The Archaeology of Knowledge
... Madness is a power and freedom of speech for Hamlet. Foucault (1972Foucault ( , 2001 showed how madness, the body, life, death, and human beings progressively have become objects of observation and scientific discourses. These discourses aim to reveal a truth but instead create and control the objects they claim to know. ...
... These discourses aim to reveal a truth but instead create and control the objects they claim to know. The social world is organized and normalized in specific ways through discursive practices (Foucault, 1972). Foucault (2001) asserts that the persons or ideas that we cannot grasp in our day-to-day sense, the ideas that are foreign to us, and the words that are strictly forbidden and forsaken in our socalled civilized world can be decreed as lunatic or madness. ...
... It doesn't necessarily come from sterile, detached science but rather from political fabrication. According to Foucault, "it is in discourse that power and knowledge are joined together," (Foucault, 1972). Moreover, Foucault recognizes individuals as moral agents, responsible for their individual behavior and able to find satisfaction in constraining situations through ethics, technologies, and care of the self. ...
For the Western consciousness, madness has always welled up simultaneously at multiple points, forming a constellation that slowly shifts from one form to another, its face perhaps hiding an enigmatic truth. Meaning here is always fractured. Will-iam Shakespeare is renowned for his capacity to manufacture imagination and a great master of his use of psychological studies in the portrayals of insanity. In general, his artwork shows a keen knowledge of human nature. He has a thorough understanding of the human psyche, personality, and actions. Shakespeare's protagonist Hamlet assimilates madness in the most obstinate wisdom. This wisdom may be thin, but it reigns supreme. It presupposes and requires a perpetual doubling of the consciousness of madness, which disappears beneath the surface of madness, only to reappear again on the other side. The paper is an attempt to explore the mindscape of Prince Hamlet using the theoretical base of Michel Foucault's discourse on madness and the formation of power dichotomy. The paper also envisions a Lacanian regeneration of desire, sexuality, and narrative hegemony.
... Hyperreality is a discursive question, as discourses grant humans lenses they can use to understand phenomena, which do not by themselves fixate and determine meaning (see Foucault [1969Foucault [ ] 1972Laclau and Mouffe 1985;Fairclough 2013). Therefore, a discourse may abolish the distinction between reality and simulation. ...
... Hyperreality is a discursive question, as discourses grant humans lenses they can use to understand phenomena, which do not by themselves fixate and determine meaning (see Foucault [1969Foucault [ ] 1972Laclau and Mouffe 1985;Fairclough 2013). Therefore, a discourse may abolish the distinction between reality and simulation. ...
... A discourse-the hyperreal discourse in this text-is analyzed based on the logic regulating specific statements (Foucault [1969(Foucault [ ] 1972. As a discourse is a structured manner of thinking and speaking, so it has a structure. ...
The digital revolution has partly disembodied humanity, as evermore time and effort are spent on cyberspace, where virtual simulations of the real increasingly preoccupy our minds. The AI is the last simulator joining the party, now also simulating “love” and “romance.” Today, millions of people are entering “love relationships” with the algorithm. Using a discourse analysis and insights on hyperreality from Jean Baudrillard, Mark Slouka, and others, I analyze how “AI-human relationships” are discursively constructed, and how this discourse establishes hyperreality, as the AI and its simulation of intimacy are represented as equivalent to human partners and real love. Love, the codification of intimacy, is deconstructed by this discourse, as the idea of “AI-human love” displaces intimacy and other signs we associate with love, essentially transforming love into the codification of satisfaction, unrelated to the human touch. La révolution numérique a en partie désincarné l'humanité, car de plus en plus de temps et d'efforts sont consacrés au cyberespace, où les simulations virtuelles du réel occupent de plus en plus nos esprits. L'IA est le dernier simulateur à rejoindre la fête, simulant désormais également "l'amour" et la "romance". Aujourd'hui, des millions de personnes entrent dans des "relations amoureuses" avec l'algorithme. En utilisant une analyse du discours et des perspectives sur l'hyperréalité de Jean Baudrillard, Mark Slouka et d'autres, j'analyse comment les "relations IA-humaines" sont construites discursivement, et comment ce discours établit l'hyperréalité, car l'IA et sa simulation de l'intimité sont représentées comme équivalentes aux partenaires humains et à l'amour réel. L'amour, la codification de l'intimité, est déconstruit par ce discours, car l'idée de "l'amour IA-humain" déplace l'intimité et d'autres signes que nous associons à l'amour, transformant essentiellement l'amour en codification de la satisfaction, sans rapport avec le contact humain.
... The second most frequently cited scholar, Elinor Ostrom, is known for developing the Social-Ecological Systems (SES) Framework, a widely used approach for analyzing sustainability within social-ecological contexts. Foucault (1972) ranks third, having established a foundational methodology for discourse analysis. His work remains influential in critical theory and the social sciences, contributing to extensive citation and co-citation networks across disciplines. ...
This study offers a bibliometric meta-analysis of eco-discourse and discourse analysis within Scopus-indexed journals from 2010 to 2020, focusing on how language frames environmental challenges in global scholarly conversations. Using a systematic PRISMA-based approach, the study integrates bibliometric tools (VOSviewer and Scopus analysis) to trace publication trends, key countries, influential sources, and frequently cited references. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights central themes such as discourse analysis, sustainability, ecology, climate change, and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) illuminating the evolving intersections of these topics across disciplines. Crucially, this study foregrounds how discourse operates as a social practice in shaping perceptions and actions around ecological crises, revealing ideological framings and power dynamics within environmental discourses. Co-citation analysis further elucidates the field’s theoretical and methodological convergences with sociolinguistics, media studies, and environmental policy discourse. By synthesizing these diverse threads, the study advances critical reflections on the role of discourse in mediating environmental knowledge and action, offering insights relevant for scholars in discourse studies, environmental communication, and beyond.
... Для нашого дослідження ключовими є три підходи до розуміння дискурсу, які спільно висвітлюють складний діалектичний зв'язок між цим поняттям і текстом. Згідно з першим, викладеним у працях французького філософа М. Фуко, дискурс визначається як сукупність текстів, об'єднаних за певними критеріями та пов'язаних між собою специфічними відношеннями (Foucault, 2002). ...
The article explores universal and idiosyncratic features of interdiscursivity, represented in the selected works of Nobel laureate J. M. Coetzee. Interdiscursivity is defined as a cognitive-communicative strategy for the semantic and structural construction of a literary text, aimed at ensuring the interaction with the reader. It is established that in the examined works, interdiscursivity forms a new model of meaning- and text-creation, characterized by its epistemic properties. These properties are differentiated based on the developed prototype model of discourse, which includes the following features: (1) the type of knowledge underlying the formation of discourse; (2) the pragmatic orientation; (3) the features of linguistic-stylistic, plot-compositional, and narrative organization; (4) the tonal system; (5) the communicative goal. Changes in the epistemic traits of discourse signal a discursive "shift," which is accompanied by the emergence of pragma-stylistic effects such as cognitive-emotional tension, cognitive-emotional dissonance, intensification of reader engagement, semantic gaps/distortion, cognitive overload, etc.
... Discourse analysis exposed and revealed those taken-for-granted assumptions that are truly enclosed in the gendered experiences of men. The informants' discourses were specific, and logical and empirical evidence supported the outcomes of accepted facts in their lives (Billig, 1997;Foucault, 1972). Hence, the voices of informants based on discourses are taken as logical, persuasive, and practical in their lived experiences (Hall, 1990;Potter and Wetherell, 1995). ...
This study explores the sociocultural and emotional experiences of men with the identity of sole bread earner for their families in Islamabad, Pakistan. Patriarchy as a social systems positionmen as dominant figures in both public and private spheres, yet simultaneously impose standardized sociocultural burdens on men for societal approval, enforces them to play the role of head of the household after the death of a father. Drawing upon the feminist lens, this research critically examines how men internalizes institutionalized norms during the process of gendered socialization and perform socially constructed masculine ideals through emotional regulation, suppression, and resilience. Using a Foucauldian discourse analysis, an approach typically considered one of the main qualitative data analysis methods. Interviews were conducted by taking life histories of 20 men having diverse sociocultural orientation and social status. The study underscores the social and emotional cost of conforming to rigid gender roles, focusing on how emotional burdens are ignored at the name of meeting societal expectations and maintaining masculine identity. This research contributes to sociological literature on sociology of men by expanding the discourse on male emotional labor and mental health, advocating for more inclusive gender-sensitive policies.
... It is well documented by Indigenous scholars, such as Madi Day (2021), that notions of the 'body, health and wellness' have longstanding significance for settler colonial regimes of racialised power and practices of governing. First established under imperial Britain and its colonial regimes of local population management, eugenics was a core discursive practice of biopolitical governance (see Foucault, 2002) across the British empire to assert the authority of white coloniality upon First Nations peoples and normalise settler colonial practices of power (Bashford, 2004). Eugenics had two purposes (Blacker, 1952). ...
... The research design for this study employed a qualitative approach centered on discourse analysis, specifically utilizing Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) to explore the representation of homosexuality in Indian news media. This approach was particularly relevant as it allowed for an examination of how language and power intersect in shaping societal perceptions of LGBTQ+ identities (Foucault, 1972;Dasgupta, 2021). By analyzing media narratives, we revealed the underlying power dynamics that inform public discourse and societal attitudes toward homosexuality (Das, 2021). ...
India’s historical approach to homosexuality has been shaped by colonial-era laws and enduring cultural norms, most notably Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized same-sex relations until its repeal in 2018. Despite this legal milestone, social acceptance remains inconsistent, and media continues to play a crucial role in shaping public discourse. This study explores how Indian news media constructs narratives around homosexuality and how these narratives influence the perceptions of heterosexual young adults aged 18–25. Adopting a qualitative approach rooted in Foucauldian discourse analysis, the research includes secondary analysis of mainstream and independent media sources, alongside in-depth interviews with six college students. Thematic analysis revealed key patterns of marginalization, symbolic representation, cultural gatekeeping, and selective framing. While certain media outlets advocate for inclusivity, others perpetuate stereotypes aligned with traditional and religious ideologies. Participants indicated that their perspectives were shaped by both the inclusivity of digital platforms and the conservatism of traditional news media. The study underscores the dual role of media as both a platform for advocacy and a tool for reinforcing societal biases, highlighting the need for more authentic, diverse, and responsible portrayals of LGBTQIA+ individuals in Indian journalism.
... Rather than following an empirical or formal linguistic approach, the paper advances a conceptual inquiry into the ontological and aesthetic conditions of language under algorithmic mediation. The methodology aligns with what Foucault (1972) describes as an archaeology of knowledge, a mode of analysis that interrogates not only what is said but the conditions that make certain kinds of statements, practices, and systems of sense possible. ...
This paper examines the epistemological and ontological implications of large language models (LLMs) through the lens of Antonin Artaud's theory of expression. Drawing on Artaud's concept of glossolalia and its refusal of semantic coherence, the study critiques the smoothing, optimization, and datafication of language in AI systems. Engaging with theorists including Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Byung-Chul Han, Mark Fisher, Georges Bataille, and Shoshana Zuboff, the paper argues that LLMs instantiate a necrosyntax, a metaphysical condition wherein language circulates without living intensity. The work calls for new expressive paradigms that affirm linguistic rupture, waste, and corporeality as sites of resistance to machinic rationalization.
... The main criterion that qualifies a discursive statement as true is no longer a universal epistemic dictum. It is, rather, the contexts in which the statement emerges, circulates and is recognised by institutionally embedded communities of professionals (Foucault, 1972). ...
... Michel Foucault (1972) defined discourse as systems of thought, knowledge, and social practice that shape and constrain understanding and interaction with the world. ...
... In the case of the Lower Silesian folk costume, this approach opens up unexplored areas of inquiry, such as contemporary variations of the costume and, most importantly, its perception by users and the emotions it evokes. Like the editors of the volume Folk Dress mentioned above, I consider the Lower Silesian costume a cultural phenomenon, a form of dissonant heritage (Tunbridge & Ashworth, 1996) related to cultural memory (Assmann, 2011), and an element of discourse to be deconstructed and interpreted (Foucault, 1972). The adopted research perspective, which moves from specific details (the Lower Silesian costume) to broader contexts, provides insights into the processes of institutionalizing folk culture in the so-called Recovered Territories and the conscious or unconscious acts of heritage-making. ...
Viewed as “correct and authentic” by some, yet criticized as ugly and inconsistent with the Polish imaginary of folk culture by others, the Lower Silesian costume is a simplified and unified version of the pre-World War II regional dress of the Karkonosze Mountains. It was popularized in Lower Silesia after the war to fill the folkloric void caused by the almost complete population exchange. Currently, it is used by professional and amateur folk groups. I analyze the phenomenon of the Lower Silesian costume through its cultural biography. As presented in this article, it is divided into three chronological parts: before World War II, when the costume was worn by the German inhabitants of the region and local enthusiasts in a spirit of romanticized nationalism; after the war, when it was (re)introduced as an element of institutionally created folklore and propaganda Polishness of the region; and today, when the costume is perceived as full of contradictions. I conclude the analysis by proposing the concept of cultural transposition, which is the relocation of cultural elements or phenomena into new socio-political frameworks, leading to their (not necessarily harmonious) mutation.
... Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen umfassen damit zwei sich gegenseitig stützende Dimensionen: Diskurse und Materialitäten, die von spezifischen Rahmenbedingungen wie etwa Normen, Gesetzen und Institutionen geprägt werden (Brand 2016). Diskurse und Materialität stehen über Praktiken miteinander in Verbindung (Foucault 1972). Nach poststrukturalistischem Verständnis werden Diskurse erst durch ihre materielle Wirkung "realisiert" (Mattissek & Wiertz 2014, S. 159), während Materialität erst durch diskursive Praktiken ihre Bedeutung erhält (Bacchi & Bonham 2014, S. 188). ...
https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/3609
Diskussionen um die Nachhaltigkeit von Kreuzfahrten wurden und werden intensiv geführt. Meistens geht es dabei um Aspekte des Umweltschutzes oder des Overtourism. Ein für die Passagiere besonders bedeutsamer Faktor ist die Verpflegung an Bord.
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern dieser Bereich nachhaltiger gestaltet werden. Auf der Basis von Experteninterviews werden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Branche abgeleitet.
... This control extends to defining social norms and behaviors. (Foucault, 1972). The introduction of language models have radically changed the scope of discussion over the limitations of free speech. ...
The paper analyses Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Klara and the Sun in the context of language of communication between Artificial Intelligence and human beings. Klara is a humanoid robot who functions as an Artificial Friend, whose role is to assist children in their daily life. Yet, Klara exceeds human expectations and learns to love the girl she works for. The analysis focuses on the nature of communication in dystopian fiction and the challenges it involves. The author conducts a comparative analysis of newspeak and its equivalences in other dystopian works. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, Foucault's theory on power and discourse, or linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity will be employed as sources of methodological background. It will also be pointed out that Ishiguro's AI character resembles language models which currently interact with humans on a daily basis.
Literacy is important foundational knowledge for all teaching areas and classroom settings. Language and Literacy covers the building blocks of literacy, as well as the developmental skills all pre-service and in-service teachers need to teach effectively and meaningfully across the Australian curriculum. Part one moves chronologically from the early years to the secondary years, covering phonological, phonemic and morphological awareness, word and sentence-level grammar, language use in social contexts, and a discussion on English language diversity and change. Part two introduces the metalanguage, content knowledge and teaching methods required to develop students' competence in vocabulary, text types and grammar, as well as oracy, reading, writing and critical literacy. Each chapter includes discussion points and further resources to engage students, with key terms linked to the comprehensive glossary. Written by experienced educators, Language and Literacy is an essential resource, offering a focused exploration of language and literacy knowledge for pre-service and in-service teachers.
Teaching is reconsidered as a form of staging that is ordered by the idea of pedagogy as a powerful, though elusive, dimension of the Symbolic order of education. Is pedagogy as straightforward as the standard transmission and active engagement models suggest? Essentializing developmental models are put into question, and the easy assumption of the activation of pedagogy is approached through psychoanalytic rethinking of the dynamics of institutional space. The role of ‘lack’ is considered in terms of the teacher’s experience of pleasure in teaching while the general order of knowledge is reviewed from a Lacanian perspective giving an emphasis to the interplay between discourse and incompletion. Finally, the role of the idea of potential is deliberated in relation to the dynamic function of lack in education while the governing role of education, through various ‘points de capiton’ gets foregrounded.
As the world’s second-largest economy and the second most populous country, China hosts numerous international schools, some of which allow Chinese citizens to attend. In addition to foreign-owned international schools, there are many private bilingual schools (Chinese internationalized schools) and dual-curriculum international departments affiliated with Chinese public schools that are open to Chinese citizens. These for-profit schools often use affective storytelling to market their expertise in international education. Using a cultural studies approach and drawing on an affect lens, this study investigates how private international schools’ websites use colonial discourse and affective storytelling to attract prospective students and shape social imaginaries of Western educational supremacy. First, this study provides a literature review on themes related to the identities, curriculum, and tensions surrounding K-12 international schooling in China. Next, it introduces cultural studies and affect theory, and explains their interconnections as the theoretical foundations of this research. The methodology of Multimodal Critical Colonial Discourse Analysis (MCCDA) is also detailed to outline how textual and visual contents on the websites of Chinese internationalized schools are analyzed. Based on a systematic investigation of these schools’ websites, this paper argues that Chinese internationalized schools use their websites as forms of affective infrastructure to shape and normalize colonial logics and the supremacy of Western educational hegemony globally while marginalizing other ways of learning, knowing, and being.
This study investigates the deconstruction of historical truth in Yesenibit Kelemat, literally translated as Farewell Colors. Employing a postmodern framework, the analysis utilizes concepts of textuality, historical metafiction, fabulation, and irrealism to demonstrate the novel's multifaceted depiction of history. Farewell Colors is positioned as a text that recontextualizes the past, weaving together elements of myth, legend, and diverse historical narratives (pre-modern and modern). Through this approach, the “grand narratives” of traditional history are fractured, privileging the emergence of “small narratives” and emphasizing the active interpretation between “events” and “epistemes” within specific ideological and cultural contexts. The study concludes that Farewell Colors dismantles the idea of a singular, objective historical truth, instead presenting a dynamic interplay between historical fact, fiction, and individual interpretations. የዚህ ጥናት ዓላማ የታሪክን ዕውነት ፈድለተቃርኗዊ ጠባይ በየስንብት ቀለማት ውስጥ ተንትኖ ማሳየት ነው፡፡ በዘዴነት ፈድለተቃርኖን ተጠቅሞ የድኅረዘመናዊነትን የአተያይ ብዝኃነት (multiple perspective) እየታገገ በልቦለዱ ውስጥ የታሪክን አስተማስሎ ለማስተንተን ተሞክሯል፡፡ በድኅረዘመናዊ ልቦለድ ውስጥ ታሪክን ለማስተንተን የሚያስችሉ እንደ ቴክስታዊነት፣ የታሪክ ዲበልቦለዳዊነት (Historical Metafiction)፣ የታሪክ ፍጥርነት (historical fabulation) እና ብዝኃግህደት (Irrealism) እንደመነሻ መታገጊያነት አገልግለዋል፡፡ በጥናቱ የስንብት ቀለማት ታሪክን እንደ አሃድ ወስዶ በተለያዩ ክፍሎቹ ከድኅረዘመናዊነት አንጻር እንዳቀረበው ለመመልከት ተችሏል፡፡ በዚህም ታሪክ ከሚትና አፈታሪክ ጋር በአቻዊነት እንደሚዋደድ፣ የቅድመዘመናዊና ጊዜ ዘመናዊ የታሪክ ሐቲቶች በትይዩነት እየተስተጋዎሩ ከሁለቱም ቅሩንነት አዲስ ታሪካዊ ሐቲት እንደሚዋለዱበት፣ ምስለ ግሁድ ገጸባህርያት በአዳዲስ ታሪካዊ ሐቲቶች እንደሚከሰቱበት፣ የ3000 ዘመን የነጻነትና የቅኝ ግዛት በሚል የፖለቲካ ፈድለተቃርኖዎች እንደሚካተቱበት፤ በዚህም ታሪክ ብዝኃግሁድ፣ ፍጥር፣ ለትርጓሜ ክፍት የሆነና በአውድ የሚገራ “ቴክስት” እንደሆነ ለመመልከት ተሞክሯል፡፡ ስለሆነም፣ በየስንብት ቀለማት ውስጥ ታሪክ በየዘመኑ የሚገራና ከታላቅ ሐተታ ተናጥቦ የትንንሽ ተረኮች ጣጣ በ“events” እና “epistemes” መካከል በሚነቃ የተረክ ትርጓሜ (narrative interpretation) ኅልው እንደሚሆን ለመገንዘብ ተችሏል፡፡ የየዘመኑ ሐቲት ይዞት የሚነሳው ርእዮተዓለማዊና ባህላዊ ቁመናዎች ታሪክን ሲገሩትም ተስተውሏል፡፡
This article uses perspectives from cultural theory and my own writing practice to argue that contemporary historical fictions can function similarly to archives as the systems in which historical discourse operates, by containing and reframing real-life historical documents within invented narratives. I discuss my work-in-progress, a novella titled The Thorns, which rewrites Perceval Landon’s 1908 ghost story “Thurnley Abbey” and seeks to engage with one of its implied historical contexts: the fraught and often bloody history of Roman Catholicism in England, specifically during the Reformation and the Dissolution of the Monasteries. I contextualise this writing project with detailed reference to literary and cultural theories of fiction’s relationship to historical discourse, specifically the idea of the archive itself, and describe some of the ways in which my novella engages with the histories behind the original text’s focus on representations of silence, death and fear resulting from a disavowed past.
Print media has a huge impact over societal psychological perception of the world. Advertisements are a very imperative source within it. The depiction of the male gender has seen a massive upheaval over time and advertisements have had a vital role to play in it. In this paper we will scrutinize how select advertisements are showcasing a skewed ideal image of the 'perfect man' and aligned appropriate behavior. We will try to highlight the problematic ideologies that are served to readers under the guise of popularity. To serve this aim I will make use of select tools of Discourse Analysis like, vocabulary, presuppositions, implications, speech act etc. For my analysis, we will look at how through the medium of advertisements, one of the most far reaching and impressionable, the text producers are creating and in the process excluding what a man should be like. The paper will also venture into the arena of Critical Discourse Analysis to explore the power relations that are established in terms of age, gender, sex or class.
Sol ideolojinin ve söylemlerin farklılaşması ve çeşitlenmesi sadece legal alanda değil; illegal noktada da etkiler doğurmaktadır. Özellikle terör örgütleri ve onların sözde legal yapılanmaları bu hususta oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. Günümüzde terör örgütlerinin illegal yapılanmalarının yanında sözde legal görünüm adı altında pek çok oluşum bulunmaktadır. İdeolojik motivasyon kaynaklarına göre farklılık göstermekle beraber özellikle sol ideoloji tabanlı radikal terör örgütlerinin müzahir oluşumlara sıklıkla arka planda destek verdiği ve bu yapıların da terör örgütüne çeşitli şekillerde destek verdiği, propagandasını yaptığı bilinmektedir. Bu kapsamda sözde çeşitli kültür sanat faaliyetleri adı altında terör örgütlerinin retoriğinin yapıldığı örneklere rastlanılmaktadır. Çalışmada temel vurgu radikal sol örgütlerin özellikle gençleri manipüle etmek ve örgüt propagandası yapmak için kullandığı şiir, şarkı ve sözde marşların söylem analizi metodu ile ortaya konulmasıdır. Her ne kadar Türkiye’deki radikal sol terör örgütleri güvenlik güçlerinin operasyonları ile bitme noktasına getirilse de legal görünümlü illegal yapılar vasıtasıyla örgütler yok olmadıklarına yönelik propaganda yapmaya devam etmeye, özellikle çeşitli kültür merkezleri ve konserler adı altında örgüt propagandasını canlı tutmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu kapsamda şarkı ve marşlar, söylem analizi yöntemi ile incelenerek yüzey ve derin yapıda oluşturduğu farklı çağrışımsal özellikleri tespit edilmiştir.
The Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979 brought about extensive transformations in various political, social, and cultural arenas of Iran. One of the most significant of these transformations was the change in the dominant discourse and the representation of national and Islamic identity. In this regard, the discourse of neo-modernist political Islam played a pivotal role in shaping collective identity. The present article, with the aim of explaining the representation of identity in the discourse of neo-modernist political Islam and using a descriptive-analytical research method, has reached these results: The Islamic Revolution, by emphasizing the revival of Islamic values and the reinterpretation of religious teachings, attempted to direct Iranian society towards an authentic Islamic identity. This led to changes in laws, education, and people's lifestyles. Identity in the discourse of neo-modernist political Islam is represented as a religious-national identity that is based on the semantic reconstruction of the concepts of Islam and nationalism. This identity seeks to adapt to the needs of the modern world and democratic values, but at the same time faces the challenges of traditionalism. In the discourse of neo-modernist political Islam, political identity acts as a tool for legitimizing political power and explaining Iran's position in the Islamic world and the international community.
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a historical and exegetical analysis of two sets of ideologies that influence the current political climate of the world: modern and postmodern. The paper argues that the ideational substance of both groups of ideologies is frequently conflated in the political discourse of not only Russia, but also numerous other nations. The discussion argues that liberalism as the predominant and fundamental ideology of modernity can be divided into two distinct categories – modern and postmodern – both of which exhibit significant differences and, in many ways, oppose each other. In addition, the paper reinforces the point that classical liberalism of modernity serves as the ideological basis of the entire modern era. Fascism, on the other hand, is often considered an ideology of modernity, while this article argues that it serves as the fundamental basis of postmodernity and the watershed ideology between the two eras. Finally, the paper observes that Russia, as well as many countries of the global South, are gravitating towards modern ideological constructions, and that an important way forward would be to reinvent and reintroduce the paradigm of modernity in the contemporary postmodern world. In Russia, some academic debates on this issue are underway
Student self-assessment has received considerable research interest. While several review articles have mapped self-assessment studies, there remains a need to synthesise the insights from the field and the differing views and approaches within. In this critical meta-review, we conduct a discourse analysis of 28 earlier review studies concerning self-assessment, spanning five decades of research. We ask: What is known about student self-assessment? How have review studies produced knowledge about self-assessment? Analysing our data corpus, we deconstruct four discourses: psychological discourse (self-assessment as a clinical intervention); educational discourse (self-assessment as a contextual, relational practice); performance discourse (self-assessment as a performative practice); and societal discourse (self-assessment as a societal practice). These four discourses represent different forms of knowledge production. Through these discourses, self-assessment research has continued the history of promoting a reflective, rational and autonomous human subject in educational settings, but ironically, often through the occlusion of the self.
Archives have never been neutral repositories of the past; in a digital age, they have increasingly become the site where the afterlife of the past is managed and its future actively produced. This chapter begins by theorizing the archive and cultural memory as two moments in an ongoing dynamic of the (de)actualization of past and present. It then turns to the field of archive theory to cement the affinities between memory, archive, and the literary, before turning to a discussion of how David Mitchell’s novel Cloud Atlas dramatizes these connections. If Could Atlas explores the affordances of the literary in contexts of archival scarcity, we argue, it misses one crucial aspect of the contemporary interface of memory, the archive, and the literary: the fact that in a digital age of instant archiving and infinite retrieval, archives are marked less by the fear of obliteration (which calls for preservation and retrieval) than by superabundance (which calls for data management). Our last section reads Thomas Pynchon’s Bleeding Edge to show how contemporary literature does its archival work not only by undoing historical erasures, but also by canny interventions in accelerated media ecologies.
Nowadays, politics use the critical issue of the search for identity and identity conflict to affect (by media means) audiences by creating specific identities and promoting particular visions of reality to attract potential voters. Therefore, the study aimed to identify and characterize models of identity emerging from the narratives of candidates and people from their political parties during the last presidential campaign in Poland. Based on the critical discourse analysis, 1,829 statements from the most important national media and social media were analyzed. As a result, two leading models of identity developed by political parties were discovered. The research also indicated the mechanisms used to create an identity narrative focused on the power struggle. The effectiveness of characterizing the identity narrative allowed for the prediction of further voter segmentation and might evolve into a two-party political system.
With Gastrosophy: Fed Cities, LaPlasita—a collective focused on architecture and the design and execution of cultural projects- carries out projects, investigates, analyses, and proposes tools to improve the relationship between food and cities. We apply the concept of Gastrosophy to build a new ethical corpus to introduce the perspective of food in urban planning. Working on Gastrosophy and urban planning, it pursues two objectives: on the one hand, to make city dwellers aware of how we eat and how and why we should change our eating habits to better care for our health, our communities, and the planet; on the other hand, involve public actors, administrations and institutions in the development of the transition city towards a more sustainable, resilient, healthier, more biodiverse and supportive system. We design an urban-territorial transition that moves from the 20th’century city development model to another one in which to ruralise the metropolis, as Cerdà promoted ¨we must ruralise the urban and urbanise the rural¨ (Cerdà 1867). This way of approaching the production of territory and the city is within the parameters of what is now understood as regenerative urbanism. We, practitioners, apply utopian thinking to strengthen critical thinking and imagine possible better scenarios. From the field to the table, as a framework to develop different awareness-raising activities, with art as a mediator and urban planning projects.
In all research and all methods, reflexivity and the researcher’s awareness of the environment being studied are both valuable and profound. Qualitative research incorporates a standard of reflexivity, recognizing that the researcher is an instrument who cannot be hidden, ignored, or treated as a disembodied third person. This article serves as a specific invitation to reflexivity. The aim is to cultivate a healthier approach to knowledge production through heightened self-awareness, consciousness, and reflexivity—mesearch.
The formation and development of pedagogical terminology reflect the evolution of educational thought and the changing nature of teaching and learning across historical epochs. This article investigates the historical trajectory of pedagogical terms, focusing on how they emerged, transformed, and became institutionalized in educational discourse. By reviewing significant milestones in pedagogy, from classical antiquity to the digital age, and exploring how pedagogical terms were coined and adapted, the study demonstrates how terminology influences and is influenced by pedagogical practices. The article includes a literature review, critical analysis, and discussion of implications for contemporary education
This chapter looks at the ways in which the concept, practice, and social function of culture has gone through transformations during the ascendancy of neoliberalism in South Korean society. The questions raised here are: what does neoliberalism have to do with culture? What is the relationship between the political economy and culture? How does the former “determine” the latter? Or reversely, can culture resist the economy and politics, even determining the way they function? Or is it that culture only “reflects” the determining political economy? How does it have to do with “reality”? Does it have only a secondary power in the sense that it merely stands in for the “real” or rather constitute an indispensable dimension of the latter? The chapter attempts to seek answers to these questions, while looking at the transformations in the concept and function of culture as a social practice in the past few decades.
This chapter explores a range of interconnected methodological approaches,contextually rooted, to provide the space and capacity for engagement and discussion with competing perspectives. In this Study, this multilevel multimethod approach provides a framework for examining values, based on a complex theological premise of alternative interpretations. Such a framework enables the study to examine and analyse the multifaceted relationship between political context and gender rights within the rise of Islamism; add richness to research that helps to avoid simplistic explanations of complex phenomena as well as encompass the concomitant expansion of conservative interpretations of shariah, family life and family law.
Accepting the premise that sociocultural anthropology is colonialist and Audre Lorde’s maxim that the master’s tools cannot remake the master’s house, I consider the value of a tool from outside the master’s house to reconstruct sociocultural anthropology. Intersectionality, variously known as a theory, a lens, or a metaphor, is rooted in U.S. Black women’s abolitionism of the mid-nineteenth century, which argued that rights-seeking efforts framed out Black women. The 1970s and 1980s brought increased attention, especially from Black American feminists, to the multiplying effects of the intersections of race, gender, and class. In 1989, the term intersectionality first appeared in print, and a theory was named. Since then, many fields of study and activism have embraced intersectionality. Edward Said posited that radical theories lose their edge when they travel outside their original context. I explore intersectionality’s travels to sociocultural anthropology—its chronology, advocates, and transformations. Although barely visible in much of sociocultural anthropology’s Whitestream, intersectionality has gained not only in numbers but also a stronger voice since its first published appearance in 2001. Nearly two centuries have passed since intersectionality’s origins in U.S. enslavement, but interlocking conditions of inequality pervade the world today, nurturing intersectionality’s radical ethos in sociocultural anthropology.
Following the early work of James, mainstream social psychological approaches to the self have first treated individuals and society as separable and distinguishable entities and, second, located the psychology of the self within the individual. From a critical perspective, selves should instead be viewed as constructions that people produce in interactions with others to accomplish social outcomes, such as accounting for and justifying their actions, criticising other people, or otherwise. Rather than being properties of individuals, selves can more usefully be understood as descriptions that are produced in talk and occasioned in local social contexts.
The Emotional Cartography of Urban Fear method seeks to capture people's feelings about the built environment—going beyond its physical features—through mobile and sedentary techniques. Participants walk alongside the researcher in their familiar surroundings, discussing their emotions, localised victimisation experiences, and community concerns. Additionally, focus groups allow for a deeper analysis of specific situations, community ties, and opinions or complaints regarding local government performance. This information is triangulated using non-participant and participant observations as well as in-depth interviews. Finally, perceptions are synthesised into Intensity of Fear Maps and Talk's Track Maps while also being available in the form of databases, tables, and narratives.•Combining geographical information systems with qualitative analysis, such as thematic analysis, can capture spatial people's perceptions without losing rich narratives.
•This method generates the Talk's track map—a tool that enables the georeferencing of qualitative coding from mobile interviews.
•Variety of data collection and analysis methods allows to efficiently triangulate research data about built environment and perceptions.
This in-depth investigation explores the subject of giving women's narratives priority, with an emphasis on the acculturation gap that develops between succeeding generations of women. This research sets out to navigate the complex terrain of identity construction against a background of deep cultural variety, anchored in the ideals of authenticity, intersectionality, and varied representation in the novel ‘The Woman Warrior’. It reveals the complex tapestry of experiences that define women's lives via a painstaking examination of their stories. At the core of this work lies the importance of investigating the links between women's narratives and the wide-ranging effect of cultural shock. These stories serve as a lens through which to explore the complex consequences of cultural adaptation and the resulting alteration of identities. The research offers an acculturative perspective through which the intricate process of identity building develops within the complicated context of immigration by intimately interacting with these narratives
This study investigates how Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and V.S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River use linguistic expressions of trauma and silence. The investigation details how language together with sentence structures and speech patterns create silent stories which literature uses to depict both national and personal tragic experiences. The interpretation uses "quantum silence" theory which demonstrates traumatized experiences through shattered and broken fragments of narration. The research employs Voyant Text Analysis tools to detect how trauma affects language structures by identifying common patterns in text. Research demonstrates that silence functions actively within storytelling because it allows both the expression of obscured feelings along with undisclosed histories and marks from colonial dominance. The text contains pauses as well as gaps and disruptions which reveals how individuals and societies attempt to deal with their past. This study investigates trauma transmission through language which results in advanced comprehension of literature that comes from colonial and postcolonial traditions. As per this research silence operates as a powerful element that enhances how stories about survival and suffering get narrated. This research urges readers to rethink how language functions when documenting emotions and events which usually remain unexpressed. Keywords Quantum silence, linguistic encoding, corpus-based analysis, non-linear trauma, colonial fiction, postcolonial fiction
This essay explores the theme of Islamophobia presented in Ayad Akhtar's "Disgraced" through a Foucauldian concept of power. Using Michel Foucault's theories of power, discourse and surveillance, the paper discusses Islamophobia's depiction in the play and its impact on the characters and storyline. It also examines various power relations, cultural hegemony, and societal structures that cause the marginalization of Muslims in metropolises of the play. By taking a Foucauldian lens, the study illuminates the ways in which Islamophobia is both discursively constructed and reproduced while also revealing the entwined power dynamics involved in this process. The analysis outlines the narrative response of the characters being surveilled, troubles aspects of the institution itself, and concludes with a practical analysis of how Islamophobic tropes are framed and reinforced through the act of surveillance in contemporary society. Through a Foucauldian lens, this study seeks to provide a more nuanced perspective of the play vis-à-vis the complex ways in which Islamophobia manifests and invites wider discursive considerations of discrimination, power and identity.
In this paper I want to make a case for scholarship in politics, particularly in government policy making. My argument is for a scholarly disposition in the politics of policy production. In my view, the scholastic point of view is required by scholars in contexts of political practice. Specifically, my intention – in this paper and in my scholarly work – is to bring scholarship to bear in the politics of policy production, not just in conceiving of this politics but also in its practice, which I am happy for now to refer to as “cognitive activism”, a term borrowed from the work of George Lakoff (2004: 73). For me, this is at the heart of scholarship in policy making: to render policy making a scholarly affair, to mobilize meanings that might not otherwise be evident or possible.
This study explains the collapse and the break of the Grand narrative in Sam Shepard’s “Buried Child” through a postmodern lens. The analysis examines how the play reflects the situations in which the acknowledged Grand narrative is broken inside the little unity of the society, the American family and its consequences. This study argues that “Buried Child” is a well-known and important work of postmodern literature generally that exposes the effects of breaking the Grand narrative’s effects on the individuals of the postmodern era. This study explains postmodernism, the pioneer of the concept of Grand narrative, and how Sam Shepard depicted them in his play.
CAPÍTULO 4: VALORES, ATITUDES E CRENÇAS PROMOTORAS DE INCLUSÃO.
Durante as últimas décadas, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) têm
vindo a transformar-se em espaços de maior diversidade (Bruner &
Miranda, 2016) e, apesar de ainda existirem grupos sub-representados,
é possível observar um maior número de estudantes com deficiência
(UNESCO, 2022). No entanto, a existência de barreiras de diferentes tipos
que impactam no desenvolvimento académico e na vida destes estudantes
está também amplamente evidenciada (Ahmed, 2012; Pérez-Castro, 2019;
Villalobos, 2021; Wahyuni et al., 2023). Não obstante, também é possível
encontrar perceções positivas e boas práticas em relação aos estudantes
com deficiência nas universidades (González & Roses, 2016; Moriña, 2019;
Polo & Aparicio, 2021).
Neste capítulo, começaremos por rever um quadro geral sobre a realidade
atual das IES em termos da sua abertura à diversidade, com um enfoque
específico na deficiência. Posteriormente, analisaremos a conceptualização
dos fatores ambientais e o seu comportamento como facilitadores ou
barreiras para alcançar a inclusão, com especial ênfase naqueles que
são determinados por valores, atitudes e crenças. Em seguida, refletiremos, com base nos dados atuais, sobre a forma como estas barreiras e
facilitadores atitudinais se manifestam no ambiente universitário. Por fim,
apresentamos as nossas conclusões e recomendações.
The subject matter of this final chapter is the development of an understanding of aging and professional power over the past 50 years, using examples drawn from social welfare and old age, through developing the theories and philosophies derived from the French social theorist, Michel Foucault. Whereas previous chapters focused on postmodernism and the body in Western culture, this chapter consolidates analysis of the aging body, to explore the interrelationship between discourse, professional power, and intersubjectivity. Foucault’s concepts and ideas have become significantly influential in a variety of social science disciplines. At the same time, they can be puzzling for those wishing to understand their implications for analyzing professional power and aging. Foucault was a “masked philosopher” who deliberately sought to avoid being aligned with any particular school of thought. Foucault has had a “huge impression” on criminological studies and allowed the discipline to develop a new theoretical language. Foucault is yet to have the same effect on social gerontology. Unfortunately, Foucault said little about aging, and one can only speculate as to the ingenuity of his insights on the subject had he lived into old age himself.
This chapter explores the relationship between language, identity, and activism in campus movements. It examines how language is used to construct and negotiate identity within activist communities and intersects with gender, sexuality, ethnicity, and other marginalised identities. By analysing activists' linguistic strategies, the chapter shows how language can be a powerful tool for resistance, inclusion, and social change. The research draws on empirical evidence from various disciplines, including sociolinguistics, critical discourse analysis, and social justice studies, to offer insights into how activists strategically use language to challenge dominant discourses and ideologies. It looks at how language can be used to transform activist movements, including reclaiming derogatory language, promoting inclusive terminology, and using language to dismantle oppressive systems and narratives. It offers valuable insights for promoting inclusivity, empowerment, and resistance within activist communities, thereby enriching our understanding of the role of language.
By triangulating Corpus Linguistics with Critical Discourse Analysis, this paper sought to discover how the British popular press and quality press represented two polar ends of body image with respect to weight which are: underweight and overweight. The discursive representation of the subcategories of underweight (skinny, size zero, thin, slim, and slender) and overweight (plump, curvy, fat, overweight and obese) was investigated thoroughly to find out related themes, arguments, and attitudes in the newspaper corpus built from news and opinion columns published in the Daily Mail, The Sun, The Guardian, and The Times over a three-year period. One of the most significant findings of this study is that regardless of the press genre, the weight related issues were identified with gender. The high frequency of lexis showing females is proof that body weight is labelled as a feminine issue. Another noteworthy observation is the link established between body mass and socio-economic status. While higher socio-economic status was marked with thinness, fatness was associated with lower economic status.
This work aims to demonstrate that linguistic acts often constitute false executions, diverging from the established rules of a linguistic game or the maxims of cooperation. Enunciation, in this sense, relies heavily on assumptions of ambiguity and vagueness, functioning primarily through an indeterminate inferential mechanism. Were this not the case, we would be compelled to exclude from discourse a significant number of linguistic forms that deviate from established classifications. Drawing on Austin’s concept of illocutionary force and conditions of happiness, as presented in his Harvard lectures, and integrating Grice’s analysis of logic and conversation, particularly his focus on implicature, this study highlights how certain assertive-representative expressions—despite their scientific inaccuracy—can still induce behavioral changes in recipients. By examining the performative nature of language and the dynamics of inference, we aim to shed light on how speakers navigate these linguistic ambiguities, offering a more comprehensive understanding of communication’s practical functions in real-world contexts. In doing so, we challenge traditional boundaries of linguistic theory, suggesting that the role of inference and expectation is more central to communication than previously acknowledged.
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