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Hibiscus Sabdarrifa L. Anthocyanins-Induced Changes in Reproductive Hormones of Cadmium-Exposed Rats

DOI:10.29322/IJSRP.8.4.2018.p7642
Authors:
Orororo Osuvwe Clement
Orororo Osuvwe Clement
Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba at Delta State University, Abraka
Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba
Nyerhovwo Tonukari at Delta State University, Abraka
Nyerhovwo Tonukari
O. J. Okandeji
O. J. Okandeji
O. J. Okandeji
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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2018 308
ISSN 2250-3153
http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.4.2018.p7642 www.ijsrp.org
Hibiscus Sabdarrifa L. Anthocyanins-Induced Changes
in Reproductive Hormones of Cadmium-Exposed Rats
O. C. Orororo., S. O. Asagba., N. J. Tonukari., O. J. Okandeji., J. J. Mbanugo
Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.8.4.2018.p7642
http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.4.2018.p7642
Abstract- Hibiscus sabdarrifa L. extracts contain powerful
antioxidants that can ameliorate Cadmium (Cd)-induced
reproductive toxicity, though the active molecules responsible
have not been categorically stated. This study is therefore aimed
at exploring changes induced by H. sabdariffa L anthocyanins
(HSA) in reproductive hormones of cadmium-exposed rats.
Twenty four adult male wistar rats (185±5.2g) were randomly
divided into four groups and where treated for 15 days: A:
control, B: Cd alone, 3mg/kg b wt, C: HSA alone, 3mg/kg b wt,
Group 4: HSA Pre-CD: HSA (3g/ kg b wt for ten consecutive
days) and Cd (3mg/ kg b wt) for five days. Comparison of the
serum testosterone level of the control group with that of the Cd
alone group showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the level
of serum testosterone but the administration of HSA before Cd
exposure significantly reverted the decrease in serum
testosterone. Conversely, there was significant increase (P<0.05)
in the level of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after
cadmium administration (Group C) compared to animals in the
control group (Group A) and those maintained on only H.
sabdariffa anthocyanin alone. This decrease in serum follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) occasioned by Cd exposure was
significantly (P<0.05) reversed by the administration of H.
sabdariffa anthocyanin before Cd exposure. This was also
observed for Luteinizing hormone. The results confirm the
reproductive toxicity of Cd and the reported antioxidant
capacities of anthocyanins. In addition, it gives credence to
prominent role attributed to HSA in the antioxidant prowess of
H. Sabdarriffa extracts.
Index Terms- Antioxidants, testosterone, follicle stimulating
hormone, Oxidative Stress, Anthocyanins
I. INTRODUCTION
admium (Cd) is a toxic metal to which the general
population is exposed via cigarette smoke, industrial
products such as batteries, paints, etc and through vegetables and
other agricultural products [1, 2]. Cd’s toxicity is aggravated by
its relatively long half-life and its ability to accumulate in vital
human tissues like kidney, liver and testis, where it causes
damages [3]. The testis is very sensitive to Cd and as such d has
been implicated in the rising cases of infertility among industrial
workers and in the general population [4-8]. Cd reproductive
toxicity is manifested via Cd-induced oxidative stress and is seen
in reduction of testis weight and histopathological lesions leading
to reduced sperm counts and impaired sperm motility [9]. Cd
being a known endocrine disruptor disrupts the normal function
of reproductive hormones which produce and maintain the
secondary sexual characteristics of the male and also stimulate
sperm production [10,11].
Since Cd’s reproductive toxicity is mediated through
oxidative stress via increase in reactive oxygen species is,
administration of vitamins, lipids, flavonoids and other
molecules with antioxidant properties have been shown to
ameliorate Cd-induced testicular damage [12-14]. In this regard,
researchers have noted the ability of plant pigments such as
anthocyanins as antioxidant against Cd toxicity [15-18].
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn, also known as roselle, is an
herbaceous crop native to Central and West Africa and has been
reported to contain organic acids, anthocyanins, polysaccharides
and flavonoids with potent antioxidant properties [19-20].
Extracts of this plant have long been in use in folk medicine to
treat cases of infertility, high blood pressure, and fever [21]
though the main active molecules responsible for its effects have
not been categorically stated. This study is therefore aimed at
exploring the possible changes induced by H. sabdariffa L
anthocyanins in reproductive hormones of cadmium-exposed
rats.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Chemicals:
Reagents of analytical grade were used in this study.
Cadmium Chloride, methanol, trichloroacetic acid, acetonitrile
and sodium chloride were purchased from Lobal Chemic
Laboratory Regents and Fine Chemicals, Mumbai – India.
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) Assay kits for serum testosterone,
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH were products of
Biocheck Ltd (UK).
B. Plant Material:
Fresh calyces of H. Sabdariffa L. were dried under
continuous air-flow maintained at room temperature until
constant weight was achieved.
C. Extraction and Purification H. sabdariffa
anthocyanins:
Anthocyanins were extracted from H. sabdariffa calyces
according to the method of Hong and Wrolstad [22] as described
by Orororo et al., [23].
C
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2018 309
ISSN 2250-3153
http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.4.2018.p7642 www.ijsrp.org
D. Experimental animals and Experimental Design:
Twenty four (24) adult male wistar rats (185±5.2g) were
randomly divided into four treatment groups and where treated
for 15 days: Group A: control, B: Cd alone, 3mg/kg b wt, C:
HSA alone, 3mg/kg b wt, Group D: HSA Pre-CD: HSA (3g/ kg b
wt for ten consecutive days) and Cd (3mg/ kg b wt) for five days.
At the end of the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed by
cervical dislocation and blood samples were obtained by cardiac
puncture into heparinized bottles and centrifuged at 3000g for 10
min. Sera collected was stored frozen until used for biochemical
analysis.
E. Biochemical Assays:
Serum FSH, LH and testosterone were measured based on
the principle of solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) using Biochek test kit.
F. Analysis of Data:
Results obtained in the study were presented as Mean ±
SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The one-way
analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized in comparing the
degree of significance of different parameters estimated and the
difference between mean were considered to be significant at p<
0.05
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig.1: H. sabdariffa anthocyanins-induced changes in serum
testosterone of Cd-exposed rats. Groups: A (Control), B (Cd),
C (Anthocyanin), D (Anthocyanin Pre-Cd). Values with different
alphabetic superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05)
Fig.2: H. sabdariffa anthocyanins-induced changes in serum
FSH of Cd-exposed rats. Groups: A (Control), B (Cd), C
(Anthocyanin), D (Anthocyanin Pre-Cd). Values with different
alphabetic superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05)
Fig.3: H. sabdariffa anthocyanins-induced changes in serum
LH of Cd-exposed rats. Groups: A (Control), B (Cd), C
(Anthocyanin), D (Anthocyanin Pre-Cd). Values with different
alphabetic superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05)
H. sabdariffa anthocyanins-induced changes in the
hormones of Cd-exposed rats is shown in Fig 1-3. Comparison of
the serum testosterone level of the control group with that of the
Cd alone group showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the
level of serum testosterone. The results indicated that Cd
administration lowered the level of serum testosterone and also
showed that the administration of H. sabdariffa anthocyanin
before Cd exposure significantly reverted the decrease in serum
testosterone. Conversely, there was significant increase (P<0.05)
in the level of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after
cadmium administration (Group C) compared to animals in the
control group (Group A) and those maintained on only H.
sabdariffa anthocyanin alone . This decrease in serum follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) occasioned by Cd exposure was
significantly (P<0.05) reversed by the administration of H.
sabdariffa anthocyanin before Cd exposure. This was also
observed for Luteinizing hormone (fig. 3), and points to the
antioxidant potentials of HSA.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2018 310
ISSN 2250-3153
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Increase in plasma levels of FSH after cadmium administration
observed in this study could be attributed to the bioaccumulation
of cadmium in the testis and is consistent with the findings of
[24] who noted that through its effect on Sertoli cell activity, Cd
decreases inhibin (the main inhibitory signal for FSH secretion)
synthesis and release thereby causing increase in the plasma
levels of FSH. This is in line with the changes observed by [25]
and [26]. FSH, a pituitary glycoprotein, affects the sertoli cells to
stimulate and initiate germ cell number and also enhance the
production of androgens by the Leydig cells [27]). FSH also
plays a significant role in the maturational stages of spermatozoa.
Orisakwe et al., [28], Brian et al., [29] and Omotuyi et al., [30]
previously reported that extracts of H. sabdariffa calyces are rich
in phytoestrogens and thus possess estrogenic effects which
reduces serum testosterone levels. Interesting, this was not
observed in this study and it can be attributed to the difference in
the extracts. Aqueous extracts used in those studies probably
content other bio molecules responsible for the estrogenic effects
unlike the purified HSA used in this study. In consonance with
the results of this study is the work of Fadairo et al., [31] who
reported the protective effect of whole and anthocyanin-free
aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Cadmium-induced
changes in serum reproductive hormones of Wistar Rats. Again,
Ajiboye et al., [32] attributed this effect of Roselle calyx extract
to its anthocyanins, a claim supported by the results of this study.
IV. CONCLUSION
This study is a confirmation of the reproductive toxicity of
Cd as all the hormones assayed were significantly altered by
exposure to Cd. However, the pre-treatment of Cd-exposed rats
with HSA significantly normalized reproductive hormones. This
effect of HSA is not unconnected with the reported antioxidant
capacities of anthocyanins. The results of this study also gives
credence to prominent role attributed to HSA in the antioxidant
prowess of H. Sabdarriffa extracts.
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AUTHORS
First author; O. C. Orororo (Ph.D), Department of
Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, E-mail:
osuvwec@yahoo.com
Second Author; S. O. Asagba (Prof), Department of
Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Email:
asagbabch@yahoo.com
Third Author; N. J. Tonukari (Prof), Department of
Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Email:
tonukari@gmail.com
Fourth Author; O. J. Okandeji. (M.Sc), Department of
Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Email:
ovo_okans@yahoo.com
J. J. Mbanugo (M.Sc), Department of Biochemistry, Delta State
University, Abraka, Nigeria, Email: Johnbusco@yahoo.com
Corresponding author:
osuvwec@yahoo.com +2348062306783
... The outcome revealed that pre-and posttreatment with anthocyanins-rich extract improved catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-s-transferase activity. The increase in glutathione level and reduction in tissue lipid peroxidation also confirmed the antioxidant properties of anthocyanin-rich Roselle extract in ameliorating cadmium-induced oxidative stress (Orororo, Asagba, Tonukari, Okandeji, & Mbanugo, 2018a, 2018b, 2018c. ...
... The pretreatment with Roselle extract significantly normalized the reproductive hormones. The effect of Roselle extract was reported to be connected with the antioxidant capabilities of the anthocyanins (Orororo et al., 2018a(Orororo et al., , 2018b(Orororo et al., , 2018c. Likewise, another study has also reported that pretreatment with anthocyanins rich Roselle extract resulted in amelioration of cadmium mediated activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and testicular weight in the rat. ...
... Likewise, another study has also reported that pretreatment with anthocyanins rich Roselle extract resulted in amelioration of cadmium mediated activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and testicular weight in the rat. The Roselle extract administration has also reduced the lipid peroxidation that could be related to anthocyanin properties of the extract (Orororo et al., 2018a(Orororo et al., , 2018b(Orororo et al., , 2018c. ...
Harvesting, storage, postharvest management, and marketing of Hibiscus sabdariffa
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Full-text available
  • Jan 2021
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a useful plant with different parts utilized in several ways. The useful parts include leaves and tender shoots, stems, calyces, and seeds. They are sources of anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, organic acids, and fiber which are single-stand products, and beverages and medicinal products are obtained from them. Some products of Roselle include sauces, vegetable salads, fruit salads, creams, perfumes, marmalade, seasoning products, fibers, spices, sauces, and vegetable oils. Harvesting and postharvest procedures have a profound influence on the qualities of harvested Roselle produce: this ranges from harvesting time and standard postharvest processing procedures. Furthermore, postharvest handling has an influence on the storage time and marketability of Roselle products. However, there are huge knowledge gaps on the appropriate procedures in harvesting and processing Roselle produce. This chapter explores knowledge on harvesting, storage, postharvest management, and marketing of useful parts of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), where we focus on leaves, tender shoots, stems, calyces, and seeds. It combines information from a wide range of literature sources from several countries practicing Roselle cultivation.
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... Oyeyemi et al. (2022) showed that administration of vitamin E and quercetin increase LH and testosterone concentrations in animals exposed to lead. Anthocyanins in Hibiscus sabdarrifa L. extract normalized FSH and LH levels that were reduced by Cd exposure (Orororo et al. 2018). Li et al. (2019) demonstrated that C3G had a notable interaction with the HPG axis, maintaining the testosterone synthesis pathway in mice testis after Cd exposure by controlling hypothalamic Avp and Kisspeptin genes, thereby mediating LH and FSH receptor levels (Figure 3). ...
Natural antioxidants mitigate heavy metal induced reproductive toxicity: prospective mechanisms and biomarkers
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Heavy metals are harmful environmental pollutants that have attracted widespread attention, attributed to their health hazards to humans and animals. Due to the non-degradable property of heavy metals, organisms are inevitably exposed to heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). Several studies revealed that heavy metals can cause reproductive damage by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which exacerbates oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. Natural antioxidants, mainly polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins, have been shown to mitigate heavy metal-induced reproductive toxicity potentially. In this review, accumulated evidences on the influences of four non-essential heavy metals As, Cd, Pb, and Hg on both males and females reproductive system were established. The purpose of this review is to explore the potential mechanisms of the effects of heavy metals on reproductive function and point out the potential biomarkers of natural antioxidants interventions toward heavy metal-induced reproductive toxicity. Notably, increasing evidence proven that the regulations of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Nrf2, MAPK, or NF-κB pathways are the important mechanisms for the amelioration of heavy metal induced reproductive toxicity by natural antioxidants. It also provided a promising guidance for prevention and management of heavy metal-induced reproductive toxicity.
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... Of this figure, male infertility accounts for about 50% of the cases yet no identifiable cause can be found in over 20% of infertile males [26]. It has been shown that the male reproductive system is extremely sensitive to many chemicals and different food substances consumed on a daily basis [27][28][29]. In this light, chronic consumption of cassava meals could be linked to infertility in males either on a long-or short-term basis. ...
Chronic cassava meal modulates body weight, histology and weight of reproductive organs in male albino rats
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  • Jun 2023
Objective This study evaluated the effect of chronic cassava meals on some reproductive parameters of male albino rats.Methods Twenty-four sexually mature albino rats were divided into four groups which received oral treatments from a variety of cassava products containing cyanogenic glycosides in varying quantities: Group A—Control (received 300 g normal rat feeds); Group B (received 50 g red garri at a concentration of 150 ppm cyanogenic glycosides/rat/day); Group C (received 50 g white garri at a concentration of 200 ppm cyanogenic glycosides/rat/day); and Group D (received 50 g raw cassava at a concentration of 400 ppm cyanogenic glycosides/rat/day). After 60 days of treatment, male reproductive organs were harvested from the rats for histological examination. Also noted were the weights of the body and the organs.ResultsThe weight of the body and reproductive organs significantly changed in group D after receiving raw cassava at a dose of 400 ppm/rat/day. Compared to the group treated with red garri at 100 ppm/rat/day cyanogenic glycosides, which showed no significant changes in body weight gain or the weight of the reproductive organs, the white garri group showed substantial changes in the testis and prostate weight. The group given 150 ppm/rat/day of red garri did not exhibit any changes in histology, but the groups given 150 ppm/rat/day of white garri and 400 ppm/rat/day of raw cassava displayed testicular atrophy, degeneration, vacuolation, decreased secretion, and desquamation of glandular epithelium in the prostate.Conclusions This study has revealed that the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides is higher in raw cassava and white garri than red garri, and that 400 ppm/day of cyanogenic glycosides may have negative impacts on their ability to reproduce.
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... Anthocyanins have been implicated in the high antioxidant properties and positive physiological effects observed in the extract of H. sabdariffa (Formagio et al., 2015;Al-Groom and Al-Kubaisy, 2016;Tahir et al., 2016;Orororo et al., 2018a;Orororo et al., 2018b). Thus, the fact that anthocyanin pigments are potent medicinal agents has been long accepted in folk medicine throughout the world and they have been implicated in many disease states to have great health benefits. ...
Evaluation of the In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. Anthocyanins
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2023
Given the huge health benefits of anthocyanins and their application in various industrial processes, there has been an upsurge in researches related to the isolation, purification and characterization of anthocyanins. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of anthocyanins extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L and compare it with the aqueous extract. Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract as well as the anthocyanins were obtained using standard protocols and were subjected to different in vitro antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging and metal chelating assays. The ability of H. sabdariffa anthocyanins to trap free radicals produced by stable DPPH' free radical (12.78±2.0) was higher than that of the aqueous extract. Similarly, H. sabdariffa anthocyanins recorded a higher total antioxidant activity (74.53±2.8%) than the aqueous extract (73.6±1.9%). On the ability of the extracts to chelate metal ions (Fe 2+), H. sabdariffa anthocyanin extract had the higher chelating activity (36.38±2.1%) than the aqueous extract and EDTA (34.36±2.3%), which was used as a standard. In addition, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity recorded was higher in H. sabdariffa anthocyanins (59.53 ±2.3%) than in the aqueous extract (54.53±1.5%). The in vitro assays conducted in this study shows that H. sabdariffa anthocyanins are better antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals than crude aqueous extract, which is also a source of antioxidants. The results presented in this study supports the fact that anthocyanins have a high chemical (DPPH, FRAP, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating) antioxidant activity.
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... While together with other herbs, its administration is said to act as antidotes for several poisonous agents including chemicals in South East and South Western Nigeria (Owoyele and Owolabi 2014). Its efficacy has been reported for the treatment of Cyanide poisoning due to consumption of poorly processed cassava (Manihotesculanta Crantz) (Ononogbu 1990;Uvere 1999). Crude palm oil and its fractions have been experimentally tried as a natural remedy against lead poisoning (Twumasi et al. 2014). ...
Palm oil extracts protected against cadmium chloride poisoning via inhibition of oxidative stress in rats
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2022
Background The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl 2 insult. Results Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione) were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly ( p < 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were significant ( p < 0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile. Conclusions Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target against its deleterious effects. Graphical Abstract
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Effect of Microbial Cell-Size on Solid State Fermentation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Rhizopus oligosporus
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
The solid state fermentation of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp (cowpea) and Arachis hypogaea L. (groundnut) was carried out using Rhizopus oligosporus at different inoculum size (1.89 x 102, 3.78 x 102, 5.67 x 102, 7.56 x 102, 9.45 x 102 and 11.34 x 102 CFU g-1). Following fermentation for 72 hours, biochemical parameters were determined in fermented and unfermented samples. All inoculum sizes produced significantly more phenol and flavonoids in the fermented groundnut samples as compared to the control, with the 15% inoculum size providing the most phenols (255.0 mg GAE/g). The fermentation of cowpea showed a similar pattern. The recognized antioxidant molecules flavonoids and phenols have sufficient capacity to reduce the negative effects of free radicals. The fermented samples' 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical increased significantly as compared to the unfermented sample. Comparing the fermented samples to the unfermented sample (control) at various inoculum sizes, amylase activity rose dramatically. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) can be employed to enhance the nutritional characteristics of cowpea and groundnut as soluble protein, glucose, and reducing sugars were also significantly increased in fermented cowpea and groundnut (at the different inoculum sizes) compared to the control. From this study, it is obvious that the selected fungus isolate, R. oligosporus showed high enzymatic activities and increased value added product of cowpea at varying inoculum size. This is an important characteristic for possible biotechnological applications.
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Treatment with Hibiscus sabdarrifa L Anthocyanins Improve Hematological Parameters in Rats Exposed to Cadmium
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2022
Background and objectives: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to blood cells and other tissues of the body. This study examined the influence of Hibiscus sabdarrifa anthocyanins (HSA) pretreatment on selected blood parameters in rats administered Cd.
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Palm oil extracts’ protected against cadmium chloride poisoning via inhibition of oxidative stress in rats”
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Dec 2021
Background: The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2 insult. Results: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione) were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly (p<0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were significant (p<0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile. Conclusions: Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target against its deleterious effects.
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Medicinal and therapeutic potential of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
Chapter
  • Jan 2021
The Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is being extensively used in folk medicine owing to its rich phytochemical profile including polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, organic acids, and polysaccharides, thereby offering greater prospects in therapeutic and medicinal uses. The Roselle infusions or decoctions present significant therapeutic options against various degenerative ailments such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetics, cancer, hepatoprotection, nephroprotection, and many others. The previous work supports the scientific hypothesis that Roselle plant enriched with bioactive constituents plays an imperative role in the management of degenerative and chronic diseases that are associated with oxidative stress. However, well-designed animal and human studies are underway to precisely quantify the therapeutic potential of purified phytochemical preparations. This work aims to review and document the scientific evidence about the potential therapeutic uses of the Roselle plant.
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Protective Influence of Zinc on Reproductive Parameters in Male Rat Treated with Cadmium
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2020
The toxic effect of drugs and environmental chemicals on the human reproductive system has become a major health concern. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal toxicant, present widely in our environment and workplaces. A very significant source of Cd is in the production of nickel-cadmium batteries. It is well known that cadmium causes adverse effects on male reproductive organs and reproductive functions in experimental animals. The objective of the present study is to detect the effect of the antioxidant (zinc)) on the toxicity of low dose of Cadmium chloride on some histological and hormonal parameters of the reproductive system of adult male rats. forty five mature albino male rat were used (Rattus rattus norvegicus albinus), as a mammalian model. The statistical analysis shows a highly significant (P< 0.001) decrease in the weight of the testes and the seminal vesicles in treated group when compared with control group and there was a significant (p≤0.05) difference in the group treated with (Cd+zinc) as compared to control. The results of the sperm parameters show a high significant (P< 0.001) decrease in sperm concentration and a highly significant (p≤0.001) decrease in sperm motility mean in treated groups as compared to control. Moreover, administration of (zinc) with Cd in showed a highly significant (p≤0.001) increase in percentage of progressively motile sperms as compared to the group received Cd only. The Levels of serum hormones shows a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of testosterone hormone after cadmium administration with non significant deference in testosterone level after cadmium plus zinc administration when compared with control, while highly significant (p≤0.01) increase in the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after cadmium administration with significant increase in FSH level after cadmium plus zinc administration when compared with control. Also the results showed significant decrease in LH level after cadmium administration with non significant deference in LH level after cadmium plus zinc administration when compared with control. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cadmium, like all other heavy metals, could induce oxidative stress and the concomitant administration of antioxidants like (zinc) can ameliorate the toxic effect of Cadmium on spermatogenesis. (PDF) Protective Influence of Zinc on Reproductive Parameters in Male Rat Treated with Cadmium. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341444075_Protective_Influence_of_Zinc_on_Reproductive_Parameters_in_Male_Rat_Treated_with_Cadmium [accessed May 17 2020].
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Effects of Hibiscus Sabdarrifa L. anthocyanins on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2018
The search for potential ameliorative substances of Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is ongoing. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of Hibiscus Sabdarrifa L. anthocyanins (HSA) on Cd-induced oxidative stress in wistar rats. Anthocyanins were extracted from H. sabdariffa calyces using standard protocols and were identified with a Agilent HPLC system (model-LC 1100 series).Thirty wistar rats (185±5.2g) divided into Five (5) groups and were treated for fifteen days: Group 1: control, Group 2: Cd alone, 3mg/kg b wt, Group 3: HSA alone, 3mg/kg b wt, Group 4: HSA Pre-Cd - HSA (3g/ kg b wt for ten consecutive days) and Cd (3mg/ kg b wt) for the remaining five days, Group 5: HSA Post-Cd - Cd (3mg/kg b wt) for the first five consecutive days then HSA (3g/ kg b wt) for the remaining ten days. Comparison of HPLC chromatogram of anthocyanin extract of H. sabdariffa calyces with published data revealed the presence of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside and petunidin-3- monoglucoside. Exposure to Cd significantly reduced (p<0.05) GSH levels and glutathione-s-transferase activity but significantly (P<0.05) increased lipid peroxidation in the plasma and tissues of rats. Cd-exposure also caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in tissue SOD and CAT, but pre-treatment and post-treatment with HSA improved tissue SOD, CAT and GST activitieswith concomitant increase in GSH levels and reduction in tissue lipid peroxidation. This confirms the antioxidant capacity of H. sabdariffa anthocyanins in ameliorating Cd-induced oxidative stress when administered pre and post Cd exposure.
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Work's Environment Effect on Metal and Male Reproductive Hormones Levels: Circulating Testosterone, LH, and FSH are Positively Associated with Cadmium, Lead, and Molybdenum
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2017
Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the concentration cadmium (Cd.), lead (Pb.), and molybdenum (Mol.) in blood samples of petrol stations workers and its relationships with the male reproductive hormones levels such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and Testosterone. Methods: This study included 31 workers in 4 petrol station in different sites of Thi-Qar city/Iraq, who were working since more than 5 year in the petrol station and spend more than 12h work time, and ten healthy in different sites of a same city. Both groups age were ranged from 23 to 45 years old. Heavy material (Pb, Mo, and Cd) were determined by atomic absorption method using Shimadzu AA-7000 Dual Atomizer system. Hormones level (FSH, LH, and testosterone) were determined by enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) using the Bio Mérieux VIDAS Automated Immunoassay System. Results: Our results found significantly higher Cd, Mo, and Pb levels in Petrol workers compared to control (p<0.05). While no significantly differences were detected between FSH levels in control and Petrol workers groups, significantly higher testosterone level was found in Petrol workers compared to control (p<0.05). Conversely, significantly lower LH level in Petrol workers group than it in control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: the petrol station workers exposure to Cd, Pb, and Mol which lead to increase its levels in their blood due to neglect the occupational safety instructions. Thus associated positively with the testosterone level and negatively with the LH level in their blood.
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Free radical scavenging properties and antioxidant activities of some anthocyanins purified from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) callus using in-vitro tests
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2015
The present study evaluated the anti-oxidative activity of Hibiscus callus anthocyanins (HCA) by measuring their effects on lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity. HCA have been tested in vitro examining their TBARS and the antiradical activity was estimated by the ability of HCA to scavenge the DPPH•. The anti-oxidative activity of HCA was defined by TBARS assay (IC50) in the Fe(2⁺) and Cu(2⁺)-mediated oxidize lipids. Six anthocyanins were determined in Roselle callus. The most prominent anthocyanin was Cya-3sam followed by Dp-3sam, Mv-3gluc and Dp-3gluc. Cya-3gluc and Pt-3gluc were the lowest anthocyanins. HCA showed strong potential in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. A high correlation between the number of glycoside, the number of hydroxyl and, radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of HCA was found. Thus, HCA classified as antioxidants are able to inhibit lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals: Dp-3sam > Cya-3sam > Dp-3gluc > Cya-3gluc. It can be concluded that HCA could be a potential source of antioxidant compounds.
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Biochemical and Ultra Structure Studies of the Antioxidant Effect of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on the Nephrotoxicity Induced by Organophosphorous Pesticide (Malathion) on the Adult Albino Rats
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2011
Organophosphorous (OP) pesticide is applied to numerous crops, including wheat and corn. Residual amounts of organophosphorous pesticides have been detected in soil, vegetables, grains and other food products. Several mechanisms of the OP toxicity have been proposed, including the induction of cellular proliferation, oxidative stress and immune-toxicity. Roselle (ROS, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., family Malvaceae) is an annual shrub commonly used to make jellies, jams and beverages. Many biological activities have been recorded for ROS, such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-carcinogenic, hepato-protective and anti-oxidative properties. The Aim: this study was set to evaluate the possible protective effect of Roselle on nephro-toxicity induced by sub-lethal dose of Malathion in rats. Material and Methods: 24 adult male albino rats were used and divided into four groups of 6 rats/each. Group I: animals were given corn oil at a dose of 0.2 ml per animal via gavage once a day for one month and served as a control. Group II: animals received only aqueous extracts of Roselle at a daily dose of (500 mg /kg b. wt./day). Group III: animals were given Malathion at a sub lethal dose of 27mg/kg b. wt./day. Groups IV: animals were given both of aqueous extracts of Roselle as the same dose of group II three hours before the administration of Malathion. At the end of the experimental period the kidney function and markers of oxidative stress were investigated. Moreover, histopathological examination of the renal tissue was carried by light and electron microscopes. The results of the present study showed that treatment with Malathion alone caused increase in the kidney weight (P<0.001), cellular degeneration, necrosis of the renal tissues and increase in the serum urea and creatinine (P<0.001 for both). However, administration of aqueous extract of Roselle prior to Malathion resulted in a significant alleviation of the kidney injuries evidenced by a decrease of the kidney weights when compared to the Malathion-treated (P<0.001) and biochemical indices; urea and creatinine (P<0.001; P>0.05, respect.) for both when compared to the Malathion-treated and control groups, respectively. Furthermore, there was significant improvement of the histological picture toward the normal among the Malathion+ROS-treated group. All these effects may be due to the antioxidant effect of the Roselle as treatment with the extract of Roselle significantly elevated (P<0.001) the decreased CAT activity observed with Malathion treated rats. Moreover, treatment with the extract of Roselle significantly elevated the SOD levels when compared to the Malathion-treated animals (P<0.001). Furthermore, the GSH level reduced significantly (P<0.001) along with increased in MDA concentration (P<0.001) in the Malathion treated group as compared to the control group. However on treatment with Roselle extract, the GSH level was found to be enhanced significantly (P<0.001) and the MDA contents were reduced (P<0.001) when compared to the Malathion treated group. Conclusion, the results of the current study showed that the aqueous extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa possess a potent protective effect against the oxidative stress induced by sub lethal dose of Malathion on the rat kidney.
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Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanins Extracted from Iraqi Iresine herbstii L. Flowers after Drying and Freezing
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2015
Any processing method that maintains the level of compounds known for their health benefits will be of interest to the food industries. Therefore, the effects of vacuum drying, storage and freezing on the anthocyanin content and their antioxidant properties of Iresine herbstii L. flowers were in- vestigated. The results showed that fresh samples (AEFF) had the highest amount of total antho- syanin content (8.31 ± 0.23 mg/g dry matter, expressed as cyaniding 3-glucoside equivalents), followed by 7.17 ± 0.12 mg/g solid content, 13.72% loss of vacuum dried samples (AEDF). In com- parison with fresh samples, total anthocyanins in stored samples for two weeks at 5 ̊C (AESF) and frozen samples during 1 (AEZF1) and 3 months (AEZF3) of storage were significantly (P < 0.01) re- duced to 6.43 ± 0.24 mg/g solid content, 22.63% loss, 5.65 ± 0.33 mg/g solid content, 32.01% loss and 4.71 ± 0.51 mg/g solid content, 43.33% loss, respectively. Anthocyanins from I. herbstii L. flowers exhibited a dose-dependent (AEFF > AEDF > AESF > AEZF1 > AEZF3, respectively) antioxi- dant activity against lipid peroxidation in a linoleic acid model system as well as strong reducing power and ferrous ion chelating abilities. Moreover, the anthocyanins extracted were found to show remarkable scavenging activity on superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radicals and deoxyribose degradation. Based on the results obtained, we can concluded that the Iresine herbstii L. flowers may be valuable natural antioxidant sources and are potentially applicable in both pharmacy and food industry.
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Protective effect of bioflavonoid morin on cadmium induced oxidative neuropathy
Article
  • Jan 2017
Cadmium (Cd) a toxic heavy metal environmental pollutant imposes deleterious health consequences to human population. Reports suggest that rampant free radical generation and oxidative stress are the cardinal event in Cd induced neurotoxicity. Recently, therapeutic intervention using bioflavonoids gaining more attention to mitigate oxidative stress related pathologies. Thus the present study was scrutinized to study the bio efficacy of natural flavonoid Morin (MO) on Cd induced oxidative neurotoxicity. Cd intoxication (3 mg/kg; s.c) for 21 days displayed significant reduction in the activity of Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE), Monoaminooxidase (MAO) in the brain tissue. Further elevated lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content were also observed in Cd intoxicated rats. Meanwhile the activities of enzymic and non enzymic antioxidants were significantly reduced and the protein expression of apoptotic protein Caspase 3 was upregulated in Cd exposed rats. However, in the present study morin treatment (40 mg/kg) significantly restored the altered biochemical markers level to normalcy. Further, the protein expression of caspase 3 was significantly down regulated in morin administered rats. Thus, the neuroprotective potential of morin might be due to its effective antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidative effect and through inhibition of apoptotic proteins.
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Hepatorenal and Testicular Protective Effects of Lycopene against Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Male Rats
Article
  • Jan 2016
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal in the contaminated environment which accumulates in different organs of the human and animal. Cd exposure leads to the production of reactive oxygen species present study was performed to evaluate the effect of cadmium on the biochemical criteria (ROS). The related to oxidative stress in kidney, liver and testis of adult male rats and to clarify the protective effect of pre and post treatment with lycopene on these criteria. The results showed that cadmium treatment caused significant elevations in liver and kidney weights, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferse (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamaglutamyltransferase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with significant reductions in weights of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate, serum total protein and plasma testosterone. It also markedly increased lipid peroxidation and cadmium concentration in kidney, liver and testis tissues, while significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione in the tissues of the three organs. Cadmium intoxicated rats showed also considerable increase in the percentages of dead sperms and abnormal sperm rate, while marked decrease in sperm concentration and sperm motility as compared to the control group. Pre-supplementation with lycopene prevented degenerative changes induced by cadmium, reduced oxidative stress and restored the biochemical changes occurring in kidney, liver and testis tissues to near normal group (control). In addition pretreatment with lycopene was more effective than post- treatment in reversing almost all hepatorenal and testicular parameters.
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Protective effects of honey against cadmium-induced alteration of some biochemical parameters in rats
Article
  • Apr 2015
The objective of this study is to elucidate on the effect of honey on plasma and organ biochemical parameters of albino rats exposed to acute and sub-chronic dose of cadmium chloride. Uric acid levels, activities of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, organ (liver, lungs, and kidney) AST, ALT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined. Plasma uric acid and glucose levels, plasma LDH, AST, and ALT activities were significantly decreased; activities of organ SOD, CAT, AST, and ALT activities were increased in rats administered sub-chronically and acutely with cadmium (Cd). Treatment with honey restored their levels to normal.
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