Introducing Cultural Studies
... In this vein, Baldwin and Longhurst [54] showed the role of culture in place-making and the importance of space in the making of culture. To Baldwin and Longhurst [54], this interrelationship coalesces around two key issues: (1) the ways power and resistance play out in people's daily practices and (2) the politics of representation in a place. ...
... In this vein, Baldwin and Longhurst [54] showed the role of culture in place-making and the importance of space in the making of culture. To Baldwin and Longhurst [54], this interrelationship coalesces around two key issues: (1) the ways power and resistance play out in people's daily practices and (2) the politics of representation in a place. Together, these issues of power and politics are said to define how people differentially appropriate spaces for cultural purposes, influencing the make-up of the landscape as their place-making. ...
... Similarly, Jackson [55] explained how people transform their landscape by appropriating the physical geography over time by engaging in cultural-related activities. Thus, central to this notion is the idea that sociocultural processes not only take place but also make place in a defined landscape [54,55]. Dear [56] and Raper and Livingstone [57] also highlighted the material and discursive ways in which power is exercised and the resultant social struggles of the powerless, which determine people's access to and appropriation of a place in a city. ...
Place-based planning has been applied in the past two decades, and it has started being incorporated into planning policy in the past decade in the Global North. On the other hand, bottom-up approaches applied in the Global South, for example, in informal settlements, embed place-based concepts from their conception. One of the roots of this slow incorporation of place-based planning into policies is the lack of agreement on what a place is and how and by whom it is created. This paper applies a desktop study to answer the following: what are the different approximations of the topics of place and place-making? And how is the concept of place investigated in informal settlements? This paper discusses the different conceptions of place and identifies the two main perspectives toward place-making: space-centred and people-centred approaches. These perspectives share goals but differ in focus on how and by whom places are constructed. This paper also analyses how the topic of place has been addressed when discussing informal settlements and the fundamental disparity in the literature forming the concepts of place (mainly arising from the Global North) and the process of constructing places in the Global South, and how the latter can help inform place-based planning.
... It opens communication across all cultures and other nationalities. Longhurst (2008) defines the term as a process of intermeshing world economies, politics, and culture into globalization, and ESL/EFL teachers working overseas develop the attitude of reflexivity in the classroom. Longhurst (2008) stated that when one seeks to understand and articulate current experiences with the previous experiences. ...
... Longhurst (2008) defines the term as a process of intermeshing world economies, politics, and culture into globalization, and ESL/EFL teachers working overseas develop the attitude of reflexivity in the classroom. Longhurst (2008) stated that when one seeks to understand and articulate current experiences with the previous experiences. ESL/EFL teachers negotiate their cultural and previous experiences with the current cultural and relationships experienced in a foreign country. ...
The present study explores teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Asia, their attitudes toward teaching English, the roles of teaching the English language, motivations, benefits, implications, and the reason they are highly recognized in non-English speaking countries. The researcher applied the qualitative method through semi-structured interviews with (n=4) Ghanaian teachers working in three countries in Asia as EFL instructors; their strengths and weaknesses were investigated. The result of semi-structured interviews revealed that Ghanaian teachers' primary role in Asia is to teach English and literacy skills. Moreover, the reasons they chose to work in Asia are higher salaries and better working conditions. Their inability to speak the local language and culture diversity were their weaknesses. Native and Non-native English teachers' preferences, which directly/indirectly affect English teaching, are discussed. The respondents' positive attitude toward English teaching overseas is also investigated and presented. This empirical study revealed the globalization of English in the 21st century.
... These traders help connect producers with consumers, creating an external collaborative practice between traders and product providers. Survival strategies employed by informal sector workers in Bali's tourist destinations are studied using a cultural studies approach (Arybowo, 2010;Handayani et al., 2017;Longhurst et al., 2016) and analyzed using social practice theory, deconstruction theory, the theory of moral economy of the peasant, and social capital theory. Social practice theory (Adib, 2012;Darbi & Knott, 2016;Widiastini, 2016; suggests that individuals actively shape and reform their practices according to their context. ...
The informal tourism sector plays a vital role in the local economies, particularly in destinations such as Bali. This aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8, which focuses on promoting decent work and economic growth. These workers, who are often ignored, greatly enrich the experience of tourism but encounter distinct obstacles on a daily basis. Gaining insight into their methods for staying alive is crucial. Informal workers face distinct limits compared to formal sector employees, resulting in less defined sustainability and growth strategies. A thorough investigation was carried out in nine regencies in Bali, utilizing observations and interviews, in order to examine these tactics. This method facilitated a comprehensive comprehension of their day-to-day routines and difficulties. The study identified four crucial survival strategies: implementing prudent financial management to sustain businesses and meet daily needs, utilizing communication skills to maintain income and continuity, enhancing social capital through positive relationships with fellow workers, and comprehending government policies. Out of these factors, effectively managing economic capital is crucial for maintaining livelihoods in the fiercely competitive tourism business. The results of this study provide a basis for future policies or interventions aimed at supporting and enhancing the lives of informal sector workers in tourist areas such as Bali.
... People create their own meaning for spaces through their movements and activities in those spaces (Certeau 1984). Home is defined as a space imbued with a sense of belonging, desire, and intimacy (Baldwin and McCracken 2014). Home is a more personal and informal space that is not limited to daily activities at the house but also acts as a domestic and social zone fostering social relationships (Blunt 2005). ...
The COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures such as social distancing massively affected individuals’ activities in different spaces. For example, social spaces such as restaurants, parks, and movie theaters are closed. To understand how adapted practices have changed the meanings and use of different spaces in the context of the pandemic, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 individuals living alone in a Midwestern state of the USA, focusing on changes in activities and spaces where these activities used to take place. Our findings revealed that non-technological (e.g., making slight adjustments, finding alternatives) and technological (e.g., transitioning to the virtual sphere) adaptation strategies changed the relationships between space and activity while reshuffling and decoupling activities from their usual spaces during the pandemic. Based on the findings, we propose a framework illustrating different space-activity dimensions to reflect the evolved relationships between space and activity. The framework will facilitate exploring associated challenges and opportunities for potential research and design of technology for adapted activities decoupled from the physical spaces. Towards that goal, we present design implications for future socio-technical systems to support adapting space and activities in the context of COVID-19.
... Cultural Studies emerged in universities in England and the United States during the 1960s and 1970s, amalgamating sociology, literary theory, film theory, and cultural anthropology to examine various cultural phenomena in contemporary industrial societies (Back et al., 2012;Baldwin & McCracken, 2014;Best & Kellner, 2020;Elliott, 2013;Murray, 2012). Cultural Studies researchers typically focus on the interplay between ideology, race, social class, technology, and gender (Few-Demo & Allen, 2020; Galamba & Matthews, 2021;Hesmondhalgh & Saha, 2013;Leurs, 2017;O'Donnell, 2020). ...
The aim of this study is to examine how male sexuality is visually portrayed in advertisements for men's perfume and to investigate the notions of masculinity, gender, and sexuality depicted therein. Through a visual text analysis approach rooted in social semiotic theory with literature study, the study examines 27 advertisements predominantly from Western countries (Specifically France and Italy), analyzing elements such as visual composition, gendered representations, and societal implications. The analysis of the sampled images reveals stereotypical representations of male and female sexuality, conveyed through the use of sexuality and gender concepts. For male consumers, exposure to these representations may lead to the internalization of these ideals, influencing their self-image and behavior. These representations not only maintain existing power differentials but also hinder progress towards gender equality and challenging societal norms.
... This is fitting since Cultural Studies has an eclectic presence that can be transdisciplinarily inserted into another discipline without having to be a hegemon. It is a paradigm to be set, not simply an indoctrination that should be rigidly pursued (Longhurst et al., 2008). ...
Culturepreneurship is a growing subject in Indonesia and in many parts of the world. It is a multi- and trans-disciplinary studies that combines tenets of entrepreneurship and cultural analysis. However, the connexion between these two disciplines are often to be not in complementary. The logic of entrepreneurship still dominates and leaves the cultural aspect of the discipline to be in the periphery. This article attempts to argue the importance of the cultural turn within culturepreneurship by incorporating Cultural Studies into the discussion. Specifically, since it is an initial stage of such effort, this article looks into Raymond Williams’ seminal contribution to Cultural Studies. His pioneering ideas on cultural materialism are the footing of later development of Cultural Studies. Other than theoretical discussions on Williams, the latter part of this article explores a case study of the 2022 Surabaya Great Expo to briefly manifest the attempt to do cultural turn in culturepreneurship.
... Representation can be defined as re-present, to bring back an object. However, representation does not simply copy the objects in real world, but it also produces a version of it [7]. Language is a form of representation, and representation theory argues that language is not a neutral instrument but a medium charged with a political and cultural ideology. ...
Technology development has affected various elements of life, including the way people shop and read books. Online retails like Amazon and the innovation of e-readers seem to bring an unpromising future for brick-and-mortar books, especially independent bookstores. However, American Booksellers Association reported that there is an increase of the number of independent bookstores. Interestingly, Instagram has a significant contribution to this resurgence of independent bookstores. This paper explores the use of Instagram by two independent bookstores in Jakarta, Aksara and Post, by analysing their posts. It also examines in what way these posts can convey their identity and ideology. The result of the analysis shows that besides for promotional purposes, independent bookstores can use Instagram to support the three key ideas of independent bookstores, namely community, curation, and convening. The analysis of their posts also reveals the ideology of independent bookstores as a space of empowerment and resistance.
... The role of these cultural products in the production of meaning of a certain society and culture, as highlighted by the scholarship of cultural studies and studies on popular culture, can also be applied to this programme and to all its episodes, as far as Basque society and Basque culture are concerned (cf. Longhurst, Smith, Bagnall, Crawford and Ogborn, 2017;Lusted, 1998;Miller, 2010;Miller and McHoul, 1998;Newcomb, 1974;Williams, 1963Williams, , 1974. ...
The television landscape is undergoing tremendous and rapid changes. In this context public broadcasters are having great difficulties to fulfil their commitment to the public they serve. This task is even harder for those entities related to minority cultures and languages. In this paper we identify some of the ways in which entertainment content can contribute to fulfilling the missions of these types of companies. We will mainly focus on the Basque Public TV, Euskal Telebista, but the results and conclusions drawn can be applied to other public service media companies of similar types, too.
... 1.1.1 Visibility and ubiquity of visual English: The cultural context Situated at an interface between a brief discussion of "visual culture" (Baldwin et al., 2004) in a digital age marked by an extensive use of "new communication technologies" (Jewitt, 2004) as a background on the one hand and, on the other, English studies, this paper examines, semiotically, "visual English" (Goodman, 2007) in contrast to verbal English. The general aim is to explore features of multisemiotic signification characteristic of visual English. ...
... From his very boyhood, Hughes"s sympathetic insight to animals, adventures and enthusiasm for local wild life, keen observation to their manner of living or perishing from the world etc., mark tempting (Christopher, R. 2017, pp. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. His association to all of these enterprises occurs as a habit formation in his entire life. ...
This study aims at understanding who the 'alienated selves' in Ted Hughes's poems are, and how they get alienated and what consequences they encounter in such a living. Hughes's characters, especially those who are remaining at the center and power, experience discrepancy, feelings of unease, disowning and displaced and find themselves immediately separated from the others. These persons have been identified here as the 'alienated selves'. Ted Hughes, a Nobel laureate poet of American origin, depicts man's ironical position under the guise of various animals. Imageries drawn from the wild life have been used as the vehicles towards transmitting his meanings to his audiences. Given that, Hughes's characters in his animal poems diagnose numerous human dilemmas: 'being' or 'not-being', virtues or vices, 'living with freedom' or 'loss of freedom' etc., on the backdrop of a war struck European society. The study acknowledges a transformation from 'self' to 'not-self', 'social-self' to 'true-self', or an 'individual-self'. Finally, it suggests harmonious living so that the angst and suffering of the alienated selves can be overcome.
... It is only a small, but significant, part of the methods that social anthropologists could use. In the same period of time, the development of cultural studies, shifted the attention to studying culture without using field work (Longhurst et al, 2016). The emergence of multimodality challenged logocentrism in social sciences (see Kress, 2003) and its use as a methodological tool to capture the growing mediatic and digital mediations, challenged the pre-eminence of fieldwork. ...
This article draws from a collaborative blog Our Quarantine Diaries created during the first COVID-19 confinement in Greece in 2020. In a context of sharing, participation, and solidarity, the blog aimed to facilitate an online/synchronous shared space between students and educators during this period of social distancing. The blog was a way to experiment and reflect through an ethnography of the ‘every day’ to capture aspects of our experiences in quarantine and communicate them to one another. Through the blog we attempted to trace how participant observation can help us understand this new condition of social distancing, using (self)observation, memory and imagination to grasp experience. The result was eighteen multimodal recordings consisting of visual, sonic, musical and verbal information. By the end of the process, we realized that the experiment helped us, if not to overcome, then to engage and to a degree, ‘exercise’ the fear of this new type of ‘evil’ through digital communication, ethnographic observation and anthropological analysis. In this article, we reflect on the digital aspects of the affective and emotional modalities of teaching/doing ethnography via the use of Our Quarantine Diaries blog during this unusual time.
... That is, we approach home as a pervasive affect perpetually present in one's cognitive-emotive processing. Since the meaning of home is culturally produced, like that of space and place (Baldwin et al., 1999), it has a shared meaning though liquid in character (Hubbard & Kitchin, 2010) and bear ambiguities at the level of individual appraisals. In other words, cultural significance of home is marked by variations in individuals' discourses constructed through their daily life experiences (Jackson, 1989) though demonstrating separate and combined features concurrently. ...
Home came into focus immediately upon learning that COVID-19 is highly contagious and spread by human contact. Precautions people can take to safeguard themselves included physical distancing, social isolation, and staying at home. Despite phases of loosening or tightening precautions in most parts of the world, home retained its safe space status, almost irrespective of geographical location. Recent studies have shown that safety, security, and familiarity are the most referred positive attributes of home. Challenging this attenuation by scholars, negative or mixed meanings of home were highlighted in literary work and critics. Based on our integrative perspective bringing scientific and literary work together, we argue that pandemic might lead to changes in the meaning of home both in positive and negative directions simultaneously, inducing an ambiguous experience or even engendering a situated ambivalence. In this regard, we retrospectively inquired about the changes in home’s meaning in its social, personal, and symbolic attributes. A data set of 66 participants from 15 cities in Turkey revealed that there are not only alterations in the existing connotations of home but also additional ones, in positive, negative, and both directions. Results obtained in the pandemic context were discussed in the light of home studies through a constructionist perspective.
... Palmberg (2001:199) points out that "culture is by nature complex". Given the evident breadth of the term 'culture' (Baldwin et al. 1999), it is a Sisyphean task to attempt defining it here. Still, for this article, Raymond Williams's definition is relevant. ...
Despite many attempts and debates, there is yet no consensus concerning the definition of culture or that of religion. However, several scholars see no difference between the two. Other scholars believe that although culture and religion are not the same, they go hand in hand in many respects. Either way, religion has been essential in the life of millions of Africans and much more significant in that of Hausa people across West Africa and beyond. Hausa and Islam are considered synonymous in that part of Africa as Arabic and Islam are in most parts of the world. Therefore, numerous Hausa cultural ideologies do largely overlap with Islamic faith and principles. The continuous rise of globalisation introduced yet another strand to these cultural ideologies, thereby making it more complicated for Hausa filmmakers to choose themes that are possibly acceptable to all. This article, thus, studies a ‘provocative’ Hausa film, Sumayya (dir. Kamal S. Alkali, 2018) that challenges a more accepted, established Muslim-Hausa belief in Ruqya (exorcism) and attempts to (re)construct another.
... The binary vocabulary of Orientalism defines the Orient versus the West as despotic versus democratic, irrational versus rational, and untrustworthy versus trustworthy (Baldwin et al., 2000). Said (1979) argues that an Oriental living in the Orient is seen to live "in a state of Oriental despotism" (p. ...
By applying framing analysis to the New York Times’ news articles, this study shows that during the nuclear negotiations and after the deal, Iran and its officials were framed with Orientalist stereotypes. The Foreign Minister was positively presented for his Western attributes and framed as an enemy for his affiliations with the government. President Rouhani’s framing discredited him by highlighting the despotic nature of Iran, and the Leader was presented as an irrational despot.
... "Essentialism is a doctrine which ascribes some fixed qualities or natures as a universal existence to certain persons... The basic principle of the stereotypical categorization in any culture is to operate in an essentialist way" [2]. ...
... Further, Mauss also asserts that humans can be exchanged as gifts and gifts can be seen as a marker of the status of the one giving them (Miller 2002: 416). Arjun Appadurai (1986in Longhurst 2008 contends that material objects have a social life so that the biography of things can be traced through the usefulness and meaning of those objects that change with time and space. ...
Archaeological relevance for the present has become an important issue in the world of archaeology. This paper aims to examine how the biography of artefacts of pottery fragments from the old Banten site, the site Banten sultanate of the sixteenth century AD became a marker of the cultural identity of the Banten people today. These pottery fragments were studied using Michael Thompson's rubbish (1979) theory which observes how the value of objects shifts from transient to rubbish to durable. Using the rubbish theory, archaeological practices that have only been aimed at scientific purposes can be useful for the people of Banten today. This paper will also discuss how people who have been ignored become an important part of archaeological practice and how archaeology can have an economic impact on today's society.
This research examines the representation of women against sexual violence in Photocopier, an Indonesian film directed by Wregas Bhanuteja. The film follows the story of Suryani, a college student who experiences sexual violence in her theatre group. The film depicts Suryani not merely as a powerless victim of sexual violence instead she is portrayed as a woman who is able to fight against negative circumstances and prejudice from her surrounding to get justice that she deserved. However, it turns out that such qualities do not necessarily makes her situation better as gender inequality and victim blaming still puts her in an unfavorable position as both sexual violence victim as well as a woman. Using qualitative content analysis method which examines the visual cues as well as dialogues from the film and applying Amy Allen’s theory of feminist power relation, the analysis shows how Suryani possesses and exercise the three types of feminist power posed by Allen, which are “power-to,” “power-over,” and “power-with,” in her relationship with other characters. The research findings from Suryani’s representation show that despite the powers that women possess to resist their subordinate position, women’s collective actions are immensely needed in order to create significant change in sexual violence case that often favor men and blame women.
The rapid development of communication and mass media has broadened the scope of interconnectedness and globalization among the world's nations and cultures. These interconnections have ushered a network of intercultural and linguistic contact among users of different lifestyles, as featured in the media. As media is often cited in the literature as a powerful tool that shapes and influences public opinion and behavior, the cultures of advanced and developed nations tend to be the model that influences underdeveloped and developing nations to converge into a mass culture. However, this is not without its consequences. This study explores the consequences of media influence on the youth in the local setting of Shillong, the state capital of Meghalaya, India. In particular, as a preliminary investigation, it attempts to survey the impact of popular culture on the Khasi youths in Shillong and to evaluate the influence of media broadcasts on the socio-psychological aspect of language choice appropriated by the Khasi youths. A total of 100 Khasi youth participants aged 16-30 years, both male and female, were included in the study. Our findings demonstrate that Khasi youths in Shillong tend to associate themselves with trending forms and ideologies indoctrinated through media stereotypes. This has resulted in a departure from traditional conservatism as they integrate into an identity of ‘sub-cultural’ construction. Furthermore, English among the many alternative languages in media broadcast was found to be positively favoured by the Khasis youths in Shillong due to its relative scope, extensive communicative value, and utility compared to other languages.
Place has certain connotations that are involved in shaping the identity of an individual or a community. Due to the importance of place or location in identity formation, Cultural Studies has its own area of analysis focusing on the understanding of place, which is cultural geography. Peter Jackson (1989: 23, quoted by Giles and Middleton 1999: 104) defines cultural geography as a study on how cultures are constituted by social practises occurring in certain contexts which are influenced by historical and geographical factors. The discussion of artistic works centred on the role of place in identity formation becomes an interesting analysis. This research focuses on Rudi Soejarwo's film Mendadak Dangdut ('Suddenly Dangdut'). The film's setting is a densely populated district in Jakarta. As the plot centres around this setting, an analysis of how place influences the identity formation of the film's main character becomes significant. The research is made using approaches in cultural geography, along with two key concepts in Cultural Studies, which are identity and representation. It is aimed at finding a new consciousness as to how urban context, especially that related to an understanding of place, takes part in the formation of identity of individuals and communities.
Medya antropolojisi, antropolojinin kuram ve yöntemleriyle medyanın çalışılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada medya antropolojisi, dil ve kültür temelli iletişim araştırmaları olarak tanımlanan ve medyayı kültürel bir metin olarak inceleyen kültürel çalışmalar ile kültürü insanların gündelik yaşam pratiği içinde inceleyen sosyal bilim dalı (kültürel) antropoloji ekseninde tanımları, kavramları, gelişimi, yöntemi ve araştırdığı konular etrafında ele alınmıştır. Geleneksel medyanın, sosyal medyanın ve dijital teknolojilerin insanların gündelik yaşam pratiklerine, sosyal ilişkilerine ve toplumsal değişimlere entegre olması ve dolayısıyla toplumsal yapının bir bileşeni haline gelişi medyanın antropoloji çalışmaları içerisinde yer almasını kaçınılmaz kılmıştır. İnsanı kendi doğal ortamında ve günümüzde sosyal medya uygulamalarıyla dijital ağlarda/platformlarda inceleyen antropologlar, toplumsal ilişkiler, örgütlenme, gündelik yaşam pratikleri üzerinde ve bireylerin sosyal dönüşümlere adapte olma süreçlerinde medyanın rolünü, işlevini ve etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Medya antropolojisi medyayı gündelik yaşamın ve sosyal ilişkilerin kurucu ve dönüştürücü bileşeni olarak incelemektedir. Kültürel çalışmalar ise medyayı kültürel bir metin olarak kabul etmekte ve toplumun etnik, dinsel, dilsel, cinsel, ırksal vb. alt kültürlerinin medya metinlerine karşı yaptığı farklı okumalar/yorumlamalarla, kültürel hegemonya karşısında almış oldukları tavrı ve yarattıkları kültürü araştırmaktadır.
In this paper I will develop a gender critique of scientific and medical idealizations of the human body and its health, which was performed out of gender and feminist studies, pointing also to women’s art. In the discourses of medicine, healthy and beautiful human – and especially the female human – body is revealed as an ideological construction, an affective agent and a biopolitical ideal that controls and regulates gender differences. My intention is to demonstrate that the discourses of medicine, feminism, and art are in a dialogue historically in relation to these topics. Following Tasha N. Dubriwny’s discussion of medical discourse and practice, I will map three phases in the development of Western medical discourses and point to the fact that they are in dialogue with feminist discourses and with the way how art treats and represents beautiful bodies, and/or sick bodies, with particular focus on female bodies. Discussion of the first phase of medical development points to the fact that visual art and photography were used to performatively help doctors to construct the female body as sick and deviant, as Didi Huberman showed. The second phase was the medicalization era, in which human bodies are expected to adhere to a standardized norm. In this period, within the framework of second wave feminism, feminist health activists appeared, forming the women's movement for health. Special attention will be directed to the third phase, the biomedicalization era or inclusion-and-difference paradigm, in which postfeminist discourses appeared and in relation to which I will discuss artworks by Hannah Wilke, Katarzyna Kozyra, and Orlan.
Central to the geography of media is the concept of place, which functions as a conduit for social construction and cultural memory. In the context of modernity and globalization, this chapter examines the relationship between location, locality, and media consumption. It is argued that the media has a substantial impact on place and locality, influencing the identities and worldviews of individuals. Local media play an especially important role in promoting and preserving local culture and characteristics. In the current media environment, however, local media confront the dilemma of either imitating global media or focusing on defending their local identity, which could cause them to become excessively localized. This chapter examines the emergence of local media in China and the United States, as well as the three phases of local media development in China. It also emphasizes the importance of comprehending the significance of place and locality, as well as their influence on people’s perceptions. With digital technologies such as mobile phones and the Internet revolutionizing the pace and scope of global communication, it is argued that the media’s influence on the lives of individuals is becoming more pervasive.
陳于揚(2023)。文化研究作為大學實踐藝術教育的取徑:一個串接學術與實務的思考。載於鄭曉楓(主編),2023寓意非凡「藝術教育實踐的承先啟後」研討會論文集(頁248–268)。國立臺灣藝術大學。[ ISBN: 978-626-7141-47-2 ]
For a long time, popular culture has assumed a central place in the debate on media content and consumption. Popular culture invades the lives of people and influences the attitudes and consumption patterns. With the changing dynamics of society, individuals experience overwhelming impact of messages in form of images, texts, and sounds. Therefore, common cultures with massive appeal are cultivated and become popular, irrespective of style. This chapter on the diffusion of mobile telephony popular culture is built on existing knowledge to draw a background on mobile telephony. Related literature explained the global emergence of mobile technology and established that mobile telephones have diffused in popular culture. While considering the shortfalls and scholarship, the study concluded that technological innovations have contributed to the popularity of mobile phones, and in the same way, the consumption needs of people have made the practices a popular trend.
Identity politics based on an interpretation of society as a system of power and privilege are increasingly influential within left-wing parties and movements. We used two cross-sectional samples composed of Spanish-speaking social media users (total N = 1684) to assess the relationship between psychological variables typically associated with left-wing identity politics and authoritarian attitudes. In Study 1, we tested perceived grievance, identity-based ideology, and prejudice towards groups perceived as privileged, which positively predicted left-wing authoritarianism, with large effect sizes. In Study 2, we replicated our results on identity-based ideology and observed that social justice attitudes also positively predicted left-wing authoritarianism. These results aid understanding of political attitudes among social media users and help to close the gap in relation to the wider literature on right-wing authoritarianism.
A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords Human-environment relationship Human-nature relationship Society-nature relationship Forest conflict Futures studies A B S T R A C T Forests are a crucial and contested part of nature. Their management is at the center of policies and conflicts around global sustainability aspirations and potential futures. Human attitudes and practices play major role in these policies and conflicts. This article focuses on the meanings humans attach to forests. These meanings act as drivers influencing activities and decision-making from forest use to governance, and escalation of forest conflicts. This article sets out 1) to establish and develop the concept of the human-forest relationship (HFR) in order to elaborate on people's forest-related meanings, and 2) to discuss the potentials of the HFR concept for forest policy and research with a focus on forest conflicts and potential futures. The HFR concept depicts a reciprocal relationship between humans and forests that is formed as a result of personal experiences, life histories, as well as cultural and societal backgrounds and environmental settings. HFR possesses the future dimension, as the forest-related meanings may be reflected in the expectations that humans connect to the future state of forests. As forests differ from other natural environments ecologically, culturally, politically, and socially, the HFR concept contributes in identifying, describing and analyzing these forest-specific meanings influencing forest policy and management.
本文旨在探討文化研究在實踐藝術教育中的應用,特別是透過大專院校中的文化研究課程和當代社會與文化理論課程進行考察。概要介紹文化研究的理論基礎和研究方法,接著探討如何將文化研究應用於實踐藝術教育。本文指出文化研究不僅是一種學術研究方法,也可以幫助學生在藝術教育中獲得更深入的理解和更豐富的經驗。同時,文章也探討了學術研究與實際工作之間的差距,以及在臺灣高等教育中學術教育和技術教育之間的差距,並提出透過藝術教育來增加它們的相互聯繫的建議。文化研究能夠作為學術與實務之間的橋樑,並能夠作為串接實務與學術的途徑。然而,目前仍存在學院內外界之間的壁壘與門檻,使得藝術教育實踐受到影響。因此,文章提出未來可以建立社會網絡、增加與外界的聯繫、建立跨領域合作等途徑,以促進學術與實務的交流與合作,並增加文化研究在實務上的運用。 [ The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of cultural studies in practical arts education, specifically through cultural studies courses and contemporary social and cultural theory courses in colleges and universities. This paper briefly introduces the theoretical basis and research methods of cultural studies, and then discusses how to apply cultural studies to practical art education. In addition, this paper points out that cultural studies are not only an academic research method, but also can help students gain a deeper understanding and richer experience in art education. At the same time, this paper also explores the gap between academic research and practical work, as well as the gap between academic education and technical education in higher education in Taiwan and proposes to increase their interconnection through arts education. Cultural studies can serve as a bridge between academia and practice, and to connect practice and academia. However, there are still barriers and thresholds between the inside and outside of the academy, which affects the practice of art education. Therefore, this paper proposes ways to establish social networks, increase contact with the outside world, and establish cross-field cooperation in the future to promote academic and practical exchanges and cooperation, increasing the application of cultural studies in practice. ]
The uncertain modes of production in a colonially disturbed society result into toxic anxieties, far-reaching frustrations, and consequential transgressions. Irrespective of local cultural values, the western imperialism has cultivated its ends by politically prioritizing the western modes of production as the avant-garde alternatives for the people of traditional economic conditions. It is also through a high-yielding relationship between seduction and appropriation that the imperial powers make the modern market inevitable and indispensable for the subjugated public at large. Correspondingly, the neophytes—the subjects of modern markets—too accept the contractually transfiguring enterprises publicized through newly established discursive practices. This metamorphosing but a culturally vital process has been intimated by an Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz in his novel Midaq Alley published in 1947. The characters of this novel experience certain paradoxes of appropriation and transfiguration for the colonially syllabized market fetishes. Above all, the metaphor of crippling in this fiction signifies the repercussions of (atrophying) modernity in Cairo. The research, therefore, critically evaluates the intersubjective modes of production in Midaq Alley which (tend to) cripple and appropriate the masses in accordance with the norms of modernity in market.
This text-oriented discourse analysis aims to evaluate and compare the language voiced by the two Islamic female clerics’ (Ustazah Aisah Dahlan and Mamah Dedeh) in their preaching as well as their stances towards the Discourse of Muslim Woman’s Body, Sexuality and Domestication posted on their affiliated Youtube accounts during this Covid-19 pandemic. The data (two video transcripts with the duration 09 minutes 04 seconds and 42 minutes and 54 seconds, respectively) were taken based on stratified purposeful sampling. Using transitivity system (ideational metafunction of language) postulated by M.A.K. Halliday(2014) and language evaluation theory (interpersonal metafunction of language) developed by Martin and White (2005), it was found that Aisah Dahlan’s preaching was dominated by attributive relational process and positive judgment in heteroglossic expressions to justify Muslim men’s attitudes and behaviors, whereas negative judgment in force expressions were deployed in discussing the Muslim woman’s body, sexuality, and domestication discourse. On the contrary, Mamah Dedeh’s preaching was dominated by the material process and positive judgement of sanction which indicates that husband and wife share equal responsibility in the household.Keywords: Ustazah, Text-Oriented Discourse Analysis, Muslim Woman’s Body, Islamic views on Sexuality, Domestication of woman, Transitivity analysis, appraisal analysis
Drawing on the notion of cultural translation and agenda-setting theory, this study examines the role that translation plays in facilitating cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication within the context of news translation. It is based on a case study of Culture Weekly —a four-page section published every Monday in Reference News , the most widely circulated daily newspaper in China. This study analyzes a comparable corpus of Chinese news articles from Culture Weekly and their English-language versions from various media outlets between February and March 2022. The study finds that the newspaper mainly used strategies of acculturation and literal translation and that it set the agenda for its domestic readers by highlighting particular cultural issues and disseminating certain cultural values. This case study provides insight into how news translation, as a form of recontextualization, strikes a delicate balance between accuracy and acceptability and how it mediates between source and target cultures within the institutional setting. The resulting translation reflects the editorial attitudes of the media outlet toward various cultural issues and manifests the relationship between the newspaper and its readership.
This mixed methods study investigates teachers' well-being in online education by looking at their linguistic and professional identity construction in the context of offline and online education. Teachers' identity construction in online education sheds light on their virtual identities (Kramsch 2009) as well as their emotional and psychological responses (Fekete 2020a, 2020b) to online education. The paper seeks to prove that identity construction is shaped by the language spoken by the person, the context of the person, and other individual differences of the person. Therefore, the author proposes that identity construction should be envisaged as a complex dynamic system of the person's individual differences that responds to changes in the levels of the system as well as environmental stimuli. Twenty-six teachers from eight countries participated in the research by completing a sentence completion task administered online. The large textual datasets were analyzed using qualitative content analysis that pointed out emerging themes. Then, descriptive statistics was employed to detect trends and frequencies, shining light on changes in the participants' emotions and identity construction in the various contexts. The findings point out that offline and online education shape teachers' identity construction as well as their psychological and emotional responses very differently. The results also pinpoint the difficulties teachers were faced with in online education and how these difficulties shaped their psychological, emotional and identity responses to the novel circumstances of their profession.
This article provides insights into dealing with complexities in the Digital Humanities project exploreAT!. By exploring a non-standard language collection for cultural insights, a three-fold approach is presented looking into concrete realizations and solutions of tackling challenges in terms of Open Innovation infrastructure, technology and the topic of choice, food. Methods and processes applied and developed in the project are aimed to serve as examples for future projects with similar data sets.
In this article, I will discuss the appearance and meaning of the terms feminist avant/garde and feminaissance. I will point to the differences in the mediums of these two fields of cultural production (verbal art and visual art). I am interested in the way these terms help us to construe histories but also impact the contemporary production of radical feminist practices. The notion of the feminist avant-garde was introduced by the American critic Elizabeth A. Frost in 2003 in order to point to the feminist avant-garde poetry tradition. In 2016, the curator Gabrielle Schor introduced the same term, using it for the international exhibition of performance artists from the 1970s. In both fields, the term avant-garde had been used to refer to male artistic and poetry practices. By applying it to radical women?s poetry and performance practices, these practices became visible, valued and recognizable. Feminaissance was introduced in the US in 2007 and referred to the several exhibitions dedicated to female art. The term expressed the optimistic re-actualization of female art, but at the same time, it provoked polemics regarding the contemporary construction of feminist art history. In the field of experimental poetry, feminaissance was used with the same meaning in 2007, at a conference dedicated to feminist experimentation. Within the visual arts, the term feminaissance foregrounded the problematics of the historization of female art, while in experimental poetry this discussion took place around the feminist positions of essentialism and anti-essentialism.
The interest in this topic comes as part of the modern trends to study the
architectural heritage of nations. Most of the studies that interpreted the Islamic
heritage architecture had a high degree of generalization and narrative
approaches that called for precise studies concerned with the main
characteristics, patterns and the prevailing shapes amongst different regions and
periods. This study attempts to develop an analytical approach by studying the
design characteristics of a specific element and discovering its evolution and
spread in different cultures, regions and periods. The dome was selected for the
study because it represents a symbolic element in different civilizations and
conduction of a comparative study identified the design characteristics in these
regions. The study adopted a quantitative analysis approach to data collection
and data analysis. The developed analytical framework can be employed for
different architectural elements or functional types.
Keywords: dome, dome in Islamic architecture, Islamic regions, heritage
architecture, design characteristics, design variables
Over 150 languages are spoken in the Philippines. Considering that only English and Filipino are the official national languages, this is a contentious arena in the Philippines. In this context, the Spanish government has been promoting the Spanish language, adding another layer of political meaning, bringing to the present some of the old colonial discourses. This article explores Spain’s promotion of the Spanish language in the Philippines. Following a semiotic approach, it analyses Spanish official discourses on language and the way that they are represented in several Spanish official exhibitions about the Philippines. This work argues that the Spanish language is portrayed in terms of symbolic power. Furthermore, focusing on Pierre Bourdieu´s concepts, the politics of the Spanish language promotion are analysed in the midst of those language policies at play in the Philippines.
Civil liberties and rights such as freedom of expression, press, thought, religion, association, lifestyle, and equality against the law are being subjected to controversies in Western countries. We developed two hypotheses aimed at explaining divergent attitudes toward civil liberties among politically charged online communities on each side of the political spectrum. A study using a cross-sectional sample of social media users (N = 902) suggest that, as expected by our hypotheses, support for civil liberties tend to be higher among online groups of rightists-with economic conservatism being the only direct positive predictor and left-wing authoritarianism being a strong negative predictor. These results are discussed in relation to polarization over civil liberties and perceived power imbalances between online groups.
Este artigo apresenta um breve histórico sobre a origem do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande descrevendo inicialmente suas raízes no Curso de Desenho Industrial criado em 1978. Posteriormente descreve como se caracterizam a área de concentração e as duas linhas de pesquisas que atualmente integram o programa. O texto destaca as diversas abordagens para a investigação de temas que espelham a importância do programa e o potencial de impacto social das pesquisas para a região e o país. O artigo conclui traçando possíveis desdobramentos para a continuação e a revisão do escopo do programa visando atender às novas demandas da área.
Global development has broken through the boundaries of space, time, cultural assumptions, and the scope, structure, and function of human society. It not only demands new ways of thinking and organization, but also opens up new imperatives for investigating linkages between thought and action, knowledge and being, structure and process. These new imperatives of global development demand a new way of communication in order to achieve skill in the process of intercultural interaction. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the principles and practice of intercultural communication skill in the context of the Indian concepts of Advaita, Sahridayata, and Samdarsana.
Pokémon Go is a hugely popular hybrid reality game (HRG) that allows players to occupy a space that is both physical and digital. Since its release in late 2016, it has been downloaded over 750 million times to date, and it is still played by over 5 million players on a daily basis. This paper reports on two original research projects. The first was conducted between May 2017 and July 2017 and received 375 responses from general Pokémon Go players. The second was conducted between January 2019 and February 2019 and received 159 responses from parents who play Pokémon Go with their children. In the context of our second study, a number of these respondents did not begin playing Pokémon Go because they were interested in it themselves, but rather because of their children’s desire to play this game. Accordingly, for these parents, Pokémon Go facilitated a form of joint media engagement (JME) that enabled them to extend and develop their familial relationships Markedly, our research also found that the game mechanics of this HRG implicitly challenged family hierarchies, as parents were often required to continue playing Pokémon Go at times when their children were unable to join them. In these instances, children effectively outsourced their digital labour to parents who were willing to work in return for extended periods of sociability. This short talk will contextualise these issues through the findings from the first study, which focused on the social, spatial and physical effect of Pokémon Go on players.
Cultural tourism has been identified as one of the most important areas for global tourism demand. The importance of this market has created a need for information on the characteristics, behaviors, and motivations of cultural tourists. These include experiencing the local culture, tradition and lifestyle, participating in arts-related activities, and also visiting museums, monuments and heritage sites (Richards 2001; Barton 2005). Cultural tourism has being the world most emerging trend of the overall travel and tourism in gaining reputation in recent years after ecotourism (Chap. 8).
General Philology deals with the language of literary masterpieces and other kindred varieties of complex linguistic expression. It researches processes in which meaning emerges in aesthetically and intellectually advanced texts. The range of problems that are connected to this main issue comprises cultural syncretism, multilingual intertextuality, and epistemic interpretation. The general-philological perspective adopted in this book enables to identify frequently neglected connections among texts written in different languages and in cultures perceived as different. It furthermore favors a step toward even more general form of general philology that is called in this book global philology.
Is cultural studies an academic discipline? And does it want to be a discipline? Are we dealing with a specific Anglo-Saxon phenomenon? Is it a coincidence that in recent decades it has been able to establish itself in the least formalized disciplines of the humanities, such as media, television and film studies and art history? In this article I have examined two Dutch publications according to their own method of 'deconstruction': 'Television Studies' [2004, Joke Hermes & Maarten Reesink] and 'Cultural Studies. Theory in practice' [2009, Jan Baetens, Joost de Bloois, Anneleen Masschelein & Ginette Verstraete]. Original article was published in Dutch in 2010: ‘Beeldcultuur, een drieluik. I. Deconstructie van het fenomeen culturele studies’, in: Designgeschiedenis Nederland, p. 1-42, https://www.designhistory.nl/2010/beeldcultuur-ontleding-van-een-academisch-fenomeen/
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