APPLICATION OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLES AS TIME DEPENDENT STORAGE RESOURCE FOR THE PUBLIC ELECTRICITY GRID MODEL (EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR GERMANY)

Abstract

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24134.78403
This study investigates the potential to use the EES storages of a fleet of privately owned Electrical Vehicles (EV) as time dependent storage source connected to the electrical grid. The example of the national German electricity grid is examined. Calculations are done as time series on a complete yearly set of quarter-hour data for generation and consumption, as obtained from the national regulatory authority (“Bundesnetzagentur”). Future scenarios foresee targets that have been publicly stated by the German government (e.g. the projected discontinuation of electricity generation by nuclear power, the envisaged shares of renewables within the electricity mix per 2030 or 2050, and a projected evolution of the number of EV) as well as on expected technical evolution (e.g. introduction of new types of EES like the Li-Air-storage promising higher storage capacity in the future). The model assumes that private users of EV will (following a certain time pattern) provide the storage capacity within their EV to the public grid. A minimum reserve for the user is always granted and moreover it is assumed that the electrical system operator will make compensation payments to the user of the EV. In a scenario beyond 2030 (projected 6 Mio EV), the number of EV is assumed to be as large as 20 Mio EV in 2050, resulting in a considerably large distributed storage to help dealing with a future more and more volatile electricity provision by more and more renewable energy sources (in particular wind and PV). According to our preliminary results, an optimum for this model can be obtained at moderate power levels for charge and discharge, avoiding the necessity for a comparable high invest of “fast charging” stations.

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Institute of Electrotechnology
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Institute of Electrotechnology
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D-30167 Hannover
phone: +49 511 762 2872
fax: +49 511 763 3275
homepage: http://www.etp.uni-hannover.de
Dr.-Ing. G. Kleiss
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kleiss@etp.uni-hannover.de
Dipl.-Ing. T. Fehling
phone: +49 511 762 2366
fehling@etp.uni-hannover.de
APPLICATION OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES OF
ELECTRICAL VEHICLES AS TIME DEPENDENT STORAGE
RESOURCE FOR THE PUBLIC ELECTRICITY GRID
Zivar Arafat, Tristan Fehling, Gerhard Kleiss, Bernard Nacke
MODEL (EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR GERMANY)
Introduction of Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) is modelled based on
scenarios for the future energy generation in Germany and the
evolution of Electrical Vehicles (EV) and their batteries.
Further assumptions:
•90% of the EV will participate (financially incentivized)
•Minimum SOC of 30% granted at any time for each EV
•Distinct charging / discharging times assumed
•National energy demand not changed
Advantage of V2G is calculated from the non-necessity to sell
surplus electricity at unfavorable cost on foreign markets.
Same holds for avoidance of urged purchase from other markets.
RESULTS
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
•V2G can provide a substantial advantage to the national
economy through provision of additional storage
•Bidirectional charge / discharge infrastructure found to be
at optimum when connected to LV (7 kW). No MV needed!
•In this scenario a battery size per EV of max. 200 kWh is
sufficient
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