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Abstract

In The existence of chicken fur is a waste of chicken slaughterhouse Which is produced daily and still not widely used. Likewise cartons everywhere we can see its being because its function is so great in all human activities In the fulfillment of the need for storage and packaging of goods for human purposes such as electronic goods, commodity, Because it has a relatively large thickness of paper. Several studies have proven that Quill and cardboard can be used for acoustic materials. This study aims to identify the potential of chicken fur and cardboard to be created as panel materials Which acts as an acoustic panel. . This study uses an experimental method by combining two materials, Including waste Quill and carton waste by performing several stages in the formation of panels, Such as the selection of chicken fur material and cardboard cleaning process, drying process, enumeration process, panel modeling process. The result of this research is acoustic panel model with size 20x20cm2 with thickness 9 and 18 mm, The study also produced a Ø9,8 cm diameter-shaped panel model with 1.5cm, 2.5cm, and 5cm thickness for use in testing absorption coefficients using impedance tubes.
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Utilization of waste of chicken feathers and waste of cardboard as the
material of acoustic panel maker
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Utilization of waste of chicken feathers and waste of
cardboard as
the material of acoustic panel maker
Ansarullah1 , Ramli Rahi
m
2, Asniawaty Kusno2 , Baharuddin2 and Nurul
Jamala2
1
G
raduate Student, Architecture Program, Faculty of Eng
i
neering,
Universitas Hasanuddin
2Building Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Architecture, Faculty
of
Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin
Email: ansarullah.aa1234@
g
mail.com
Abstract. In The existence of chicken
fur is a waste of chicken slaughterhouse Which
is produ
c
ed daily and still not widely used. Likewise carton
s
everywhere we can see
its being because its function is so great in all human activities In the fulfillment
of the need
for storage and packaging of goods for human purposes such as
electronic goods, commodity, Because it has a relatively large thickness of paper.
Several studies have proven that Quill and cardboard can be used for acoustic
materials. This study aims to identify the potential of chicken fur and cardboard
to be created as panel materials Which acts as an acoustic panel. . This study uses
an experimental method by combining two materials, Including waste
Quill and
carton waste by performing several stages in the formation of panels, Such as the
selection of chicken fur material and cardboard cleaning process, drying
pro
cess,
enumeration process, panel modeling process. The
result of this research is acoustic
panel model with
size 20x20cm2 with thickness 9 and 18 mm, The stu
d
y also
produced a Ø9,8 cm diameter-shaped panel mod
el
with 1.5cm, 2.5cm, and 5cm
thickness for use in testing absorption coefficients using impedance t
u
bes.
1. Introduction
Chicken Fur Wastes from Chickens that we often consume each day contain keratin and proteins
that we usually encounter on the hair, nails, horns and wool, making it strong, tough and
lightweight. The waste of chicken fur is very easy to find as the consumption of chicken meat
continues to increase. Which can be seen from the many sales of chicken meat, ranging from
modern markets, traditional markets, markets kagetan located on the roadside, until the peddler.
Increased demand for broiler meat due to chicken meat prices can be reached by consumers with
the middle economic level to the upper economic level. Thus the demand for chicken meat tends to
increase
(
10).
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (2018) 012036 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012036
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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1
The problem that arises in chicken slaugh
t
ering is the waste of chicken fur, which is part of the
remaining processing of chicken meat. The resul
t
s of this poultry slaughter resulted in average
f
ea
therweight of 4 - 9% of the weight of life (2). Quill contain about 91% protein (keratin), 1% lipid,
and 8% water. Disposal technologies and methods are needed to reduce threats to the environment
(12).
Potential Chi
c
ken Feather basically has begun to be utilized among
t
hem is a pillow filler, making
duster and accessories
materials. In addition, chicken fur are also a waste that attracts many
researchers in the development of
s
cience and technology.
Along with the advancing technologica
l
progress and the development of chicken slaughtering
industry will bring positive impact and negative impact for both environment and human. The rapid
growth of the industry also means more waste is released
and
causes complex problems for the
environment (7).
I
n general, cardboard used to wrap goods and human needs such as electronic goods, merchandise
because it has a relatively large thickness of paper, cardboard
will be a material that has a pretty good
absorption pow
e
r. In addition, cardboard also has the advantage of hig
h
shelf power so it is very
unfortunate if less used, because cardboard is very easy to get in various places as waste or residual
use (garbage).
In big cities or in rural areas, many boxes are wasted be
c
ause they are not used anymore, so it becomes
a waste of wa
s
te that is very detrimental to the cleanliness of the envir
o
nment. If cardboard is
processed into an acousti
c pan
el it will be more useful than wasted waste so it becomes waste and can
reduce waste.
The quality is a g
ood
acoustic environment is one of the fundamental needs i
n
a building,
especially the room a place of human activity. Acoustic quality in the room affects the com
f
ort,
productivity, and health of residents or users. In fact, the quality achievement is often neglected due to
high confectionary costs, especially in
b
uilding non-commercial public facilities including c
l
assroom
facilities.
This experiment is part of a
s
eries of research on the Utilization of Chicken Fur Waste material as
Acoustic Panel Material. In previous research it has been disclosed that the wasted chicken feather that
has been cleaned and finely chopped by mixing with the
melted paste glue can be formed into acoustic
panel, which r
e
sults enough Dense, lightweight and textured so that it can be used as an acoustic panel
for entry in th
e n
ature and character of the acoustics itself.
In Indonesi
a
the problem of building acoustics has not yet devel
o
ped, even the ways of
development today are generally worse with sound insulation than the ancient houses that used
t
o wear
the walls and construction of heavier and bigger
do
ors and windows (9).
The noise control technique has an important role in creating a comfortable acoustic environment.
This can be achieved w
hen
the sound intensity is lowered to levels that do not interfere with human
hearing. Achieving this comfortable acoustic environment can be obtained by usi
ng
a variety of
techniques. One such technique is t
o
absorb sound (3).
Wall paneling panels for the pur
p
ose of muffling noise and improving sound quality in private
studio rooms are increasingly needed. However, the availability of such a panel is ver
y
low, due to the
high selling price so it is not
reachable by most people. Raw panel panels made from low-priced raw
materials are expected to reduce the selling price of acoustic panel items. In the ear
l
y stages has been
investigated the possibility of using waste as panel raw materials. The waste selected is chicken feathers,
considering that this material has characteristics as the ingredients for acoustic purposes, such as high
elasticity and contain air cavities. Preliminary research shows that chick
en
feathers are very potential to
be used as raw ma
t
erial panel (Haisa, 2015). However, further research on the capability of the panel
referred to as acoustic panel material is necessary. Testing
i
s done by pasting the chicken feathers with
water and glue mi
x
ture as the material of the acoustic panel.
Adhesive
(
adhesive) is a substance that can unite two or more objects through a surface bond. The
adhesive is divided into two, namely thermosetting adhesive and thermoplastic adhesive. Houwink and
Solomon (1965) argued that adhesion is
an
event of attraction between the molecules of two bonded
Friendly City 4 ‘From Research to Implementation For Better Sustainability’ IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (2018) 012036 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012036
2
surfaces. The attachment of two sealed objec
t
s occurs by the pulling force between the adhesive and
the adhesion material and the pulling force (cohesi
o
n) between the adhesive and the adhesive and
between the bonded material.
2. Method
This research concerning the potential of chicken feather waste and cardboard waste as ma
t
erial of
acoustic panel material, this research is
very early research. For starters, research is done with
using experimental methods on the initial process of combining chicken feather waste materials with
cardboard waste in the process of making panels that will be used as wall panel acoustic material.
1. Mater
i
als
a. Waste chicken feathers that have been cleaned
and
chopped.
b. Trash cardboard that has been cleaned and chopped.
c. T
he
adhesive used is glue fox.
d. Water as a glue diluent.
2.
Tools
a. Machine pressing material.
b. Open LIstrik
c. Me
a
suring cup.
d. Plastic container.
e. Digital scales.
f. Mold speci
m
en of steel plate steel size 20cm × 20cm and iron pipe diameter 9.8 cm.
g. Spoon stirrer.
How to make panels by doing some stag
e
s, including:
Collection of waste material for
chicken feathers and cardboard waste from slaughterhouses and shop
houses, markets (traditional and modern marke
t
s).
Selection of waste materials for chicken feathers and cardboard wastes.
Cleaning process of fur and cardboard from
some dirt attached to the
material.
In order no
t
to cause fishy bolts, especially on the waste material of chicken feathers, chicken
feathers that
have been brewed soaked with formalin for one night th
a
t serves to prevent
contamination of microorganis
m
s such as bacteria and viruses, as well as to k
il
l or reduce the number
of microorganisms and germs and other diseases.
In the drying process the feathers dry out evenly every 2-3 hours stirred or rolled, and dried for
several days.
Process of enumerating the two mat
e
rials by editing a small range of 2 to 5 mm to facilitate
a more evenly mixing process.
Process of
incorporating both the feather and cardboard materials in a panel model, with several
steps including:
1. Determine the comparison between chicken feathers and cardboard in three levels, namely: A1:
(50% chicken feather: 50% cardboard), A2: (60% chicken: 40% cardboard), and A3: (70% 30%
Cardboard).
2. Decide Comparison of paste and water glue in three levels, namely: B1: (paste glue 30%: wat
er
150%), B2: (paste glue 40%: water 150%), and
B
3: (paste glue 50%: Water 150%). The glue used is
glue pox Because it is easy to get and the price is affordable.
3. After all materials have been weighed with the above provisions, then the basin is prepared as a
dough in the union of the material elements
k
eemapat above.
4. Prepare the mold pattern that
has been prepared according to the dimension of the impedance
tube circle that is 9.8 mm in diameter to measure the absorption value and 20 x 20 cm, prepared to
measure the taim refrization.
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (2018) 012036 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012036
3
5. After the material has been stirred with the provisions of the above size then put int
o
all the
molds that have been prepared and then pressed with press tool with maximum compressive strength.
6.
Once pressed the material is inserted into the open electricity and the mold so that the material is
already in the press will not widen.
7. The process of heating the material with the open is done at a temperature of 100 degrees with
a
time of 60 minutes, to avoid the burning of the material.
8. After the diopen then the panel material removed from the mold then winded and dried for 2
days t
o p
roduce a solid mold and dry and lightweight.
9. After the dry panel then prepared the next study to mea
su
re the acoustic value of the panel
merging the material of chicken feathers and cardboard.
3. Result
s and
Discussions
The result of this research is a
cou
stic panel model with size 20x20 cm2 with thickness 9 and 18 mm.
The study also produced a Ø9,8 cm diameter-shaped panel model with 1.5cm, 2.5cm, and 5cm
thickness for use in testing the absorption coefficient using impedance type 4206 tube.
Figure 1. Cleaning process
Figure 2. Drying process
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (2018) 012036 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012036
4
Figure 3. Process of Enumerating Feather and Cardbo
a
rd
Figure 4. Weighing and print media
Figure
5.
The process of mixing material and heating material
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (2018) 012036 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012036
5
(a) (b)
Figure 6. Panel 100% Chicken feather (a) and (b) Panel Merging of chicken feather
s
and cardboard
4. Conclusions
In this process, chicken feathers and cardboard bins can be formed into acoustic panels. the way
with chicken feathers and cardboard finely chopped and dipped with glue paste then melted and
compacted on wahdah with size and size prepared. from the results of these initial
experiments it
can be concluded that the composition of chicken feathers and cardboard, glue, and water can form
acoustic panels so it can be recommended in advanced research.
The conclusions are based on panel composition that produces panel form 22 x 22 cm with
thickness 9 mm and 18 mm and panel diameter 10 cm with thickness 1,5 cm, 2,5 cm, and 5 cm.
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (2018) 012036 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012036
6
References
[1] Acda, Menando N. 2010. Waste Chicken Feather as Reinforcement in Cement-Bonded
Composites. Phil
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ppine Journal of Science. 139 (2): 161 166. Desember.
[
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Lingkungan. USU
Institutional Repository
[3] Asade, Felix, Isranuri Ikh
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[4] Asdrubali, F. (2007) Green And Sustainable Materials For Noi
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Control In Buildings.
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[6] Egan, M.D. (1972) Conc
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[11] Temp
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[12] Thyagarajan, D. dkk,. 2013. Scope of Poultry Waste Utilization. IOSR Journal of Ag
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (2018) 012036 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012036
7
... However, this method has significant ecological drawbacks. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In addition, a common use of its feathers is their transformation into feather meal for animal feed, or mixed with cardboard to obtain a new material. [2] In this article we have used chicken feathers (figures 1 and 2) as the bio-load for flexible PVC, which are composed of 98% keratin. ...
... [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In addition, a common use of its feathers is their transformation into feather meal for animal feed, or mixed with cardboard to obtain a new material. [2] In this article we have used chicken feathers (figures 1 and 2) as the bio-load for flexible PVC, which are composed of 98% keratin. and we added it with three different percentages to see both the effect of chicken feathers on PVC, as well as the percentage to improve the recyclability of this material. ...
... The mixture was reground together to obtain a homogeneous powder, so that plates 2mm thick could be extruded from which tensile samples were taken. the experiments are then carried out on a traction machine on the PVC without additive and on the samples of PVC at three percentages to see the best of them, which makes it possible to improve the mechanical characteristics of this material [2]. The percentage considered most suitable is 10%, it has greatly improved the flexibility and reduced the stiffness compared to the other two percentages. ...
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The poultry industry is responsible for a significant amount of waste. This bio-load is generally transformed into food with low nutritional value, or else incinerated. Not only are these options unsustainable, but it is also a missed opportunity to contribute to the circular economy. In this article, we try to contribute to the development of methods and strategies necessary to transform poultry feathers from waste for disposal into valuable raw materials. The chicken feathers are collected and washed several times, after drying in an oven, and finally crushed to obtain a flour which will be a bio-filler for the PVC used in this flexible article. Different percentages are used to find the one that most improves the mechanical characteristics of recycled PVC. The tensile test is carried out on test specimens made of recycled PVC without additives and recycled PVC reinforced with 5, 10 and 15% chicken feathers. It is deduced from the test results that the value of 10% was the most adequate to improve the mechanical characteristics of recycled PVC.
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The energy consumption in the building sector can reach up to 40% of the total energy demand of an industrial country. For this reason, green building strategies can be extremely effective as far as fossil fuels savings and greenhouse gases reduction. Sustainable materials can play an important role, since less energy is generally required for their production than the one needed for conventional materials. In the last years many new materials for noise control have been studied and developed as alternatives to the traditional ones (glass or rock wool); these materials are either natural (cotton, cellulose, hemp, wool, clay, etc) or made from recycled materials (rubber, plastic, carpet, cork, etc.). Their importance is proven by the fact that in Europe many Municipalities have introduced into Building Regulations specific recommendations to improve their use in new constructions, allowing a reduction of construction taxes or other benefits. The paper presents an updated survey of the characteristics and the acoustical properties of sustainable materials for noise control and in particular sound absorption coefficient, airborne and impact sound insulation data, as well as an analysis of the procedures to asses the sustainability of these materials (LCA, Ecoinvent, Ecoprofiles). INTRODUCTION According to the definition of sustainability of the Brundtland Report [1], "Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". A product can be therefore considered sustainable if its production enables the resources from which it was made to continue to be available for future generations and has the lowest possible impact on human health and on the environment. A sustainable product is generally made from natural or recycled materials and its production requires a small amount of energy, makes a limited use of non-renewable resources and has a low environmental impact. Many currently used acoustic materials can not be considered sustainable, at least as far as energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions; moreover, some of them can be harmful for human health. Mineral wools are widely used for thermal and sound insulation, because of their good performance and low cost, but their fibres, when inhaled, can lay down in the lung alveoli, and can cause skin irritation. Hence such materials must be adequately overlaid if directly exposed to the air. Moreover they can pulverize and are not resistant to water, oil and chemical agents and this can make their application not suitable for absorbing noise barriers. In the last years a great attention has been focused on "green" materials, especially in the building sector. Many research centres have developed new sustainable materials, in many cases with interesting acoustical properties. Also the public sector started to consider these materials; in Italy, for instance, many Municipalities have introduced into Building Regulations specific recommendations to improve the use of ecological materials in new constructions, allowing a reduction of construction taxes. These Regulations also contain a list of materials that should be avoided (e.g. mineral fibres). An increasing attention has been turned to natural fibres as alternatives to synthetic ones, in order to combine high acoustic and thermal performance with a low impact on the environment and human health. Natural fibres have very low toxicity and their production processes can contribute to protect the environment. Recycled materials, such as recycled plastic fibres and
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