Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought
... At the core of neoliberalism is the idea that substance use, poor health, poverty, or social exclusion are the results of individual failures of the self. This notion of neoliberalism has been criticized for downplaying the role of politics, law, or structural injustices in producing these failures (Moore & Fraser, 2006;Rose, 1999). What neoliberalism attempts to do is to redefine what it means to be human, and how social and power relations are organized through work on the self in different domains, including health (Rose, 1999). ...
... This notion of neoliberalism has been criticized for downplaying the role of politics, law, or structural injustices in producing these failures (Moore & Fraser, 2006;Rose, 1999). What neoliberalism attempts to do is to redefine what it means to be human, and how social and power relations are organized through work on the self in different domains, including health (Rose, 1999). The related notion of healthism encourages and individualizes healthy eating, dieting, and working out to optimize the self, while medicalizing poor health (Crawford, 1980). ...
... Individual decision-making is located at the core of neoliberal discourse (Rose, 1999;Venugopal, 2015). Aligned with that discourse, the participants in this study described how they navigated everyday life through choice. ...
Sweden has a long tradition of restrictive policies regarding both legal (such as alcohol and cigarettes) and illegal substances (such as cannabis and amphetamine). However, research is needed on how regulatory frameworks and cultural understandings of substance use play out in the lives of young adults. Utilizing the logics of critical explanation framework, I explore the different logics that young Swedes draw upon when they conceptualize legal and illegal substance use. The data included 30 interviews with 21/22-year-olds who had previously participated in a prospective cohort study. The analysis shows that substance use played a minor role in the participants’ lives. Overall, it represented an obstacle to becoming an adult with a good life. They drew on social logics related to responsibility, ambition, and health to make sense of substance use, regardless of its legal status. These social logics have been used to explain previous years’ decreased use of cigarettes and alcohol among young people, and this study shows that they may also elucidate why illegal substance use is still rare in this group in Sweden. The analysis further suggests that these social logics were naturalized through the political logics of risk and choice, which emphasize the ideal of always being vigilant and safe. To dig deeper into this discourse, I uncover the emotional and ideological dimensions of the participants’ conceptualizations by discussing how they articulate beatific or horrific futures. The beatific future holds a promise of a bright, independent, and productive life, which includes abstaining from substances or using them moderately and responsibly. The horrific, in turn, holds that careless substance use will lead to social exclusion, addiction, and death. The participants’ hopes and fears strengthened the neoliberal idea that a good life is achieved through choice, vigilance, and by avoiding risk.
... Hasta principios del siglo XIX, solo los ilustres personajes, los adinerados, la nobleza, los héroes legendarios o los santos gozaban del privilegio de que se hablara de su individualidad, de que se la describiera y documentara para la posteridad, en imágenes y por escrito, a través, por ejemplo, de biografías o retratos (Rose 1999). Es hasta entonces que se observa una producción generalizada de la individualidad psicológica: se masifica una mirada que busca definir a los individuos en términos de su singularidad y sus atributos psicológicos, y se vuelca sobre el cuerpo social en toda su extensión. ...
... Es hasta entonces que se observa una producción generalizada de la individualidad psicológica: se masifica una mirada que busca definir a los individuos en términos de su singularidad y sus atributos psicológicos, y se vuelca sobre el cuerpo social en toda su extensión. De manera enfática, se posa sobre aquellos sujetos que ocupan los márgenes y los extremos inferiores del orden social en el pujante capitalismo industrial: delincuentes, locas y locos, indigentes y deficientes mentales habrían de ser objeto de gran cantidad de proyectos complicados cuyo será documentar la singularidad de estos sujetos, registrarla y clasificarla, disciplinar la diferencia (Rose 1999). Ser observado y descrito detalladamente dejó entonces de ser un privilegio de ilustres para tornarse un medio de gestión y control poblacional. ...
... Un ejemplo paradigmático de las tecnologías de gestión psicológica lo encontramos en el desarrollo de la psicometría y, como caso prototípico, en los test de inteligencia. El test funciona como un instrumento semiótico que permite materializar la mente; objetivarla, hacerla visible, calculable y manejable (Rose 1999). Este instrumento hace posible capturar y estabilizar cualidades del comportamiento y la mente que de otra forma serían efímeras e inestables. ...
... Access to citizenship rights has long depended on social identity (Glenn 2011;Nelson 2013), but it has also recently become a conditional relationship, through which one must earn rights from the state instead of inheriting them (Somers 2008;Wacquant 2009:335). To do so, one must prove that they are deserving, self-disciplined, and not dependent on the state for survival; otherwise, they risk losing citizenship rights (Decoteau 2013;Foucault 1990;Mead 1986;Petryna 2004;Rose 1999Rose , 2000Soss, Fording, and Schram 2011;Underman et al. 2017;Wacquant 2009). Thus, the ability to perform a certain subjecthood has critical consequences for a subject's rights. ...
... Miller and Stuart argue that, even though carceral citizens have additional behavioral expectations or obligations, carceral citizens are automatically legible as such upon (presumed) criminal legal conviction. Still, many scholars have shown how performance is essential for accessing citizenship rights in other contexts (Arendt 1973;Decoteau 2013;Petryna 2004;Rose 1999;Underman et al. 2017). Performance is especially fraught during in-between or liminal moments, such as being on probation or awaiting trial, where people are constantly being evaluated. ...
Poverty governance literature details how systems of control loom over marginalized populations as a form of social management. In this paper, I contribute a theory of liminal punishment to explain one form of poverty governance that uses tools of control enacted on individuals or groups who are documented within a system of punishment but have not yet faced adjudication. Through liminal punishment, the state prepares individuals for adjudication by conditioning people into the treatment they should expect when becoming formally enmeshed in the punishment system. Using 58 interviews with people charged with felonies in Chicago's Cook County, I first show how individuals charged with (and not yet convicted of) a felony face informal punishment via release conditions, financial instability, and interactions with state actors. Then, I illustrate how the constant threat of re-incarceration from state actors creates a specter of jail, or a psychological tool that coerces individuals into performances of deservingness. Finally, I demonstrate how people respond to this specter of jail through severe self-governance, often going beyond the formal regulations required by the state. This work contributes to theories of poverty governance and liminality, as well as empirical work on pretrial release and surveillance.
... Related to this is the notion that neoliberalism governs people through freedom (Dean, 2002;Rose, , 1999Rose, , 2017). Freedom appears not merely as a neoliberal rhetorical tactic of persuasion but as a condition for power. ...
... At first look, empirical harmonization between the various findings seems plausible. Yet, when considering the unique contribution of the governmentality matrix, as subjects of power (Lemke, 2001;O'Malley, 2009;Rose, 1999). This theoretical inconsistency appears, for instance, as affective governmentality is treated at once as a technique of governance used by powerful actors, and as something that "constitutes subjects" (Bajde & Rojas-Gaviria, 2021, p. 495), adding an affective dimension to the formative role of discourse in constituting consumers in their freedom as responsible "economically rational neoliberal subjects" (ibid, p. 505). ...
The concept of consumer responsibilization challenges conventional thinking around responsible consumption, draws attention to its political dimensions, and situates the emergence of responsible consumers within the realm of neoliberal governance. In this article, we critique and amend the theoretical anchoring of consumer responsibilization in the concept of governmentality and the Foucauldian theory of power that underpins it. We argue that governmental theorizing implies flattening the power relationship between the state, the market and consumers, and that it thereby marginalizes and eclipses the top-down exercise of power under neoliberal governance. This produces theoretical inconsistencies in the transformative consumer literature on responsibilization that risk impeding theory development and silencing critical empirical trajectories. At worst, it may end up reifying the neoliberal governance it sets out to scrutinize. We draw on Karl Polanyi’s writings to advance a critical political economy perspective on consumer responsibilization designed to address these concerns. We develop these ideas by introducing the concept of “embedded responsibilization” to the field of consumer research. Theorizing responsible consumption as being embedded in the Polanyian sense will solidify consumer responsibilization as a theoretically consistent transformative research project and encourage necessary trajectories for empirical research on responsibilization.
... Conversely, those who fail to meet the terms of this normalised and, for that matter, unsolicited social debt must enact responsibilised self-care. Only then can they make "a contribution for the sake of society" (Roberson, 1995, p. 307) and, in turn, achieve a better quality of life (Rose, 1999). It is well-noted, however, that the window of opportunity to enact 'right' from 'wrong' is finite (Hamaaki et al., 2013;Runnebaum, 2016: Kawanishi, 2020, driving scores of households to private and shadow education to carve out a competitive edge. ...
... Kenji's desire to showcase his language proficiency and experiences for evaluation implies his awareness of conforming to panoptic discipline whereby shakaijin regulate their conduct in anticipation of professional observation and assessment (Foucault, 1982). In Hana's case, corporate Japan's perceived demand for English embeds disciplinary surveillance, reflecting an internalisation of market norms and the influence of governmentality on shaping entrepreneurial choices and conduct (Rose, 1999). Indeed, framing English as the "least", a "given", or "necessary" for international work encapsulates an entrepreneurial 'affective regime', where, following neoliberalism's exploitation of self-care (Foucault, 2005), "an ethical 42 imperative where becoming a linguistic entrepreneur is seen as the responsibility of an ideal neoliberal subject" (De Costa et al., 2016, p. 696). ...
This thesis explores the educational trajectories of Japanese students at an ‘élite’—and, thus, highly prestigious—Top Global University Project (TGUP) institution. Within Japan’s ‘enterprise society’, neoliberal reform scaffolds educational transitions, with few, if any, existing studies tracing Japanese character-building in terms of lived market subjectivities—a gap that this project, in part, seeks to address. Drawing on Foucault’s governmentality and operationalised through interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), findings indicate that neoliberal trajectories are shaped by three broad aspects: strategic awareness and choice during educational transitions; the competitive culture fostered by shadow education, quantification, and the race to secure ‘élite’ higher education; and the regionalised and performative aspects of vocational recruitment. Placing these themes within Japanese society’s ‘bigger picture’, learner testimonies underscore the pervasive influence of neoliberalism within Japanese education, emphasising self-discipline, competitiveness, and marketability. Specifically, as learners transition from shōnen/shōjo (youth) to seinen (social adolescence) and shakaijin (social adulthood), the pressure to conform to market-driven demands for ‘functional’ human capital intensifies. As such, participants navigate the system pragmatically, focusing on personal gains and market competitiveness. In doing so, they internalise entrepreneurial values, where educational success is essential for economic and social validation.
... Globally, the university funding mechanisms have become increasingly precarious as market-oriented principles are integrated, step by step, into every aspect of the higher education system (Connell, 2013;Marginson & Considine, 2000;Rawolle, Rowlands, & Blackmore, 2017). In this evolving landscape, calculation has emerged as an imperative practice, providing universities with one of their most effective strategies for self-governance (Ball, 2015;Miller, 1994;Rose, 1999). At the heart of every project lies a meticulous calculation of risk management (O'Malley, 2017), forecasting potential financial losses or gains prior to making any decisions. ...
... The autonomy in student recruitment and the avoidance of financial losses were closely intertwined, creating a specific form of governance. While universities were made autonomous in student recruitment and received the corresponding CGS, the DDS created 'responsibilisation' by attributing 'autonomy' to universities, rendering them responsible for their decisions regarding the number and distribution of CSPs across programmes that were previously considered the duty of the state (Miller, 2008;Rose, 1999). This goes beyond the simple argument that universities were more capable than the Department of Education at adjusting their course offerings and manage student places in response to student demand. ...
Calculation has emerged as an imperative practice, providing universities with one of their most effective strategies for self-governance. This norm has significantly influenced university decisions on the availability of places across different disciplines. Utilising the Foucauldian conceptual tool ‘technology of government’, this paper delves into the nuances of self-governance under the Australian Demand-Driven Funding System, which allows universities to admit as many undergraduate students as they desire. This study is based on semi-structured interviews with key policymakers from government and university sectors, and document analysis of government reports, ministerial speeches, and parliamentary Hansard. Two arguments are made in this paper. First, the Demand-Driven Funding System marks a transformation in governing modes, moving from a totalising towards an individualising one. It makes universities autonomous while holding them responsible for their allocation decisions. Second, it argues that the ways universities govern themselves for risk management are driven by calculation processes and practices, where heterogeneous information is formulated into quantifiable data and informative tables to prevent financial losses.
... Rektorerna socialiseras i en viss riktning och blir aktiva subjekt i den sociala praktik de verkar i (Edwards, 2008). Detta ligger i linje med det Rose (1999) beskriver att genom att styras av de sanningsregimer som råder fostras, utvecklas och formas individers subjektiviteter, de blir normaliserande och erbjuder ett sätt att vara. Om en person, i detta fall rektor, inte anpassar sig till den rådande normen ses vederbörande som diskvalificerad och problematisk i den rådande sanningsregimen och blir således i behov av omskolning (Popkewitz & Brennan, 1997). ...
... I den avancerade liberala styrningen blir då den statliga styrningen som mest effektiv när individen är självgående och agerar i enlighet med sitt intresse. Det är själva aktiveringen av individen som är styrningen, det handlar om "governement at a distance" (Rose, 1999). ...
SammanfattningSyftet med denna artikel är att diskutera hur den statliga interventionen Samverkan för bästa skola (SBS) styr rektorer i svensk grundskola. SBS är ett regeringsuppdrag till Skolverket som pågått sedan 2015 och vänder sig till skolor med låga resultat, vilka inte på egen hand förväntas kunna vända denna trend. Artikeln bygger på intervjuer med rektorer i grundskolan som deltagit i SBS. Ett resultat i studien är att rektorerna generellt är osäkra i sitt ledarskap och välkomnar det statliga stödet som handlar om att utveckla det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet. Enligt Foucault (2008) innebär detta att staten genom olika maktteknologier styr och reglerar rektorernas beteende i syfte att elevers kunskapsutveckling ska öka och ge högre resultat. Idén om effektiv intervention är en central aspekt inom den evidensbaserade praktiken, dvs. att administrera en behandling för att uppnå en viss effekt (Biesta, 2007). Denna rörelse är ett internationellt fenomen som bygger på ett tayloristiskt synsätt som vuxit fram sedan 1990-talet med sanktionssystem och offentlig rangordning av utbildning (Uljens, 2021a, 2021b). Forskning om tänkbara konsekvenser av SBS är ännu begränsad varför denna studie kan bidra genom analys av insamlat empiriskt material. ENGLISH ABSTRACT “It was like hacking with a machete in the beginning – now we are refining it” – A study of Collaboration for Best School as a governance technology The purpose of this article is to discuss how the state intervention Collaboration for the Best School (CBS) governs principals in Swedish compulsory schools. CBS is a government assignment to the Swedish National Agency for Education which has been ongoing since 2015, and targets schools with low results that are not expected to be able to reverse this trend on their own. The article is based on interviews with compulsory school principals who have participated in SBS. One result of the study is that the principals are generally insecure in their leadership and welcome the government’s support, which especially focuses on developing the systematic quality work. According to Foucault (2008), this means that the state through various technologies of power controls and regulates the principals’ behavior, in order to increase students’ knowledge development and produce higher grades. The idea of effective intervention is a central aspect within evidence-based practice, i.e. administering a treatment to achieve a certain effect (Biesta, 2007). This is an international phenomenon based on a Taylorist approach that has emerged since the 1990s with sanction system and public ranking of education (Uljens, 2021a, 2021b). Research on possible consequences of CBS is still limited, therefore this study can contribute in this field through analysis of collected empirical material.
... Table 1. A typology of technologies of power, self, modes of reasoning, and practical rationalities (compiled from inter alia Foucault 1984;Rose, 1999). The purpose of these analyses was not to assume the moral high ground of pointing out wrongs and rightdoings but rather to demonstrate the mechanisms of dominant discourses, that everyone is subject to them, and that critical engagement with and interrogation of them are an active step toward agency, liberation, and possible change. ...
... Additionally, as part of the first phase in understanding the relevant concepts for a genealogical analysis, I also read widely on the various technologies of power, of the self, as well as their modes of rationalizations to compile a typography of these technologies, as outlined in Table 1 (Foucault, 1961(Foucault, /1989Foucault, 1975Foucault, /1977Foucault, 1984;Foucault, 1988;Foucault, 1997;Foucault, 2000;Foucault, 2005;Nietzsche, 1880Nietzsche, /2015Rauch van der Merwe, 2019;Rose, 1999). ...
Introduction/Frame: (Contextualization/Justification) Viewing curriculum as discourse can enable educators to identify how historical markers of discrimination are repeated. Historical markers are archaeologically embedded in the various dimensions of a curriculum and find expression in preferred ways of thinking, speaking, doing, and being. Such historical hypernorms are often maintained by practical rationalities, or technologies of power that reify their taken-for-granted legitimacy as ‘truth regimes’. Research Question/Objectives: This phase of the study aimed to critically explore and disclose how the (socio/politico-historically constructed) rules of knowledge-formation in a contemporary occupational therapy curriculum-as-discourse, are reproduced and maintained as truths at a university that historically supported apartheid in South Africa. Methodology: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) approach was used to systematically craft a genealogy analysis method from foundational Foucauldian theory. Adjacent, a lens of the ‘dimensions of the curriculum’ was employed: i.e., the formal, the informal, the hidden, and the negated curriculum. Various data sources were categorized accordingly, e.g., overarching policy documents; social events; timetables and prescribed texts; physical teaching spaces; espoused values, and underlying assumptions modelled during assessment in teaching and learning spaces. Results: Following the four rules of knowledge-formation that ensued from an archaeology analysis, the contemporary reification of the historical markers was problematised through various technologies of power and self, as well modes of reasoning. Examples are pervasive white demographics of both students and faculty reifying cognitive monopoly and mono-cultural epistemologies; the rationalization of highly ritualized (over)assessment of students suppressing adult-to-adult transactionalism in andragogy practices; the reproduction of mono-cultural epistemologies in clinical training operating in the hidden curriculum. Final considerations: Consciously dismantling the rationalising strategies for the continuation of discriminatory patterns of inclusion and exclusion in a curriculum, can open a space for critical dialogue, disruption, and reconfiguration of a curriculum-as-discourse towards social justice, and epistemic freedom in (higher) education.
... ng of the 21st century, the increase in obesity prevalence led to multiple initiatives and campaigns that, like so many others in the field of health risk prevention, ended up stigmatizing the people they target (Major et al. 2020). Paradoxically, this responds to the neoliberal logic of individual freedoms. From the perspective of governmentality (N. Rose 1999;N. Rose and Miller 2010), neoliberalism mainly sustains its subjectivity in a commercialized logic underpinned by personal responsibility. If an individual is capable of making decisions rationally and autonomously, then they are responsible for the consequences-and this includes decisions made about one's own body (Kwan and Graves 2013, ...
Mobile health (mHealth) applications for weight loss have become increasingly prominent, yet their role in perpetuating weight stigma and fat‐shaming remains underexamined in sociological research. This study investigates how the persuasive discourse within app store descriptions of 95 weight loss apps may contribute to stigmatizing narratives about fatness and body weight. Drawing on qualitative content analysis, we identify two primary mechanisms of stigmatization: (1) the lack of body diversity in app imagery, which reinforces narrow esthetic norms and ideals; and (2) the moralization of body weight, whereby fatness is implicitly or explicitly associated with personal failure and social undesirability. We also highlight how the commercial imperatives driving these apps often promote a neoliberal logic of individual responsibility and bodily optimization, framing health as a market‐driven pursuit. Recognizing the stigmatizing potential of commercial mHealth tools is essential for mitigating harm and promoting more inclusive and equitable representations of bodies in digital health culture and public health discourse.
... Among the many challenges to experts in recent decades (Crease 2023; Huising 2023), two have been salient in terms of the role of valuation: on the one hand, challenges from the public who deem experts as insensitive or ignorant of the real needs and experiences of laypeople, particularly local communities and marginalized groups from which they appear detached, secluded, and unmindful (Callon et al. 2011;Epstein 1995;Reich 2016). On the other hand, the growing influence of economic thinking and financial logics in public life has eroded experts' ability to place their authority above financial considerations and sustain that their valuations are more meaningful than those of cold hard money (Babb 2001;Fourcade et al. 2015;Hirschman and Berman 2014;Rose 1999). Indeed, quantification and monetary valuation have become increasingly frequent molds to measure other forms of worth, gaining traction even in areas where economic value is very uncertain (Chiapello 2015;Fourcade 2011;Lamont 2012). ...
Many experts are increasingly being tasked with bridging or reconciling different forms of value. How do experts handle valuations that conflict with their own? Drawing on in-depth interviews with Mexican historic heritage officials and secondary sources, we analyze the case of state historic preservation experts in Mexico who managed the restoration of over two thousand churches and chapels damaged by two earthquakes in 2017. Communities that used the temples valued the heritage primarily for its religious and everyday social significance, while insurance representatives saw it in economic terms, and preservation officials valued it for its historic significance, respect for original construction, and technical qualities. In this context, preservation experts sought to align these conflicting values, reducing the value dissonances and precariously making them compatible. In this aligning, they mobilized their authority differently with various actors. With local communities, they downplayed their expert authority, emphasizing dialogue and empathy, even as congregations sometimes jeopardized preservation efforts with unauthorized repairs. Preservation officials aligned their valuation of heritage with economic value more reluctantly. When dealing with insurance adjusters, preservation officials wielded their technical expertise to advocate for their vision of restoration funding. However, the practical challenges of damage evaluation and the complexity of heritage monuments facilitated aligning valuations with insurance. This article contributes to the intersections of the sociologies of valuation, expertise, and money.
... 4.5 months) was not enough to achieve this effect, we referred to social perceptions of school, students and teachers since in Poland we mostly deal with the traditional model of education. As Kinpaisby-Hill (2011) noted, the PA is permanently anchored in some concepts of personhood, social participation and social justice, which are "technologies of the social" (Fendler, 2001;Petersen & Millei, 2016) or tools of the bio-politics ("power of freedom') produced by "psy disciplines" (Rose, 1999). ...
This paper will present research findings on implementing a course for higher education pedagogy students using participatory approaches (PA) to digital learning. The ‘Participatory Approaches’ course was designed at the University of Lodz and started for the first time during the social lockdown restrictions imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the course was planned as fully digital. This article will present the experiences of 140 students who selected the course called Participatory Approaches—Research and Practice in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. This qualitative study utilized in-depth, semi-structured group interviews to explore the subjective experiences and perspectives of students on working using PA to digital learning. Student response notes were analyzed according to the classical variant of grounded theory. In addition, the lecturers used their observation notes, which were collected throughout the course. The observations had a supporting function and were used to supplement the data from the recordings. The analysis of empirical material identified the challenges, difficulties and limitations of using PA to learn digitally. The analysis of the empirical material allowed us to generate three main categories that had been identified by analyzing students’ experiences. These areas are perceived as significant when PA is used for digital learning, namely, participatory digital learning environment, blurring the boundaries, and digital inequality. Analysis of the material allowed Building a Small-Scale Theory on Using the PA in DL.
... Im Kontext postmoderner Subjektivierungsdiskurse (Foucault, 1983;Rose, 1999) bleibt auch die Frage zu stellen, ob Selbstgestaltung tatsächlich eine Form der Befreiung ist -oder ob sie lediglich die internalisierte Fortsetzung jener Machtmechanismen darstellt, die sie zu überwinden vorgibt. Foucaults Konzept der "Technologien des Selbst" macht deutlich, dass Selbstführung nicht im luftleeren Raum geschieht, sondern in ein Netz aus Normen, Diskursen und Machtrelationen eingebettet ist. ...
Inmitten wachsender Krisenerfahrungen der Arbeits- und Lebensgestaltung entfaltet dieser Beitrag eine philosophisch-anthropologische Perspektive auf die gegenwärtige Erosion sinnstiftender Orientierung. Ausgehend von der Diagnose einer funktionalistischen Verengung des Subjektbegriffs im Rahmen des „9-to-5“-Modells
und einer kritischen Analyse der neoliberalen Überhöhung des Berufungsideals, wird
ein drittes Deutungsangebot entwickelt: das Konzept des Lebens als Werk.
Aufbauend auf Denkfiguren von Jaspers, Arendt, Frankl, Rosa und Merleau-Ponty
begreift der Artikel den Menschen als resonanzfähiges, poietisches Wesen, das sich in
rhythmischer Selbstführung und gestalterischer Verantwortung verwirklicht. Der
Beitrag analysiert die ontologischen, ethischen und kulturellen Implikationen dieser
Synthese und diskutiert Anschlussmöglichkeiten für Bildung,
Organisationsentwicklung, Wirtschaftsethik und spirituelle Praxis. Abschließend
werden posthumanistische und kybernetische Gegenperspektiven kritisch
eingebunden, um die Grenzen und Potenziale eines nicht-instrumentellen
Subjektmodells im 21. Jahrhundert auszuloten.
... Un modo particular del gobierno que actúa en la reinvención de lo social (Rose, 1996) donde la comunidad se vuelve locus de gobierno y el sujeto capital humano. Así, señalaría Rose (1999) que de los procesos históricos que dieron lugar a la gubernamentalización del Estado que Foucault alojaba en el siglo XIX, asistiríamos a gubernamentalización en sí (ver también Rose, 1996Rose, , 2007O'Malley, 2007). Esto es un proceso donde la gubernamentalidad quedaría asociada al individuo emprendedor y empoderado, donde las lógicas del accountability (Sisto, 2020; Fallabella y de la Vega, 2016) nos volverían responsables por éxitos y fracasos. ...
Nuestros reclamos ahora son otros´: Gubernamentalidad managerial y derechas anti-estado". Silvia Grinberg / pp. 142-155-ARTÍCULO-Entramados, Vol. 11, Nº16, julio-diciembre 2024, ISSN 2422-6459 142 "Nuestros reclamos ahora son otros": Gubernamentalidad managerial y derechas anti-estado "Our claims are different now": Managerial governmentality and the anti-state right Silvia Grinberg 1 ARK AICYT: https://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s24226459/vtgka2o0 Resumen A través de la producción audiovisual Nuestros reclamos ahora son otros, realizada por estudiantes de una escuela secundaria emplazada en un asentamiento precario de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA), proponemos acercarnos a una historia de un presente signados por las pujas por la inclusión por un lado y la precarización de la vida de vastísimos sectores de la población, por el otro. Proponemos una crítica de las condiciones históricas que nos hacen ser quienes somos (Foucault, 2009), donde unos reclamos que ahora son otros, formulados y tramitados en la escuela, se mueven entre las luchas del pasado y las deudas del presente. Las regiones más diversas del globo han vivido la progresiva expansión y masificación de la escolarización que ocurrió al compás de una urbanización crecientemente fragmentada que, para muchos, se ha traducido en segregación. Unas dinámicas que funcionan como inclusión excluyente que, como lo discutiremos, se han ido amontonando como desconfianza y fastidio del estado. Empleos, escuelas, salud, urbes precarizadas que han visto crecer a una población que está fuera sin estarlo componen una escena que conforma parte integral de las retóricas anti-estado. Palabras clave: Derecha anti-estado, gubernamentalidad managerial, derechos, educación Abstract A present marked by the struggle for inclusion, on the one hand, and the precarisation of life, on the other, is discussed through the audiovisual production "Our demands are now others", made by students of a secondary school located in a slum of the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (RMBA). A critique of the historical conditions that make us who we are (Foucault, 2009), where the demands that have become others, formulated and processed in school, move between the struggles of the past and the debts of the present. In the most diverse regions, schooling has expanded alongside urban fragmentation, resulting in many different forms of segregation. Dynamics that function as exclusionary inclusion and that have accumulated as mistrust and anger towards the state. A scene that is an integral part
... To attend to this question, I draw on a theoretical framework of white possessive securitization to understand how food spaces are surveilled and securitized (Daborn 2022). In extending Geonpul critical Indigenous theorist Aileen Moreton-Robinson's crucial theorization of white possession and possessive logics, I consider how maintaining the security of white possession is an integral undertaking of white possessive logics (Esposito 2013;Estes 2019;Foucault 2009;Hage 2000;Harris 1993;Kolopenuk 2020;Leroux 2019;Moreton-Robinson 2015;Rose 2004;TallBear 2013). White possessive securitization is a process that operates individually, structurally, and systemically, and as a theoretical framework it aids in analyzing how whiteness structures possession and securitization of food. ...
In this research I interrogate how metrics of food insecurity rely on indexes of deprivation, of which Indigeneity is deemed an indicator of social deprivation. I engage the fields of critical Indigenous studies, critical whiteness studies, and Indigenous science, technology, and society. I argue that social deprivation indexes produce and surveil “deprived” geographic food zones according to metrics of whiteness. I make three central arguments through the empirical context of food insecurity interventions for Indigenous people in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. First, accounting for food insecurity through social deprivation indexes produces food insecurity because it does not accurately depict sources of food outside of what has been deemed appropriate (see: “healthy”) through logics of whiteness. Second, solely imagining food insecurity through logics of social deprivation results in interventions of whiteness, which overdetermines how inner-city urban space is designed, surveilled, and made carceral. Third, if food studies does not interrogate and make serious efforts to undo its own whiteness, it will continue to be deficient in its renderings and understanding of food geographies beyond whiteness.
... Tania Li (2022) describes a process within development of "rendering technical": "the practices through which experts define a problem and circumscribe its boundaries in such a way that social forces can be managed, and technical solutions applied". Rendering technical involves making certain elements of a situation visible by "defining boundaries, rendering that within them visible, assembling information about that which is included" (Li 2007: 7) and ensuring that those elements are ''investigated, mapped, classified, documented, interpreted" (Rose 1999:175 cited in Li 2007. And it also involves making other elements invisible: "excluded" or "filtered out" (Li 2007: 124, 126) such as elements relating to power and politics. ...
Digitally-enabled uplands research – the use of new digital datasets, techniques and technologies to investigate hill and mountain areas – is on the rise. This paper reviews this use within a bounded body of literature that is dominated by scientific research. While acknowledging the value that digital can bring to research, it draws out two main implications.
First, the research contributes to a “rendering technical” of uplands. Uplands problems are framed and solved in technical terms. An a-theoretical scientific datafication removes depth and detail from the true complexity of uplands, and breaches supposed objectivity by making decisions about what knowledge to include and exclude, and about what to render visible and invisible. One impact is a de-humanisation of the uplands in which uplands stakeholders are not represented or involved in any part of the research process.
Second, the research is a form of “adverse digital incorporation” in which data is extracted to the sole observable benefit of researchers who come to speak on behalf of uplands. The paper ends by drawing out some principles for future research, presented in the form of a checklist of questions that researchers on hill and mountain regions could apply to their projects.
... A population is a commonly understood and even taken for granted concept that presupposes a set of instruments authorized and able to collect and provide "facts" about it. In many nation-states, a formal census fulfils this powerful role, shaping the specific fields of public policy interventions (health, wellbeing, housing, employment, etc.) into national citizenry (see generally Curtis 2001;Dean 1999;Rose 1999; also see Scott et al. 2002). And it is precisely within this context of governing that the rationalities, programs and technologies of governance require a vast and detailed knowledge of its citizens' collective characteristics. ...
... Et annet konsept han tok i bruk og relaterer til motstand, er selvteknikker, «techniques of the self», slik som å følge dietter eller skrive dagbøker (Johansson & Vinthagen, 2020, s. 66). Men disse teknikkene kan minne mer om maktteknikker som en utøver over seg selv, noe han også har blitt kritisert for (se for eksempel Rose 1999). Min hensikt har i denne avhandlingen vaert å behandle motstand som et eget ontologisk fenomen separert fra makt, men samtidig sammenvevd med makt. ...
Sammendrag
I dagens samfunn stilles det store forventninger til foreldrerollen, og det å tilegne seg
ekspertkunnskap har blitt selvsagt for dagens foreldre. Det rådende foreldreskapsidealet er
barnesentrert og intensivt langs flere linjer: det er økonomisk kostbart, emosjonelt krevende,
og den tette oppfølgingen av barna er tidsintensiv. Samtidig som det finnes mye kunnskap om
foreldrepraksisers betydning for barns velferd, har det også blitt rettet kritikk mot at det er en
fare for å behandle foreldreskap som et kontekstløst fenomen.
Denne avhandlingen har en kritisk og problematiserende tilnærming, og handler om hva som
skjer når barnevernet nettopp forsøker å få foreldre til å endre seg i tråd med dominerende
kunnskap og normer for hva som utgjør godt foreldreskap. Relasjoner mellom foreldre med
ulik klassebakgrunn og barnevernet er et sentralt analytisk utgangspunkt, og den overordnede
problemstillingen er: Hvordan utspiller normer for foreldreskap seg i en norsk
barnevernskontekst?
Det empiriske materialet for studien består av en spørreundersøkelse besvart av 256 foreldre i
kontakt med barnevernet, samt kvalitative intervjuer med 37 av disse foreldrene. I tillegg inngår
kvalitative intervjuer med 16 barnevernsarbeidere som var i kontakt med 21 av de samme
foreldrene. I en av artiklene blir én families kontakt med barnevernet benyttet som empirisk
utgangspunkt, og her inngår det også et intervju med barnet i familien sammen med foreldrenes
og barnevernsarbeiderens intervju.
Avhandlingen består av fire artikler. I Artikkel 1 undersøkte vi om det var sammenheng mellom
foreldrenes sosioøkonomiske status og deres foreldreskapspraksiser. Analysene viste både
foreldre med høy og lav sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn, svarte at de hadde høy grad av
involverende / positive foreldrepraksiser, noe som kan sies å være i tråd med dagens
foreldreskapsidealer. Men analysene viste også at lav sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn likevel var
assosiert med noe høyere grad av positive / involverende foreldrepraksiser enn for foreldre med
høy sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn. Dette viser et litt annet mønster enn det som har vært rapportert
for den generelle populasjonen av foreldre som ikke har kontakt med barnevernet.
I artikkel 2 blir normer for foreldreskap tematisert med utgangspunkt i to barnevernsarbeideres
narrativer om én middelklassefamilie hver som de har vært i kontakt med i sitt arbeid. Analysen
viser hvordan de ofte tatt-for-gitte middelklassenormene kan spilles ut i barnevernets
konstruksjoner av foreldrenes identitet. Begge familiene posisjoneres som ressurssterke, og
barnevernsarbeidernes narrativer viser kjønnede og klassede beskrives av foreldrene, som
sammenfaller med dominerende normer for intensivt morskap. Analysene viser hvordan
(middelklasse)idealet for foreldreskap normaliseres, noe som også involverer konteksten for
foreldreskapet, slik som eksempelvis levekår. Foreldrene gis stort aktørskap, og barnevernet
får en noe mindre rolle. Metaforisk så vi på interaksjonen slik den utspilte seg, som seremonier
som opprettholder foreldrenes status.
Artikkel 3 handler om uintenderte konsekvenser dreiningen mot foreldreskapet kan få i
interaksjonen mellom barnevernet og familier som har komplekse levekårs- og
helseutfordringer. Artikkelen er basert på intervjuer med foreldre, barn og saksbehandler i
samme barnevernssak, og viser hvordan normer for foreldreskap kan utspille seg som en
kraftfull form for makt, på tross av gode intensjoner. Stigma som fenomen kommer til uttrykk
i kategoriseringer og nedvurderinger av foreldrene, og er også tett sammenvevd med politiske
beslutninger om økonomisk omfordeling. Foreldrenes (og barnets) perspektiver ble devaluert,
og barnevernet la til en viss grad begrensinger for deres aktørskap. Samtidig var det rom for å
utfordre stigma: Barnevernsarbeideren demonstrerte noe refleksivitet knyttet til sine moralske
nedvurderinger av foreldrenes livsstil, og foreldrene gjorde også motstand mot stigmamakten
de opplevde.
Mens de tre første artiklene på ulikt vis tematiserer normenes formative potensiale i
barnevernskonteksten, vier jeg artikkel 4 til å først og fremst tematisere foreldrenes rom for å
handle annerledes. Fenomenet hverdagsmotstand blir utforsket både empirisk og teoretisk.
Foreldrene i utvalget gjør motstand mot intervensjoner (eller mangler på det) og mot å bli
posisjonert som ikke-vitende i interaksjon med barnevernet. De gjør motstand mot normer for
foreldreskap, eksemplifisert med normer knyttet til hvordan gå kledd, psykologisering og
profesjonalisering av foreldreskapet, og normer for matlaging. Motstand betyr ikke
nødvendigvis at foreldre er misfornøyde med barnevernet som helhet, eller at de tar total
avstand fra rådende normer for foreldreskap. Jeg argumenterer for at motstand bør bli akseptert
og anerkjent som en viktig og naturlig del av dynamikken i barnevernet, og som et uttrykk for
agens som det er viktig å ta på alvor.
Samlet sett kan barnevernets rolle i samfunnet sees som del av en del av en lengre historisk
prosess for sivilisering av foreldreskapet. Avhandlingens kan leses som et bidrag til å tilby
kunnskapsalternativer, og siviliseringsperspektivet dreier seg ikke om hvorvidt barnevernets
intervensjoner er legitime eller ikke. Avhandlingen har illustrert at det naturligvis er mange
prosesser som foregår samtidig, og normer for foreldreskap utspiller seg på ulikt vis i møte
mellom ulike foreldre og barnevernet. Foreldre generelt synes imidlertid å tilegne seg de
rådende normene for godt foreldreskap. Samtidig viser avhandlingen at å behandle motstand
som et eget ontologisk fenomen, også åpner opp for andre kunnskapsalternativer enn det å først
og fremst studere maktutøvelse, noe som lenge har vært en tradisjon innen kritisk
barnevernsforskning. Med dette håper jeg å kunne bidra til å i større grad forene
motstandsstudier og sosialt arbeid, og med det bidra til å «åpne opp» motstand som fenomen i
sosialt arbeid.
Summary
In today's society, the expectations of parenthood are high, and acquiring expert knowledge has
become second nature for modern parents. The prevailing ideal of parenting is child-centered
and intensive in multiple dimensions: it requires financial investment, emotional involvement,
and time-consuming oversight of children’s activities. While there is extensive knowledge
about the importance of parental practices for children's well-being, critiques have also
emerged about the risks of viewing parenting as a decontextualized phenomenon.
This dissertation adopts a critical and exploratory approach, examining what occurs when child
welfare services seek to guide parents toward changes aligned with prevailing norms and
knowledge on good parenting. The study’s analytical focus is on relationships between parents
from various socioeconomic backgrounds and child welfare services, framed by the
overarching research question: How do parenting norms unfold within a Norwegian child
welfare context?
The empirical material consists of survey responses from 256 parents involved with child
welfare services, as well as qualitative interviews with 37 of these parents. Additionally,
qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 child welfare workers who had interactions with
21 of the same parents. One of the articles focuses on one family's experience with child welfare
services as an empirical case study, including an interview with the child, alongside interviews
with the parents and the child welfare worker.
The dissertation comprises four articles. In Article 1, we examine the relationship between
parents' socioeconomic status and their parenting practices. The analysis demonstrated that
both parents with high and low socioeconomic backgrounds reported high levels of involved
and positive parenting practices, consistent with modern parenting ideals. However, the
analysis also indicated that parents with lower socioeconomic backgrounds displayed slightly
higher levels of positive and involved parenting practices compared to parents with higher
socioeconomic backgrounds. This finding diverges somewhat from patterns observed in the
general population of parents not in contact with child welfare services.
In Article 2, parenting norms are explored through narratives from two child welfare workers
about their work with middle-class families. The analysis revealed how assumed middle-class
norms can shape child welfare's constructions of parental identity. Both families were portrayed
as resourceful, and the child welfare workers’ narratives reflected gendered and classed
descriptions of the parents, aligning with the dominant ideal of intensive motherhood. The
analysis demonstrated how the (middle-class) parenting ideal is normalized, extending beyond
parental behaviors to include contextual aspects like living conditions. The parents were
granted considerable agency, while child welfare services assumed a more background role.
We interpreted these interactions metaphorically as status maintenance ceremonies.
Article 3 addresses unintended consequences that can arise when child welfare services
emphasize parenting in their interactions with families facing complex living and health
challenges. Based on interviews with parents, children, and caseworkers involved in the same
case, this article shows how parenting norms can impose strong forms of control, even when
well-intentioned. Stigmatization occurred through categorizations and derogatory portrayals of
the parents and was deeply intertwined with political decisions on economic redistribution. The
perspectives of both parents and children were often marginalized, with child welfare services
potentially placing constraints on the family members’ agency. However, there were also
opportunities to challenge this stigma: the child welfare worker exhibited some reflexivity
about their moral judgments of the parents' lifestyle, and the parents resisted the stigmatization
they experienced.
While the first three articles address the formative influence of norms in the child welfare
context from various perspectives, Article 4 primarily examines parents’ capacity to act
differently. This article explores the phenomenon of everyday resistance both empirically and
theoretically. The parents in the sample resisted interventions (or lack thereof) and challenged
being positioned as uninformed or uninvolved in interactions with child welfare services. They
also resisted certain parenting norms, such as expectations around dress, the psychologization
and professionalization of parenting, and norms around cooking. However, resistance does not
necessarily imply that parents are dissatisfied with child welfare services as a whole or that
they entirely reject prevailing parenting norms. Rather, I argue that resistance should be
recognized as a natural, valuable dynamic within child welfare services, representing an
expression of agency that deserves serious consideration.
Viewed as a whole, the role of child welfare services in society may be understood as part of a
broader historical process aimed at civilizing parents. The dissertation can be read as a
contribution to alternative knowledge perspectives, with the civilizing perspective not aiming
to address the legitimacy of child welfare interventions. The dissertation illustrates that while
parenting norms unfold differently across interactions between parents and child welfare
services, parents generally seem to embrace the predominant ideals of good parenting.
Furthermore, by treating resistance as a distinct ontological phenomenon, the dissertation offers
alternative perspectives beyond the traditional focus on power dynamics, which has long been
a central theme in critical child welfare research. In doing so, I hope to foster greater integration
of resistance studies within social work and to “open up” resistance as a recognized
phenomenon in the field.
... Nesse horizonte, ao considerar o impacto das plataformas de mídias sociais nas informações que a sociedade consome, há dois fatores críticos a considerar (Rodotä, 2007). O primeiro é a racionalidade, que envolve a capacidade do indivíduo de compreender e interpretar a realidade para facilitar a análise e a programação (Rose, 1999;Rose & Miller, 2008;Foucault, 2020). O segundo fator é a tecnologia do poder, que engloba o uso de táticas e estratégias para moldar o comportamento e prevenir resultados indesejados (Foucault, 1993). ...
This conceptual study, organized by a literature survey, aims to reflect and
critically observe the impacts and transformations artificial intelligence (AI), supported by algorithm systems and machine learning, has brought to sociocultural relations and processes in contemporary Brazil. It also outlines the concept of responsible artificial intelligence, emphasizing the key role of social participation in the regulatory constructions encompassing the development, application, and social uses of AI. As a result, this study provides an informative theoretical and technical framework that signalizes and discusses some points of attention and recommendations on the expressions of AI in Brazil in a critical and interdisciplinary way. These recommendations can inform and support future interventions and research on the topics in focus.
Keywords: responsible AI; communication; social participation; regulation.
... The Foucauldian technologies of government encompass the medium through which distinct policies are developed and implemented (Olssen, 2016) and provides a useful conceptual lens for grasping the dynamics of public housing in Ghana. According to Rose (1999), technologies of government shape and guide human behaviour and capacities. Thus, as the state discontinued funding SHC and TDC after neoliberal reforms, many public housing projects across the country stalled and eventually failed. ...
... Bringing these two readings together, we can argue that these governing practices in pro grammes were not always determining and were stuttered by children and care givers' incomplete and fluid agency. These perspectives engage governmentality literature on its linear sensibilities around the relationship between political rationalities (how the problem to be governed is defined) and technologies of practice [the practices put in place to respond to the identified gaps] (Rose andMiller, 2010: 273) Hill (2000: 182) cautioned that the governmentality framework does not fully explain how technologies of governance shape experience since children are not homogenous or a monolithic category. She also noted the complex issues in any one site and that the technologies are multiple. ...
... The successful citizen will be one who is resilient to life's shocks, and thereby does not require the state to step in and help their less-than-resilient self. Resiliency could be considered to be one of the required skills in what Nikolas Rose (1999) called governing the soul, a technology of the self, designed to ensure that citizens selfgovern according to the advice of experts and in line with social norms. ...
Editorial in 2 parts: 'Social work, the politics of cruelty and political resistance' by Kendra Cox, Donna Baines, Eileen Joy andLiz Beddoe; and 'On rangatiratanga' by Kendra Cox.
... Miller och Rose verkar inom governmentality-traditionen, vilken bygger på Michel Foucaults (1991,2007,2008) idéer om makt, styrning och subjektsskapande. Denna tradition riktar fokus mot frågor om vad det innebär att styra, hur vi betraktar styrandet av både andra och oss själva samt hur olika populationer och subjekt blir möjliga att styra inom olika samhällskontexter (Miller & Rose, 2008;Rose, 1999; se även Dean, 2010). Centralt för förståelsen av styrning är Foucaults (1991) breda definition av styrning som en typ av orkestrering av andras beteenden och handlingar, vilket kan omfatta allt från styrning av hela populationer -biopolitik -till olika former av självstyrning. ...
Den här texten avser att problematisera den pågående reformeringen av lärarutbildningen i Sverige genom en kritisk läsning och analys av regeringens direktiv till utredaren, där avsikten att höja lärarutbildningens kvalitet och läraryrkets status formuleras. Utifrån Millers och Roses begrepp problematisering undersöks hur problem med den nuvarande lärarutbildningen konstrueras och vilka lösningar och förändringar som därefter framställs som naturliga och nödvändiga. Analysen visar att direktivet inte framställer nuvarande lärarutbildningar som bristfälliga. I stället kopplas problem med kvalitet i lärarutbildningarna samman med brister hos studenterna, bristfälligt samarbete mellan lärosätena samt samhällsförändringar i stort. I diskussionen belyses hur den politiska strävan att förändra lärarutbildningens vetenskapliga grund kan ses som ett steg mot avprofessionalisering av läraryrket. Vidare lyfts risken att höjda antagningskrav och införandet av lämplighetsprov kan leda till att vissa studentgrupper exkluderas, samt vilka konsekvenser en sådan förändring kan medföra.
... Esto es, más allá de revisar las técnicas estadísticas y matemáticas que sustentan los métodos de análisis demográfico, es indagar sobre la manera en que conforman universos políticos a partir de su capacidad para clasificar personas (Rose, 1999 pp.198-200) 9 . De tal manera la relación entre los números y las formas de gubernamentalidad determinan qué medir, cómo medirlo y cómo interpretarlo (Rose, 1999;Porter, 1995). ...
En este artículo propongo, con base en el análisis de los efectos que tienen los números en sus formas demográficas en el multiculturalismo, revisar cómo la relación metodológica entre la etnografía y la demografía sitúa nuevas comprensiones sobre las formas de cuantificación de las poblaciones étnicas. Evidencio cómo las aspiraciones en torno a qué se mide (población, comunidad, territorios, pueblos) y cómo se mide, generan escenarios de disputa en los cuales es fundamental orientar la producción de nuevas demografías que pongan en el centro de observación y en perspectiva colectiva, los sistemas socioculturales de los pueblos y comunidades étnicas en Colombia.
... This circulation is facilitated by various systems and security apparatuses, which work together to regulate behaviours and maintain social order. Through these mechanisms, power deeply permeates the fabric of society, shaping norms, values, and subjectivities (Rose 1999). ...
The proliferation of religious radicalism within Pakistani education has sparked increasing concern, with significant implications both locally and globally. Current scholarship has primarily focused on education policies and textbooks, often overlooking the complex entanglement between the political economy of defence, the influence of military and economic elites, and the particularisation of radical national and religious narratives. This article uses qualitative methods and purposive sampling to explore how these intertwined forces have radicalised education policies and school textbooks. The research reveals a deep historical nexus between the military apparatus, religious groups, and the state's educational agenda, fuelling radical ideologies among public schools and madrassah (religious school) teachers. The article elucidates how these power structures have shaped educational discourse in Pakistan by examining this entanglement through the lens of Foucauldian govern-mentality. The findings underscore the critical societal implications of understanding these dynamics, particularly given teachers' significant role in shaping students' worldviews. This study offers valuable insights for international policy analysts, educators, and scholars concerned with the intersection of defence, politics, and education. ARTICLE HISTORY
... The concept that holding power can induce psychedelic effects aligns with Foucault's exploration of how power operates on both individual and collective levels (Rose, 1999). Participants who controlled Abramovic might have experienced a psychological journey similar to the disorienting and transformative effects associated with psychedelia. ...
The performance art entitled Rhythm 0 by Marina Abramovic is controversial, raising various questions regarding its power and influence in the context of art. This research aims to illustrate the microphysical approach to power in the performing arts Rhythm 0, where power emerges from fear and shifts to the dominance of the ideology of power. A qualitative approach with visual analysis techniques was used in this research to explain the phenomenon of this performing arts from a very subjective view. This created illustration entitled "Psychedelic" reveals false powers in the form of intense hallucinations involving auditory, visual and feeling experiences in the Rhythm 0. The basic principles of art were used as the basis for creating this illustrative work. In this case, the use of gold leaf, peony flower elements and halos in the illustration also has a solid symbolic value, so semiotics is used as a basis for giving meaning to the symbols used. The results of this research show that the apparent power contained in the Rhythm 0 performing arts can be revealed through an illustration entitled "Psychedelic", which describes the context of the artwork in depth. This research contributes to understanding Rhythm 0's artwork and enriches knowledge about using psychedelic illustrations as a medium for artistic expression. This research also highlights how these illustrations can communicate complex themes in the performing arts, strengthening our understanding of power dynamics in arts contexts.
... First, current higher education still emphasises pedagogical approaches that focus on individual achievements, competition, and declarative forms of knowledge (Frisk & Larson, 2011) rather than group competencies, collective learning, agency, and action. A second challenge, especially in FSHE, is interrupting a neoliberal educational paradigm where individuals are expected to implicitly know what constitutes the "common good" (Rose, 1999) and where the society governance and individual choices and freedoms interact and collide. Thus, "good citizenship" in a neoliberal regime emphasises self-responsibility, individualism, and entrepreneurialism (Bondi & Laurie, 2005;Dean, 1999). ...
In undergraduate programs such as Food Systems, collective projects may address issues all along the food chain. Collective action projects acknowledge the limitations of singular, uncoordinated efforts to instigate systemic change to enhance sustainable diets. These projects help students to develop skills to become agents of change in the food system. Collective action requires students to apply a systems approach to identify scales, components, boundaries, stakeholders, and power dynamics of the observed food system. Depending on the educational goal, collective action projects may involve classroom simulations, case studies, and community projects and organising, communication, and project development skills within the student group, class, or between the student group and community stakeholders. In this chapter, we outline the conceptual foundation behind collective action approaches, present successful examples of undergraduate projects, and introduce selected curricular activities that facilitate collective action skill-building.
В статье представлены результаты исследования российских институций современного искусства. Предметом исследования стала реакция этих институций на введение в марте-октябре 2020 года ограничительных мер, связанных с предотвращением распространения коронавируса. В исследовании сделана попытка социологической интерпретации произошедших в работе этих организаций изменений. В то время как негативное влияние пандемии на культурные институции более широко известно профессионалам и не нуждается во взгляде извне, в фокусе внимания данного исследования находятся неожиданные даже для самих практиков последствия, характеризуемые этими практиками как положительные. Эти последствия понимаются здесь как новые формы социальности, которые трактуются с точки зрения теории власти Мишеля Фуко и понятий тактик и стратегий Мишеля де Серто. В статье описываются новые формы социальности, возникшие в период пандемии, а также дается их интерпретация с социологической точки зрения.
The article presents the results of a study on contemporary art institutions in Russia. The subject of the research is the response of these institutions to the restrictive measures imposed in March–October 2020 in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The study suggests a sociological interpretation of the changes that have taken place in the work of the organizations in question.
This chapter introduces the conceptual framework of the book. It presents how state surveillance is defined and referred to throughout the book, and reviews the literature about the external factors (i.e., institutional, technological, and contextual) that influence individuals’ acceptance of state surveillance. The first section, next, presents the chronological evolution of surveillance from the first references in Antiquity all the way through to contemporary times. The second section is dedicated to conceptualizing and defining surveillance in general, and the third section discusses the features of contemporary surveillance. The fourth section sets out how this book conceptualizes state surveillance and the fifth one reviews the literature about individuals and their acceptance of state surveillance. The conclusions summarize the main points raised in this chapter.
While studies of disciplinary power have largely focused on how employees conform, resist, or adapt to organizational norms, less attention has been paid to what happens when normalization efforts fail, leading to exclusion. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, this article examines how top management handles employees who persistently deviate from organizational expectations. Based on an empirical study of managerial responses to two types of deviant employees—underperformers and socially nonconforming individuals—we reveal how exclusion emerges as an escalating process. Initially, managers employ corrective measures aimed at normalization, yet when these efforts prove unsuccessful, they shift toward intensified control, documentation, and ultimately, exclusion. Our findings demonstrate that exclusion is not a failure of disciplinary power but rather its extension, reinforcing organizational norms through the removal of those deemed irredeemably deviant. By conceptualizing exclusion as an active disciplinary mechanism rather than a passive outcome, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of power dynamics in contemporary organizations.
This article is concerned with the ways in which humanitarian imaginaries in post-9/11 Afghanistan have shaped representations of women’s needs as well as programs designed to answer them. Its aim is to examine the ‘dark side’ of care and the politics of worthiness on which humanitarianism relies. In conversation with scholars who have highlighted the disciplinary aspects of care, I show how apparently well-intentioned humanitarian discourses and practices have drawn boundaries within the Afghan population and reinforced nationalist sentiments. I argue that Orientalist imaginaries of Muslim women in need of rescue did not only serve to justify the military intervention but also the presence of international humanitarian organizations. Furthermore, such colonial fantasies have actualized specific regimes of care based on liberal notions of self-empowerment. The technologies of the ‘self’ on which these programs have relied have overlooked the various forms of structural inequalities responsible for triggering crises in the first place and the broader dynamics of violence and abandonment that have marked the history of the West’s engagement with Afghanistan since the 1990s. The return of the Taliban in 2021 should therefore not solely be understood as the mere result of military strategies and political negotiations but also as the outcome of a broader movement of resistance against this humanitarian ideology, locally perceived as a form of cultural imperialism.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão do discurso psicopedagógico sobre a criança em idade pré-escolar que circulou em Portugal, nos anos 40 e 50 do século XX, através da análise de discursos dirigidos às mães veiculados em duas revistas de educação familiar - Os Nossos Filhos e Saúde e Lar. Os nossos resultados evidenciam a existência de uma preocupação com a forma como as crianças eram educadas, assim como a crença de que a educação para a maternidade seria a solução para os problemas que as afetavam. Neste sentido, são difundidas informações sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e as mães são aconselhadas sobre as estratégias que poderiam utilizar para conhecer e educar os seus filhos, assentes no conhecimento científico sobre a criança e a sua educação, funcionando, as revistas, como um veículo de difusão do discurso psicopedagógico sobre a infância junto das mães portuguesas
Resumen El artículo conmemora los cuarenta años de la muerte de Foucault con una pregunta por la crítica y la libertad. Muestra el desplazamiento que hace desde la pregunta por la voluntad de no ser gobernados por los saberes y poderes imperantes, hasta un lugar de resistencia más experiencial: el cuidado de sí. La hipótesis es que Foucault con este desplazamiento justifica aquello que tendría que ser objeto de su crítica: el gobierno liberal que necesita producir incesantemente libertad, y en el sí mismo encuentra todo un mundo producción de libertades abstractas que son más manejable y con menos costos que las concreta del derecho. La educación, que fue condición de posibilidad de la construcción histórica de la crítica y de la libertad, hoy es dispositivo para gestionar, con saberes como la psicología y la pedagogía, ese mundo interior. Sin embargo, el resultado no es el de personas más libres y críticas, sino, por el contrario, personas que entran en un terreno de psicopatologización voluntaria, esto es, que son más dóciles para conducir sus conductas. No obstante, conmemorar la muerte de Foucault en hallar todavía en él las herramientas para comenzar de nuevo para hacer la crítica de esta nueva "psicoadanía". Abstract The article commemorates the fortieth anniversary of Foucault's death with a question about criticism and freedom. It shows the shift he makes from the question about the will not to be governed by the prevailing knowledge and powers, to a more experiential place of resistance: the care of the self. The hypothesis is that Foucault with this shift justifies that 1 El artículo hace parte del proyecto de la investigación: "Gobernar por la libertad: la conducción de conductas en el poder liberal".
This paper brings together an examination of the discursive and material architectures of equity contained within the Gonski Review, a watershed policy document in the history of Australian school funding and equity policies. The Review cemented an approach to disadvantage in school funding based around the identification of ‘equity groups’ − socio-educational disadvantage, low English proficiency, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students, disability, small schools and schools in regional and remote locations. Working an assemblage approach, we suggest the need for research that attunes to the discursive and material elements of funding policies, that together shape possibilities for policy understandings and responses to disadvantage in education. Through a close analysis of the Gonski Review, this paper demonstrates that the ‘equity groups’ constructed by the Review are underpinned by a logic of data quantifiability and measurability. It simplifies and fixes in place the complex, lived reality of inequity. Taking the equity group of disability in the government school sector as an exemplar, we demonstrate how students, teachers and schools are required to navigate multiple measures of classification and quantification to secure their government funding. We suggest that this process of repetitive classification carries consequences for the amount of funding a student ultimately receives.
The crisis that now grips the ‘living earth’ establishes an intersection of climate and finance which entails questions of time: what does temporality mean in the context of both climate emergency and the processes of financialisation? In this paper, I intervene in these debates by reflecting on the reconstruction of time as a concrete legal object in the space of international investor-state arbitration. Over the past decade, international arbitration settlements, often using the accounting technique of discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, have increasingly relied on a conception of investor-oriented time that offers an expansive future, a time of long-term unbroken integrity. I trace the complex but often uneven shifts in arbitration practices through which the future is reconfigured not as a proximate and conditional object but as a category, encoded in DCF, which is endlessly expansive. The time of the unbroken asset, I argue, is in urgent disjuncture with the time of transition.
This critical discourse analysis explores cosmopolitan nationalism as neoliberal reform within East Asian higher education (HE). Placing cosmopolitan nationalism within the Foucauldian genealogical oeuvre, we draw comparisons between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean HE policy to expand the theoretical basis of this emerging framework. Against this background, HE policy draws our gaze towards the tensions inherent to State-level demands for ‘enterprising’ units of human capital, or homo œconomicus. By producing graduates that are simultaneously internationalized and nationally-bound, HE pressures learners to incorporate the de-facto dispositions, skills, and credentials deemed necessary to the global market order. Here, policy maneuvers demonstrate a broadly analogous yet, unique predilection for nationalistic rhetoric during their resistance and accommodation of Western-led neoliberalism. Nonetheless, State responses to said hegemony demonstrate conflicting approaches to the knowledge economy and, for that matter, which citizens are deemed ‘worthy’ of the ‘right kind of’ education. Results indicate that, despite a shared cultural legacy, the socio-political realities of each HE provider engender, to varying degrees, friction between the intended and material outcomes of HE marketization. Thus, we seek to provide greater insight for scholars of educational markets to interpret the forces and mechanisms shaping neoliberal character-building, both regionally and in alternative contexts.
Esta tesis tiene como propósito analizar el ejercicio del poder sobre la alimentación a través del programa Desayunos Escolares modalidad caliente, en el plantel educativo Jacinto Pat del municipio de Akil, una localidad rural del sur de Yucatán, México. Para ello, utilicé el enfoque analítico de la gubernamentalidad planteado por Michel Foucault. Si bien, los destinatarios de los efectos explícitos del programa son los niños y niñas en edad escolar, también se producen una serie de prácticas y discursos sobre las madres de familia, cocineras, personal educativo y comunidad escolar en general, acerca de cuestiones alimentarias, sociales y de salud
One of the major emerging powers or developing nations in the world that is strengthening its economic ties with Africa is China. However, China is by far the most important and powerful party in this alliance. China has established the most significant connections with Africa, which is home to the greatest number of developing countries globally, in addition to fortifying ties with other continents and areas that are home to developing countries, such as Latin America and Central Asia. This article analyses the interplay between China's foreign policy, political economy, and developmental initiatives in Africa, while assessing the adequacy of modern theories in political geography, international relations (IR), and development studies in explaining these evolving dynamics. In fact, it looks into how Beijing views changes in the world political scene and the historical transformation of Africa in relation to its foreign policy strategy. It also examines China's state-centered, bilateral approach to relations with African allies. This paper highlights that, in contrast to the strategies adopted by Western countries since the 1950s, China is experiencing something new and a little disturbing with the idea of "development" as a separate policy domain. In order to fully comprehend how China is, for the first time since the 1980s, offering new "choices" and changing the face of African development, it promotes 198 a thorough analysis of the larger geopolitics surrounding China-Africa relations, both past and present, as opposed to focusing only on particular aspects like aid or governance.
This study entitled ‘Free and Compulsory Education Policy Practice in Ruby Valley: An Analysis of Impacts and Inequalities’ aimed to explore free and compulsory education policy practices in Ruby Valley Municipality in Dhading District of Bagmati Province Nepal. In this study I sought to answer research questions on policy evolution, policy interpretation, negotiation and contestation in Ruby Valley that shaped localized meaning of policy. I have also considered the impact of the policy practice and how local government leadership have influenced the policy practice of free and compulsory education central in this research.
I employed blended policy ethnographies in which I engaged with the local communities using multiple strategies that varied at different stages of the research accommodating the contextual constraints of time, space, and resources. I started with virtual interaction with the local communities in Ruby Valley and in person participation in community interaction and events and observation sociocultural phenomena at the latter stage of the research.
I continued working on the theoretical framework of the study along with the progress of my study to capture the multifaceted influence different aspects as they unfolded during the study in the given complex social context including which includes multiple theoretical dimensions viz. the power structure, rent-seeking behaviour, street-level bureaucracy, survivalist priorities, discourse theory, and framing of issues that influenced the policy practices of free and compulsory education.
The findings of the study revealed that evolution of free and compulsory education is gradual and has stemmed from the initial forms of public education. I also found that the local community contribution has been instrumental in the vii
development of education institutions. However, as it reached the stage of free and compulsory education, there is increasing gaps between the local communities and schools, as a result some crucial issues of community ownership and management have emerged. The school community disconnect is consequence of the rent seeking behaviour among the authorities, and interest groups that seek to take use their influence in the education institutions for their personal and political interest rather than the wider community interest of quality free and compulsory education. The disconnect has not only detached the policy priorities from community needs but also hindered the local community capacity in policy participation and negotiation.
In addition, I found that the survival priorities and lack of access to information to the rights of the local communities have hindered their ability to contest weak policy implementation. Consequently, it has increased the vulnerabilities of the local communities and compelled them to tolerate illegalities in free and compulsory education policy practice and result into the misalignment between policy statement and policy action.
I conclude that the misalignment between the policy statement and policy action is not limited to the capacity gaps but to the school community disconnect and intentional misalignment between the interest of the local communities and local government authorities. The situation exposes how local communities who created the education systems are detached from the school institutions and left vulnerable by creating dual education systems based on their socioeconomic background. It exposes how weakly implemented free and compulsory education results in unequal implication to different groups of people in the community and creates accountability issues, symbolic violence and detachment from school systems with intergenerational equity issues.
Examining the ethical ramifications of predictive policing in South Africa, the research aims to pinpoint major obstacles and dangers while examining potential solutions to allay worries and guarantee responsible application. Key subjects include data privacy, algorithmic bias, over policing, community involvement, accountability and transparency, and transparency. reduction of bias, oversight procedures, Important Points, Significant ethical issues are brought up by predictive policing in South Africa, including invasions of privacy, algorithmic prejudice, and over policing. Given the historical and current backdrop of racial inequality, these worries are more pressing. In order to address these issues, a balanced strategy that puts individual rights and public safety first is needed. In order to guarantee that predictive policing is used responsibly in South Africa, transparency, accountability, community involvement, and ethical standards are crucial. It is essential to mitigate bias in algorithms and data in order to stop biased results. An over-reliance on predictive policing can be detrimental to community relations and conventional enforcement techniques. Methodological strategy: Designing qualitative research, review of the literature, semi-structured interviews with members of the public, law enforcement officers, and predictive policing specialists Case studies of South African predictive policing initiatives, Content study of South African media reports on predictive policing. Relevance. The work advances our knowledge of the moral conundrums raised by predictive policing in South Africa in a more comprehensive and nuanced way. The study can serve to raise public awareness and encourage participation in the discussion over predictive policing in South Africa. The findings can assist policymakers and law enforcement agencies in creating moral and practical strategies for implementing predictive policing. In conclusion, there are advantages and disadvantages to predictive policing in South Africa. Although technology presents the possibility of more effective and efficient law enforcement, it also brings up serious ethical issues. South Africa can minimize the dangers associated with predictive policing while maximizing its potential advantages by addressing these issues and putting the necessary procedures in place.
This thesis examines whether participatory arts practices can be deployed in changing urban contexts without getting co-opted into that change and, instead, help to resist its uneven aspects. It presents a participatory arts and research project which responds to the politics and aesthetics of 21st century state-led gentrification, with a specific focus on Deptford, south-east London (UK). The project challenges dominant gentrification narratives by making visible and audible a variety of alternative perspectives that highlight the lived experiences of gentrification-induced displacement. It proposes a novel art and research methodology that, while emphasising participation and ethical practice, pays attention to the politics and aesthetics of creative research. It is underpinned by feminist participatory action research and the radical tradition of community arts and activism. Combining sociological research with a community arts project and the production, publication and launch of a book, this research offers rich understandings of the lived experiences of gentrification-induced displacement while also enacting these representations in the public sphere to support local housing activism. Therefore, my practice not only counters widespread depoliticised participatory practices that make community artists complicit in uneven urban change, it also offers a counterpoint to urban research that, while critically describing processes of change, does little in the way of actively engaging with those processes.
This research is an example of public sociology, engaging with non-academic and academic audiences. Publishing the research data on alternative media under the title Deptford is Changing to encourage public debate also challenges traditional modes of dissemination. It offers space for a multiplicity of voices and forms of representations with the aim of addressing a wide and varied audience. It is recommended to read the accompanying book of the same title alongside this thesis (The book can be downloaded here: https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/34788/). The thesis argues for a creative activist sociological imagination, a Radial Visual Sociology which gets actively and creatively involved in working towards social justice.
No contexto neoliberal, no qual imperam a cultura da auditoria e da meritocracia, a lógica do empreender-se a si mesmo e a visão de educação como mercadoria, convivemos com o mal-estar dentro e fora da docência. Nesse panorama, este artigo objetiva problematizar a racionalidade neoliberal vigente dentro e fora das salas de aula. Trata-se de uma análise discursiva de depoimentos de três professores de ensino superior sobre o cuidado (de si), a partir de ferramentas teórico-analíticas de Foucault, com o intuito de apontar em que medida os efeitos de sentido da responsabilização do sujeito por suas escolhas emergem em seus depoimentos. A análise remete-nos à presença dos modos de objetivação, por exemplo, às técnicas (pós-)modernas de gestão do tempo, qualidade muito apreciada no contexto neoliberal, na incessante busca da produtividade, da eficácia/eficiência e do empreendedorismo de si. Porém, a análise também sinalizou o desejo de cuidar(-se) mais e melhor, sendo a boa gestão do tempo vista pelos professores como uma das formas de realizá-lo. Embora tais estratégias estejam permeadas de/por técnicas neoliberais de governamentalidade, visando, de diversas maneiras, a conduzir nossas condutas, não objetivamos criticá-las, mas apenas descortinar de que maneira o uso de técnicas de gestão do tempo, paradoxalmente necessárias para (con/sobre)viver no mundo contemporâneo, nos conduzem de forma sub-reptícia. Nesse contexto, o cuidado de si, como entendido por Michel Foucault, no sentido de invenção de novas formas de vida poderia emergir como possibilidade de produzir contracondutas, apostando na relação consigo como uma alternativa, uma forma de resistência diante do poder, cuidado este, por vezes, sufocado pela competitividade generalizada que nos governa.
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