Urinary Tract Infection

Full text

Urinary Tract Infection
Basic Introduction with causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Point wise Lecture along with consisted table, Image and
Schematic diagrams
References
www.healthline.com & www.mayoclinic.org
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Urinary Tract Infection
Basic Introduction with causes, Symptoms and Treatment
S.N.
Content
Will Discuss About
01
Introduction
Definition of UTI, Composition of Urinary Tracts
02
Symptoms
How we will know that we are having urinary tract infection with
special reference to male and female.
03
Cause
What are the main causes of UTI
04
Diagnosis
Simple routine procedure to diagnose UTI and its confirmation
05
Treatment
Precaution and allopathic drugs available for the treatment
List of Contents we will discuss about
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Definition- A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection from microbes. These are
organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope. Most UTIs are
caused by bacteria, but some are caused by fungi and in rare cases by viruses.
UTIs are among the most common infections in humans.
Urinary Tract- A UTI can happen anywhere in our urinary tract. Our urinary tract
is made up of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most UTIs only involve the
urethra and bladder, in the lower tract. However, UTIs can involve the ureters and
kidneys, in the upper tract. Although upper tract UTIs are more rare than lower
tract UTIs, they’re also usually more severe.
Urinary Tract Infection
Basic Introduction with causes, Symptoms and Treatment
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Image Credit- http://globeunified.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/urinary-tract-infection.jpg

Lower Urinary Tract Infection
Upper Urinary Tract Infection
Increased frequency of urination without passing much
urine
Pain and tenderness in the upper back and sides
Burning with urination
Chills with unusual headache
Increased urgency of urination
Fever which follow come and go pattern
Bloody urine
Nausea
Cloudy urine
Vomiting
Urine that looks like cola or tea
Urine that has a strong odor
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Urinary Tract Infection
Basic Introduction with causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Symptoms of a UTI depend on what part of the urinary tract is infected
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S.N.
Part of UT Infections
Symptoms
1
Kidneys (acute pyelonephritis)
Upper back and side (flank) pain
High fever
Shaking and chills
Nausea and Vomiting
2
Bladder (cystitis)
Lower abdomen discomfort
Frequent, painful urination
Blood in urine
3
Urethra (Urethritis)
Burning with urination
Urinary Tract Infection
Part wise infection and their respective symptoms
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UTIs are a key reason we're often told to wipe from front to back after
using the toilet. That's because the urethra is located relatively close to
the anus. Bacteria from the large intestine, such as E. coli, are in the
perfect position to escape from the anus and invade the urethra. From
there, they can travel up to the bladder, and if the infection isn't treated,
continue on to infect the kidneys. Infection of the bladder is the
commonest cause of cystitis - inflammation of the bladder. Women
may be especially prone to UTIs because they have a shorter urethra,
which allow bacteria quick access to the bladder.
What causes
Urinary Tract Infection in Woman
Reference- https://www.webmd.boots.com/women/guide/urinary-tract-infection-women
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Causes and risk factors of
Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary tract infections typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and
begin to multiply in the bladder. Although the urinary system is designed to keep out such
microscopic invaders, these defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and
grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.
Cause of urinary tract infection
Description
Female anatomy
A woman has a shorter urethra than a man does, which
shortens the distance that bacteria must travel to reach the
bladder.
Certain types of birth control
Women who use diaphragms for birth control may be at
higher risk, as well as women who use spermicidal agents.
Menopause
After menopause, a decline in circulating estrogen causes
changes in the urinary tract that make you more vulnerable to
infection.
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Cause of urinary tract infection
Description
Infection of the bladder (cystitis)
This type of UTI is usually caused by Escherichia coli a type
of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Infection of the urethra (Urethritis)
This type of UTI can occur when GI bacteria spread from the
anus to the urethra. Also, because the female urethra is close
to the vagina, sexually transmitted infections, such as herpes,
gonorrhea, can cause Urethritis.
Blockages in the urinary tract
Kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can trap urine in the
bladder and increase the risk of UTIs.
A suppressed immune system
Diabetes and other diseases that impair the immune system —
the body's defense against germs —can increase the risk of
UTIs.
Catheter use
People who can't urinate on their own and use a tube
(catheter) to urinate have an increased risk of UTIs
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1. Drink plenty of liquids, especially water.
Drinking water helps dilute your urine and ensures that you'll urinate more frequently allowing
bacteria to be flushed from your urinary tract before an infection can begin.
2. Drink cranberry juice.
Although studies are not conclusive that cranberry juice prevents UTIs, it is likely not harmful.
3. Wipe from front to back.
Doing so after urinating and after a bowel movement helps prevent bacteria in the anal region from
spreading to the vagina and urethra.
4. Empty your bladder soon after intercourse. Also, drink a full glass of water to help flush bacteria.
5. Avoid potentially irritating feminine products. Using deodorant sprays or other feminine products,
such as douches and powders, in the genital area can irritate the urethra.
Prevention of
Urinary Tract Infection
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Urine
Sample
Inoculating Loop
Suspected patient’s urine
sample Culture Media Culture Media Petri dish
Drop of urine
Colony of Bacteria
E.Coli
Pure Culture
E.Coli Present In Patient’s urine
sample . Presence of UTI is
confirmed.
Urinary Tract Infection
Culture Media
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Solution- Pharmacy
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Urinary Tract Infection
Basic Introduction with causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Antibiotics used to treat Urinary tract Infections
1. Sulfamethoxazole
2. Nitrofurantoin
3. Fosfomycin
4. Amoxicillin
5. Certain cephalosporins
6. Ciprofloxacin
7. Levofloxacin
8. Ceftriaxone
9. Gentamicin
10. Tobramycin
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