Content uploaded by Fernando Maureira Cid
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Fernando Maureira Cid on Mar 05, 2018
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Electroencefalografía (EEG) y diversas manifestaciones del movimiento: una revisión del 2000 al 2017
Abstract
RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo es una revisión de las investigaciones donde se utilizó el electroencefalograma (EEG) para estudiar diversas manifestaciones del movimiento humano, como los efectos del ejercicio físico sobre las cortezas cerebrales, cambios de la actividad cerebral durante la realización de un movimiento, comparaciones de la actividad cerebral entre deportistas y no deportistas, etc. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, Medline/pubmed y Scopus, del total 28 artículos cumplían con los criterios de inclusión (publicados entre el 1° de enero del 2000 y 20 de diciembre del 2017, idioma español, inglés o portugués, artículos de investigación, estudios realizados con seres humanos y muestras con sujetos sanos). Todos los estudios dan cuenta de las diferencias cerebrales entre deportistas y no deportistas, asimetrías cerebrales durante la planificación y ejecución de movimientos, y cambios en las ondas cerebrales tras la realización del ejercicio físico.
... M. Cuevas 1 , D. Lanza 1 , P. Lara 1 , A. Calosci 1 , E. Moñivas 2 , A. Labella 1 , E. Segura 3 1 Complutense University of Madrid (SPAIN) 2 Barcelona University (SPAIN) 3 CEO altura x -Design Studio (SPAIN) Abstract In this paper we show the experimental results obtained in the constructive process of the research project "Big Data. Organizational Aspects (Open Data) and Development of New Creative Abilities (Visual Cartographies, Geolocation and Wearables)", funded by the Complutense University of Madrid and the Santander Group during 2017-2018. ...
... In encephalograms, cortical activity is shown by a set of waves that may appear isolated or grouped and that differ from each other by the following parameters [3]: ...
... Sin embargo, no existen trabajos que estudien los efectos del ejercicio físico sobre funciones cognitivas centrándose en la actividad eléctrica cerebral (Maureira & Flores, 2018), sino, más bien, los estudios con electroencefalografía (EEG) se centran en describir diferencias entre deportistas de diversas disciplinas (Darocha, De Souza, Spindolab, Vaza, De Oliveira & Geremiad, 2016), reducción de la actividad eléctrica cerebral tras la aplicación de una carga de trabajo físico (Ludyga, Gronwald & Hottenrott, 2016) o diferencias en la actividad neuroeléctrica durante la ejecución de movimientos deportivos exitosos y errados (Babiloni, Infarinato, Marzano, Lacobani, Dassú, Soricelli, et al., 2011). ...
... A review by Maureira and Flores [5] shows few investigations that use the EEG to study its relationship with the task to imagine a sequence of movements. Some works focus on the comparison of brain activity between athletes and non-athletes using the same stimulus [6][7][8]; others analyze the effects of a physical exercise session on the neurophysiology of the cerebral cortex [9][10][11]; and a few others study cortical activity when participants imagine a movement [12,13]. ...
The objective of the present study was to explore the degree of synchrony manifested by the fluctuation of the order/chaos oscillation between different areas of the brain (frontal, temporal and occipital). We made this exploration during the execution of the mental visualization of a motor task consisting of performing a self-invented ordered sequence of body movements. The sample consisted in the EEG of 9 professional dancers recorded during the process of imagining the sequence of movements. To study the variation of the order/chaos activity and the synchronic relationship of this balance between different regions of the cerebral cortex, we estimated the Hurst exponent and used linear Spearman correlations to evaluate order/chaos fluctuations synchronicity. The results showed H>0.5 values in all the electrodes, showing a strong self-similar and persistent brain activity during the imagination process. In addition, high order/chaos fluctuation synchrony indexes were found for the inter-hemispheric frontal and occipital areas in all the subjects, but poor order/chaos synchrony between temporal areas. Abstract The objective of the present study was to explore the degree of synchrony manifested by the fluctuation of the order/chaos oscillation between different areas of the brain (frontal, temporal and occipital). We made this exploration during the execution of the mental visualization of a motor task consisting of performing a self-invented ordered sequence of body movements. The sample consisted in the EEG of 9 professional dancers recorded during the process of imagining the sequence of movements. To study the variation of the order/chaos activity and the synchronic relationship of this balance between different regions of the cerebral cortex, we estimated the Hurst exponent and used linear Spearman correlations to evaluate order/chaos fluctuations synchronicity. The results showed H>0.5 values in all the electrodes, showing a strong self-similar and persistent brain activity during the imagination process. In addition, high order/chaos fluctuation synchrony indexes were found for the inter-hemispheric frontal and occipital areas in all the subjects, but poor order/chaos synchrony between temporal areas.
The article presented here refers to the research work done for reading, processing and plotting EEG signals, where physiological data of this type can be acquired from websites such as PhysioNet. Usually a lot of data is associated with EEG measurements in each patient. When you have large amounts of data in a spreadsheet and you want graphs that can be controlled interactively, or graphs that change from data to observation at the user’s will using interactive controls, it is normal for the application to slow down and for the update processes to take several seconds, even minutes, which makes it difficult for the user to handle this type of application. Some techniques are shown to reduce the delays caused by transferring data from one site to another and their measurement is presented. The improvements are based on the use of VBA (Visual Basic for Application) and the advantageous use of certain structures that indirectly allow the processes to be carried out directly at the level of the available RAM memory, specifically using various VBA VARIANT.de VBA types. In this work we disclose ways to speed up the reading, transferring, processing and graphing of this data, so that the user experience is satisfactory from the point of view of speed of response. The main motivation is to develop them to be used in studies of specialties such as Software Development and Electronics in subjects such as Electromedicine.KeywordsEXCELVBAEEG signalsPhysioNet
Introducción:
la señal del EEG suele interpretarse desde una mirada lineal, sin embargo, desde hace algunas décadas se estudia la actividad eléctrica cerebral como un sistema dinámico, basado en la teoría del caos, con matemáticas no lineales.
Objetivo:
analizar la estabilidad de las correlaciones de los índices de Hurst a través del tiempo en sujetos en reposo con los ojos cerrados.
Métodos:
se evaluaron 13 varones universitarios con el dispositivo cerebro-interfaz Emotiv Epoc® con frecuencia de muestreo de 128 Hz. Se analizaron los rangos de frecuencia delta (1-3 Hz), theta (3,5-7 Hz), alfa (8-12 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz) y gamma (>30 Hz).
Resultados:
los resultados muestran estabilidad en el porcentaje de correlaciones en todas las bandas estudiadas en la mayoría de los sujetos. esta situación ocurre en ventanas temporales de 10, 30 y 60 segundos.
Conclusiones:
este estudio exploratorio muestra la persistencia en el tiempo de procesos meta-sincrónicos no-lineales que obedecen a la dinámica del balance caos/orden global del cerebro, en condiciones de reposo, basal con ojos cerrados.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in beta band absolute power in cortical areas, before and after a condition of hand immobilization for 48 hours.
METHOD:
Fifteen healthy volunteers, aged between 20 and 30, were submitted to EEG assessment before and after immobilization, while performing a motor task triggered by a visual stimulus.
RESULTS:
Statistical analysis revealed that hand immobilization caused changes in cortical areas. Significant increases in beta band absolute power were found after hand immobilization at electrodes Fp2, C3 and P4. In contrast, at electrode C4 a decrease in beta band absolute power occurred after hand immobilization.
CONCLUSION:
Predominant hand immobilization, even for 48 hours, is sufficient to cause cortical changes that affect movement planning. Such changes may represent a cortical strategy to supply cortical changes in contralateral hemisphere due to immobilization. Further studies are necessary to understand cortical changes due to hand immobilization and movement planning, especially considering how much time of immobilization is necessary to promote such changes.
El presente texto contiene la información más relevante sobre las características del sistema nervioso y los trastornos más comunes que abarca la neuropsicobiología. Para los estudiantes de pedagogía resulta fundamental conocer las estructuras y funciones cerebrales que subyacen a los procesos cognitivos más importantes en el ser humano, funciones como la atención, memoria, planificación, control de impulsos, lenguaje, etc., todos elementos fundamentales para el proceso de aprendizaje de sus futuros estudiantes. Este libro contiene información sobre la etiología y tratamientos de diferentes problemas del sistema nervioso surgido por lesiones ya sea cerebrovasculares, infecciosas, tumores, traumáticas, etc. con un énfasis especial en la evaluación de los síntomas mediante pruebas neuropsicológicas.
Maureira, F.; Henríquez, F.; Carvajal, D.; Vega, J. & Acuña, C. (2015). Efectos del ejercicio físico agudo sobre la memoria visual de corto plazo en estudiantes universitarios. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM, N° 16 (1), 31-37. RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia de una sesión de ejercicio aeróbico y anaeróbico sobre la memoria visual de estudiantes universitarios. Para ello se evaluaron a 45 alumnos de la carrera de educación física de la Universidad SEK de Chile mediante el test de memoria visual de Benton forma D antes y después de la intervención de ejercicio. Los resultados muestran una mejora de los niveles de memoria visual en los universitarios sometidos a un trabajo aeróbico de 30 minutos. Misma situación que ocurre en los estudiantes sometidos a un trabajo anaeróbico de pesas en cuatro grupos musculares. Se puede concluir que la aplicación de ambos tipos de trabajo físico en forma aguda produce mejoras en los niveles de memoria visual en la muestra. Son necesarias futuras investigaciones con diversas intensidades de trabajo anaeróbico y su relación con la memoria y otras funciones cognitivas. PALABRAS CLAVE
As brain cortical activity depends on cadence, exercise at different pedaling frequencies could provide efficient stimuli for functional adaptations of the brain. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of cadence-specific training on brain cortical activity as well as endurance performance.
Randomized, controlled experimental trial in a repeated measure design.
Male (n=24) and female (n=12) cyclists were randomly assigned to either a high cadence group (HCT), a low cadence group (LCT) or a control group (CON) for a 4 week intervention period. All groups performed 4h of basic endurance training per week. Additionally, HCT and LCT completed four cadence-specific 60min sessions weekly. At baseline and after 4 weeks subjects performed an incremental test with spirometry as well as an interval session (constant load; varying cadences) with continuous recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms.
In contrast to CON, HCT and LCT elicited similar improvements of maximal oxygen uptake and power at the individual anaerobic threshold. Additionally, there was a reduction of alpha-, beta- and overall-power spectral density in HCT, which was more pronounced at high cadences. Improvements of endurance performance were correlated with reductions of EEG spectral power at 90 and 120rpm.
Whereas high and low cadence training elicit similar improvements in endurance performance, brain cortical activity is especially sensitive to high cadence training. Its reduction can be interpreted in the sense of the neural efficiency hypothesis and might as well influence the sensation of central fatigue positively.
Copyright © 2015 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Regular aerobic exercise and milk consumption have been found to have positive effects on certain cognitive functions such as short-term memory and sustained attention. However, aggregated effects of combining these modalities have not been explored. This study examined the combined effects of milk supplementation and aerobic exercise on the short-term memory and sustained attention of female students aged 16yr. (N = 81). The intervention involved serving of 250 ml of regular milk during school days and/or a 1-hr. aerobic exercise period twice per week for 6 weeks. The Digit Span Test and Digit Vigilance Test were used to measure short-term memory and sustained attention, respectively. The combination group (milk and exercise) and exercise group performed significantly better than did the milk and control groups in terms of short-term memory. No significant interaction or group differences were found for sustained attention. The results suggest benefits of regular exercise for students' short-term memory.
EEG differences were examined between part and whole practice in the learning of a novel motor task. Recording was done at 4 sites (i.e., O1, O2, C3, and C4) on 30 participants who performed a novel mirror star tracer task. Individuals were randomly assigned to 3 groups: whole practice, part practice, and control (no practice). Whole practice is defined as practicing a skill in its entirety. Part practice is defined as practicing separate, independent parts of the skill, and gradually combining those parts with parts that are dependent on one another. Each group was assessed during a pretest and posttest. EEG data was analyzed using a 2×2×2×3 (trials×hemisphere×site×practice) repeated measures mixed model ANOVA for each of the wave bands (lower alpha, upper alpha, lower beta, upper beta). All participants performed the task faster as no practice effect was found across the three groups; however the part practice group exhibited a significant decrease in errors. Reduced activation in the occipital and central sites was observed for lower alpha in the posttest compared to the pretest, for all participants. Hemispheric differences were present for all wavebands, with greater activation in the left hemisphere independent of practice type. The results of our study indicate that task learning was likely associated with the observed changes in the lower alpha waveband. Further, a concomitant behavior between the hemispheric lateralization of alpha and beta waveforms was observed. These results have implications for athlete training and rehabilitation. They indicate the utility of EEG for learning assessment in athletes. They also indicate learning strategies with a partial movement focus may be a beneficial strategy to support the development of complex sport skills training and rehabilitation strategies focused on reacquisition of skills prior to sport reintegration.
There is a need for feasible and research-based interventions that target the cognitive performance and academic achievement of low-income adolescents. In response, this study utilized a randomized experimental design and assessed the selective visual attention (SVA) and reading comprehension abilities of low-income adolescents and, for comparison purposes, high-income adolescents after they engaged in 12-min of aerobic exercise. The results suggest that 12-min of aerobic exercise improved the SVA of low- and high-income adolescents and that the benefit lasted for 45-min for both groups. The SVA improvement among the low-income adolescents was particularly large. In fact, the SVA improvement among the low-income adolescents was substantial enough to eliminate a pre-existing income gap in SVA. The mean reading comprehension score of low-income adolescents who engaged in 12-min of aerobic exercise was higher than the mean reading comprehension score of low-income adolescents in the control group. However, there was no difference between the mean reading comprehension scores of the high-income adolescents who did and did not engage in 12-min of aerobic exercise. Based on the results, schools serving low-income adolescents should consider implementing brief sessions of aerobic exercise during the school day.
Abstract This cross-sectional field study documented the effect of long-term t'ai chi, meditation, or aerobic exercise training versus a sedentary lifestyle on executive function. It was predicted that long-term training in t'ai chi and meditation plus exercise would produce greater benefits to executive function than aerobic exercise. T'ai chi and meditation plus exercise include mental and physical training. Fifty-four volunteers were tested: t'ai chi (n=10); meditation+exercise (n=16); aerobic exercisers (n=16); and sedentary controls (n=12). A one-factor (group), one-covariate (age) multivariate analysis of covariance was performed. Significant main effects of group and age were found (group, 67.9%, p<0.001; age, 76.3%, p=0.001). T'ai chi and meditation practitioners but not aerobic exercisers outperformed sedentary controls on percent switch costs (p=0.001 and p=0.006, respectively), suggesting that there may be differential effects of training type on executive function.
Background: Cognitive decline among seniors is a pressing health care issue. Specific exercise training may combat cognitive decline. We compared the effect of once-weekly and twice-weekly resistance training with that of twice-weekly balance and tone exercise training on the performance of executive cognitive functions in senior women. Methods: In this single-blinded randomized trial, 155 community-dwelling women aged 65 to 75 years living in Vancouver were randomly allocated to once-weekly (n = 54) or twice-weekly (n = 52) resistance training or twice-weekly balance and tone training (control group) (n = 49). The primary outcome measure was performance on the Stroop test, an executive cognitive test of selective attention and conflict resolution. Secondary outcomes of executive cognitive functions included set shifting as measured by the Trail Making Tests (parts A and B) and working memory as assessed by verbal digit span forward and backward tests. Gait speed, muscular function, and whole-brain volume were also secondary outcome measures. Results: Both resistance training groups significantly improved their performance on the Stroop test compared with those in the balance and tone group (P < .03). Task performance improved by 12.6% and 10.9% in the once-weekly and twice-weekly resistance training groups, respectively; it deteriorated by 0.5% in the balance and tone group. Enhanced selective attention and conflict resolution was significantly associated with increased gait speed. Both resistance training groups demonstrated reductions in whole-brain volume compared with the balance and tone group at the end of the study (P <= .03). Conclusion: Twelve months of once-weekly or twice-weekly resistance training benefited the executive cognitive function of selective attention and conflict resolution among senior women.