The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity According to the Hebrew Torah and Christian Bible

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This research outlines the concept of resurrection from the ancient Hebrew Torah to Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity according to authoritative and linguistically accurate scriptures accompanied by English translations. Although some contemporary scholars are of the opinion that resurrection is vaguely portrayed in the Hebrew Torah, our research into the ancient texts offers quotes and provides proofs to the contrary. With the passing time, the concept of the resurrection grew even stronger and became one of the most important doctrines of Judaism, enjoined as one of the thirteen articles of faith by Maimonides in the Mishnah. Imitative of the Jewish concept of God reaching out to save Israelites from gehenna, Jesus’ crucifixion and death for the sins of the world, resurrection on the third day, descend into the hells and subsequent rise into heavens became the essential foundation of Christianity, with Christ's resurrection as the impetus for the resurrection of those who believe in him. According to this Pauline theology, Christian faith is based upon the resurrection of Jesus and the hope for a life after death.

KEYWORDS
Resurrection, Judaism, Christianity, Torah, Bible, Comparative Theology;

Full text

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The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
According to the Hebrew Torah and Christian Bible
Ali Scott Vitkovic, Author
Comparative Theology #2
16 April 2018
ABSTRACT
This research outlines the concept of resurrection from the ancient
Hebrew Torah to Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity according to
authoritative and linguistically accurate scriptures accompanied by English
translations. Although some contemporary scholars are of the opinion that
resurrection is vaguely portrayed in the Hebrew Torah, our research into
the ancient texts offers quotes and provides proofs to the contrary. With
the passing time, the concept of the resurrection grew even stronger and
became one of the most important doctrines of Judaism, enjoined as one
of the thirteen articles of faith by Maimonides in the Mishnah. Imitative of
the Jewish concept of God reaching out to save Israelites from gehenna,
Jesus’ crucifixion and death for the sins of the world, resurrection on the
third day, descend into the hells and subsequent rise into heavens
became the essential foundation of Christianity, with Christ's resurrection
as the impetus for the resurrection of those who believe in him. According
to this Pauline theology, Christian faith is based upon the resurrection of
Jesus and the hope for a life after death.
KEYWORDS
Resurrection, Judaism, Christianity, Torah, Bible, Comparative Theology;

The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
28
INTRODUCTION
The English word resurrection is derived from the Latin resurrectionem, nom.
resurrectio, meaning ‘a rising again from the dead’. It denotes a noun of action from the past
participle stem of Latin resurgere, meaning ‘to rise or appear again’. Greek uses the word
anastasis which in the verbal form means 'to cause to stand or rise up or to raise from sleep or
from the dead'.
DISCUSSION
1. Resurrection in Judaism
Resurrection (Heb. <=>? @AB CD >=
AD E? >AF ) in Judaism encompasses the belief that the dead will
be revived in their bodies and live again on Earth. The belief in resurrection and world to come is
a major tenet of the Jewish eschatology and enjoined as an article of faith in the Mishnah 1. It is
also included as the second benediction of the Amidah and as the last of Maimonides' Thirteen
Principles of Faith (Fig.1 and 2). Every day, the Jews recite the following blessings during the
Jewish liturgical prayers,
C>AG HD IF J
AKLAG'C <=>? @B <=K? MG NF O? >J@PGQRF K=S? ET @AD CD
Blessed are You, Lord, who causes the dead to live again (restores souls to the dead).
Figure 1. Maimonides Thirteen Articles of Faith
: C>AG HD IF J
AKLAG <=>? @B >J=ET CD OF C>AG HD U@G HV RW JF'C,
<=>? @AB CD C=
AB ED @F
You are faithful to restore the dead to life. Blessed are You,
O Lord, who brings life to the dead.
After the daily Shacharit’s liturgical prayers, the
following belief is reasserted,
X ( ) , =YD =G CZBQ[T @D =[D \AG @D K]W RB ^KW HG J
APQKF =_ <OG `JaOF <=b? =YA ? ]D <OAG cA d IF @AB [D JF e C=aQ= K@D HV RAW PWQ HLAG CD <OG `JaOG bOW EB <CW OG PQ=B OHB KG ZFQ_ OcAG
. , , , .eKW `Jb=NA? HW JF <_@G PAGQCD U@? CKG `J>A U=HB JF CKG `J>A CD U@? <=>? @AB CD >=
AD E? >AF U=HB K@B `JHCG HLAG CD <OG `JaOG bOW EB <CW OG U=HB PWQ J
AOA HB JF KHB NAG >F C? OF
( ) , , =>A? @F ZDQ KPWQHT COG ET @AD CD OcAG J\ >J@Q K@B `JHJF CcAG @AD CD O[D PQEB `JOA CD JF <=R? `J]=E? CD <=K? NG eAF LD HKB `JbA CD fHD K@B `JH HLG =b? [T =LA? KD
, . ' J=>G `J=
A>? `JHLAF <PABQCD >HW CMW `JCCD fHD K@B `JH OJ
AHPGQ HLAG HD IG HW NF `K C =R? HT =cA? IG =OW [G <=Z?QHG H`O <_KD ]F @? LF :
ghijijhgiXklXmjnopqjrqjgijsghtmqquqmJ [ ] vKHBw NAG >F C? OF =DY =G CBZQ [T@D =D[ \AG@DJ a\@ K]W B R ^KW GH J
APQKF =_ <GO `JaOF< =?b =YA ? ]D <GAO cAd F I @AB[D FDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDYBZQD[BRGH_GO?bGAOFIDY BZQ D[ BR GH _ GO ?b GAO FI
“And your people, all of them righteous, shall possess the land for all time. They are the
shoot that I planted. My handiwork in which I glory”xqjyklzX{|jqjriqjgi
jsghtlOne who says that [the belief of] resurrection of the dead is not
from the Torahm i pjquq j j jgj q i gt}rim ih i pj
higqj gj|~••€r quqlq ipj ghqnqh•€qm ihi pj
pjq•gqiiiirgpnihmquimx‚ƒhnqX„lzy{“I will bring none of these
diseases upon thee that I brought upon the Egyptians for I am the Lord that healeth thee.”
••jnquqmqipjngqj…ri†tqqq•h|

The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
38
, HKB JLA CD >HB @B UJ]KG COW [T =D PWQ >[B LAF <=>? @AB CD >=
AD E? >AF C=W CF >A? PWQ C@G OB PFQ CRG J
A@HV LAW U=@? HT @D =R? HT
<=E? ]G RF E]D RB OF J
AY[D OG JKcF S? COAW [D >F _JF J@PFQ IF KD LAG >F _2.
I believe with perfect faith that there will be a resurrection of the dead at the time that the Creator His name be
blessed desires, and forever his presence will be known.
Figure 2. The 9th Article of Faith of Maimonides
The resurrection of the dead is a basic
principle both of the written and oral Torah of
Moses. To mention only few of the many
examples, the Torah states,
JD==
A?K]WKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
3
הההCG J C=FG JGJGJGJGJGJGJGJGJGJGJGJGJG Jהההה <=?C `OHV?C?C?C?C?C?C?C?C?C?C?C?C?C?C
הההההה ההה<GY HGCGw ‡>HWGYGYGYGYGYGYGYGYGYGYGYGYGY GY
4
And the Lord God formed the man. (Gen. 2:7)
הה=R? HT =?R HT=?A c CGA> [Dˆ J
AH KF=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H=?R?AcGA>H= ?R ?A c GA> H
CWA= EDHT JD> =?@ HG =?R HT =?Y @AG[?< =?C `OHVU =BH JFHJ
ACWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA=?@?R?Y?CBHCWA= ?@ ?R ?Y ?C BH C
הה=?Y =
AG@?U =BH JF HGAN KFHW =?R HTJD = >A? ]F DE @G ? YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?YBHGAN?R=DE?Y BH GAN ? R= DE
O=]?Aw @D
zj•igqnggiqƒ•gqqhiqiqijopqjngu‰||mij
tgii •gug ‚j †qjtjm i j jtij Š‚qgjm ih  i j nig qgrq|
‹tihqthjqjqjgigq•l"I rmly believe that there
will take place a revival of the dead at a time which will please the Creator,
blessed be His name." hqm  i jq Œ‚tni  p•…ŠŒ xpi ij|  ƒ|X{m
hghj•igqnggi •nihti|Žqhgqqmijjgjihm
hgh•q••hgionhqtm•niijnihtijiqm
pjj rp q €i q •u oq•j• i  jq Œ••gtŒ x|m r| ‘„•’Xm ƒƒ|{| j  j
h“numq•ih n •u j g njgm q •ih n pjj gqnggi •
nut•hgt•gqhmqijiig••qjtqrqh”ghqpjjg
gqnggi pq    •  nirgqm  g  j  •gr    j  opqj  ••  ium g    j
gjnq iu| jq i h•ihq  i j •nqi  pjjg  pq   gt •g   j
‹qqight•iqgmgpjjgpqnqjgijq–nhti|hqq
ij•igqnggiiij•mihihrgqgipjgqi•u
t•gi   pj jg  tgnnq riq  i ing ih jqgu  gghh i j  —•|
‹tihqih•ijgttiguiij|ƒ|Xm˜t™ijqttiguiq||
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The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
48
See, then, that I, I am He; There is no god beside Me. I deal death and give life; I wounded and I will heal: None
can deliver from My hand. (Deut. 32:39)
Prophet Isaiah 26:19 states,
הההההJ
A=EF _w= ============= הה =?A c KGN [G =BR cF`PQ J
AR RAF KD JFJ A]=?b CGU J
A@ J
Ab=F =?> OGLB RFI G =W> @B?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?AcGNBRR?b@?>W>?A c GN B R R ?b @ ?> W>
O=N?Aw >AD <=?H NG KF^ KW GH JG IG WAO \D> `K`JH OD\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWA O>D\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWA O>D\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWA O>D\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWA O>D\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWAO>D\?HGHWA O>D\ ?H GH WAO> D\
Oh, let your dead revive! Let corpses arise! Awake and shout for joy, you who dwell in the dust! For your dew is like
the dew on fresh growth; You make the land of the shades come to life.
Prophet Ezekiel 37:12 states,
=GR `YHTK @D HG ‡C`wA c <WC =OB HTG A> KF@D HG JFHBL RAGC?U cB OGGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRKWCGA>BLUGRK WC GA> BLUCJ?C=FCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ED B>`N= ?R HTC RAB C?B>? RCB>?RCB>?RCB>?RCB>?RCB>?RCB>?RCB>?RCB>?RCB>?RCB>? RCB>?RCB>?RC B> ?RC
הההההההההההה ההה=?> HLB CB JF= ?A@ [D <Wc =>B `JKLF bA? @?< Wc >FHW =?> =OB [T CD JF< Wc =>B `JKw LF b? ‡>HW?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?>?A@WcWc?>Wc?> ?A@ Wc Wc ?> Wc
ההההOHBw KG ZFQ_ >D@ YFHD ‡OHW< Wc >FHW D@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@WcD@ Wc
Prophesy, therefore, and say to them: Thus said the Lord God: I am going to open your graves and lift you out of
the graves, O My people, and bring you to the land of Israel.
Prophet Daniel 12:2 states,
ההההCOAW BH JF <GO `Ja =BA= EDOF C OAW BH J
A]=?b =G KGN [G‡>@D YF HD= BR PBQ=
AF @?< =?AL KDJF BHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBHGOBA=BH?bGNBR?ALBH GO BA= BH ?b GN B R ?AL
הההההה<OGw `Ja U`JHKF Y? OF> `JNKG ET ODHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNHNH N
Many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to eternal life, others to reproaches, to
everlasting abhorrence.
Rashi, in his commentary on Deuteronomy in Sifrei Devarim 47:2, says,
םהל תתל , , .>=
AD E? >AF <=Y? @B OF R=]? @G UHcAD @? <CW OG >>B OG HOAG HW UHcAD L=>? cAF U=HB <cW OG >>B OG
CKG ¡¢CD U@? <=>? @AB CD
<CO >>O “[The land which the Lord swore unto your fathers] to give to THEM” — It is not written here “to give to
you” but “to give to them”. Therefore, it is possible to derive that the tenet of the “Resurrection of the Dead” is of
the Torah’s origin.
Sanhedrin 92a declares,
( , ) >J@= OHJ ULJHK =E= J MO <=KLY K@HRQ CKJ>C U@ <=>@C >==E>O U==R@ HLK K@H
( , ) <=LKJ L L= OH=RY HcC@ K@H HR=LK HLC <OJaO >J@= OHJ CSC <OJaL ULJHK =E=
K@H =QH LK <OJa UJHKYO >JNKEO COHJ <OJa ==EO COH J]=b= KNa >@YH =RQ=@
[ ] ( , ) U=@=C ^bO IOKJMO YJ@a>J EJR>J ^bO IO C>HJ M= L= OH=RY HcC@
The Gemara returns to the topic of the source for resurrection in the Torah. Rava says, “From where is
‘Resurrection of the Dead’ derived in the Torah?” It is derived from a verse, as it is stated, “Let Reuben live and
not die, in that his men become few” (Deuteronomy 33:6). This is interpreted as, “Let Reuben live [in this world]
and not die [in the World-to-Come].” Ravina says that resurrection is derived from the following verse, “And many
of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awaken, some to everlasting life, and some to reproaches and
everlasting disgrace” (Daniel 12:2). Rav Ashi says proof is derived from this verse, “But go you your way until the
end be; and you shall rest, and arise to your lot at the end of days” (Daniel 12:13).
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The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
58
While the Sadducees denied the resurrection of the dead5, the Pharisees all the more
enunciated it in their liturgy6, and established their belief in the resurrection as one of their
fundamental pillars of faith7. Also, the Essenes believed in the resurrection of the body.8
However, several contemporary secular religious scholars seem to be of an opinion that the
Resurrection of the Dead in Judaism is vaguely expressed in the Torah. Yet, in regards to the oral
and written Torah, such a generalizing opinion seems unfounded, as many proofs testify to the
fact that the Prophets of God did indeed revealed and considered resurrection of the dead as one
of their fundamental beliefs.
2. Resurrection in Christianity
Imitative of the Jewish concept of God reaching out to save Israelites from Gehenna9,
Jesus’ crucifixion and death for the sins of the world, resurrection on the third day (Fig. 3),
descend into the hells and subsequent rise into the heavens is the central crux of Christianity.
Figure 3. The Resurrection of Jesus, Christian Iconography
The 1st Corinthians’ 15:3-4 states,
3 παρέδωκα γ ρ μ ν ν πρώτοις, κα παρέλαβον, τι χριστ ς πέθανεν π ρ τ νὰ ὑ ῖ ἐ ὃ ὶ ὅ ὸ ἀ ὑ ὲ ῶ
μαρτι ν μ ν κατ τ ς γραφάς, 4 κα τι τάφη, κα τι γήγερται τ μέρ τ τρίτἁ ῶ ἡ ῶ ὰ ὰ ὶ ὅ ἐ ὶ ὅ ἐ ῇ ἡ ᾳ ῇ ῃ
κατ τ ς γραφάς,ὰ ὰ 10
3 Tradidi enim vobis in primis quod et accepi: quoniam Christus mortuus est pro peccatis nostris
secundum Scripturas: 4 et quia sepultus est, et quia resurrexit tertia die secundum Scripturas:11
3 For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins
in accordance with the Scriptures, 4 that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in
accordance with the Scriptures.12
And continues with 15:14-18,
14 ε δ χριστ ς ο κ γήγερται, κεν ν ρα [κα ] τ κήρυγμα μ ν, κεν κα πίστις μ ν,ἰ ὲ ὸ ὐ ἐ ὸ ἄ ὶ ὸ ἡ ῶ ὴ ὶ ἡ ὑ ῶ
15 ε ρισκόμεθα δ κα ψευδομάρτυρες το θεο , τι μαρτυρήσαμεν κατ το θεο τιὑ ὲ ὶ ῦ ῦ ὅ ἐ ὰ ῦ ῦ ὅ
γειρεν τ ν χριστόν, ν ο κ γειρεν ε περ ρα νεκρο ο κ γείρονται. 16 ε γ ρ νεκρο ο κἤ ὸ ὃ ὐ ἤ ἴ ἄ ὶ ὐ ἐ ἰ ὰ ὶ ὐ
γείρονται, ο δ χριστ ς γήγερται· 17 ε δ χριστ ς ο κ γήγερται, ματαία πίστις μ ν,ἐ ὐ ὲ ὸ ἐ ἰ ὲ ὸ ὐ ἐ ἡ ὑ ῶ
τι στ ν τα ς μαρτίαις μ ν. 18 ρα κα ο κοιμηθέντες ν χριστ πώλοντο.ἔ ἐ ὲ ἐ ῖ ἁ ὑ ῶ ἄ ὶ ἱ ἐ ῶ ἀ
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The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
68
14 Si autem Christus non resurrexit, inanis est ergo prædicatio nostra, inanis est et fides vestra:
15 invenimur autem et falsi testes Dei: quoniam testimonium diximus adversus Deum quod
suscitaverit Christum, quem non suscitavit, si mortui non resurgunt. 16 Nam si mortui non
resurgunt, neque Christus resurrexit. 17 Quod si Christus non resurrexit, vana est fides vestra:
adhuc enim estis in peccatis vestris. 18 Ergo et qui dormierunt in Christo, perierunt.
14 And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain. 15
We are even found to be misrepresenting God, because we testified about God that he raised
Christ, whom he did not raise if it is true that the dead are not raised. 16 For if the dead are not
raised, not even Christ has been raised. 17 And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile
and you are still in your sins. 18 Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished.
The basis of the New Testament and Christian salvation rests in Christ’s resurrection,
meaning that Jesus not only rose from the dead and is alive but also guarantees that all who
believe in him will likewise rise from their graves to the everlasting life. The Gospel of John
3:16-18, states,
16 ο τως γ ρ γάπησεν θε ς τ ν κόσμον, στε τ ν υ ν τ ν μονογεν δωκεν, να π ς ὕ ὰ ἠ ὁ ὸ ὸ ὥ ὸ ἱὸ ὸ ῆ ἔ ἵ ᾶ ὁ
πιστεύων ε ς α τ ν μ πόληται λλ χ ζω ν α ώνιον. 17 ο γ ρ πέστειλεν θε ς τ νἰ ὐ ὸ ὴ ἀ ἀ ᾽ ἔ ῃ ὴ ἰ ὐ ὰ ἀ ὁ ὸ ὸ
υ ν ε ς τ ν κόσμον να κρίν τ ν κόσμον, λλ να σωθ κόσμος δι α το . 18 ἱὸ ἰ ὸ ἵ ῃ ὸ ἀ ᾽ ἵ ῇ ὁ ᾽ ὐ ῦ ὁ
πιστεύων ε ς α τ ν ο κρίνεται· δ μ πιστεύων δη κέκριται, τι μ πεπίστευκεν ε ς τἰ ὐ ὸ ὐ ὁ ὲ ὴ ἤ ὅ ὴ ἰ ὸ
νομα το μονογενο ς υ ο το θεο .ὄ ῦ ῦ ἱ ῦ ῦ ῦ
16 Sic enim Deus dilexit mundum, ut Filium suum unigenitum daret: ut omnis qui credit in eum,
non pereat, sed habeat vitam æternam. 17 Non enim misit Deus Filium suum in mundum, ut

The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
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judicet mundum, sed ut salvetur mundus per ipsum. 18 Qui credit in eum, non judicatur; qui
autem non credit, jam judicatus est: quia non credit in nomine unigeniti Filii Dei.
16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him
should not perish but have eternal life. 17 For God did not send his Son into the world to
condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him. 18 Whoever
believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe is condemned already, because
he has not believed in the name of the only Son of God.
The Gospel of John 5:28-29 announces,
28 μ θαυμάζετε το το, τι ρχεται ρα ν πάντες ο ν το ς μνημείοις κούσουσιν τ ςὴ ῦ ὅ ἔ ὥ ἐ ᾗ ἱ ἐ ῖ ἀ ῆ
φων ς α το 29 κα κπορεύσονται, ο τ γαθ ποιήσαντες ε ς νάστασιν ζω ς, ο δ τῆ ὐ ῦ ὶ ἐ ἱ ὰ ἀ ὰ ἰ ἀ ῆ ἱ ὲ ὰ
φα λα πράξαντες ε ς νάστασιν κρίσεως.ῦ ἰ ἀ
28 Nolite mirari hoc, quia venit hora in qua omnes qui in monumentis sunt audient vocem Filii
Dei: 29 et procedent qui bona fecerunt, in resurrectionem vitæ; qui vero mala egerunt, in
resurrectionem judicii.
28 Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his
voice 29 and come out, those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who
have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.
Thereafter, the Book of Revelations 20:13-15 informs that,
13 κα δωκεν θάλασσα το ς νεκρο ς το ς ν α τ , κα θάνατος κα δης δωκαν το ςὶ ἔ ἡ ὺ ὺ ὺ ἐ ὐ ῇ ὶ ὁ ὶ ὁ ᾅ ἔ ὺ
νεκρο ς το ς ν α το ς, κα κρίθησαν καστος κατ τ ργα α τ ν. 14 κα θάνατος καὺ ὺ ἐ ὐ ῖ ὶ ἐ ἕ ὰ ὰ ἔ ὐ ῶ ὶ ὁ ὶ
δης βλήθησαν ε ς τ ν λίμνην το πυρός. ο τος θάνατος δεύτερός στιν, λίμνη τοὁ ᾅ ἐ ἰ ὴ ῦ ὖ ὁ ὁ ἐ ἡ ῦ
πυρός. 15 κα ε τις ο χ ε ρέθη ν τ βίβλ τ ς ζω ς γεγραμμένος βλήθη ε ς τ ν λίμνην τοὶ ἴ ὐ ὑ ἐ ῇ ῳ ῆ ῆ ἐ ἰ ὴ ῦ
πυρός.
13 et dedit mare mortuos, qui in eo erant: et mors et infernus dederunt mortuos suos, qui in ipsis
erant: et judicatum est de singulis secundum opera ipsorum. 14 Et infernus et mors missi sunt in
stagnum ignis. Hæc est mors secunda. 15 Et qui non inventus est in libro vitæ scriptus, missus est
in stagnum ignis.
13 And the sea gave up the dead who were in it, Death and Hades gave up the dead who were in
them, and they were judged, each one of them, according to what they had done. 14 Then Death
and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire. 15 And if
anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.
In Christianity, resurrection most critically concerns the Resurrection of Jesus and the
Resurrection of the Dead on the Day of Judgement.13 According to the Pauline theology,
Christian faith is based upon the resurrection of Jesus and the hope for a life after death.
CONCLUSION
Both Judaism and Christianity share common resurrection beliefs according to their
authoritative Scriptures. While in Judaism resurrection refers to the Jewish individual in
particular and to the humanity in general, Christianity is founded upon the resurrection
of Jesus Christ through whom and with whom Christians will be risen to the life
everlasting.
X‘†igh

The Resurrection in Judaism and Christianity
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