No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design and Use of Past Environments
... Esta perspetiva tem-se dividido em estudos sobre paisagens históricas e paisagens contemporâneas, sendo que a principal diferença está na estabilidade do significado dos símbolos. Enquanto as paisagens pré-modernas e modernas têm uma maior continuidade temporal do significado dos símbolos, um maior enraizamento local desses símbolos e um processo de transformação da paisagem mais lento, as paisagens contemporâneas caracterizam--se pela multiplicidade, globalidade, e efemeridade dos seus símbolos, bem como pela coexistência de grupos que lutam pela transformação dessas representações sociais espacializadas (Cosgrove & Daniels, 1988). Cosgrove (1984) destacou a relação entre as representações (da pintura e fotografia) da paisagem e a transformação da própria paisagem como a criação e manipulações de imagens poderosas com significados que, ao mesmo tempo, mostram e impõem um certo tipo de organização sócio-espacial. ...
... Cosgrove, D., & Daniels, S. (1988). The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design, and Use of Past Environments. ...
Este livro pretende introduzir os métodos qualitativos a geógrafos em formação. Foi pensado como o primeiro passo para quem está a começar a planear um projeto de investigação no qual a informação qualitativa se revela significante. A investigação qualitativa implica a definição de metodologias rigorosas, o que significa um cuidado especial com a forma como estabelecemos o nosso campo de investigação, com os métodos através dos quais recolhemos informação, e com as técnicas que usamos para tratar e interpretar essa informação. Pelas características dos dados qualitativos – a sua diversidade, liberdade, e subjetividade –, a investigação qualitativa levanta problemas específicos que os investigadores devem ter em conta. Com isto em mente, este livro aborda os vários caminhos que a investigação qualitativa pode tomar.
... Since the beginning of the 20 th century in human geography, the term "landscape" also carries cultural connotations, and is considered a product of a human-nature interaction (Sauer, 1963). With the cultural turn in Anglo-American human geography, Cosgrove & Daniels (1988) advanced this definition as a way of seeing and representing the world. As Cosgrove has suggested, "the idea of landscape is the most significant expression of the historical attempt to bring together visual image and material world" (Cosgrove, 2003, p. 254). ...
... As Cosgrove has suggested, "the idea of landscape is the most significant expression of the historical attempt to bring together visual image and material world" (Cosgrove, 2003, p. 254). Landscape is infused with objective knowledge and distanced control, and the aesthetic function of the landscape reflects its ideological role in naturalizing social-economic hierarchies (Cosgrove & Daniels, 1988). ...
... The rising importance of the landscape in Renaissance marks a new era in human perception and our relationship with the natural world. The scientific advances of the 15th and 16th centuries associated with the period of the Discoveries brought greater knowledge of plants and animals, and art mirrors that interest in natural world iconography (Cosgrove and Daniels, 1988;Friedländer, 1949;Andrews, 1999;Schama, 1995;Baxandal, 1988;Büttner, 2006;Crandell, 1993;Goody, 1993;Magnin-Gonze, 2009). In Portuguese art of the time, we can find exotic wildlife such as monkeys and camels from Africa; parrots from Brazil, elephants and rhinos from India, among other animals. ...
... It is very rare to find exotic flora represented in Portuguese paintings of the late Gothic, Renaissance and Mannerism periods (D'Ancona, 1977;Pinault, 1991;Azambuja, 2009). The growing interest in and fascination with the image of landscape painting in the Renaissance and in Mannerism mirrors the enhanced role of gardens in a deeply humanistic society (Gombrich, 1966, Cosgrove andDaniels, 1988;Andrews, 1999). In this historical period, the garden was an integrative art that combined architecture, design, scenography, hydraulics, engineering, sculpture, horticulture, among other disciplines (Jellicoe et al., 1986). ...
The paper aims to interpret the intrinsic meanings of naturalism in 15th and 16th century Portuguese paintings – late Gothic, Renaissance and Mannerism periods. The research combines three distinct scientific subjects: Art History (Iconography and Iconology), Natural History (Botany) and Landscape Architecture (Landscape). A relational database was developed to manage a sample of 350 masterpieces of illumination, "fresco" paintings and altarpiece paintings, in order to aid analysis of representations of flora and landscapes.
The main research questions are as follows: What is the landscape’s role in paintings? What are the main types of landscapes in paintings Are the plants depicted in the paintings symbolic or decorative?
Defining and classifying landscape paintings into five types - landscape of symbols, landscape of facts, landscape of fantasy, ideal landscape and real landscape - will allow a new perspective on the landscape’s role. The growing importance of landscape in renaissance art marks a new era in human understanding and in our relationship with the natural world.
... On the one hand, we are dealing with "a material heritage" in the form of relics, artefacts, structures and other traces of social action in the landscape. Additionally, landscape reveals "a fund of ideas and forms of perception from different historical epochs, societies and cultures" [13] (p. 10), which characterises it as a socially produced and reproduced phenomenon [9,[14][15][16]. In this respect, landscape can be understood as a cultural code. ...
The paper explores the correlation between the concepts of territoriality and social practices in the context of urban and rural (re-)production of space. It traces the degree of “habitualisation” of certain actions and the behaviour of stakeholders, identifying those defined as practices, and revealing their role in the (dis-)continuation of territoriality of a region. It takes a German region Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL) as a case study. The research methodology is based on the practice theory of Andreas Reckwitz and his “praxeological quadrat of cultural analysis”, which is applied in this study. The research process includes (a) semi-structured interviews with the representatives of several institutions from the region, (b) narrative analysis and thematic content structuring of the interviews and (c) synthesis analysis. The study clarifies relations between the artefacts and discourses mentioned by the interviewees, and their impact on the practices of the institutions and others contributing to the (dis-)continuation of territoriality and identity of the region. The main findings are related to the (1) methodological contribution—operationalisation of the “praxeological quadrat of cultural analysis”, and (2) substantive contribution—revealing the role of social practices on the continuation of territoriality of the region. The article presents cultural patterns in the perception of and orientation towards long-past territorialities by the interviewees and makes clear what significance these historical and historicising spatial references have for the spatial planning of the present.
... This transition responds to enormous societal change and environmental problems wrought by globalization and allied processes (Birkcland 1998;Jackson 2000). Scholars of 'new' cultural geography (Ley 1985;Cosgrove and Daniels 1988) that draws largely from contemporary cultural studies, cultural anthropology and interdisciplinary scholarship on cultural ecology and cultural politics, have (re)imagined 'human landscape' accounting for the interplay between deep-set structural factors and everyday social-economic practices, mediated by normative and legal apparatuses (Jackson 2003;Kirsch 2014;Dear and Flusty 2002;Fabinyi and Barclay 2022). Within this spacetime fabric, co-exist the obsolete, current, and emergent artefacts and artwork of human actors, defining the very nature of cultural and ecological realities (Dear and Flusty 2002). ...
This essay addresses a less visible cultural dimension of dried fish production in the Indian Sundarbans. Dried fish production, a sector and subsistence that has received limited attention in research except those focusing on its nutritional and economic importance, is predominantly anchored in the values of collective activities and protracted associations between the community and local ecologies. We aim to address this gap with an approach of ‘new’ cultural geography allowing us to explore the case of dried fish that makes sense of historically embedded, ecologically constituted cultural ties and practices of relations, materiality and beliefs shaping the performances and interactions of heterogenous group of actors. The study draws on the ethnographic fieldwork in Sagar Island, a prominent fish drying site in the Indian Sundarbans, to reveal the nature of what is ‘cultural’ in the context of dried fish production through noting practices, methods, species, tools, conventions, meanings, observances, and relations of various sorts accompanying catching and processing fish. Such ‘small things’ contribute seamlessly to creating narrative of a distinctive way of life and shape the perception of fishers and fish processors in the Indian Sundarbans. This work asserts the significance of what is ‘place-based’ ‘customary’ or ‘ordinary’ imparting cultural values to dried fish, given the corrosive ‘development’ trends in fisheries governance threatening the social-ecological realities today. Simultaneously, it intends to take the interdisciplinary realm of fisheries and cultural geography scholarship to a more grounded approach that may allow identifying what generates disvalues in the sector and highlighting responsible ways to protect the ‘cultural life’ of dried fish.
... Architect Christian Norberg-Schulz (1979) became interested in the phenomenology of landscapes, examining the phrase "genius loci" and exploring the characters of places and their significance for people. Cultural geographer Denis Cosgrove explored the concept of a landscape, its symbolic meaning (Cosgrove, 1985), and its status in cultural paintings (Cosgrove and Daniels, 1988). Landscapes have a prominent place and a positive role in the well-being and mental health of people. ...
Fast global changes affect cities from both economic and social standpoints. The COVID 19 pandemic has completely reshaped urban life and led to a greater respect for social connectedness, mental health and well-being. During the pandemic, people went to parks, green areas and picnic areas more regularly, which showed the importance of the availability of public areas for exercising, stress relief and social interaction. In addition to improving the environment, green areas are crucial for rest and relaxation from the fast pace of urban life. This paper explores the potential of specific areas to encourage citizens to adopt a healthier lifestyle and increase their well-being, focusing on the cultural landscape of the historic Srpske Toplice (Gornji Seher) neighborhood in Banja Luka, a segment of urban and architectural heritage that has preserved elements of local traditional architecture and culture. This neighbourhood, known for its hot springs, was built under the Ottomans and has a unique combination of natural and architectural elements. The research discusses the importance of the connection between people and their environment, highlighting how cultural heritage and a sense of place can enhance citizens? mental health and well-being when utilized for therapeutic purposes. The cultural landscape of Srpske Toplice was built between a green area (Starcevica Nature Park) and a blue area (Vrbas River). This paper presents a case study that aims to enhance our understanding of landscapes by considering the cultural, spiritual, emotional, physical and social well-being of communities.
... İlk çalışmalar peyzajı "fiziksel gerçeklik" olarak ele alarak yapısal ve morfolojik boyutlara odaklanırken (Crumley vd., 2017), son dönemlerde peyzaj araştırmaları, peyzajı "sosyal yapı" olarak ele alarak sosyal, kültürel ve zihinsel boyutlara yönelmiştir. Bu dönemden itibaren insan faktörü peyzaj tartışmalarına daha fazla dahil edilmeye başlanmış; (Cosgrove, 1988;Duncan ve Duncan, 2009). 20. ...
Barıș içinde adil ve eșit bir yașam özlemi ile girdiğimiz XXI. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğini tamamlarken dünyada doğa ve
insan kaynaklı afetlerin ve çatıșmaların sayısının giderek artmakta olduğunu ve söz konusu felaketlerin sonucunda geri dönüșü mümkün olmayan can kayıplarının yanı sıra insanlığın geçmișten bu yana ürettiği tarihi çevrelerin
de tahrip edildiği bir durumla karșı karșıyayız.
ICOMOS (Uluslararası Anıtlar ve Sitler Konseyi), 2001 yılından itibaren yıllık Risk Altındaki Kültür Mirası (Heritage@Risk) raporu ile ilișkili olarak özellikle yitirilme riski tașıyan bir miras türüne dikkat çekilmesi amacıyla belirlenen bir tema çerçevesinde genellikle 18 Nisan Uluslararası Anıtlar ve Sitler Günü’nde bașlayarak yıl boyunca
süren etkinlikler gerçekleștirmektedir. Son yıllarda doğa ve insan kaynaklı afetlerin yol açtığı büyük yıkımlar karșısında ICOMOS, “afet ve çatıșmalara dirençli miras” için kapasite geliștirmeye yönelik bir yol haritası geliștirmeyi hedeflemiș ve bu çerçevede 2024 yılı temasını “Venedik Tüzüğü Merceğinden Afetler ve Çatıșmalar”
olarak belirlemiștir. Prof. Dr. Cevat Erder’in “Bir Tarihi Anıt Gibi Korunmalı” dediği Venedik Tüzüğü’nün kabul edilișinin 60. yılında ICOMOS, koruma kamuoyunu;
(i) tüzükten bu yana koruma uygulamalarının gelișimini değerlendirmeye;
(ii) tüzüğün dünya çapında koruma uygulamaları üzerindeki etkileri üzerine düșünmeye ve
(iii) iklim acil durumu, çatıșmalar ve doğal afetlerin zorluklarını ele almak için tüzüğün uygunluğunu
tartıșmaya davet etmektedir.
1964 tarihli Venedik Tüzüğü’nde tarihi anıt kavramının yalnızca mimari bir eserle sınırlı olmadığı bunun yanında
önemli bir uygarlığın, gelișmenin ya da tarihi bir olayın tanıklığını yapan kentsel veya kırsal bir yerleșmeyi de
kapsadığı belirtilmektedir.
19. yüzyılda tek yapı odaklı olarak gelișen koruma kuramının kapsamı, Venedik Tüzüğü’yle genișlemiș ve günümüze dek çeșitlenerek malzeme bilimini, kültürel peyzajları, arkeolojik mirası, hak temelli koruma yaklașımlarını,
endüstri ve yakın geçmișin mirasını, somut olmayan mirası ve ortak/paylașılan değerleri de kapsayacak açılımlar
gerçekleșmiștir.
Venedik Tüzüğü’nün 60. yılında korumanın genișleyen kapsamına yanıt vermek üzere ortaya konan ilkesel metinlere odaklanan mimar.ist Dergisi’nin bu sayısında; Zeynep AHUNBAY, “Arkeolojik Mirasın Korunmasına Yönelik
Uluslararası İlkeler”,
Pınar AYKAÇ, “İnsan Hakları Odaklı Kültürel Miras Yaklașımının Gelișimini Uluslararası İlkesel Metinler Üzerinden Okumak”,
Melis BİLGİÇ ve Aylin AKÇABOZAN, “Dünya Barıșı için Kültürel Miras: Uluslararası İlkesel Metinlerde Paylașılan/ Ortak Miras Kavramı”,
Özgün ÖZÇAKIR, “Yeniden İșlevlendirme Praksisini Venedik Tüzüğü’nden Günümüze Uluslararası Belgeler Üzerinden Okumak”,
Ebru OMAY POLAT, “Venedik Tüzüğü Sonrası Modern Mimarlık Mirasının Korunmasına Yönelik Tartıșmalar ve İlkesel Metinlere Özgünlük ve Bütüncül Koruma Bağlamında Bir Bakıș”,
İlke ALATLI ve Demet BİNAN, “Yakın Geçmișin Mirasının Korunmasına
Yönelik Güncel Kuramsal Tartıșmalar”,
Özlem KARAKUL, “Venedik Tüzüğü’nden Günümüze Somut ve Somut
Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Bütüncül Korunmasına Yönelik Kavramsal Gelișim”,
Z. Ece ATABAY ve Z. Gül ÜNAL, “21. Yüzyılın Değișen Tehdit ve Risk Ortamında Afet ve Çatıșmalarda Kültürel Mirasın Korunmasına Yönelik İlkesel
Yaklașımlara Yeniden Bakıș”,
Ișıl POLAT PEKMEZCİ, “Venedik Tüzüğü’nden Günümüze Kültürel Mirasın Korunmasında Malzemenin Önemi ve Korunması Üzerine İlkesel Açılımlar”,
Zeynep GÜNAY, “Venedik Tüzüğü’nün 60. Yıldönümünde Mirasın Metalaștırılmasına Karșı Koruma Kuramının Açılımları” ve Emine Çiğdem ASRAV, “Venedik Tüzüğü’nden Günümüze Tarihi Kırsal Peyzajların Korunmasına Yönelik İlkelerin Gelișimi” konularını ele almıș-
lardır.
Venedik Tüzüğü’nden günümüze korumanın genișleyen kapsamını çeșitli miras türleri üzerinden ele alan bu
dosyanın dileği ve umudu; insanlığın yüzlerce yıllık birikiminin yansıması olan somut ve somut olmayan kültürel
mirasın doğa ve insan kaynaklı afetlere dirençli hale geleceği ve barıș içinde eșit ve adil bir dünyada yașayacağımız günlere ulașabilmek…
... A landscape is a product of the interaction between humans and the natural environment [37]. Previous studies have shown that people exhibit different visual behaviors when observing different types of landscape spaces [38]. ...
With the booming development of rural tourism, the users of rural environments are gradually becoming more diverse. Both tourists and villagers are the main appreciators of rural landscapes, but the cognitive similarities and differences in rural landscape between the two have not yet been explored. Therefore, taking Wangshang Village, located in Shaanxi Province, China as a case study, this research used a combination of quantitative analysis (eye-tracking technology) and qualitative analysis (semi-structured interviews) to compare and analyze the cognitive similarities and differences of rural landscapes between tourists and villagers. The experimental results showed that the cognitive similarities and differences in rural landscapes between tourists and villagers are mainly reflected in their level of cognition, observation methods, and key elements of focus. The reasons for cognitive differences are due to the different living backgrounds of the two groups of subjects, as well as their varying levels of familiarity, novelty, and personal needs towards rural landscapes. In conclusion, studying the cognitive differences between the two groups of participants, tourists and villagers, can help address the homogenization problem faced by rural landscapes. Meanwhile, the results of this study also provide theoretical guidance and methodological support for rural landscape design.
... While Locale can be considered a study of what remains in the landscape and how it has changed over time, Story aims to uncover hidden elements not evident through a material analysis. As Story builds on earlier approaches focusing on landscape as a form of cultural image to expose practices of exclusion and other layers of power and control (see Cosgrove & Daniels, 1988;Mitchell, 2008), it also acknowledges the heritage-making practices that determine how different accounts of the past are constructed and interpreted based on existing norms in the present (Smith, 2006). Story therefore aligns with scholarship that explores how notions of landscape and heritage inform different scales of landscape preservation initiatives and policies, particularly in the face of climate change (Harvey & Perry, 2015). ...
... Reading a landscape with a geographical eye Traces or remnants of the past within a landscape can be revealed and read as if they were a text (Cosgrove and Daniels, 1988), revealing multiple perspectives, for instance a beach can be viewed from geographical (physical and human aspects) and philosophical perspectives (Couper, 2014). Different philosophical lenses (natural/positivist, personal/humanistic, social sciences) can be combined to illuminate and further understand a place through contrasting perspectives (Freeman and Morgan, 2014). ...
... Photography is intimately linked to discursive and textual forms produced by agents and institutions of the same historical timeframe, therefore, analysing written sources is an essential task. Moreover, comparing photographs with associated texts minimises the influence of the observers' own preconceptions and brings them closer to the representations (the signifieds) embedded in the image (Barthes, 1977, p. 16;Daniels and Cosgrove, 1988, pp. 1-2). ...
Photography has been used to record different features of human societies since its invention in the first half of the nineteenth century. After years of being used as an illustrative tool in history, photography conquered its place as a primary source since the mid-1980s. In this article I add to this debate with a methodological approach to use photography in history of science and technology (including medicine and engineering). I argue that photography offers an exclusive view to understanding how science and technology were implemented, used, represented, and presented to the public. I offer both practical guidelines and a theoretical framework, based on Barthesian semiotics, which can be used by younger as well as by more experienced academics. I claim that this proposal has the potential to be used as a common denominator between assorted photographic collections and therefore to allow broader comparisons across different historical and geographic contexts. Moreover, it promotes the critical view of photography that should not be taken by its face value, but it should be understood within its sociotechnical and technoscientific context. This reflection certainly has its flaws and shortcomings, and it is naturally open to improvements, through its practical application to photographic collections.
... One of these methods, put forward by Trevor Barnes and James Duncan (1992), is the treatment of a landscape as a text to be read, from which a range of meanings can then be interpreted, as one would with a literary text. An alternative approach, first introduced by Stephen Daniels and Denis Cosgrove (1988b), puts a greater emphasis on the visual nature of landscape and involves the application of the concepts of iconography and iconology to its study. Traditionally employed in the study of art history, iconography refers to the identification of conventional, consciously inscribed symbols in a painting or a sculpture, while iconology involves the interpretation of these symbols to uncover a deeper stratum of meaning indicative of the underlying principles and attitudes that shaped the society in which the work of art was formed (Daniels and Cosgrove 1988a). ...
During the nineteenth century, the first Duke of Wellington’s renown was such that the inhabitants of Britain and Ireland funded a number of public monuments to celebrate his life and achievements. Three examples of these works were raised in Ireland, his native country. They were located in Dublin, Meath and Tipperary, respectively. Through unravelling the history of these monuments in the nineteenth century, this article explores how concepts of identity found form and expression, were shaped and reshaped, in and through the Irish landscape. The political and geographic context, combined with the personal associations of the commemorative subject, offer particular opportunity for the exploration of British and imperial identities, their composition and their relative strength and prevalence in the cultural landscapes of nineteenth-century Ireland. The nature and significance of Protestant Ascendancy and Roman Catholic interactions with the monuments are also considered.
... My montage of works performs as an interwoven multidimensional descriptionnarrative that echoes and generates differentiated audience interpretations. Recent interventionists have rejected the "pictorial way of representing or symbolizing surroundings" (Cosgrove and Daniels, 1989), as well as "the division between inner and outer worlds-respectively of mind and matter, meaning and substance-upon which such distinction rests" (Ingold, 2000). Nevertheless, it was abstraction in art that enabled the engagement of all senses and feelings and facilitated the spectator's experiential participation. ...
... Then, we used the iconographic approach (Daniels & Cosgrove, 1988) to understand what the images represent, and to identify the most relevant elements. We counted the frequency of these elements in the scenes (Supplementary Appendix I), and we interpreted the symbolic meanings attributed to the images to strengthen dominant and counter-narratives (Section What it means: visual elements of a symbolic landscape). ...
... Gradually, those new English toponyms suppressed indigenous place-names in favour of the "standard toponymy of the controlling group" -that is, the Virginia Company. 349 For example, the anonymous Insulae Indicae, printed with Latin inscriptions and decorated margins, does not necessarily strike the viewer as particularly subjective or ideological. The same can be said of Speed's printed maps of Asia and China. ...
... Nessa viagem, li muitos livros e artigos e senti afinidade com os escritos de vários autores. Portanto, o momentochave para mim foi um encontro de cinco minutos com o geógrafo cultural inglês Denis Cosgrove, cujos livros sobre paisagens, sobre humanismo, sobre mapeamentos e sobre iconografia me encantavam bastante (COSGROVE, 1984;DANIELS, 1988). Tive a oportunidade de conversar brevemente com ele no Encontro dos Geógrafos Americanos, em São Francisco, em 2007, poucos meses antes de sua morte. ...
Espaço e representações: acordes de uma mesma canção reflete o olhar e o pensar de pesquisadores que compõem o Núcleo de Estudos em Espaço e Representações (NEER), em sua peculiaridade e em sua diversidade. O livro foi pensado de modo a mostrar as reflexões recentes de cada autor que, no conjunto, dá unidade a esta obra em torno da temática “espaço e representação”. Concebido a muitas mãos, a presente obra nos brinda com trabalhos autorais e atuais de importantes pesquisadores da atualidade, revelando a qualidade e a profundidade das abordagens sociais e culturais da Geografia contemporânea.
... The force of art as a social practice (Denis and Daniels 1988;Hawkins et al. 2015) lays on its potential to engender new worlds and alternative futures in the face of socio-ecological crisis (Hawkins et al. 2015). Nevertheless, artistic and cultural practices by local communities receive relatively little attention in environmental research. ...
Unlabelled:
This paper aims to unpack the relational dimension of place and placemaking by analysing how creative actions underpin relational values towards socio-spatial restoration in the sacrifice zone affecting the communities of Quintero and Puchuncaví (QPSZ) in Chile. Sacrifice zones are places permanently subject to environmental damage and lack of environmental regulation. For affected populations in environmentally degraded areas, creative actions such as murals, music, and street performances have become a way to re-establish connections both among humans, and between humans and the environment. To date, little has been theorized on this connection. With this in mind, we use network analysis to analyze which and how relational values are mobilized by artistic actions, and to examine ensuing socio-spatial transformations. Drawing insights from 35 interviews with activists, artists, and residents in QPSZ, we observed relational effects of arts, especially in creation processes, and in representations of local elements and life histories. The materiality of artistic practices raised as a force of placemaking, and so did artistic spaces as promoters of networking and social cohesion, essential for socio-spatial restoration. By bringing together insights from aesthetic politics, human geography, and relational values, this paper contributes to the emerging literature on art committed to tackling socio-environmental crises, and to political-ecological theories on the transformation of degraded areas.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01252-6.
Bu yazıda, anlaşılması ve tanımlaması zor bir kavram olan peyzajın hangi farklı anlamlara karşılık gelebileceği üzerine bir tartışma yürütülmek istenmiştir. Avrupa Konseyi'nin 2000 yılında hazırladığı “Avrupa Peyzaj Sözleşmesi” sonrasında bilimsel çalışmalara daha fazla konu edilmesine rağmen, peyzajın kavram olarak ne anlama geldiği konusunda yoğun tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Avrupa Konseyi, ICOMOS ve UNESCO gibi uluslararası kuruluşların hazırladığı tüzük, sözleşme veya bildirilere bakıldığında da, peyzaj kavramına ilişkin kafa karışıklığının devam ettiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu makalenin amacı, hem peyzaj teorisyenleri hem de uluslararası kurumlar aracılığıyla peyzaj kavramının bugüne kadar hangi farklı bağlamlarda tartışıldığını açıklığa kavuşturmak ve peyzaja dair bir anlayış geliştirmektir.
This article takes the relation between religious buildings and cities as its starting point. Unlike the majority perspective in Latin America, our focus in this article is not on the construction of temples but on the disputes arising from the demolition of religious buildings. We argue that demolition implies the decomposition of religious materialities and their circulation in other spaces: museums, public buildings, and other churches. This article focuses on two cases to explore the tensions between a modern city project and Brazil’s colonial past heritage. The articulating element of these two axes is the perspective that we face (yet another) tension between religion and modernity, which, in this case, is spatially inscribed.
Разделение суши и воды на поверхности Земли является одним из наиболее фундаментальных и долговечных актов в понимании и проектировании человеческого обитания. Линия, при помощи которой это разделение изображается на картах, существует в воображении и используется на местности в виде правил и конструкций, не только пережила столетия, чтобы быть принятой без вопросов, но также стала естественной для береговой линии, побережий и водоразделов. Эти места подвергнуты художественным изображениям, научному исследованию, инженерному строительству и трансформациям ландшафта — с весьма скромным вниманием к самому акту разделения, приведшему их к существованию. Однако сегодня, с увеличивающейся частотой наводнений и повышением уровня моря, приписываемых изменению климата, эта линия, разделяющая сушу и воду, снова оказалась в центре внимания. А вместе с ней — строительство стен, дамб и естественных защитных сооружений, установка водяных насосов, разработка программ вывода земли из использования. Эти рассуждения поднимают вопросы о том, где прочерчена линия, но также — вопросы о самом разделении, которое эту линию обеспечивает. Это разделение может быть найдено в самой природе или природа следует за его утверждением? Представляя реку как результат человеческого намерения, а не природы, автор создает пространство для миров без нее. В частности, он отводит место дождю, для которого присутствие реки сделало столь многое, чтобы обесценить его и отодвинуть на задний план. Однако именно в мире дождя началось проектирование реки с изобретением линии разделения.
In recent years, Echo Park Lake in central Los Angeles, CA, underlies a multi-faceted urban landscape conflict about diverging spatial needs, demands and ideas. The conflicts between the various park users, residents and government instances culminated almost two years ago with the municipal-led and publicly protested eviction of a community of almost 200 unhoused individuals that were seeking shelter on the Western edge of the lake. In addition to the dispersal of the community, the eviction has led to the installation of fences, surveillance technology and the nightly closure of the park, which has caused ongoing criticism. Simultaneously, the neighborhood of Echo Park is changing demographically—particularly since the 1990s—and residents are voicing concerns about neighborhood change and gentrification. In the present paper, it is of interest what and if aspects of these spatial conflicts are found in TikTok videos on the urban green space of Echo Park Lake and what landscape notions the videos are built on. Arguing for the increasing role of social media platforms in the social construction of reality, the focus is directed on the portrayed elements and objects, the used camera angles and views axes, the narratives and discussed subjects in the first 100 videos for the search term “Echo Park Lake.”
In late nineteenth century and in the first two decades of the twentieth century, Portugal witnessed a modest industrial growth. This industrialisation process was recorded by thousands of photographs, many of which were published in the illustrated press. In this article, I analyse how Portuguese industry was represented by photography and how that representation was disseminated nationwide through the publication of photographs in the two most important illustrated magazines of that period: O Occidente and Illustração Portugueza. I rely on a methodology combining semiotics with discourse analysis in journalism. I show that both magazines built an industrial landscape of modernity and progress, which did not coincide with the real condition of Portuguese industry. I add to the discussion advocating photography as an historical source, arguing that it is much more than a mere illustrative support, but a reliable primary source, with a high potential for history in general, and for the fields of business and industrial history in particular, in the sense that photography can provide fresh narratives around technological change.
The process of street-naming in Cyprus is intricately linked to the formation of national consciousness and the nation-building efforts that unfolded over time. Street-names became tangible markers of political change in the public sphere, embodying a process of negotiation and renegotiation reflective of the evolving socio-political landscape. However, the contestation over street-names in Cyprus sparked political debates and deep-seated resentment, eventually escalating into violent clashes between Greek- and Turkish-Cypriots. The streets of Cyprus became a battleground for asserting dominance, serving as a manifestation of the political and nationalist narrative, and reflecting the territorial claims and aspirations of the two communities. A comprehensive examination of the street-naming process in Nicosia reveals a parallelism with the political events that have shaped Cyprus’ history. The stages of development of Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot identities are discernible through the process of naming the city’s streets. This chapter delves into the complex dynamics surrounding street-naming in Cyprus, elucidating the multifaceted relationship between naming practices, politics, and national identities. It examines how the contestation over street-names contributed to the polarization of the communities and the entrenchment of conflicting narratives.
Il est difficile de dissocier une représentation de la réalité, d’autant plus que cette représentation est historiquement un instrument de pouvoir, de manière directe ou indirecte. Il faut préciser que la carte n’est pas le territoire, ni la réalité. Le territoire n’est pas neutre, il n’est pas non plus vide, il est avant tout la relation entre les sujets qui l’habitent et le pensent. Lorsque le territoire est pensé au moyen de la cartographie et à partir de l’évolution de ses techniques, une certaine organisation de l’espace s’impose et, avec elle, des stratégies de domination (Brunet, 1980). La cartographie, en tant qu’instrument de connaissance et de pouvoir, est capable de créer un imaginaire sur un certain territoire. C’est précisément sur ce pouvoir des cartes sur le territoire que se fonde le présent article. À partir de l’analyse des représentations territoriales de plateformes telles que Google Maps, la carte en tant qu’instrument de pouvoir est mise en question : pourquoi certains territoires ne sont-ils pas représentés et d’autres sont-ils « sur-représentés » ? De la non-représentation dans ces plateformes de territoires dits en litige, on conclut que, bien qu’elle ne soit pas le territoire, la carte a une grande influence sur celui-ci, ou du moins sur son imaginaire1.
This article is situated within the context of exploring transnationality, circulation, and mobility as methodological devices/operational concepts in analyzing artistic artifacts, artists, and knowledge in motion. It delves into the interaction between art history and the global configuration of the contemporary age, reflecting on the application of methodological proposals from the global turn in the social sciences to the analysis of artistic mobility during the early modern period. Within this broader exploration, the article delves into the multifaceted nature of the genesis of reflections that have led to the emergence of global art history as a constellated phenomenon. It argues that the questioning of paradigms and the introduction of new terminology into the discipline cannot be solely attributed to art history itself. Instead, it emphasizes the need to examine the close association between this approach and broader movements of thought and historiography. At its core, the article highlights the crucial need for reevaluating language, lexicon, and research practices within historiographical movements. It advocates for the deconstruction of existing narratives and the creation of counter-narratives through a reconsideration of the terminology employed. This process fosters imaginative exploration bringing artistic analysis closer to current debates and ongoing reformulations of research practices.
This paper aims to reconstruct the Albanian rural landscape through qualitative, diachronic, and multisource interpretations from the mid-19th century until 2022. For the first time, the data suitable for studying and describing landscape changes have been outlined to understand them over time, combining literature, historical maps, paintings, photo collections, movies, land art, and statistical dataset interpretations. By describing the changes in the Albanian landscape and interpretation of agricultural statistics, the research has confirmed the land-use dynamicity of its rural landscape. These considerations call for a more contemporary approach to landscape planning, stressing the need for the State Party to sign the Council of Europe Landscape Convention. In addition, strategies and actions should valorise both the ordinary landscape and the community involvement in its proactive management.
Throughout the last decades, engaging with cultural landscapes has been a scientific, social, ethical, political, and economic imperative that calls for novel theoretical approaches, effective strategies and, above all, participatory action. Facing this multifarious challenge, academic disciplines have to redefine their traditional methods and aims, and demonstrate an openness towards new and risky paths of scientific pursuits. The present paper arose from interdisciplinary cooperation between the humanities and social sciences with the main objective to explore the potential of cultural landscapes as resources for social innovation in rural regions, addressing issues such as out-migration of original inhabitants, unemployment, and an overaging population. Based on an overview of landscape semantics and theoretical approaches, the paper first analyzes (cultural) landscape and social innovation as applied concepts. In a second step, both disciplinary angles mingle into a joint approach. Moving from methodologies to challenges, the authors discuss the Social Grid Model, which allows for an integrated analysis of social networks, institutions, and cognitive frames. They also delve into the Structured Democratic Dialogue as a tool for the revitalization of ‘active’ and ‘inactive’ cultural landscapes by reinforcing the role of local communities. Finally, the authors investigate how such novel ideas for the promotion of tangible and intangible heritage in rural habitats can be employed by example of two intervention regions in Greece (Koumasa) and the People’s Republic of China (Honghe Hani Rice Terraces), and as part of an orchestrated collective action.
Using a dialogical form, Eva la Cour and Dina Brode-Roger in their joint chapter on ‘Arctic Imaginaries and their Entangled Relationship with Image-production on Svalbard’ engage with experiences and thoughts concerning artists’ visual productions and artistic practices on Svalbard, and the infrastructures and imaginaries that support and shape them. The chapter draws directly from the authors’ own professional practices and, in the style of a correspondence, connects their different perspectives with recent attempts to circumnavigate how conventional structures of academic writing often disrupt, separate and stage what is actually going on.
This contribution critically reflects the musealization of landscapes as an effective response to the rapid transformations brought about by globalization. Focusing on the case of Sicilian heritage, we examine how the conservation and representation of traditional landscapes in museums serve as a defensive reaction to the perceived threats of homogenization and cultural loss caused by global processes. This article fits into the debate on cultural landscapes and outlines the protection policies implemented by UNESCO while delving into the role of museum collections. In this specific context of preserving the tangible and intangible components of cultural heritage, the landscape is intertwined with the role of local communities in a changing world. We also explore the concept of authenticity in landscapes and its significance in preserving cultural identities. Through qualitative methodology involving critical analysis of literature and document examination, the research illustrates how the musealization of Sicilian landscapes has aimed to safeguard collective memory and cultural heritage. However, this article also highlights potential risks associated with this process, such as the static representation of dynamic cultures and the selective nature of museum curation. Ultimately, this study advocates for transparent and multifaceted interpretations of cultural landscapes to avoid the creation of artificial myths and to preserve the polysemy of the landscape's meaning. By critically examining the context through significant examples, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of musealization in conserving and representing cultural landscapes in the face of globalization's challenges.
Os cerrados brasileiros sofrem cada vez mais e com maior intensidade a territorialização do capital mundializado através do agronegócio, o qual cria narrativas homogeneizantes e superficiais sobre esses espaços, reduzindo-os à produtores de commodities. Em contraposição a esta narrativa, as mulheres cerradeiras elaboram estratégias de lutas para referendar e fortalecer outras narrativas sobre os cerrados. Narrativas ecofeministas pautadas em diversidade, alteridade e horizontalidades das territorialidades dos povos dos cerrados. Sendo assim, este trabalho busca evidenciar as escrevivências femininas acerca dos cerrados baianos, ressaltando o papel fundamental das mulheres enquanto guardiãs dos cerrados.
This paper focuses on current issues in the development of open-air memorial sites. The concept of open-air museums is evolving in the twenty-first century to encompass sustainable protection of war monuments in their historical context. The cultural landscapes require minimal intervention. However, to ensure the viability of the museums and accessibility to visitors, new additions – in terms of architecture and urban design – are inevitable. The challenge is to guarantee the quality and coherence of any additions and to preserve historic landscapes. It is also crucial to ensure public acceptance of revitalization efforts. Open architectural competition might be a reliable means of delivering viable results, as demonstrated by the recent construction of a new military cemetery and restoration of the battlefield in Westerplatte in Gdańsk, Poland.
The following chapter covers the theoretical and conceptual basis of the study. The theoretical foundation is presented in section 2.1: The phenomenological movement in philosophy and sociology in the tradition of Martin Heidegger (2005 [1994]), Edmund Husserl (Husserl 1913, 1970 [1954], 1973 [1929]), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1962), and Alfred Schütz (1970; Schütz and Luckmann 1973), followed by the social constructivist perspective in the tradition of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s (1966) sociology of knowledge. Subsequently, in section 2.2, landscape research is presented as one of the two fields in which the present analysis is embedded.
After the outline of the historical milestones and guiding developments of the City of San Diego, the empirical results of the present study will be presented in the course of the following chapter. Within the aim of illuminating subjective everyday experiences and interpretations of neighborhood change, the chapter follows the spatial pattern of the elaborated ‘redevelopment moving gradually through the various districts of central San Diego. This trend has commenced in downtown and Little Italy and gained momentum in Uptown San Diego, spread into North Park and from there eastward into the Mid-City community as well as southward into the Greater Golden Hill area, and penetrated from the former downtown warehouse district of East Village into adjacent neighborhoods, such as Barrio Logan and Southeastern San Diego, and now even further south and east into the next ring. Generally, the individual subsections follow the structure of planning policy boundaries around Balboa Park, which form different community planning areas and associated neighborhoods.
Raum ist ein zentrales Erfahrungs- und Erkenntnisobjekt der Wirtschaftsgeographie.
Trotz oder vielleicht gerade wegen seiner zentralen Stellung wird dem ‚Raum‘ oftmals ‚nicht genügend Raum‘ gegeben. WirtschaftsgeographInnen interpretieren den Raum – je nach Forschungsgegenstand, -zweck und -ziel – unterschiedlich. Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit gängigen Raumverständnissen in der Fachdisziplin auseinander. Hierbei werden insbesondere vier Raumkonzeptionen näher beleuchtet: absolute, relative, relationale und topische Räume. Während absoluter Raum abstrakte Figuren (Punkte, Linien, Flächen) und relativer Raum objektive Strukturmerkmale (Standorte, Verbindungen, Regionen) von Räumen (= Raumdeterminismus) unter einer nicht vorhandenen oder passiven Mitwirkung von Subjekten abbilden, betont der relationale Raum (Orte, Routen, Beziehungen) die Konstruktion von Räumen (= Raumvoluntarismus) durch handelnde ökonomische Subjekte. Der topische Raum (Landmarken, Pfade, Kieze, Milieus) ist eine Mischform, die beide Perspektiven sowohl auf Räume als auch auf ökonomische Subjekte als aktiv Handelnde zulässt. Räume und Subjekte bedingen und durchdringen sich dabei gegenseitig (= Raumdeterminismus
und Raumvoluntarismus).
Zentrale Begriffe ganzheitlich skizziert und diskutiert: Das Konzept der Schlüsselbegriffe jetzt erstmalig auch für den Bereich Wirtschaftsgeographie! Zwölf zentrale Begriffe werden aus möglichst vielerlei Zugängen bzw. Perspektiven - und damit unabhängig von eigenen Positionen, Forschungsschwerpunkten oder Denkschulen - in ihrer Entwicklung und Bedeutung für die Wirtschaftsgeographie dargestellt und beleuchtet. Das Ziel der Autoren besteht darin, ein ganzheitliches Bild des betreffenden Begriffs zu skizzieren, um den Studierenden möglichst breite Interpretationsmöglichkeiten und Anwendungsfelder aufzuzeigen. Jedes Begriffskapitel soll eine zusammenfassende Darstellung des Inhalts in Form einer Abbildung oder einer Tabelle enthalten. Jedes Kapitel schließt ab mit „Main Take-aways" sowie Literaturhinweisen, die die Leser zu einer weiterführen Auseinandersetzung anregen sollen. So macht der Einstieg in die Wirtschaftsgeographie Spaß - zahlreiche Boxen, Zusammenfassungen, Merksätze u. v. m. sorgen für Klarheit und Übersichtlichkeit und garantieren das Verständnis komplexer Inhalte und den effektiven Lernfortschritt.
This article is focused on the use of photography to characterize land-cover and land-use changes in a 7.59 km2 study area centered on Hotel do Garbe, in the village of Armação de Pêra, Algarve, Portugal. Orthorectified vertical aerial, oblique aerial and ground-level photographs were the main data sources required to carry out the analysis. In a preliminary approach, a conventional research design was adopted. Based on the available orthorectified vertical aerial photographs, a sixty-year time series, with four homogeneously distributed steps (1958, 1978, 1997 and 2018), was constructed, and maps were produced to support the description of the changes that have taken place. To deepen the analysis, photographs from fourteen picture postcards were recognized as a useful source of information, and the authors of these photographs were considered “involuntary or accidental photo-geographers” whose work was relevant to feed a case study in which human geography and landscape biography sciences are the main narrative axes. The final result proved to be richer than the interpretation only based on the orthorectified vertical aerial photographs, and the importance of combining photographs taken from different points of view, with different aims and for different recipients is highlighted.
This article focuses on the planned community of Auroville in Tamil Nadu, India, founded in 1968. Building on critical readings of the settlement that have drawn attention to the power imbalance in its relationships with surrounding villages, the article delineates the ways that a geographical imagination of cityness has been a key component of the settlement's development and the forms of neo‐coloniality in which it has been implicated. Drawing on archival and published sources as well as ethnographic research, the article discusses three ways in which the settlement performs a sense of its own ‘cityness‐to‐come’: first, the architectural discourse and planning rationality central to Auroville's identity; second, its agonistic public sphere vis‐à‐vis architecture and planning, and third, its ethos of learning and evolution, and the settlement's developmental teleology. In so doing, the article shows how ‘the city’ conceived as a textual and spatial promise, as well as a utopian aspiration, works ideologically to constitute the settlement itself, but also to precipitate social effects and uneven power relationships with village communities in this region. To sum up, this article develops an argument about the neo‐colonial social work done by ‘the city’ conceived as text.
Christian missions are historically captured in the construction of mission stations that facilitated religious instruction to advance the gospel with unintended consequences, such as an extension of missionary-colonial ideologies and attitudes. This article discusses how these were captured in mission station naming, inclusive of erroneous or misspelt names. This makes it necessary for the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe’s (COCZ) rural membership, commonly around mission stations, to rename these centres. The distortion of history on mission stations like Dadaya calls for the renaming of the station so as to recover lost values and culture, and the significance of the ecology to Africans. Our discovery of Dadaya macrops, an Asiatic marine species of water flea found in freshwater in this study, denies the assumption that Dadaya was a misspelling of Dayataya. This makes us assume that Dadaya was an idolatrous symbol for missionaries that rhymed with local isotopes to mentally drawn local communities. Norming the mission station, missionaries named Dadaya to transmit images, symbols and meanings known to New Zealand supporting churches. Dayataya Hills has been used as a scapegoat to validate their Dadaya macrops symbol. This study probes into the need to correct and guide people in renaming the mission station. Renaming transforms Dadaya into an African mission station. The article used critical discourse analysis (CDA) from purposive snowball interview results and a hermeneutic of suspicion to probe into naming the mission station.
Contribution: The article is interdisciplinary involving missionary history, humanity, socialisation, missiology, literature and education. it contributes to knowledge through decentering on African discourses, contextualisation, christianisation and decolonised church of christ positioned for healing and transformation where church names are not used for perpetuate Westernisation in African context.
Based on archival research, non-participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews, this paper examined waterway landscape changes mainly caused by tourism development in Hongcun, a traditional village in the Huizhou region, China, and how the locals have responded to water pollution in order to achieve landscape sustainability. It is found that the physical structure of the waterways of Hongcun Village has been well preserved, but the water pollution caused by tourism, with a combination of changes of land use and demographic structure, has changed the functions and cultural meanings of waterways. Although there remains quite a daunting task towards sustainability in terms of technology, heritage protection, and desire for development, we claim the waterways environmental governance in which local governments play a crucial role in resilience strategies by controlling the sewage from homestays, restaurants, and pigment sewage from sketches. However, the ways in which landscape animates, including the daily lives, processual daily practices, and mundane activities of different social actors related to waterways, deserve further implementation to build the resilience of cultural landscape from the perspective of non-representational theory. This paper adds to a new narrative to the waterway landscape research by presenting a water utilization pattern that could profitably coexist with a specific environment in the Huizhou region in the agricultural society of ancient China and discussing how the non-representational theory contributes to analyzing and managing waterway landscapes in modern times. It also sheds light on the connection between cultural landscape and resilience.
La protection de l'environnement est une problématique qui divise et mobilise plusieurs acteurs parmi lesquels les techniciens de l'environnement, les élus et les habitants. Sur la base des discours et des actions de ces acteurs, cette étude entend analyser la politique de la gestion de la nature au Gabon via le parc national de Moukalaba-Doudou. Comme telle, à travers les pratiques culturelles, la thèse se propose de réexaminer le rapport des populations locales à la nature dans un contexte écologique contemporain. Ce contexte est dominé par la confrontation des conceptions endogènes et exogènes de la nature. Nous interrogeons donc, via la « gestion procurale », la responsabilité de l’État quant à la gestion de la nature et les parcs nationaux au Gabon. D'autre part, nous examinons les avantages et les inconvénients du discours « piendupialiste » des différents acteurs (l'Etat, ANPN, techniciens de l'environnement, élus et habitants) sur la protection de la nature au Gabon. Le but de cette thèse est de montrer que l'entrée du Gabon dans la « modernité » sous le contexte colonial est à l'origine de la dégradation de la biodiversité dans le parc de Moukalaba-Doudou. Cette dégradation est liée à l'évolution des pratiques culturelles des populations basées sur l'usage de la nature à travers, l'introduction de nouvelles technologies (fusil de chasse, munitions, filet de pêche, congélateur, tronçonneuse) et l'adoption des nouvelles religions (christianisme et l'islam). L'autre perspective de ce travail est de montrer que la « gestion procurale » (les investissements financiers et matériels des bailleurs de fonds et ONG internationales sont plus élevés que ceux de l’État) ne favorise pas vraiment une protection durable de la biodiversité et n'assure pas un développement socioéconomique et culturel cohérent pour les populations locales. Enfin, la thèse présente la divergence des représentations et des intérêts des populations et des techniciens de l'environnement quant à la nature et à ses usages. Le déficit de compréhension des enjeux écologiques contemporains est au fondement des conflits (conflits Homme-Faune, braconnage, pêche illégale, etc.) et rendent difficile la gestion du parc national de Moukalaba-Doudou. Il importe donc de mutualiser les intérêts des différents acteurs pour amoindrir considérablement l'impact de l'action des populations sur la nature. Il importe aussi, de réduire l'influence notable des ONG internationales et des bailleurs de fonds sur la gestion des parcs nationaux au Gabon. Il semble important de favoriser l'intégration des connaissances endogènes et la prise en compte réelle des intérêts des populations locales pour une sauvegarde réussie de la biodiversité.
This paper is a discussion of the theoretical conceptualization of past landscapes and the limitations of archaeology in providing objectivistic interpretations. Analyzing a case study of the Dewil Valley landscape I will argue that the sciences about the past emerged based on the “Western” research paradigm. Therefore, local ontologies are often overlooked in archaeological narratives. In this article, I will present the ontologies of the indigenous Tagbanua people, contemporary beliefs related to the landscape, and theoretical approaches presented by researchers. I will argue that ontology can be complex and ambivalent, and that archaeological sources do not always indicate these dynamics.
The article presents an excerpt of some empirical research undertaken by an anthropologist on local ways of experiencing the operation of the Turów mining and energy complex in the Bogatynia commune in Lower Silesia within the context of an just energy transition. The aim of the reflections contained in this research sample is to present Wigancice Żytawskie – a town once located in the Bogatynia commune in the Zgorzelec poviat as a ghost village that functions in the minds of its former inhabitants and the generations that have followed as a lost and demolished yet remembered place. Wigancice was demolished by the end of the 2oth century due to the expansion of the lignite open pit in the Turów mine and the creation of an external dump, which was considered a threat to the village and its inhabitants. The text draws from Michael Herzfeld’s understanding of the term ‘spatial cleansing’, which in the case of Wigancice was closely related to the activity of the Turów mining and energy complex. Adopting energy anthropology as a theoretical framework, the anthropologist shows the course and effects of this process in terms of human/non-human assemblage, at the same time asking questions about the special characteristics of human life in areas rich in energy resources and ways of experiencing a landscape changing under the influence of industrialization processes. The author also attempts to recover the stories of the inhabitants of the ghost village, whose fates intertwined with the functioning of the Turów mine and were marked by the experience of loss, dispossession and relocation in the process of industrial transformations in the region.
O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir acerca do conceito de paisagem sob as perspectivas morfológica e de seu significado. Dessa forma é importante que se busque, inicialmente, entender o conceito sob as formas que se nos apresentam para, em seguida, analisá-lo do ponto de vista dos diversos significados que possam ser atribuídos a essa categoria. A paisagem apresenta várias dimensões privilegiadas por várias matrizes epistemológicas. Sendo assim, ela tem uma dimensão morfológica e uma dimensão funcional, uma dimensão espacial e uma dimensão histórica (CORRÊA E ROSENDAHL, 1998). De acordo com estes autores a dimensão morfológica é definida como um conjunto de formas criadas pela natureza, bem como pela ação humana, sendo que, ao apresentar relações entre as diversas partes, define-se a sua dimensão funcional. Essa ação humana, ao longo do tempo, definirá a dimensão histórica, enquanto que o fato desta ocorrer em certa área da superfície da terra atribui-lhe a dimensão espacial. Enfim, o fato de ser portadora de significados, expressando valores, crenças, mitos e utopias, confere à paisagem a sua dimensão simbólica.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.