The Vulnerability of Cities: Natural Disasters and Social Resilience
... Three years later, it was estimated that 10 of the world's most populated cities were 90 located within 30 km of an active volcano (Degg, 1992). Pelling (2012) and Blaikie (1994) highlight 91 Jakarta as a major city at risk from volcanic activity. Heiken (2013) identified 67 cities (with populations 92 greater than 100,000), home to a total of ~116 million people, located on or near to active volcanoes. ...
... However, we emphasise the importance of assessing both the total numbers of exposure as well as 501 the proportions of the city (Fig. 4B), as less populated and smaller cities may have their entire 502 population exposed. While these cities may not rank highly in terms of total population, smaller cities resulting in cascading impacts that disrupted access to the city (Solway, 1994;Pelling, 2012). These 520 indirect impacts can extend beyond infrastructure disruption, affecting supply chains, labour markets, 521 and public health systems, with potential for the effects of an eruption to impact regionally or globally, 522 particularly for those cities that are central to financial systems (Pelling, 2012). ...
... While these cities may not rank highly in terms of total population, smaller cities resulting in cascading impacts that disrupted access to the city (Solway, 1994;Pelling, 2012). These 520 indirect impacts can extend beyond infrastructure disruption, affecting supply chains, labour markets, 521 and public health systems, with potential for the effects of an eruption to impact regionally or globally, 522 particularly for those cities that are central to financial systems (Pelling, 2012). Thus, these large cities 523 that have a small proportion exposed may be ranked low in our analysis in terms of exposure, but this 524 could mask potential widespread indirect impacts across the broader city (Mossler, 1996;Pelling, 525 2012). ...
Cities near volcanoes expose dense concentrations of people, buildings, and infrastructure to volcanic hazards. Identifying cities globally that are exposed to volcanic hazards helps guide local risk assessment for better land-use planning and hazard mitigation. Previous city exposure approaches have used the city centroid to represent an entire city, and to assess population exposure and proximity to volcanoes. But cities can cover large areas and populations may not be equally distributed within their bounds, meaning that a centroid may not accurately capture the true exposure. In this study, we suggest a new framework to rank global city exposure to volcanic hazards. We assessed global city exposure to volcanoes in the Global Volcanism Program database that are active in the Holocene by analysing populations located within 10, 30, and 100 km of volcanoes. These distances are commonly used in volcanic hazard exposure assessment. City margins and populations were obtained from the Global Human Settlement (GHS) Model datasets. We ranked 1,106 cities based on the number of people exposed at different distances from volcanoes, the distance of the city margin from the nearest volcano, and by the number of nearby volcanoes. Notably, 50 % of people living within 100 km of a volcano are in cities. We highlight Jakarta, Bandung, and San Salvador, as scoring highly across these rankings. Bandung, Indonesia ranks highest overall with over 8 million people exposed within 30 km of up to 12 volcanoes. South-east Asia has the highest number of exposed city populations (~162 million). Jakarta (~38 million), Tokyo (~30 million), and Manila (~24 million) having the largest number of people within 100 km. Central America has the highest proportion of its city population exposed, with Quezaltepeque and San Salvador exposed to the most volcanoes (n=23). Additionally, we ranked the 1,283 Holocene volcanoes by the city populations exposed within 10, 30, and 100 km, the number of nearby cities, and distance to nearest city. Tangkuban Parahu, San Pablo Volcanic Field, and Tampomas score highly across these rankings. Notably, Gede-Pangrango (~48 million), Languna Caldera (~8 million), and Nejapa-Miraflores (~0.8 million) volcanoes have the largest city populations within 100, 30, and 10 km, respectively. We developed a web app to visualise all the cities with over 100,000 people exposed. This study provides a global perspective on city exposure to volcanic hazards, identifying critical areas for future research and mitigation efforts.
... By encouraging experimentation, creativity, and new ideas, (Gómez-Baggethun et al. 2012) communities can develop innovative solutions (Yohe and Tol, 2002) that push the boundaries of traditional thinking (Adger, 2003). Innovation can lead to breakthroughs in technology, (Grothmann and Patt, 2005) policy, and practices that drive sustainable development and resilience (Pelling, 2003). ...
... 1. Transition Towns Movement: The Transition Towns movement (Yohe and Tol, 2002), which originated in the United Kingdom (Adger, 2003), empowers local communities to transition (Grothmann and Patt, 2005) towards a more sustainable and resilient future (Pelling, 2003). By fostering communityled initiatives (Cutter et al., 2003) such as local food production, renewable energy projects (Smit and Skinner, 2002), and waste reduction programs, Transition Towns (Eakin and Lemos, 2006) empower communities to address (Agrawal, 2008) climate change at the local level. ...
... Partnerships play a critical role (Yohe and Tol, 2002) in advancing climate action and sustainability goals (Adger, 2003) by pooling expertise, resources, and networks (Grothmann and Patt, 2005) to achieve common objectives (Pelling, 2003). Partnerships involve the collaboration (Cutter et al., 2003) and cooperation of multiple stakeholders, including government agencies (Smit and Skinner, 2002), civil society organizations, businesses (Eakin and Lemos, 2006), academia, and communities (Agrawal, 2008), to address shared challenges, leverage collective strengths (Armitage, 2005), and drive transformative change. ...
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, affecting communities and ecosystems worldwide. As the effects of climate change become more pronounced, there is an urgent need for effective and sustainable solutions to mitigate its impacts. While international efforts play a crucial role in addressing climate change, empowering local communities to take action through localized methods is key to building resilience and creating lasting change. In this chapter, we explore how empowering society through localized methods can help address climate change and foster sustainable development.
... Ainda, no contexto dos centros urbanos, pode-se compreender eventos relacionados à chuva como gatilhos para deslocamentos populacionais no Brasil. Em um país com mais de 80% da população urbanizada (IBGE, 2022), o impacto de chuvas fortes, enchentes e enxurradas podem levar à necessidade de evacuações emergenciais, reassentamentos e realocações planejadas (Pelling, 2003;Sironi et al., 2019;IDMC, 2023). Em outros contextos, como por exemplo, zonas rurais, é a escassez de chuvas que pode se tornar um gatilho para a mobilidade relacionada ao meio ambiente (Barbieri et al., 2022). ...
... As consequências de eventos pluviométricos podem variar consideravelmente e estão diretamente relacionadas à localização geográfica onde ocorrem. Quando as chuvas intensas acontecem em regiões urbanas caracterizadas por uma alta impermeabilidade do solo, escassos sistemas de drenagem e construções habitacionais sem planejamento adequado, a população local acaba por ficar mais exposta aos efeitos adversos desses eventos climáticos (Pelling, 2003). ...
... No Brasil, principalmente nos centros urbanos, apenas uma pequena parcela da população tem capacidade de adaptação às implicações das mudanças climáticas, principalmente quando estas envolvem medidas de adaptação e mitigação como obras e mudanças na estrutura domiciliar (Pelling, 2003). Entretanto, a grande maioria enfrenta riscos e carece dos meios necessários para lidar com os desafios apontados pelos cenários climáticos (Ribeiro, 2010;Barbieri, 2011). ...
Resumo Este artigo objetiva quantificar e descrever deslocamentos populacionais causados por desastres relacionados à precipitação no Brasil entre os anos de 2013 e 2022. Para isso, foram selecionados apenas registros de deslocamentos ocasionados por Secas, Inundações, Tempestades e Deslizamentos de massa contabilizados pela base de dados do Centro de Monitoramento de Deslocamentos Internos (IDMC). Utilizando uma abordagem descritiva, o estudo revela que eventos de grande magnitude estão intimamente ligados a chuvas intensas em extensas e populosas áreas no Brasil. Principalmente em vilas e favelas, onde a infraestrutura precária coexiste com vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas, eventos climáticos relacionados ao regime de chuvas podem comprometer os espaços de vida e impulsionar os deslocamentos como mecanismos de fuga e de adaptação. Num contexto de crise climática, espera-se que tais desastres ocorram com mais frequência no futuro, impactando principalmente os mais pobres e mais vulneráveis. Portanto, políticas de prevenção, adaptação e resiliência serão cada vez mais importantes para reduzir os riscos e impactos de desastres sobre a população.
... On the other hand, resilience is the ability of an actor to cope with or adapt to hazard stress. This indicates the close connection between resilience and disaster mitigation measures (Pelling 2012). Disaster protective actions enhance people's resilience, while stronger resilience also motivates people to address problems during crises, leading to further protective actions to adapt to the situation (Hua et al. 2018). ...
... In other words, individuals possessing higher levels of resilience typically demonstrate enhanced resistance to stress and improved adaptability. As a result, these individuals tend to assess disaster-related risks more accurately, and they show a greater propensity to engage in protective measures (Pelling 2012). Hence, resilience serves as a moderating factor when considering the potential adoption of pre-disaster protective behaviours as the dependent variable. ...
Pre‐disaster protective actions play a crucial role in mitigating disaster risks and enhancing resilience. Using data from Taiwan, China, this study examines how the degree and type of disaster‐induced damages influence protective actions. The findings reveal the following: (1) The extent of disaster damage, rather than merely experiencing a disaster, motivates individuals to engage in protective actions. (2) Economic and financial losses are the primary drivers of public protective actions, compared to other types of losses. (3) The study distinguishes between binary variables (the presence or absence of protective actions) and continuous variables (degree of preparedness) to assess the varying impacts of different factors. Risk perception is found to mediate the relationship between disaster damage and both the presence and extent of protective actions. Meanwhile, resilience only moderates the relationship between risk perception and the presence or absence of protective actions. (4) Information sources and perceptions of government authority significantly influence both the likelihood and extent of protective actions. However, trust in government and social capital do not exert any influence in this regard. This study advocates for targeted interventions for individuals severely affected by disaster‐related financial losses and emphasizes the need to enhance protective actions through diverse information channels.
... This paper adopts a complex-systems perspective of cities (i.e., as dynamic, interdependent networks of urban sub-systems, shaped by human behaviors, needs, and vulnerabilities) to examine the intricacies of coupled urban risks, emphasizing the critical role of human decisions (which increasingly depend on new technologies) and behavior in shaping these dynamics. Here, risk is alternatively understood as the combination of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability [7,10]. Based on this framework, we structure our literature review on coupled urban risks along two dimensions: cascading hazards (i.e., hazardous events that occur simultaneously, in a cascading manner, and cumulatively over time [11]) in urban environments; and cascading failures (i.e., a chain reaction of system breakdowns in interdependent urban subsystems) across interdependent exposed systems in cities. Existing risk assessment approaches in the literature often fail to capture the complexity of these processes, particularly when factoring in human decision-making [9,12,13]. ...
... While useful at a macro level, urban environments add layers of complexity, and their diverse local objectives and specificities [16] require a more granular understanding of coupled risks in cities. A more nuanced framework of risk in urban contexts combines hazard, exposure, and vulnerability [7,10]. In this framework, hazards are processes or events that may cause harm; exposure describes the people, infrastructure and related services, and systems of assets in hazard-prone areas; and vulnerability refers to the conditions that increase susceptibility to impacts [1]. ...
... Banyaknya bencana yang terjadi di Indonesia akhirakhir ini telah menarik perhatian banyak orang. Perhatian terhadap bencana ini di awali dari kejadian bencana gempabumi dan tsunami di Aceh pada tahun 2004 yang menyebabkan 165.708 orang meninggal serta kerugian mencapai US$ 4,450 juta (Hadi, 2010 (Sutanta, Rajabifard, & Bishop, 2009;Kotter, 2003;Greiving & Fleischhauer, 2006), serta apabila perencanaan tersebut salah maka dapat meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap bencana (Pelling, 2003). Berdasarkan amanat dalam undang-undang tersebut, institusi perencanaan mulai merevisi rencana tata ruang mereka dan berupaya memasukkan isu-isu kebencanaan ke dalam rencana tata ruangnya. ...
... Selan itu, kini berkembang pula suatu paradigma mengenai ketahanan atau resiliensi masyarakat. Dengan resiliensi masyarakat dapat kembali pulih seperti sedia kala (bounce back) (Pearce, 2003;Pamungkas, Bekessy, & Lane, 2011;Mileti, S, & Peek, 2002;Paton, Violanti, & Smith, 2003;Pelling, 2003;Ronan & Johnston, 2005) atau bahkan lebih baik dari sebelum terjadi bencana (better bounce back). ...
Sebagai salah satu negara yang sering menghadapi bencana alam, Indonesia telah membuat pedoman penanganan Rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca bencana alam, Berbagai kejadian bencana khususnya gempa bumi adalah bencana alam yang memakan banyak korban jiwa dan material sehingga penulis mencoba menganalisa penanganan bencana gempa bumi yang terjadi di Kabupaten Cianjur pada tahun November 2022. Metode penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif dengan content analysis, yaitu melakukan analisis terhadap Rekonstruksi dan rehabilitasi pasca bencana gempa bumi. Teori terkait kebencanaan ini mengalami pergeseran paradigma dari sains murni menjadi applied science, meskipun sebagian besar teori kebencanaan ini berasal dari praktik yang kemudian diangkat menjadi teori. Terdapat isu menarik yang muncul yaitu informasi risiko bencana yang ada dari pemerintah tidak selalu diterima oleh masyarakat. Beberapa peneliti menawarkan melalui komunikasi risiko. Akan tetapi, masyarakat juga memiliki informasi tersendiri mengenai risiko bencana di daerahnya. Sehingga tidak jarang, masyarakat yang percaya akan keyakinannya dan memiliki keterikatan dengan wilayahnya tidak ingin pindah dari wilayahnya, meskipun dinyatakan oleh pemerintah sebagai daerah yang memiliki tingkat risiko yang tinggi terhadap suatu bencana tertentu. Penanganan yang lambat, khususnya pada saat darurat dan pasca bencana disebabkan lemahnya sumber daya manusia. Hal ini dapat diatasi salah satunya melalui koordinasi dan kolaborasi yang baik antar pemangku kepentingan. Analisis Rehabilitasi psikologi, Kesehatan,dan kemanusiaan seta rekonstruksi infrastruktur, Sarana Umum dan permukiman yang telah dilakukan BPBD Kabupaten Cianjur dan Dinas PUPR Kabupaten Cianjur.
... De acordo comPelling (2003), a vulnerabilidade urbana está diretamente relacionada à capacidade das áreas urbanas de lidarem com ameaças e riscos. Esse conceito é moldado por fatores diversos, como condições socioeconômicas, ambientais e políticas, que afetam a resiliência das comunidades. ...
The increasing urbanization imposes complex and urgent challenges related to efficient city management. The need for new approaches that integrate technologies and information for effective, predictive, and evidence-based management and planning is becoming increasingly evident. In this context, parametric three-dimensional modeling emerges as a technological and innovative response to the complex demands of the systems comprising the entire city information network. The methodology of City Information Modeling, through the integration of Geographic Information System, Building Information Modeling, and Internet of Things, aims to provide a holistic view of the city using advanced digital tools. This approach allows for a deeper analysis of urban data and a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of decision-making, emerging as a promising field to address these challenges. The main objective of this study is to develop a framework for implementing city information modeling in vulnerable urban contexts, capable of promoting effective municipal planning and management aligned with the specific needs of these communities. Within the scope of this study, the aim was to fill the existing gap in the conception of this framework in such contexts, implementing it in a neighborhood of the Tirol area, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. This area is characterized by complex urban issues, intrinsically linked to ongoing infrastructure challenges. This study adopted the methodological procedures of Design Science Research, which guided the stages of awareness, suggestion, development, evaluation, and conclusion of the proposed artifact. The key contributions of the research include the development of a CIM framework tailored for monitoring urban conditions, featuring the integration of moisture sensors with Autodesk Tandem. This setup enables continuous and real-time monitoring of soil conditions. Consequently, it is understood that the studied technologies have the potential to positively transform urban planning in vulnerable areas by facilitating decision-making and promoting a more adaptive development of contemporary governance, with a particular emphasis on predictive management.
Keywords: city information modeling; internet of things; digital twin; smart cities.
... Ao serem detectados os desajustes gerados no território urbano, a gestão pública deve se preocupar Neste sentido, Pelling (2003) considera como resiliência a habilidade de um agente lidar ou de se adaptar frente aos perigos. Como as cidades brasileiras estão destituídas de serviços e de infraestrutura adequados, os impactos decorrentes dos alagamentos urbanos estão relacionados aos indicadores de exclusão 17 ou de inclusão dos grupos sociais aos serviços que a cidade oferece. ...
A ocorrência de eventos pluviais extremos em Barra dos Coqueiros, município localizado na faixa litorânea do estado de Sergipe, propicia o surgimento de cenários de vulnerabilidade socioambiental cuja causa remete aos processos de organização do espaço urbano, em especial à existência de falhas na rede de drenagem. Nesse sentido, citam-se os riscos de alagamentos, de transbordamento e de patologias por contaminação da via hídrica, bem como os riscos de inundações, deslizamento de terra, além da perda de patrimônio, de segurança e da própria vida daqueles que habitam a periferia semiestruturada da cidade. Diante da realidade apresentada, o objetivo deste trabalho de base sistêmica e metodologia qualitativa (com procedimentos de revisão teórica, levantamento cartográfico, coleta de dados junto aos órgãos competentes e trabalho em campo) consiste em compreender como são distribuídos no espaço geográfico barracoqueirense os riscos socioambientais decorrentes dos eventos pluviais extremos, propondo soluções adaptativas e mitigadoras que contribuem para minimizar a situação de vulnerabilidade dos habitantes locais.
... Çerçeve kapsamındaki öncelik verilen konular "risk, yönetişim, kırılganlık ve dirençlilik" kavramlarıyla birlikte ele alınmaktadır (SFDRR, 2015). Bu kavramların kent ve kırdaki yansımaları farklılık göstermekle birlikte, dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlasının kentlerde yaşaması ve bu nüfus artışıyla paralel olarak yapılaşmanın artması kentlerin giderek daha riskli alanlar haline gelmesine yol açmakta ve kırılganlığın da yükselmesine sebep olmaktadır (Pelling, 2003). Kentsel nüfusun 2050 yılına kadar yaklaşık olarak 7 milyara yaklaşacağı tahmin edilmekte ve bu sebeple kentlerin fiziki bileşenleri (binalar, ulaşım ağları, kentsel altyapılar) ile biyolojik bileşenlerini (bitki örtüsü, kentsel iklim, ısı adası, kentsel ekosistem) dikkate alan planların yapılması önem taşımaktadır (Tong, 2021). ...
Afetler hem yapılı çevrede hem de toplumsal ilişkilerde bozulmalara yol açan felaketlerdir. Bu sebeple kentlerin hem doğal hem de beşerî süreçlerin risklerini karşılayabilecek niteliğe sahip olması ya da bu riskleri karşılayabilecek biçimde yapılanması gerekmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’deki afet yönetim politikaları incelenerek, bu politikaların yerel yönetimlerdeki yansıması Antalya ili Kırcami bölgesi özelinde ele alınmıştır. Kırcami Bölgesi, 40 yıldır yapılaşma tartışmaları ile birlikte, kent merkezinin ortasında kalmış ve yapılaşma baskısı altında bir bölgedir. Çalışmanın amacı, böyle özel bir bölgede, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Türkiye'de meydana gelen deprem felaketinden sonra afetlere ilişkin beklentilerin, yereldeki farklı aktörler tarafından nasıl şekillendiğini belirleyip, daha dirençli, afet duyarlı bir katılımcı bir plan yaratmak için nelerin yapılması gerektiğini tartışmaktır. Bu kapsamda derinlemesine görüşmelerden oluşan bir nitel araştırma ile söylem analizi üzerinden bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda yerelde farklı aktörlerin afete ilişkin beklentilerinin arttığı saptanmış olup, gelecekte meydana gelebilecek bir afet riskleri karşısında farklı aktörlerin, afet duyarlı bir kentsel değişim ve dönüşüm istedikleri, afetlere yönelik olarak daha katılımcı ve yerelden ölçeklenen kentsel politikalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirlenmiştir.
... The challenge for public policies is to "continuously adapt to different scenario and context both in the ex-ante and ex-post perspectives" (Marin et al., 2021, p.3) and ensure timely, effective and sustainable responses to all sequences which characterize the disaster cycle (Pelling, 2003). As highlighted by Farazmand (2009), strengthening administrative capacities represents a crucial element in the management of uncertainties and continuous change generated by hyper-turbulent contexts and unforeseen crises. ...
Public administration increasingly faces challenges in addressing the multidimensional impacts of natural disasters, which are exacerbated by climate change and socio-economic vulnerabilities. This special issue examines the role of social sciences in disaster management, with an emphasis on the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to strengthen resilience and governance. The articles provide analyses of case studies, innovative practices, and critical policy issues, including communication, capacity building, and equitable resource distribution. By integrating sociocultural insights with technical solutions, this issue highlights pathways to foster adaptive governance and develop sustainable disaster response strategies.
... Research on social resilience also highlights the importance of physical (material) resources that can become capital if used to minimize losses caused by the crisis. Pelling (2003) draws particular attention to the importance of tangible capital through the example of property ownership, which is one of the most important forms of capital, especially for the poor. For example, by owning an apartment, they do not have to rent it on the market or from the city, and thus have more resources at their disposal. ...
Motives: Social resilience is increasingly attracting the interest of researchers and practitioners due to the need to stabilize and adapt societies to new challenges. These challenges result from successive crises, including pandemics. The answer lies in understanding, exploring, and building social resilience. Aim: The theoretical aim of the article is to identify the components of social resilience based on a review of international literature. The empirical aim is to present a methodology and to examine social resilience based on a survey. Results: The results show that social resilience is determined by the resources and capital of individuals or households. Among them, social, human, financial and material capital should be distinguished. The surveyed respondents were characterized by high social resilience to the crisis caused by the pandemic due to their predominantly young age, good education, and extensive social contacts despite limited financial and material resources.
... However, homeownership often signifies a broader wealth base, as homeowners may find it challenging to relocate to safer areas, unlike renters, who can move more flexibly when faced with a disaster. These findings support previous research [110], suggesting that homeowners are more likely to invest in future structural improvements to mitigate flood risks. ...
This study maps the rural household vulnerability to flood-induced health risks in flood-affected Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, focusing on the devastating 2022 flood. Using data from 600 households in the severely impacted districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (including Charsadda and Nowshera), this research examines the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and infrastructural factors on household vulnerability. This study assesses household vulnerability to flooding and health issues using logistic regression. The current study findings revealed that female-headed households, those with younger heads, and families with lower educational levels are particularly vulnerable. Income disparities significantly shape coping capacity, with wealthier households more likely to adopt effective risk-mitigation strategies. Proximity to functioning healthcare facilities emerged as a crucial factor in reducing vulnerability, as these households faced fewer health hazards. Conversely, households in areas where health and water infrastructure were damaged experienced higher risks of disease outbreaks, including cholera and malaria, due to water contamination and inadequate sanitation. This study highlights the urgent need for resilient infrastructure, strengthened public health systems, improved health education, and enhanced water and sanitation services to mitigate flood-induced health risks. Policymakers are urged to sustainable development practices by adopting gender-sensitive disaster management strategies, prioritizing educational initiatives, and fostering community support networks to enhance resilience to future flood events in KPK.
... Other scholars inspired by feminism (such as Haraway, 1989) and post-colonial studies contended that vulnerability should not always be seen as a problem (von Meding and Harmon, 2020). They observed that conditions of vulnerability need not result in experiences of destruction and harm (Pelling, 2003a(Pelling, , 2003b, instead prompting efforts that entail solidarity, use of local knowledge, empathy, and innovation (Brown, 2020). Finally, other critics found that an emphasis on vulnerabilities alone reduces our capacity to see people's strengths and potential for adaptation. ...
Most studies and policy in disaster risk reduction have focused on either what people lack (their vulnerability or their capacities to deal with risk (their resilience). Few studies and decision-making processes have focused on the role of emotions in informal urban settings. However, the results of a four-year study including interviews, three international workshops, and 24 community-led initiatives of risk reduction in Cuba, Colombia, and Chile, shows that emotions play a fundamental role in the design and planning of grassroots initiatives. Anxiety, pride, anger, uncertainty, and awe are crucial in risk-related agency. These emotions help building leadership and engagement and are decisive in establishing empathy, trust, and legitimacy-all which constitute the basis for change towards social and environmental justice. Phenomenology can help address connections between emotions , agency, and space. To succeed, risk response frameworks must recognize the interplay between emotions, behaviors, and politics.
... Since the work of Blaikie et al. (1994), we know that social injustices create vulnerabilities. Risk are created when potential hazards meet conditions of vulnerability and disasters are conceptualized as risk that materialize in both destruction in space (buildings and infrastructure) and significant impacts on people (Pelling, 2003). Critical disaster studies recognize, however, that people are not naturally vulnerable but are made vulnerable (or "vulnerabilized") by different forms of violence and oppression (Remes and Horowitz, 2021). ...
Purpose
Disaster risk reduction is of prime importance in informal settlements in the Global South, where several forms of vulnerability coexist. Policy and official programmes, however, rarely respond to the needs and expectations of citizens and local leaders living in these settlements. Even though these agents constantly attempt to reduce risks in their own way, we know very little about their activities, motivations and effective impact on risk reduction. Here we seek to conceptualize bottom-up initiatives to better grasp their origins, limitations and success.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a four-year action-research project in Colombia, Cuba and Chile, we theorize about the production of change by local agents. Through detailed case studies we explored the activism of 17 local leaders. Through narrative analysis we studied their motivations and explanations. Finally, by documenting 22 initiatives, we revealed effective changes in space.
Findings
In the face of risk and disasters, residents and leaders in informal settings engaged in symbolic, physical and social spaces of interaction. Their actions were guided by trust, emotions, time cycles and activism. Local agency was justified by narratives about risk and climate change that differ from those of authorities and scholars.
Research limitations/implications
There is still limited understanding of bottom-up initiatives in informal settings. It is crucial to conceptualize their origins, limitations and success. The focus on three specific countries necessitates further research for broader applicability and understanding.
Practical implications
A better comprehension of bottom-up actions is crucial for informing policies and programmes aimed at reducing risk in informal settings. Stakeholders must recognize the political, social and cultural roles of these actions for more impactful climate action.
Originality/value
We borrow Simon’s concept of “artefact” to introduce the notion of “Artefacts of Disaster Risk Reduction”, providing insights into the multifaceted nature of bottom-up initiatives. We also emphasize the simultaneous political and phenomenological character of these actions, contributing to a deeper understanding of their origins and impact.
... The environment for the mobility of scientific research personnel and innovation was impacted, which had a serious effect on the pace of scientific and technological development in the districts, which in turn, had a detrimental effect on the resilience of the districts in the recovery process. In addition, the insufficient number of vaccination sites could not prevent the infection risk of residents in a timely and effective manner, and it was difficult to cut off the transmission of the virus and ensure the effective distribution of medical resources in districts with a high population density [70]. Compared with other indicators, the above five obstacles significantly negatively impacted Wuhan's resistance, resilience, and adaptability, which limited its rapid recovery and resilience during the pandemic. ...
In recent years, public health emergencies have severely disrupted city functions and endangered residents’ health and lives, enhancing the emergency response capacity, a crucial aspect of building resilient cities. Based on the Wuhan Statistical Yearbook and local economic and social big data, this study constructed a resilience assessment system that covers resistance, adaptability, and resilience. Evaluate the resilience level of each region and analyze its spatiotemporal characteristics using the entropy weight method, Theil index, and natural breakpoint method. The central area exhibited higher resilience levels, while peripheral areas showed lower resilience, owing to location advantage and developmental disparities. The obstacle degree model revealed that scientific and technological innovation, social rescue capabilities, and population size are the primary weak links in building urban emergency response capacity. Based on these findings, this study aims to provide policy recommendations and improvement measures for multiple stakeholders, guide the construction of resilient cities, enhance the ability to respond to public health crises and recovery speed, and ensure urban functions and residents’ well-being.
... This state is composed of three 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 elements: exposure, resistance, and resilience. Exposure is related to the physical and social environment, resistance is the capacity to maintain health and balance, and resilience is the ability to cope with or adapt to stress (Garcia & Gruat, 2003;Pelling, 2003). Therefore, children require special care and protection from threats to their well-being, such as sexual abuse (Adesina, 2017;Akpoghome & Nwano, 2016). ...
Street hawking, a practice deeply rooted in traditional African societies, has undergone a major transformation over time. It now predominantly involves teenagers, exposing them to a variety of hazards that can have profound and lasting impacts on their lives. The risks are particularly heightened for female teenage hawkers compared to their male counterparts. This study delves into the vulnerability of girl hawkers to sexual abuse. The study is underpinned by a combination of two theoretical frameworks: social disorganization and routine activities theory. A qualitative design was adopted to gain a deeper understanding of the issue. The study was conducted in four major hawking areas in Lagos State, with a total of 25 participants selected through purposive and convenient sampling methods. The participants comprised 20 adults and five police officers, providing a diverse range of perspectives into understanding the plight of girl hawkers with respect to sexual abuse. Through content analysis, it was revealed that girl hawkers are not only sexually abused, but also kidnapped, killed, and used for ritual purposes. Despite the severity of these situations, they are seldom reported to the authorities. Considering the findings, the study proposes the following policy-based recommendations: the banning of hawking by teenagers, the enforcement of strict penalties for non-compliance, implementing stringent supervision measures for teenagers, providing child support, promoting closer parent-child relationships, encouraging the report of sexual abuse cases, and the imposition of deterrent punishments on sexual offenders to prevent future occurrences.
... Widespread deployment of convergent Nexus-EWS have strong potential to build resilience against extreme events and improve adaptive capacity of vulnerable human and ecological populations exposed to extreme events. While different conceptual notions of vulnerability and resilience have been explored in multiple disciplines (e.g., ecology, political ecology, human ecology, disaster management, climatic impacts, human dimensions of global change) and theories (e.g., pressure and release), which have been reviewed by Liverman (1990), Dow (1992), Ribot et al. (1996), Eakin and Luers (2006), Pelling (2003), Füssel and Klein (2006), Adger (2006), Cutter (2003, Ionescu et al. (2009), andJanssen et al. (2006), this chapter considers vulnerability and resilience as properties of a coupled natural and human system, as elaborated by Turner et al. (2003a, b) in the context of a social-ecological system. Previously, the system-level frameworks for vulnerability and resilience have been applied in a range of empirical assessments (Luers et al. 2003;O'Brien et al. 2004;Schröter et al., 2005;Ionescu et al. 2009). ...
This open access book considers that the Central and South Asian region sits at the middle of geographical, geopolitical, economic and historical cross-roads. Since the independence of the Central Asian states in the 1990s, following the demise of the Soviet Union, and emergence of regional trade and political ties means that the region’s evolution has also been subject to common drivers – external and internal, opening up some new opportunities. The long-term social and economic success of the region depends on how water, energy, and food security is achieved at a regional scale that combines Central Asia and South Asia, which are typically treated separately in policy and scholarly works. This book considers how securing the “Nexus” of water, energy, and food resources serves as a starting point for utilizing emerging region-wide opportunities. It does so by identifying the present state of play, deeply analyzing cross-cutting drivers (e.g., climate change, poverty, environmental crises and urbanization) and offering insights into possible solutions.
The book offers an in-depth rationale for why dealing with this region as a whole makes sense; it is then divided into four sections: The first section, entitled “A Regional Overview,” establishes the basic facts around the state of water, energy, and food resources; this section is meant to serve as the foundation upon which further exploration and analysis is built. The second section turns its attention to “Regional Issues” and unpacks the Nexus into water–energy and water–food relationships. It also investigates how regional trade and coping mechanisms for environmental crises might inform the policies on the Nexus. The section includes a sampling of success and failure stories around implementation of the Nexus policies and strategies in the Central and South Asian region. The third section undertakes an analysis of the “Cross-Cutting Themes for Nexus Security” by investigating all the major drivers of policy and development strategies in the region: climate change, urbanization, poverty, sharing of resources across borders, and gender-based disparities. The fourth and final section uses the discussion throughout the book to formulate “An Integrated Narrative” around the Nexus. It explores how the new global development framework in the form of Sustainable Development Goals might offer a new perspective for achieving the Nexus security in the region. There is an argument that the Nexus security ties in with achievement of long-term peace and security. A final wrap-up chapter gazes into the crystal ball to test out some future scenarios – both positive and negative.
... Widespread deployment of convergent Nexus-EWS have strong potential to build resilience against extreme events and improve adaptive capacity of vulnerable human and ecological populations exposed to extreme events. While different conceptual notions of vulnerability and resilience have been explored in multiple disciplines (e.g., ecology, political ecology, human ecology, disaster management, climatic impacts, human dimensions of global change) and theories (e.g., pressure and release), which have been reviewed by Liverman (1990), Dow (1992), Ribot et al. (1996), Eakin and Luers (2006), Pelling (2003), Füssel and Klein (2006), Adger (2006), Cutter (2003, Ionescu et al. (2009), andJanssen et al. (2006), this chapter considers vulnerability and resilience as properties of a coupled natural and human system, as elaborated by Turner et al. (2003a, b) in the context of a social-ecological system. Previously, the system-level frameworks for vulnerability and resilience have been applied in a range of empirical assessments (Luers et al. 2003;O'Brien et al. 2004;Schröter et al., 2005;Ionescu et al. 2009). ...
This chapter takes a horizontal transect through the book and analyzes the commonalities and divergences in perspectives offered by the various authors. It presents the trends and patterns of the nexus’ security in the Central and South Asian region. It also provides an overview of the major drivers and their impacts on development, notably including climate change impacts, urban development and growth, development of new trade corridors, and management of transboundary water resources. Intersection of social issues like poverty reduction, societal inclusion, and gender dimensions of the water, energy, and food nexus are also discussed. This chapter offers some scenarios for how the situation for water, energy, and food security for the Central and South Asian region might evolve in the coming decades. It discusses how regional peace and security are dependent on sustainable availability of water, energy, and food.
... Several researchers considered societal resilience as a result of a specifically targeted activity (CARRI, 2013;Pelling, 2003;Wilson, 2015). Appropriate measures allow for building a society's capabilities to effectively prevent threats, respond to hazards and recover from crises. ...
This article offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to the issue of societal resilience in wartime. Given the fact that the potential of a society's resilience is fully revealed under conditions of shocks and crises, studying the experience of the Ukrainian society during the Russian-Ukrainian war provides valuable information for testing theoretical assumptions, developing knowledge and practices in the field of societal resilience. We have analysed the resilience of the Ukrainian society through the prism of the resilience of complex social system`s elements and connections between them in order to maintain the system`s functionality under destructive influences of war. We argue that there is a cumulative effect of the interaction of human, cultural, organizational, political, economic and other components of societal resilience, which enhances the adaptability and transformability of society. The article contributes to a better understanding of the civil society's role in crisis management and intersectoral linkages in ensuring society`s resilience.
... Esta definición es clave para el desarrollo de este trabajo, en ella se establece una diferencia entre la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad, ubicándose esta última en el ámbito social. Al respectoPelling (2003), afirma que la relación entre la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad permite preveer situaciones críticas, sobre todo su perdurabilidad en el tiempo.Los enfoques teórico-metodológicos esbozados hasta la fecha se concentran en proponer la identificación y la medición de la vulnerabilidad para aquellas personas en esa situación. Para ello segúnCutter (1996), establecen como elementos prioritarios "la intensidad del peligro al cual determinados grupos están expuestos y su relación con las condiciones materiales objetivas de los individuos/hogares".Wisner et al. (2004), afirman que para poder determinar los marcos teóricos y metodológicos de forma más adecuada y precisa se debe realizar una identificación de las personas en situaciones de vulnerabilidad y la intensidad de ésta, y con ese objetivo resulta fundamental determinar los peligros que sostienen dicho estado.Autores comoAlwang et al. (2001), realizan una distinción entre "vulnerabilidad a...", y "vulnerabilidad ante..". ...
Editorial PhD. Yamilka Pino-Sera Caracteres morfométricos y merísticos del pescado ratón silvestre (Leporinus ecuadorensis) en la zona de Babahoyo Josselin Lisseth Triviño-Bravo, Willian Oswaldo Sornoza-Zambrano, Ana Lucia Espinoza-Coronel, Jean Pierre Mendoza-Palacio Revolutionizing training: immersive virtual reality in the steel industry. José Hernán Aguilar-Salazar, Rafael Granillo-Macías, Héctor Rivera-Gómez, Isidro J. González-Hernández Las personas con discapacidades invisibles y los retos para visibilizar una problemática educativa urgente Abigail Guadalupe Valle-Mejía, Johan Cristian Cruz-Cruz, Alma Delia Torquemada-González Propuesta para el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas mediante el uso de herramientas digitales: Mendeley y Obsidian Erick Arbeu-Reyes, Alma Delia Torquemada-González, María de Lourdes Orozco-Ramírez Proposal for the development of investigative skills through the use of digital tools: Mendeley and Obsidian Elisabeth Docampo Riverón, Adris Díaz Fernández Epistemic study of law and economics, a social vision in context Sonia Vélazquez-Hernández, Dalia Beatriz Quintana-Velázquez Fundamentos doctrinales que sustentan la ética profesional en el actuar del fiscal Nadieska Nuñez-Gumila, Armindo Henriques La vulnerabilidad social y su impacto desde el patrón de desarrollo contemporáneo Javier Moreno-Tapia Articulaciones para la educación inclusiva: retos en una sociedad compleja y diversa Lázaro Salomón Dibut-Toledo Social inclusion and values: a study from culture Rolando Eduardo Medina-de la Rosa, Ana de Lourdes Torralbas-Blazquez
... Esta definición es clave para el desarrollo de este trabajo, en ella se establece una diferencia entre la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad, ubicándose esta última en el ámbito social. Al respecto Pelling (2003), afirma que la relación entre la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad permite preveer situaciones críticas, sobre todo su perdurabilidad en el tiempo. ...
La vulnerabilidad social ha sido abordada desde diferentes posturas y definida a partir de múltiples elementos lo cual matiza la complejidad de su objeto sobre todo por las áreas del conocimiento y posturas epistemológicas que confluyen en su análisis. El objetivo del artículo es analizar la problemática de la vulnerabilidad social y su impacto desde el patrón de desarrollo contemporáneo. La metodología utilizada se basa en el análisis crítico de una extensa y diversa revisión bibliográfica sobre el objeto del estudio. Las principales categorías abordadas fueron: vulnerabilidad social, riesgo, resiliencia, bienestar, entre otras. Las conclusiones apuntan a que aunque existe un gradual interés en proponer investigaciones sobre vulnerabilidad social, en éstos no se percibe un consenso general sobre el tema y por ende son frecuentes los cuestionamientos a determinadas posturas. A partir de ello se contribuye con algunas reflexiones desde el campo teórico y metodológico, tomando en consideración los principales elementos identificados sobre la vulnerabilidad social y sus implicaciones. Es así que se propone considerar a la vulnerabilidad social como resultado de los impactos provocados por el patrón de desarrollo vigente, pero a su vez como la incapacidad de enfrentarlos por parte de los grupos más débiles de la sociedad.
... Başka bir kavram olan kırılganlık ise riske maruz kalma ve potansiyel zararı önleme veya absorbe etme yetersizliğini ifade etmektedir. Bu kavramlar dikkate alındığında afet kavramı ortaya çıkmaktadır ve afeti tehlike ve kırılganlığın çakışmasının sonucu olarak ifade edebilmek mümkündür (Pelling, 2003). Daha geniş bir tanımla afet, insan varlığının olduğu yerlerde fiziksel, ekonomik ve sosyal kayıplar oluşturan normal hayatı ve insan faaliyetlerini durduran ya da kesintiye uğratan ve bu durumdan etkilenen insanların baş etme kapasitesinin yeterli olmadığı doğa, teknoloji veya insan kaynaklı olaylardır (Afet ve Acil Durum Başkanlığı, 2014;Ergünay, 2007;Ergünay, 2009). ...
... In this study, hazards pertain to risks associated with natural disasters, including the potential for harm to individuals and damage to property and the environment. Burton (1993) and Pelling (2003) classify hazards into natural and technological/man-made categories. Natural hazards encompass extreme events like floods, landslides, and earthquakes, causing significant disruptions and loss of life. ...
This study explores the perceptions and practices experienced by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at University of Foreign Language Studies, The University of Danang (UD-UFLS), Vietnam regarding essential survival skills during hazards. Employing a mixed-method approach, with a focus on Project-based Learning (PBL), the study involves 140 EFL students at UD-UFLS. Key insights were gathered, revealing concerns primarily about electrical shocks, fire outbreaks, drownings, floods, and hurricanes. The results show that, given the recognition of their importance, many students showed a significant lack of exposure to, and awareness of, essential survival skills, indicating potential gaps in proper preparedness. The challenges were then outlined including an absence of adequate emergency response training, obstacles in obtaining timely and accurate information, and a limited grasp of warning signs and evacuation protocols. The significance of PBL in improving EFL students’ survival skills was accordingly emphasized with strong focus on the critical role of social media and multi-modal output in disseminating hazard-related information. The Lighthouse Project was thus initiated, aiming to equip EFL students with essential survival skills through multimodal means with a view to enhancing EFL students' preparedness and awareness of essential survival skills for effectively navigating and responding to hazards.
... Solo algunas calles de las colonias son accesibles para transporte público y a centros educativos, como escuelas primarias. Es importante considerar que las características del medio físico pueden tener un impacto significativo en las condiciones de una comunidad, en el acceso a recursos, acceso a una vivienda adecuada, acceso a servicios básicos, e incluso, vulnerabilidad a los desastres naturales y aislamiento (Pelling, 2003). En trabajo de campo y con apoyo de imágenes obtenidas de la plataforma de Google maps, así como con los comentarios recuperados de las entrevistas, se puede observar a una década aproximadamente de la aplicación del macromural, que las personas entrevistadas perciben cierto temor al salir a las calles, aunque finalmente es parte de su espacio, sobresalen puntos clave, lugares en el barrio, en especial los callejones, y esquinas, los cuales carecen de alumbrado público, además de que han sido testigos de "amigos asesinados" en estos espacios, lo que aumenta la percepción de inseguridad (figura 2) Es importante rescatar en este punto, que precisamente en las condiciones del espacio inmediato, tan solo en el año 2010, de las 813 viviendas, 745 estaban habitadas, lo anterior es de destacar debido a que con trabajo de campo de igual forma se pudo cotejar que existen viviendas deshabitadas o abandonadas, las cuales se localizan en callejones que, pese al mural existente, se perciben inseguras debido entre otras cosas a la falta de infraestructura en alumbrado público, lo inquietante es que para el año 2020, hay un aumento del 10.1% en este tipo de viviendas (Scince, 2020). ...
En este trabajo se analiza la percepción cotidiana de la población de la colonia Las Palmitas en Pachuca, Hidalgo, sobre el Macromural, Pachuca se Pinta, desarrollado en el año 2014.
This chapter presents a theoretical exploration of resilience dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa within the context of climate change. Employing a qualitative, conceptual framework, the study synthesizes existing literature across diverse disciplines to develop a multidimensional model for understanding resilience. It introduces a multidimensional framework, dissecting resilience into social, political, economic, environmental, and institutional dimensions. The study explores how these dimensions, both individually and interactively, contribute to societal adaptive capacity. Recognizing resilience as a complex interplay, the chapter argues that understanding these intricate relationships is crucial for effective policy. The framework is then applied to climate policy analysis, demonstrating how this approach informs evidence-based strategies for enhanced resilience and sustainable development. The systematic framework provides researchers and policymakers a pathway to apply a detailed understanding of resilience for the development of targeted climate policy. This necessitates strengthening local governance, fostering economic diversification, enhancing access to essential resources, and supporting social cohesion to build truly robust and lasting resilience across Sub-Saharan Africa.
21st century: It brings disasters with increasing types, frequencies, and sizes. In today's world, where studies on sustainability have become a priority, every professional discipline has responsibilities and must determine strategies for how their profession will evolve. This study discusses the status of landscape architecture and urban design disciplines in disaster-prone Turkiye. To determine future strategies in education policies, it is necessary to decide on the current situation, especially the approaches in graduate education. In this context, determining the relationship between theses, which are the production of graduate education studies, and disaster-related issues is critical. In this study, a 9-stage evaluation method is defined. 22 disaster types were determined through literature reviews and expert opinions from the Landscape Architecture professional discipline. Considering the beginning years of graduate education in Landscape Architecture departments, a total of 2397 master's and doctoral theses conducted under the disciplines of Landscape Architecture and Urban Design between 2002 and 2023 were examined. The total number of theses and the rates produced regarding thematic disaster types were examined quantitatively according to years, keywords, universities, faculties, and global and national developments. (scrutinize) In this context, during the examinations, it was determined that there were deficiencies and inadequacies in the number and content of the theses, and general solution strategies for the future were introduced to eliminate these problems in the graduate theses examined. Graduate theses should be done in quality and quantity, providing innovation and having applicable and sustainable values.
This study aims to analyze disaster mitigation programs and policy support regarding the handling of landslides in realizing urban resilience in Bandung City, Indonesia. The method used is explorative qualitative with a landslide case study approach in Bandung City, Indonesia one of the cities with the highest rainfall in Indonesia. The research analysis in this study used the Nvivo 12 Plus qualitative analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that in overcoming the problem of landslide hazards in the City of Bandung, the Government of the City of Bandung makes use of good spatial planning which is manifested in collaborative actions by the local government, large (private) developers, and community support, especially in facilitating beautiful, comfortable, and productive housing. There are two steps taken by the government in dealing with vulnerability due to landslides in Bandung City, namely: (1) Technical steps in the form of zoning regulations, mapping of disaster areas, limiting occupancy, and preparing residential locations; and (2) Socialization steps in the form of education to schools, preparation of databases/information, limiting occupancy in disaster-prone areas, and community-based environmental quality improvement. This study outlines the key actions taken by each stakeholder to improve the situation in Bandung City. In addition, it also highlights the need for a general regulatory framework to deal with landslide hazards in the city of Bandung, Indonesia.
Purpose
Research on the living conditions of slum dwellers in the inner cities of developing countries has received much attention. Nevertheless, there is little empirical research on the influence of personal attributes on the poor environmental condition of the slum area. This study aims to examine the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics and the physical condition of the slum environment in the inner city of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected through the use of questionnaire administration from a household survey of 491 slum dwellers. Systematic random sampling was used in the selection of the respondents. The study used descriptive, factor and multiple regression to analyse the data collected.
Findings
The study used descriptive, factor and multiple regression to analyse the data collected. The study reveals an interplay between various socio-economic factors and environmental conditions. The results show that out of ten (10) socio economic variables that were submitted in the regression model, only eight (8) of these variables such as income, household size, occupation, level of education, age, marital status, year of residency and nativity were significant.
Originality/value
The study concluded that despite the fact that the condition of the slum environment is a product of multiple interrelated factors, personal attributes also contribute to the poor environmental condition of the slum area. The study recommended that improving the socio-economic conditions of slum dwellers would lead to improved environmental conditions.
21st century: It brings disasters with increasing types, frequencies, and sizes.
Ülkemizde yaşanan afetler ne kentlerimizin ne de karar vericilerin afete ve afet sonrası sürecin yönetimine hazır olmadıklarını; dahası etkin bir afet risk yönetimi için gerekli araçların üretimi konusunda da gerekli bilgi birikimi ve pratiğin bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada kent planlama disiplini içerisinde neler yapılabilir sorusuna yanıt arama çabasının sonucu olarak üretilen ve Planlama Stüdyosu VI kapsamında İskenderun kentsel alanında test edilen ‘Mikro Bölgelemeye Dayalı Gösterge Temelli Çoklu Risk Analizi’ anlatılmaktadır. Stüdyo çalışması kapsamında 8 farklı senaryo, 16 farklı grup ile İskenderun kent bütünü için yapılan analizde belirlenen farklı afet riskleri için tehlike, kırılganlık ve maruziyet temelli göstergeler ağırlıklandırılmış; aynı risklere sahip en küçük homojen bölgelerin belirlenmesi ile kent bütününde mikro bölgeleme yapılmış ve çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemi ile her bölgenin toplam risk puanı/düzeyi belirlenmiştir. Sakınım ve Deprem Sonrası Müdahale Planları’nın üretilmesi kapsamında test edilen model; risk düzeylerini de gösteren konumsal risk haritalarının planlama süreçlerini ve afet risk yönetimini yönlendirebilecek etkin bir araç olabileceğini göstermiştir.
This study explores the concept of temporary appropriation (TA) and its profound impact on enhancing diversity within urban environments, contributing to the multidisciplinary dialogue of our cities. Temporary appropriation, the process by which individuals or communities repurpose urban spaces for alternative uses, embodies the dynamic interplay between diverse social groups and the built environment. This phenomenon not only reflects the rich tapestry of urban everyday life but also acts as a critical driver of social cohesion and urban resilience. Drawing from urban design, social sciences, and sustainability studies, this research delves into case studies spanning global contexts such as Venice, Mexico City, Hong Kong, and Auckland, emphasizing the role of temporary appropriation in fostering inclusivity, stimulating economic activities, and enhancing community resilience. By focusing on how diverse groups engage with and transform urban spaces for cultural expressions, community gatherings, and grassroots economic initiatives, the study highlights temporary appropriation as an essential mechanism for integrating diversity into the fabric of urban development. Moreover, this work argues that temporary appropriation can serve as a powerful tool for urban planners and policymakers to recognize and harness the potential of diversity. It encourages the adoption of flexible urban design strategies that accommodate the evolving needs and creative expressions of diverse urban populations, thereby promoting a more inclusive, sustainable, and resilient urban future.
In this chapter, the focus is on building social resilience to confront climate change. It examines how GCC countries can adapt to and mitigate climate risks weaving deep-rooted community bonds into evolving urban landscapes.
This chapter discusses balancing strong communal ties with rising individualism due to global urbanization. Emphasis is placed on policies and infrastructure that support changing dynamics while reinforcing communal values.
This narrative highlights how climate change can exacerbate global challenges such as pandemics and economic fluctuations, providing strategies to manage these issues within the GCC context. A framework for adapting international resilience practices to the GCC’s unique sociocultural and environmental landscape is introduced.
This chapter serves as a resource for policymakers, urban planners, academics, and community leaders in the GCC, providing insights into fostering resilient urban systems to address both immediate and broader challenges posed by climate change.
Disorganized and isolated poor people in urban regions are facing serious natural hazards (e.g., flood, cyclone, storm, drought), affecting their Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Building urban resilience networks among disorganized people may promote their social resilience (SR) to the natural adversities aimed at achieving SDGs, including poverty reduction, equality and climate justice. Reviewing social science theory and literature, in this chapter we formulate an integrated theoretical framework that helps understand how integration in bonding, bridging and linking networks (BBLSNs) among social actors promote social processes (e.g., communication, interaction, learning etc.) that, in turn, increase their SR to natural hazards in the urban regions. Evidence in literature and case studies from Bangladesh suggests that integrative BBLSNs are more effective than disintegrative ones to promote social processes that, in turn, increase their SR to the natural hazards, thus achieving SDGs.
This articlе providеs a concisе ovеrviеw of thе critical thеmеs and discussions, which sееks to dеlvе dееp into thе stratеgiеs, challеngеs, and innovativе solutions for fostеring urban rеsiliеncе in an еra dеfinеd by climatе changе. This articlе in thе facе of climatе changе has thе potеntial to significantly contributе to thе acadеmic discoursе by offеring a comprеhеnsivе undеrstanding of thе multifacеtеd challеngеs posеd by climatе changе in urban arеas. By synthеsizing currеnt rеsеarch and еmpirical еvidеncе, it providеs a nuancеd ovеrviеw of kеy thеmеs and discussions in thе fiеld. Morеovеr, thе articlе's focus on еffеctivе stratеgiеs, innovativе solutions, has thе potеntial to sеrvе as a valuablе rеsourcе for urban plannеrs, policymakеrs, and rеsеarchеrs sееking to еnhancе urban rеsiliеncе.
This study examines the impact of various adversities—including racism, indirect adversity, loss of a loved one, and adverse police contact—on psychological and physical health outcomes such as sleep quality, depressive symptoms, serious illness, and self-reported health. Additionally, it investigates how economic, educational, social, and spiritual capital moderate these effects, with attention to racial differences. Leveraging a sample of 1139 participants from the 1995 Detroit Area Study, analyses reveal nuanced effects of adversity, with the impact being neutralized, attenuated, or amplified by coping capacities. Economic and educational supports generally provide protective health benefits, while social and religious supports reveal complex, sometimes divergent effects. Subgroup analyses reveal racial differences: for instance, Black individuals face a higher likelihood of developing a serious illness in connection with adverse police encounters, and White individuals benefit from liquid assets in buffering depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the need for multifaceted, context-sensitive health interventions and policies that enhance economic stability, educational opportunities, and mental health services, while strengthening social and spiritual support systems to build resilience and mitigate the adverse health effects of these adversities.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between flood safety awareness and the vulnerability/resilience associated with flood damage, focusing on the characteristics of regions that have experienced floods. Specifically, this study addresses the following research questions: (1) How does flood safety awareness vary among regions with different levels of vulnerability and resilience? (2) What patterns emerge in the relationship between regional characteristics and residents' flood safety awareness? A fuzzy analysis was used by selecting structural and social indicators to analyze vulnerability and resilience. A survey was conducted for each region to assess flood safety awareness among residents. The analysis results showed that vulnerability and resilience exhibit three distinct patterns according to regional characteristics, which correspond to the flood safety awareness of residents. Regions with low vulnerability and high resilience demonstrated high safety awareness, whereas regions with high vulnerability and low resilience demonstrated low safety awareness. This study lies in its comparative analysis of flood safety awareness across different regional contexts and its use of fuzzy analysis to provide a nuanced understanding of vulnerability and resilience. This study accurately identifies problems and regional differences by analyzing vulnerability and resilience and establishing preventive measures that fit regional characteristics. Furthermore, this study provides a guideline for suggesting effective disaster response strategies, contributing new insights into disaster preparedness and community resilience.
SMEs, like other organizations, are subject to risk and change in an uncertain environment today more than ever with the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. That is why this study aims to analyze resilience at a strategic level in organizations and the factors that make up organizational resilience. The analysis starts from the assumption that SMEs need to implement a cultural change to respond to crises and disruptions. From a strategic perspective, the chapter provides the concept of organizational resilience, the elements that make it up, and identifies the necessary actions to carry out more flexible and progressive strategies. The study concludes that SMEs require a cultural change, where the main objective is the creation of innovative and creative environments to face crises, through an adaptation and response system based on strategies that consider the resources and capacities of each productive unit.
The study explored communities’ perceptions on the causes of flood in the Kakum River Basin in the Central Region, Ghana. The study was a descriptive cross- sectional survey and the opinions of 135 of 135 respondents were sought through the administration of questionnaires. The data collected from the field were processed and analysed through the use of IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Opinions were quite varied regarding factors contributing to flood as majority (94.8%) of the respondents believed it is caused by weather activities such as heavy rainfall. It was revealed that 85.2% of the respondents believed they had experienced flood occasionally especially between the months of May and July. Knowledge and perception about the causes of flood are key in solving flood related activities within the river Basin. However, knowledge and perceptions of respondents were quite mixed but majority of the respondents believed the that flood was caused by both natural factors and human activities. It can therefore be concluded that perception by residents in the Kakum RIVER on the causes of flood are quite high; making them to adapt strategies to mitigate flooding disaster. It is recommended that Government should include community members in the flood management processes. In that way community members will be much willing to adhere to warnings and regulations.
В статье рассматриваются некоторые характеристики гибридов в городской теории. Гибрид описывает парадоксальные смешения гетерогенных сущностей, в результате которых образуется постоянно конфликтное, грозящее быть разрушенным целое. Противопоставленная городу природа выступает в качестве такого дестабилизирующего элемента. Включение природы в город продолжает происходить с использованием разнообразных техник контроля и объективного знания. Такая «урбанизация природы» нарушает необходимое гибриду равновесие, превращая его в несимметричную сеть «угнетения» природы. Статья рассматривает такие примеры ускользания природы, как зоонозные заболевания и природные катастрофы, которые описываются как не имеющая завершения борьба города и природы. Возможность включения этих феноменов в город связана с артикуляцией социального и политического природы, но также с принятием риска «встречи» в городе с опасным, изменчивым и непредсказуемым. Статья предлагает контуры некоторых техник и знаний, которые устанавливают симметричность гибрида и открывают возможность для непредсказуемых встреч.
The goal of designing convergent technologies, such as food, energy, water, energy security early warning systems (Nexus-EWS), is driven by societal need to adapt to increasing frequency and intensity of extreme hydro-meteorological events (e.g., floods, droughts, heatwaves) differentially distributed across the planet due to accelerating global climate change. Deployment and continual improvement of such convergent technologies may enhance social understanding of coupled food-energy-water systemic interactions, couplings, and processes, which in turn are critically needed for forecasting and managing the social ecological risk accentuated by climate change-induced extreme hydro-meteorological events. This chapter presents a brief review and discussion of Nexus-EWS as convergent technologies and provides promising examples of Nexus-EWS applications with specific focus on Central and South Asian countries, both within countries and across regional scale entities. The scientific and technical challenges for deploying, sustaining, and improving Nexus-EWS to generate accurate early warnings about the risks to secure and safe provision of food, energy, and water and identify early action capabilities are also explored. The growing role of open-sourced big data, such as remotely sensed satellite data and artificial intelligence, and their intersection with traditional security dimensions are discussed. Geopolitical and ethical issues arising from the deployment of convergent technologies such as Nexus-EWS are presented to inform the future research and policy action needs and goals.
The text aims to cover the social–environmental vulnerability and adaptive capacity of 31 small cities located in the São Paulo Macrometropolis (SPMM) in the face of climate emergency. To this end, the most significant indicators in terms of vulnerability are analyzed considering extremely urgent actions to adaptation that could occur at the local level and the barriers imposed to those localities related to the necessary adaptation. Given this goal, this chapter draws upon a multivariate analysis methodology that firstly relies on recent literature on the subject and then it works with variables that favor the creation of indicators. Combining indicators in order to build indexes improves the comprehension of vulnerabilities considered in three cumulative and overlapped dimensions (environmental, social, and institutional) and the identification of higher and lower levels of vulnerability intervention priorities considering adaptation. The present barriers to adaptation actions achievement in public accountability are also evaluated. The text ends with an analysis of the remaining challenges to reduce vulnerability in SPMM’s small cities covered in this study.
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