amnyamana agudla umugqa womgogodla. Imidwa emibili
emnyama isuka emva kwamehlo ukuya endaweni yembilapho.
Linesembozo sobuso esimnyama esisuka empumulweni sidabule
esweni size siyofika lapho kuqala khona umkhono. Umzimba:
Mncane futhi welulekile. IKhanda libhungcene futhi lincane.
I-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi
kancane ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiya futhi sinezingedla.
Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe, kwezinye
izikhathi libe namashandu ampunga. Imikhono Yangaphambili:
Iminwe ebhungcene engenalulwebu noma amagenqezana
emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Ingemuva lamathanga
linomugqa ophaphathekile. Izinzwane ezibhungcene ezingenalo
ulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anemiphimbo emnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omude onswininizayo oneminye emithathu phakathi
nendawo efana nowenyekevu.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Imidwa emibili emnyama isuka emva kwamehlo ukuya endaweni yembilapho.
• Imidunjana emincane ngezansi kwamajoyinti ezandleni.
• Awubonakali umdunjana wangaphandle ematheni onyawo.
• Ingemuva lamathanga linomugqa ophaphathekile.
Marius Burger
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 68
49. Isele Lase-Kloof
Natalobatrachus bonebergi Hewitt & Methuen, 1912 | Kloof Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 37 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka phakathi
kokunsundu nokumpunga ube namachashaza ambalwa
aphaphathekile. Ngokuvamile kubonakala umugqa ophezu
komushwe othe ukuba banzi emgogodleni. Phezu kwempumulo
kunonxantathu ophaphathekile. Isembozo sobuso esimnyama
esisuka empumulweni, sidabule esweni ne-tympanum, ukuya
lapho kuqala khona umkhono wangaphambili. Umushwe
omhlophe emhlathini ongenhla. Umzimba: Mude ubhungcene
ube nemilenze nemikhono emide. Impumulo ecijile ilenga
phezu komlomo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-tympanum isithwe
wumbala. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezingedla eziphakeme.
Ingaphansi limhlophe ngokugqwalile libe namachashaza
amancane. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe emide
ebhungcene enamagenqezana amise okuka-T emachosheni
futhi engenalulwebu. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane ezinde
ezibhungcene ezinamagenqezana athe ukuba mancane
emachosheni futhi ezinolwebu olungatheni. Ukwehluka
Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anokusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana
eminweni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo osakunxapha okhishwa nje noma nini.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Iminwe inamagenqezana amise okuka-T emachosheni futhi ayinalulwebu.
• Impumulo ecijile enonxantathu phezulu.
• Impumulo ilenga phezu komlomo.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 69
50. Isele Lasemfuleni Elijwayelekile
Amietia delalandii (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) | Common River Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 90 mm. Umbala: Umbala wesikhumba
uhlukahluka ukusuka kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya
kokunsundu ngokumnyama, kanye nokuluhlaza ngokukhayayo
ukuya kokuluhlaza ngokunyama. Amashandu ansundu
ngokumnyama asakazeke umzimba wonke. Emaxoxweni
amaningi kubonakala umugqa womgogodla onsundu
ngokuphaphathekile noma oluhlaza ngokugqamile. Izinhlangothi
zinamamaki ampunga. Umzimba: Ulolongekile unemilenze
yangemuva emide, ikhanda elibhungcene nempumulo ecijile.
I-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi
futhi sinezingedla. Ingaphansi libushelelezi futhi limhlophe, okuthi
zikhathi thile libe namamaki ampunga noma amnyama. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe engenamagenqezana emachosheni
noma ulwebu. Imilenze Yangemuva: Imilenze idlakele. Izinzwane
ezinolwebu oluningi ezingenawo amagenqezana emachosheni.
Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anemiphimbo emnyama
kakhudlwana and okusamiqamelwana kokukhwelana ezithupheni.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo esakunxapha ethi kik-kik-kik-kik-kik efana
nokukhehlezela, elandelwa wukuklokloza okuthi kiroyp.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Ikhanda elibhungcene elinamehlo aphumele ngaphandle uma libhekwa ngaphezulu.
• I-tympanum ingaphezulu kukahhafu we-diameter yeso.
• Ulwebu alukho kumalunga amabili ozwane olude kunazo zonke.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 70
51. Inkunzi Yexoxo
Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854 | African Bullfrog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 120 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
ngokukhanyayo esinezibhadu ezimpunga noma ezinsundu.
Amaxoxo angakaqedi ukukhula aluhlaza ngokugqamile. Kaningi
kubonakala umugqa womgogodla ophaphathekile. Odebeni
olungenhla kunemidwa ephaphathekile, emi phuhle. Umzimba:
Mkhulu futhi wakheke waqina waba nekhanda elibanzi
nempumulo ecijile kancane. I-t ympanum iyabonakala futhi
inechashaza elimhlophe. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezingedla
eziphakeme. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe
ukuya kokusaphuzi. Ngezinye izikhathi umphimbo unamamaki.
Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu noma
amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
zinolwebu oluyinyama futhi azinayo imidunjana emachosheni.
Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa makhulu kunezinsikazi.
Awesilisa akhwelayo avame ukuba luhlaza ngokugqamile.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omfishane othi wap-wap onjengowenja ekhonkothela
phezulu.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• I-tympanum inechashaza elimhlophe.
• Umhlathi ongenhla unemidwa ephaphathekile emi phuhle.
• Kunokuqumba okusamathambo okubili emhlathini ongezansi kanti kunomugqa wokusamazinyo
emhlathini ongenhla.
• Umdunjana wonyawo ngaphakathi omkhulu ogobile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 71
52. Isele Lasemfuleni Elinemidwa
Strongylopus fasciatus (Smith, 1849) | Striped Stream Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 50 mm. Umbala: Isikhumba esinsundu
noma okungathi siphuzi. Imidweshu emibili emnyama isuka emva
kwamehlo ukuya entunjeni yomzimba. Imidweshu emnyama
emibili noma emithathu ethi ukuba mifishane ezinhlangothini.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi umgogodla unomdweshu onombala
wesiliva ukuya kokunsundu sagolide. Isembozo sobuso
esimnyama sisuka empumulweni, sidabule esweni ne-tympanum,
ukuya emkhonweni ongaphambili. Umugqa omhlophe usuka
ngaphansi kwekhala (nostril), ngaphansi kweso ne-tympanum,
ukuya lapho kuqala khona umkhono wangaphambili. Umzimba:
Ulolongekile futhi ubhungcene waba nemilenze yangemuva
emide nempumulo ecijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sibushelelezi saba nezindawo eziphakeme kancane
kule midweshu emnyama. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi
futhi futhi limhlophe ngokugqwalile ukuya kokuphuzi. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe emincane emide engenalulwebu noma
amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane
ezincane ezinde ezinolwebu olungeluningi futhi ezingenamidunjana
emachosheni. Uzwane lwesine ludlula umkhono wangaphambili
uma ixoxo lihleli. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Kwawesilisa
amaphethelo omhlathi emaceleni amnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo ohlabayo wephimbo elincane othi ik-ik-ik olandelwa
wuchunge lwemisindo esakunxapha ethi ti-ti-ti elandelana eduze.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Amaphethini agqamile emhlane.
• Impumulo ecije kakhulu.
• Uzwane lwesine olude.
• Ulwebu olungeluningi kwamathathu ukuya kwamane amalungu ozwane olude kunazo zonke.
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OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 72
53. Isele Lasemfuleni Eligqafazayo
Strongylopus grayii (Smith, 1849) | Clicking Stream Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 50 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kokunsundu ngokummnyama
ube namamaki amnyama asakazeke nomzimba wonke. Kwesinye
isikhathi emgogodleni kubonakala umugqa omncanyana
ophaphathekile noma umdweshu obanzi ophaphathekile ukuya
kokunsundu ngokubomvana. Isembozo sobuso esimnyama
sisuka empumulweni, sidabule esweni ne-tympanum, ukuya
emkhonweni wangaphambili. Umugqa omhlophe usuka
ngaphansi kwekhala, ngaphansi kweso ne-tympanum, ukuya
lapho kuqala khona umkhono wangaphambili. Umzimba:
Ulolongekile ubhungcene ube nemilenze yangemuva emide
nempumulo ecijile. I-tympanum iyabonakala. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sithi ukuba nezinhlayiya futhi sinezingedla
eziphakame. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi limhlophe
ngokugqwalile. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ebhungcene
emide engenalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni.
Imilenze Yangemuva: Izinzwane ezibhungcene ezinde ezinolwebu
olungatheni futhi azinawo amagenqezana emachosheni. Uma
lihleli umunwe wesine ufinyelela emkhonweni wangaphambili
kodwa ungawudluli. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anombala
wegolide emhlathini ongezansi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Umsindo omfishane othi tha tha onjengowenzelwa esitsheni
esingenalutho.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Amalunga amane ozwane olude kunazo zonke awanalulwebu.
• Impumulo ayicijile kakhulu.
• Amachashaza amnyama emhlane ajwayelekile nakuba umbala wesikhumba ungase
uhlukahluke.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 73
54. Isele Lasesihlabathini Elinemigqa
Tomopterna cryptotis (Boulenger, 1907) | Tremolo Sand Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 51 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka phakathi
kokuba nsundu nokuba luhlaza ube namamaki amnyama.
Ngokuvamile emgogodleni kunomugqa ophaphathekile
kanye nomugqa ophaphathekile osuka emva kweso ukuya
endaweni yembilapho. Ngokuvamile emgogodleni kunomugqa
ophaphathekile kanye nomugqa ophaphathekile osuka emva
kweso ukuya endaweni yembilapho. Umzimba: Ubukeka
njengowesele; uqatha ube nekhanda elibanzi kanye nempumulo
eyindilinga. Ingxenye ye-tympanum isithekile. Isikhumba
sasemhlane sinezinsumpa ngobuningi ezinamachopho
aphaphathekile. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi
limhlophe. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi kanti awekho amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anombala
omnyamana ukugudla umhlathi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo enjengokukhala kwensimbi yephimbo
elincane ethi ki-ki-ki-ki elandelana eduze.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinsumpa.
• Umunwe wokuqala unomdunjana owodwa ngezansi kwejoyinti.
• Isibhadu esiphaphathekile phakathi kwemikhono, phezu komugqa osemhlane.
• Ugedla lwesikhumba olunezindlala ngaphansi kwe-tympanum aluqhubeki ukusuka esweni kuya
emkhonweni.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo ogobile, ogqamile.
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OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 74
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 52 mm. Umbala: Uyahlukahluka phakathi
kombala wolaza nokunsundu ngokukhanyayo kube namashandu
ansundu anemiphetho emnyama. Ngokuvamile umugqa
womgogodla ophaphathekile awubonakali. Ugedla lwesikhumba
esinezinhlayiya esiphaphathekile ngaphansi kwe-tympanum.
Umzimba: Ubukeka njengowesele, uqatha unekhanda
elibanzi nempumulo eyindilinga. I-tympanum ayibonakali.
Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinsumpa kaningi ezinamachopho
aphaphathekile noma ansundu. Ingaphansi lizwakala
libushelelezi. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi kanti awekho amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anombala
omnyama ukugudla umhlathi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo ethi tha-tha-tha-tha efana
nowokungqongoza okhunini.
55. Isele Lasesihlabathini Elingqongqozayo
Tomopterna krugerensis Passmore & Carruthers, 1975 | Knocking Sand Frog
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinsumpa.
• Umunwe wokuqala unomdunjana ophindeke kabili ngezansi kwejoyinti.
• Ugedla lwesikhumba esiyizinhlayiya ngaphansi kwe-tympanum asiqhubeki sihlangene ukusuka
esweni ukuya emkhonweni wangaphambili.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo ogqamile ogobile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 75
56. Isele Lasesihlabathini LaseNatali
Tomopterna natalensis (Smith, 1849) | Natal Sand Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 44 mm. Umbala: Umbala wesikhumba
uhlukahluka kakhulu kuhlanganise okunsundu ngokukhanyayo
kakhulu nokunsundu ngokubomvu. Ngokuvamile kunamashandu
ampunga noma ansundu. Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala umugqa
womgogodla ophaphathekile. Umzimba: Ubukeka njengowesele;
uqatha ube nekhanda elibanzi. Impumulo icije kakhudlwana
kuneyamanye aMaxoxo Asesihlabathini. Zikhathi thile
i-tympanum ayibonakali. Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi
ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiya kancane. Ingaphansi lizwakala
libushelelezi futhi limhlophe. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe
ayinalulwebu noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze
Yangemuva: Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi kanti awekho
amagenqezana emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa
anemiphimbo emnyama kakhudlwana.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo ehlabayo, yephimbo elincane ethi tut-tut-
tut-tut.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Isikhumba sasemhlane sibushelelezi ukuya ekubeni nezinhlayiya kancane.
• Umunwe wokuqala unomdunjana owodwa ngezansi kwejoyinti.
• Ugedla lwesikhumba olunezindlala ukusuka esweni ukuya emkhonweni wangaphambili
lunezikhala.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo ogqamile ogobile osetshenziselwa ukumba.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 76
57. Isele Lasesihlabathini LikaTandy
Tomopterna tandyi Channing & Bogart, 1996 | Tandy’s Sand Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 54 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka ukusuka
kokumpunga ukuya kokunsundu. Ngokuvamile kubonakala
umugqa womgogodla ophathakile kanye nomugqa ophaphathekile
osuka emva kweso ukuya endaweni yembilapho. Ugedla
lwesikhumba esinezinhlayiya oluphaphathekile ngaphansi
kwe-tympanum. Umzimba: Ubukeka njengowesele; uqatha
ube nekhanda elibanzi nempumulo eyindilinga. Ingxenye ye-
tympanum isithekile. Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinsumpa kaningi
ezinamachopho ansundu. Ingaphansi lizwakala libushelelezi
futhi limhlophe. Imikhono Yangaphambili: Iminwe ayinalulwebu
noma amagenqezana emachosheni. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane zinolwebu olungeluningi kanti awekho amagenqezana
emachosheni. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Awesilisa anombala
omnyamana ukugudla umhlathi.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo enjengokukhala kwensimbi yephimbo
elincane ethi ki-ki-ki-ki elandelana eduze.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Libukeka njengeXoxo Lasehlathini Elinemigqa.
• Isikhumba sasemhlane sinezinsumpa.
• Umunwe wokuqala unomdunjana owodwa ngezansi kwejoyinti.
• Isibhadu esiphaphathekile phakathi kwemikhono yangaphambili, phezu komugqa womgogodla.
• Ugedla lwesikhumba olunezindlala ngaphansi kwe-tympanum aluqhubeki ukusuka esweni
ukuya emkhonweni wangaphambili.
• Umdunjana osematheni onyawo ogqamile ogobile.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 77
58. Usomagwebu Waseningizimu
Chiromantis xerampelina Peters, 1854 | Southern Foam Nest Frog
Ukuchazwa
Ubukhulu bokugcina: 85 mm. Umbala: Uhlukahluka phakathi
kokuba mpunga ngokumnyama, ukuba nsundu nokuba mhlophe
ngokugqwalile. Umzimba: Uwumbhoxo omude onesifumbu
emhlane nempumulo eyindilinga. I-tympanum iyabonakala.
Ugedla lwesikhumba esinezinhlayiya ukusuka emva kweso kuye
ku-tympanum. Isikhumba sasemhlane sithambile sinezinsumpa
ezimbalwa. Uma lithintwa ingaphansi lizwakala linezinhlayiya
futhi linezindawana ezimhlophe nezingathi zipinki. Imikhono
Yangaphambili: Iminwe emide eyimibhoxo enamagenqezana
emachosheni nolwebu olungengakanani. Imilenze Yangemuva:
Izinzwane ezinde eziyimibhoxo ezinamagenqezana emachosheni
nolwebu oluningi. Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Izinsikazi zinkulu
ngokuphawulekayo. Awesilisa anokhushini bokukhwela
abanombala omhlophe ngokugqwalile.
Indlela Yokukhala
Uchunge lwemisindo ephansi ekloklozayo.
Izimpawu Eziwukhiye Elibonakala Ngazo
• Amehlo: makhulu; inhlamvu yokubona emaphakathi neso ivundlile.
• Iminwe ihleleke ngokuhambisana ngamibili okumelene.
• Iminwe nezinzwane kunamagenqezana emachosheni.
• Ulwebu oluningi ezinzwaneni.
• Lolu gedla lwesikhumba esinezinhlayiya lusuka ngemva kweso ukuya lapho kuqala khona
umkhono wangaphambili.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 78
UCHAZOMAZWI
Imfibiya: Yisilwane esikwazi ukuphila emanzini nasemhlabathini owomile
Ukuzibika: Umsindo owenziwa ngamaxoxo esilisa ukuze ahehe izinsikazi ngenjongo yokukhwela
Ukubambelela kokukhwela: Indlela ixoxo elibambelela ngayo lapho ekhwelana ngenkathi
yokuzalana. Ngenkathi yokuhlangana elesilisa libambelela emzimbeni wensikazi ngemikhono
yangaphambili, kanti izinhlobo ezithile ziyanamathelana.
I-diameter: Ubude bomugqa oqondile odabula enkabeni yesiyingi uxhumanise amachopho
amabili emjikelezweni waso
I-diaphragm: Untwentwesi lwezicubu oluhlukanisa isifuba nesisu ezilwaneni ezincelisayo futhi
ikakhulu isetshenziselwa ukuphefumula. Amaxoxo awanayo.
I-dinosaur: Esinye sezinhlobo zezibankwakazi ezesabekayo zasendulo ezake zaphila emhlabeni
kodwa manje esezashabalala.
I-genus: Iqembu lezinto eziphilayo ezihlobene ngokwemvelo elinohlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu
Umdunjana womphimbo: Indawo yesikhumba edumbile ngaphansi komphimbo wexoxo lesilisa.
Loku kusiza ekuvikeleni ingoxwana yezwi lapho ixoxo likhala.
Umklayeko wasemphinjeni: Imiklayeko ehamba ngamibili etholakala ezinhlangothini zomdunjana
osemphinjeni. Ingoxwana yezwi ivela kule miklayeko lapho ixoxo likhala.
Umdunjana osematheni onyawo ngaphakathi: Umdunjana otholakala lapho kuqala khona
uzwane lokuqala.
Amathe onyawo: Kule ndaba kushiwo ingxenye yonyawo ephakathi kweqakala nezinzwane.
I-nagana: Isifo esivame ukuhlasela izilwane zasendle esibangwa yizilwanyana ezincela igazi
lezinye ezithuthwa yizimpukane i-tsetse. Sibanga imfiva nokuba buthaka, ekugcineni kuphumele
ekufeni kwemfuyo uma singelashwa.
Okusamqamelwana kokukhwelana: Iqhubu lesikhumba elimahhedle esithupheni, iminwe noma
imikhono yangaphambili kumaxoxo esilisa. Leli qhubu liyakhukhumala ngenkathi yokukhwelana
futhi lisiza amaxoxo esilisa akwazi ukubambelela kangcono emhlane wensikazi.
Umdunjana osematheni onyawo ngaphandle: Umdunjana otholakala lapho kuqala khona uzwane
lwesihlanu.
Indlala Yoketshezi: Iqhubu noma indawo edumbile ekhiqiza uketshezi etholakala ohlangothini
lwekhanda, ngemva kweso.
I-pathogen: Into ephilayo encanyana kakhulu ebanga izifo.
Amalunga [omunwe/ozwane]: Amathambo akha iminwe noma izinzwane.
Ukwehluka Ngokobulili: Umehluko osobala phakathi kwamaxoxo esilisa nezinsikazi ohlobo
olufanayo.
Isifo Sokulala: Uma i-nagana (bheka incazo ngenhla) ihlasela abantu ibizwa ngokuthi yiSifo
Sokulala Sabantu.
Uhlobo: Iqembu lezinto eziphilayo ezikwaziyo ukuzalana ngempumelelo kodwa zibe zingakwazi
ukuzalana ngempumelelo namanye amaqembu. Kuyenzeka kwakheke amabhasitela aphila kahle,
kodwa ngokuvamile ezilwaneni wona awakwazi ukuzala.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 79
Sp.: Isifushaniso esisebunyeni ngesiNgisi selithi ‘uhlobo’ (species). (Sivame ukusetshenziswa
uma kwaziwa kuphela i-genus yaleyo nto kodwa hhayi uhlobo.)
Spp.: Isifushaniso esisebuningini ngesiNgisi selithi ‘izinhlobo’; bheka elithi ‘uhlobo’. (Sivame
ukusetshenziswa uma kubhekiswe ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezulu kolulodwa ze-genus efanayo.)
Amathe Onyawo: Ingxenye yonyawo ephakathi kwalapho kuqala khona izinzwane nesithende
Imbalule: Ingxenye emaphakathi yomlenze ongemuva phakathi kwethanga namathe onyawo.
Umdunjana: Iqhubu elincane eliyindilinga
I-taxon: Iqembu lezinto eziphilayo elinokuhlobana kwemvelo
I-toxin: Into enobuthi ekhiqizwa yizimila nezilwane ezithile
I-tympanum: Into esetshenziselwa ukuzwa kokubili ngaphandle naphansi kwamanzi. Le nto
ibonakala njengesichibi sesikhumba esiyisiyingi ngemuva ngqo kwamehlo emaxoxweni amaningi
Intunja Yomzimba (ngesiNgisi yaziwa nangokuthi yi-cloaca): Imbobo esemuva ngaphansi kwexoxo
esetshenziselwa kokubili ukuzalana nokuzikhulula
Ivirusi: Ingqamuzana elibanga izifo elikwazi ukwanda kuphela ngaphakathi kwamaseli aphilayo
ento ephilayo elihlala kuyo
Inkunzi Yexoxo (bullfrog): Uhlobo lwexoxo elikhulukazi. Kule ndaba ukuthi ‘inkunzi’ kusho
ubukhulu hhayi ubulili, njengokuthi nje ‘inkunzimalanga’.
Isele: Kuleli bhuku kushiwo uhlobo lwemfibiya egxumayo etholakala ikakhulu eduze namanzi
ngokuvamile enomzimba oqoqene nesikhumba esibushelelezi.
Ixoxo: Kuleli bhuku kushiwo uhlobo lwemfibiya (amphibian) egxumayo etholakala ikakhulu
emhlabathini owomile kunasemanzini ngokuvamile enomzimba obanzi, oyisicaba nesikhumba
esinsundu, esomile esinezinsumpa.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 80
OKUNYE OKUNOKUFUNDWA
1. My First Book of Southern African Frogs by Tarrant, J. 2015. Cape Town: Struik Nature.
2. Frogs of Southern Africa Mobile Application by Du Preez, L.H. & Carruthers, V.C. 2015.
Available on Google Play and Apple iStore.
3. Frogs of Southern Africa by Du Preez, L.H. & Carruthers, V.C. 2017. Cape Town: Penguin
Randomhouse.
4. Frogs & Frogging in South Africa by Carruthers, V. & Du Preez, L.H. 2011. Cape Town: Struik
Nature.
5. A Complete Guide to the Frogs of Southern Africa by Du Preez, L.H. & Carruthers, V.C. 2009.
Cape Town: Struik Nature.
6. Atlas and Red Data Book of the Frogs of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland by Minter, L.R.,
Burger, M., Harrison, J.A., Braack, H.H., Bishop, P.J. & Kloepfer, D., eds. 2004. SI/MAB Series
#9. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
7. Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa by Channing, A. 2001. Ithaca, NY: Comstock
Publishing Associates.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 81
AMAREFERENSI
Alexander, G.J., Harrison, J.A., Fairbanks, D.H. & Navarro, R.A. 2004. Biogeography of the Frogs of
South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland In: Atlas and Red Data Book of the Frogs of South Africa,
Lesotho and Swaziland, (eds) L.R. Minter, M. Burger, J.A. Harrison, H.H. Braack, P.J. Bishop &
D. Kloepfer, SI/MAB Series #9, pp. 31–47. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Carruthers, V. & Du Preez, L.H. 2011. Frogs & Frogging in South Africa. Cape Town: Struik
Nature.
Channing, A., Schmitz, A., Burger, M. & Kielgast, J. 2013. A Molecular Phylogeny of African Dainty
Frogs, with the Description of Four New Species (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum). Zootaxa
3701,5: 518–550.
Conradie, W., Du Preez, L.H., Smith, K. & Weldon, C. 2006. Field Guide to the Frogs and Toads
of the Vredefort Dome World Heritage Site. Potchefstroom: North-West University.
Du Preez, L.H. & Carruthers, V.C. 2009. A Complete Guide to the Frogs of Southern Africa. Cape
Town: Random House Struik.
Frost, D.R. 2016. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Available at http://
research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. Archived by WebCite at http://www.
webcitation.org/6hHjo3Tox on 5 May 2016.
Jewitt, D., Goodman, P.S., Erasmus, B.F., O’Connor, T.G. & Witkowski, E.T. 2015. Systematic
Land-cover Change in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Implications for Biodiversity. South
African Journal of Science, 111,9–10: 01–09.
Minter, L.R., Burger, M., Harrison, J.A., Braack, H.H., Bishop, P.J. & Kloepfer, D., eds. 2004.
Atlas and Red Data Book of the Frogs of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. SI/MAB Series
#9. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
Poynton, J.C. 1964. The Amphibia of Southern Africa: a Faunal Study. Annals of the Natal
Museum 17:1–334.
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
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ABALOBI
U-Fortunate M. Phaka uwumlondolozi osemncane ngeminyaka futhi waba
ngomunye we-Mail & Guardian’s Top 200 Young South Africans for 2016.
Isithakazelo sakhe esiyinhloko sisekuthini ngokulondolozwa kwemvelo
kungaxoxwa kanjani nabantu abangebona ososayensi futhi leli bhuku
lingenye yezindlela zokufinyelela lowo mgomo. Esifundeni saKwaZulu
nelaKwaZulu-Natali lonkana, leli bhuku liyitshe esivinaneni sokuthuthukiswa
kolimi lwendawo kanye nendlela yokwandisa ukuqondwa kwenala
yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zakulesi sifundazwe. Lesi siqondiso
sasefilidini sakha ingxenye engokwezenhlalo yocwaningo luka-Fortunate
lweziqu ze-Masters ngamaxoxo aseSiqiwini Sezinyamazane SaseNdumo.
U-Edward Netherlands uwumfundi weziqu ze-PhD okabili eNyuvesi
YaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, e-UNISA nase-KU, eBelgium. Iziqu zakhe
ze-PhD ziyingxenye yohlelo lwe-VLIROUS loKuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi
okusetshenziswa nokulawulwa okunozinzo kwezinto eziphila emanzini
eNingizimu Afrika. Isithakazelo sakhe ocwaningweni sigxile kusayensi
yezinto eziphilayo ezingeni lamamolekhuli, isayensi yokusebenzelana
kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo ezungezile nokwakhiwa kwamaqoqo ezilwane
ezihuquzelayo nezimfibiya ngokwezici ezifanayo kanye nezinceli-gazi
eziphathelene. Futhi u-Edward uyashiseka ngokufundisa abantu abasha
nalabo abangebona ososayensi ngokubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
U-Donnavan Kruger uyafundisa eNyuvesi YaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga.
Wathola iziqu zakhe ze-PhD kuSayensi Yezilwane, ngokugxila ekuse-
benzelaneni kwezimfibiya nendawo ezizungezile nemisindo yazo. Usebhale
amabhuku ashicilelwe ngezihloko ezisabalele ngamaxoxo, kuhlanganise
nezindlela abantu abawabheka ngazo ngenjongo yokuhlola imibono yabo,
izinkolelo nezinkolelo-ze okuhlobene namaxoxo eNingizimu Afrika.
U-Louis du Preez uyinhloko ye-African Amphibian Conservation
Research Group eNyuvesi YaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga ePotchefstroom.
Ocwaningweni lwakhe ugxila ekulondolozweni kwezimfibiya, izifo nezimunci-
gazi zazo futhi uvamile ukubhala kushicilelwe ngalezi zihloko. U-Louis du
Preez unesikhundla sokuhlonishwa e-South African Institute for Aquatic
Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Grahamstown 6139.
U-Phaka, Netherlands, no du Preez bangamalungu e-School of Environmental Sciences
kuKhempasi ese-Potchefstroom yaseNyuvesi YaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi bangamalungu
e-African Amphibian Conservation Research Group. U-Kruger ufundisa e-School for Mathematics,
Science, and Technology Education kuKhempasi ese-Potchefstroom
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA
1. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. 2014 (reprint
2014). M.F. Bates, W.R. Branch, A.M. Bauer, M. Burger, J. Marais, G.J. Alexander & M.S. de
Villiers. ISBN 978-1-919976-84-6. Also available on CD: ISBN 978-1-919976-96-9.
2. Manual of Freshwater Assessment for South Africa: Dragonfly Biotic Index. 2016. M.J. Sam-
ways & J.P. Simaika. ISBN 978-1-928224-05-1.
3. Isiqondiso Sasefilidini Esindimimbili Ngamaxoxo AkwelaKwaZulu. 2017. F.M. Phaka, E.C.
Netherlands, D.J.D. Kruger & L.H. du Preez. ISBN 978-1-928224-19-8.
ENQUIRIES:
SANBI Bookshop, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101,
Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.
Tel. +27 12 843 5000 • Fax +27 12 804 3211
E-mail: bookshop@sanbi.org.za • Website: www.sanbi.org
ISKRINI ESIGCWELE
OKUPHAKATHI
SURICATA 3 (2017) 84
