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A Time Capsule: Regional Policy Regeneration in Turkey
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to perform a comprehensive analysis of regional policy evaluation in Turkey, while providing insights on transformations in global trends, domestic targets, development policy structures and implementation. The change in global administrative tradition introduces a new range of policy-making and approaches to implementation. Its emphasis on the participation of all relevant stakeholders constitutes a fundamental principle of administration in a network of multi-level
governance. Regional development is currently considered as a bottom-up process with the participation of regional and local stakeholders/actors, instead of a single-handed operation by central agencies; consequently, the current trend entails policy-makers redefining concepts, strategies, intervention methods, and institutions, and recognising new dynamics and actors in regional and local development.
The paper firstly considers the Turkish administrative structure and the meaning of ‘region’. This is followed by an examination of regional disparities from an administrative perspective and the transformation of regional development policies in accordance with the legal framework. In the subsequent part, the study scrutinises the institutional capacity to implement effective regional policy, and finally it analyses reform packages that prescribe newly established institutions such as (regional) development agencies in order to fulfill the requirements of the EU acquis communautaire.
... Unfortunately, much less is known of countries such as Turkey, which is considered to be one of the fastest growing economies in Europe, and internationally. There is wealth of literature focusing on urban expansion dynamics in Turkey, but this literature is either focusing on various cities or regions at the local level, including Adana, Samsun, Kemer and Istanbul [44][45][46][47], or examining the urban expansion process from the perspective of legislative and policy frameworks [48,49]. ...
... Accordingly, new legislative and institutional arrangements have been introduced to comply with EU regional policies. The NUTS classification was introduced in Turkey in 2002, which is followed by the establishment of development agencies aiming at 'promoting regional development, ensuring sustainability, and reducing regional development disparities' [49]. Following these new arrangements, Turkey's land-use planning system is said to be based on four levels consisting of the country, 26 (NUTS2) regions, 81 (NUTS3) provinces, and 1,397 municipalities [49,51]. ...
... The NUTS classification was introduced in Turkey in 2002, which is followed by the establishment of development agencies aiming at 'promoting regional development, ensuring sustainability, and reducing regional development disparities' [49]. Following these new arrangements, Turkey's land-use planning system is said to be based on four levels consisting of the country, 26 (NUTS2) regions, 81 (NUTS3) provinces, and 1,397 municipalities [49,51]. The central government is responsible for the legislation framework, which defines spatial planning systems at the national level, and the government is also responsible for providing financial sources for major infrastructure investments. ...
Population growth, economic development and rural-urban migration have caused rapid expansion of urban areas and metropolitan regions in Turkey. The structure of urban administration and planning has faced different socioeconomic and political challenges, which have hindered the structured and planned development of cities and regions, resulting in an irregular and uneven development of these regions. We conducted detailed comparative analysis on spatio-temporal changes of the identified seven land-use/cover classes across different regions in Turkey with the use of Corine Land Cover (CLC) data of circa 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Here we compared spatio-temporal changes of urban and non-urban land uses, which differ across regions and across different hierarchical levels of urban areas. Our findings have shown that peri-urban areas are growing more than rural areas, and even growing more than urban areas in some regions. A deeper look at regions located in different geographical zones pointed to substantial development disparities across western and eastern regions of Turkey. We also employed multiple regression models to explain any possible drivers of land-use change, regarding both urban and non-urban land uses. The results reveal that the three influencing factors-socioeconomic characteristics, regional characteristics and location, and development constraints, facilitate land-use change. However, their impacts differ in different geographical locations, as well as with different hierarchical levels.
... Second, in this study our sample companies are from a relatively developed region, the Aegean region, which has advanced industries, developed infrastructure, well-functioning port, skilled workforce and vibrant social life, which may help firms to innovate. However, Turkey is characterized by a very high level of regional disparities yielding a west-east duality (Turan and Ersoy, 2018). In this regard, further research may consider the substantial regional disparities that are common in most emerging countries for having a more in-depth analysis. ...
Purpose
Context characteristics of emerging economies differ significantly from those in developed economies. Considering this substantial difference, this study aims to identify the drivers and barriers for new product development (NPD) success in the context of an emerging economy by drawing on the resource-based view.
Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from firms in different sectors in the Aegean Region of Turkey using the Wageningen Innovation Assessment Tool. Of 189 responses, 94 fit the criteria and used for statistical analysis. The data is analyzed using a two-step procedure, namely, a confirmatory factor analysis followed by a binary logistic regression that is used to model the probability in the study of the success of NPD.
Findings
The results reveal that along with the context characteristics of an emerging economy setting, internal capabilities matter for NPD success. Based on interviews with NPD managers, it was found that, among other factors, the close relationship with local customers is key for new product success, while introducing high innovative products to the market of an emerging economy may not be appropriate due to the specific conditions of such economies.
Practical implications
This study will be useful to the managers to understand the extent to which the degree of newness of a product affects NPD success in an emerging economy setting. It also highlights the importance of securing firm resources before starting an innovation activity in this setting where resources such as financial resources, knowledge and physical resources are limited. From a policy perspective, this study provides certain insights as well. That is, government officials in emerging economies should be very careful about their informal actions that might disrupt the investment and innovation environment.
Originality/value
Emerging economies are important for large firms seeking growth. They initiate manufacturing activities and increasingly perform innovation activities in those countries. However, the conditions to innovate are different from those in developed economies. Research into the factors that drive innovation is largely in an embryonic state. This study offers NPD researchers a deeper understanding of the drivers and barriers to innovation, particularly internal ones that may affect the NPD success in an emerging economy setting, in this case, that of Turkey. The results provide suggestions for policymakers to consider during the development of new innovation policies. For practitioners, this study outlines novel combinations of internal factors that lead to NPD success.
... Second, in this study our sample companies are from a relatively developed region, the Aegean region, which has advanced industries, developed infrastructure, well-functioning port, skilled workforce and vibrant social life, which may help firms to innovate. However, Turkey is characterized by a very high level of regional disparities yielding a west-east duality (Turan and Ersoy, 2018). In this regard, further research may consider the substantial regional disparities that are common in most emerging countries for having a more in-depth analysis. ...
Purpose
Context characteristics of emerging economies differ significantly from those in developed economies. Considering this substantial difference, this study aims to identify the drivers and barriers for new product development (NPD) success in the context of an emerging economy by drawing on the resource-based view.
Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from firms in different sectors in the Aegean Region of Turkey using the Wageningen Innovation Assessment Tool. Of 189 responses, 94 fit the criteria and used for statistical analysis. The data is analyzed using a two-step procedure, namely, a confirmatory factor analysis followed by a binary logistic regression that is used to model the probability in the study of the success of NPD.
Findings
The results reveal that along with the context characteristics of an emerging economy setting, internal capabilities matter for NPD success. Based on interviews with NPD managers, it was found that, among other factors, the close relationship with local customers is key for new product success, while introducing high innovative products to the market of an emerging economy may not be appropriate due to the specific conditions of such economies.
Practical implications
This study will be useful to the managers to understand the extent to which the degree of newness of a product affects NPD success in an emerging economy setting. It also highlights the importance of securing firm resources before starting an innovation activity in this setting where resources such as financial resources, knowledge and physical resources are limited. From a policy perspective, this study provides certain insights as well. That is, government officials in emerging economies should be very careful about their informal actions that might disrupt the investment and innovation environment.
Originality/value
Emerging economies are important for large firms seeking growth. They initiate manufacturing activities and increasingly perform innovation activities in those countries. However, the conditions to innovate are different from those in developed economies. Research into the factors that drive innovation is largely in an embryonic state. This study offers NPD researchers a deeper understanding of the drivers and barriers to innovation, particularly internal ones that may affect the NPD success in an emerging economy setting, in this case, that of Turkey. The results provide suggestions for policymakers to consider during the development of new innovation policies. For practitioners, this study outlines novel combinations of internal factors that lead to NPD success.
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