New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary

Abstract

Two new species of the genus Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 from Hungary are described and illustrated. Characters shared
by both species are the number of eyes (0+0), the labial chaetotaxy (M1M2rEL1L2) and the chaetotaxy of abdominal segment II (pABq1q2). P. csafordi sp. nov., characterized by dorsal macrochaetae formula R0R1R2R3TP/32/0201+2s, inhabits alluvial forests, while P. dungeri sp. nov., characterized by dorsal macrochaetae formula R0R1sR1R2TP/10/0201+2, was collected from a mid-montain steppic grassland.

Full text

Accepted by W. M. Weiner: 5 Jan. 2018; published: 21 Feb. 2018
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN
1175-5334
(online edition)
Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347
–
366
http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/
Article
347
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:219FC4CC-C68A-4FC0-BFF8-BBFD756F8364
New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae)
from Hungary
DANIEL WINKLER
1,3
& EDUARDO MATEOS
2
1
University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Wildlife Management and Vertebrate Zoology, Bajcsy-Zs. str. 4, H–9400 Sopron,
Hungary. E-mail: winklerdanielandras@gmail.com
2
Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Dia-
gonal 643, 08028 – Barcelona; Spain. E-mail: emateos@ub.edu.
3
Corresponding author
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 from Hungary are described and illustrated. Characters shared
by both species are the number of eyes (0+0), the labial chaetotaxy (M
1
M
2
rEL
1
L
2
) and the chaetotaxy of abdominal seg-
ment II (pABq
1
q
2
). P. csafordi sp. nov., characterized by dorsal macrochaetae formula R
0
R
1
R
2
R
3
TP/32/0201+2s, inhabits
alluvial forests, while P. dungeri sp. nov., characterized by dorsal macrochaetae formula R
0
R
1s
R
1
R
2
TP/10/0201+2, was
collected from a mid-montain steppic grassland.
Key words: taxonomy, chaetotaxy, dorsal macrochaetae formula
Introduction
Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 is a widespread genus and represented by around 200 species in Europe (Bedos
2013). The Hungarian checklist of Collembola reports 15 species of this genus (Dányi & Traser 2008), including
two troglobitic species originally described from Hungary. P. aggtelekiensis (Stach, 1929), recently redescribed by
Kováč & Rusek (2012), inhabits the Baradla Domica cave system, while P. argentea Loksa, 1961 nec Folsom is
known only from the Lóczy cave in Lake Balaton Uplands (Dányi 2011). Opportunistic soil fauna surveys of
alluvial forests and pannonic grasslands resulted in records of several Pseudosinella species, including two species
that proved to be new to science.
The new species belong to the group of species without eyes. In the present contribution their descriptions
accompanied by detailed illustrations are given. Dorsal central macrochaetotaxy of the head is usually provided in
Pseudosinella species descriptions using the "RST" notation system of Gisin (1967a). This system assigns one
code to each dorsal macrochaeta, but not to the mesochaetae. As it was clearly stated by Soto-Adames (2010), with
this notation it is impossible to establish chaetotaxic homologies between species with different number of
macrochaetae in this region of the head. The use of "AMS" nomenclature (sensu Soto-Adames 2010) is useful to
resolve this problem because each chaeta is clearly identified irrespective of its morphology (mesochaeta or
macrochaeta).
Material and methods
In April 2017, soil samplings have been carried out in the North Hungarian Mountains and in the West-
Transdanubian region in Hungary. Springtails were extracted from the hand collected litter and soil samples within
14 days using a modified Berlese–Tullgren apparatus (without light or heating devices). Specimens were observed
under a Leica DM2500 LED microscope with conventional bright light and phase contrast.
For the taxonomic description the following terms and codes were used: dorsal head macrochaetae and labial

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chaetotaxy established by Gisin (1964a, b, 1967a, b) and Gisin & Gama (1969) were followed, except for
macrochaetae row An on dorsal head (Barra 1975); the notation of Wang et al. (2003) for dorsal head
supplementary macrochaetae R
1s
; macrochaetae R
3
and P following Jordana & Baquero (2007). For dorsal cephalic
chaetotaxy we also used the “AMS” nomenclature system (Soto-Adames 2010). For postlabial chaetotaxy the
system proposed by Soto-Adames (2010) was followed. Dorsal chaetotaxy schemes of thoracic and abdominal
segments follow Gisin (1967a) and Szeptycki (1972, 1979), except for chaeta m7a on abd. III (following Wang et
al. 2003) and chaeta p8p on abd. III (following Mateos 2008). Tergal specialized chaetae (S-chaetae) follow Zhang
& Deharveng (2015).
Abbreviations and symbols in text and figures: ant.—antennal segment, th.—thoracic segment, abd.—
abdominal segment, I–VI—segment numbers, troc organ—trochanteral organ, psp—pseudopore.
Taxonomic section
Family Entomobryidae Tömösváry, 1882
Genus Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897
Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.
Figs 1–20, Tab 1
Type material. Holotype: female on slide (slide code: HNHM-collpr-800), Csáfordjánosfa, com. Győr-Moson-
Sopron (Hungary), 161 m asl, N 47°24'45" E 16°57'52", from forest litter, hand collecting, 15.iv.2017, leg. D.
Winkler. Paratypes: 2 males (slide codes HNHM-collpr-801 and WD-coll-111) and 2 females (slide code: WD-
coll-112 and LP532) on slides; same data as holotype. The holotype and one paratype are deposited in the
Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM), Budapest. Two paratypes preserved in the first author’s collection at
the University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry, Sopron, Hungary; one paratype kept in E. Mateos’ collection.
FIGURE 1. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov. (habitus)

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NEW PSEUDOSINELLA FROM HUNGARY
FIGURE 2–5. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 2, ant. III sensillar organ; 3, labrum; 4, labial papilla E with lateral process; 5,
labial triangle (right side) and ventral cephalic groove with labial and postlabial chaetotaxy.
Other material. 2 females, Rum, Rumi Forest, com. Győr-Moson-Sopron (Hungary), 181 m above sea level,
N 47°05'39" E 16°49'41", from forest litter, hand collecting, 15.vii.2017, leg. D. Winkler & Sz. Safián. Preserved in
96% alcohol (vial code: PSE-CSA-v014) in the first author’s collection at the University of Sopron, Faculty of
Forestry, Sopron, Hungary.
Diagnosis. Small-sized Pseudosinella species, eyes and pigmentation absent. Labial chaetotaxy M
1
M
2
rEL
1
L
2
,
r strongly reduced. Dorsal macrochaetae formula R
0
R
1
R
2
R
3
TP/32/0201+2s (Fig. 6). Abdominal tergite II
chaetotaxy: pABq
1
q
2.
Abd. IV accessory chaeta s anteriorly to trichobothrial complex present. Antennae and legs
without scales. Unguis with one odd tooth, unguiculus outer lamella serrated.
Etymology. The species is named after the locus typicus (Csáford-forest).
Description. Holotype body length 1.26 mm (without head nor furca), paratypes 0.76–1.10 mm. Without
pigment (Fig. 1). Antennal length to head diagonal length ratio 1.4–1.6 (head diagonal measured from the cervical

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edge to apex of mouth part). Relation of antennal joints I–IV as 1 : 2.1 : 1.8 : 3.4. Ant. III sensillary organ
composed of two leaf-like sensilla, two guard sensilla and a short rod (Fig. 2).
Ant. IV without apical bulb. Arrangement of chaetae on labrum 4/554, prelabral chaetae ciliated, first, second
and apical row of labral chaetae smooth (Fig. 3). Labrum intrusion inverted U-shaped, labral edge with no
differentiated papillae (Fig. 3). Outer maxillary palp with two smooth chaetae and three smooth sublobal hairs.
Lateral process (sensu Fjellberg 1999) on papilla E slightly curved, surpassing top of papilla (Fig. 4). Labial
anterior row formed by 5 smooth chaetae (a1–a5); formula of basal row M
1
M
2
rEL
1
L
2
with all chaetae ciliated
except for vestigial smooth microchaeta r. Ventral cephalic grove with 4+4 ciliated chaetae (Fig. 5). Other
postlabial chaetae ciliated except for three strongly reduced smooth microchaetae (Fig. 5).
Dorsal cephalic macrochaetae formula R
0
R
1
R
2
R
3
TP (Fig. 7). Following AMS notation system the dorsal head
macrochaetae are: R
0
=A
0
, R
1
=A
2
, R
2
=A
3
, R
3
=M
1
, T=S
3
, and P=Pa
5
. Maximum number of macrochaetae An on
head 8+8 (Fig. 7). Eyes absent.
Body macrochaetae 32/0201+2 (Fig. 7). Dorsal chaetotaxy of th. II–III and abd. I as on Figs 8–10. Mesothorax
with three macrochaetae (p2, p3 and p5). Two anterolateral S-chaetae (al and ms) also present. Th. III with two
macrochaetae (p2 and p3). Anterolateral sensillum al present. Abd. I with lateral S-microchaeta (ms) external to
a6. Chaetotaxy of abd. II–III as in Figs 11–12. Abd. II chaetotaxy between two dorso-medial trichobothria
FIGURE 6–7. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 6, distribution pattern of dorsal macrochaetae (filled circles), trichobotria
(lines) and pseudopore (Ø); 7, dorsal head chaetotaxy, broad black circles—long ciliated macrochaetae, small black circles—
short ciliated macrochaetae (nomenclature “RST” – right side, normal letters, nomenclature “AMS” – left side, italicized
letters).

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FIGURE 8–10. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 8, th. II dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated
macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore; 9, th. III dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae,
psp—pseudopore; 10, abd. I dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), psp—pseudopore.

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FIGURE 11–12. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 11, abd. II complete chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad
ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore; 12, abd. III complete chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated
macrochaetae, small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore.
pABq
1
q
2
using Gisin’s symbols (Gisin 1967b); following Szeptycki (1979) notation p=a2p, A=a2, B=m3, q
1
=m3e
and q
2
=p4. Length of macrochaeta B near double (1.9x) of macrochaeta A. Abd. III chaeta d3 present. Chaetotaxy
and trichobothrial complex on abd. IV as in Figs 13–14. Macrochaetae B5, B6, C1, D3, E2, E3, E4, F1 and F3
broader with broad socket, while D2, D3p, De1, De3, E1, E4p, E4p2, F3p, Fe5, T6 and T7 thinner with smaller
socket. Abd. IV chaetae associated with two trichobotria fan-shaped. Accessory chaeta s associated with
trichobotrium T2 present. Abd. V with three S-chaetae typical for Pseudosinella.
Legs without scales. Trochanteral organ with up to 13 smooth spiny chaetae forming a V shape pattern (Fig.
15). Unguis and unguiculus as in Fig. 16. Unguis with sub-equal paired basal teeth at 35% from inner edge, and
with unpaired inner tooth at 52% from inner edge. A small apical tooth at 86% present in two specimens (Fig. 16),
but absent in all other specimens. A short external tooth also present. Unguiculus lanceolate, external lamella
serrated from the middle of lamella. Tibiotarsal tenent hair spatulate, supraempodial chaeta smooth and acuminate.
Ratio of supraempodial chaeta / unguiculus around 1.0.
Ventral tube without scales; 6+6 ciliated chaetae on anterior side and 5+5 ciliated chaetae on posterior side;
lateral flap with a maximum of 2 smooth and 5 ciliated chaetae (Fig. 17). Mucro as on Fig. 18. Manubrium
ventrally with scales. Manubrial plate with 2 inner chaetae and 2 chaetae outer the 2 pseudopores (Fig. 19).
Ecology and distribution. P. csafordi sp. nov. was found in the upper layer and litter of an old-growth alluvial
oak-elm-ash relict forest fragment (Fig. 20). Its soil is soggy by floods in early spring, triggering a mass blooming

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of the Spring Snowflake (Leucojum vernum). This new Pseudosinella is a silvicolous, phytodetriticolous and
hygrophil species.
Discussion. Based only on the simple four digit code (Rxxx) of dorsal head macrochaetotaxy commonly used
for Pseudosinella species description, it is not possible to discern the topology of dorsal head macrochaetae (and
for this reason no such code is given for P. csafordi sp. nov.). The first digit (R) refers to the presence or absence of
R macrochaetae, without specifying the exact name or number of chaetae (R
1
, R
2
or R
3
). The second digit (number)
usually refers to the presence-absence of macrochaeta S, but it is also used for indicating the presence of R
3
which
can lead to confusion. The third digit (number) indicates the presence-absence of macrochatea T (and also of T’ in
some species), while the fourth digit (number) refers to the presence-absence of subocular macrochaeta P. Species
FIGURE 13–14. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 13, abd. IV chaetotaxy, broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae,
small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, open circles—mesochaetae, triangles—fan-shaped chaetae, x—trichobotria,
psp—pseudopore; 14, abd. IV trichobothrial complex.

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FIGURE 15–19. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 15, trochanteral organ; 16, leg III unguis and unguiculus; 17, ventral tube
anterior view (left side) and posterior view (right side), circles—ciliated chaetae; 18, mucro and apical part of dens; 19,
manubrial plate, black circles—ciliated macrochaetae, Ø—pseudopore.

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FIGURE 20. Type locality (Csáford-forest) of Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov. (Photo: D. Dulai)
with formula R111 can actually bear the macrochaetae R
0
R
1
R
2
STP but can also be interpreted as R
0
R
1
R
2
R
3
TP. On
the other hand, also R011 can be defined not only as R
0
R
1
R
2
TP, but also as R
0
R
1
R
2
R
3
TP. It is therefore necessary
to revise all species without eyes and with dorsal macrochaetae formulae of either R111/32/0201+2 or R011/32/
0201+2 to justify the new species status of P. csafordi sp. nov. (Table 1). By reviewing the related literature and
also using the electronic Delta key of Pseudosinella (Jordana et al. 2016), the presence of macrochaeta R
3
was not
confirmed in any of the species listed in Table 1. Accordingly, P. csafordi sp. nov. has a unique dorsal
macrochaetae formula among the species without eyes, being the only one bearing dorsal cephalic macrochaeta R
3
.
Except for the presence of the R
3
macrochaeta, the new species is similar to P. subilliciens Mateos 1993 and P.
jacetanica Jordana & Baquero 2007, sharing the same basal labial chaetotaxy, the presence of abd. IV accessory
chaeta s and similar morphology of claw. P. csafordi sp. nov. differs from P. subilliciens by the smooth anterior
labial chaetae a1–a5 (short-ciliated in P. subilliciens), while clavate tenent hair differentiates the new species from
P. jacetanica (tenent hair acuminate). Further species with the same labial chaetotaxy include P. a e l l e ni , Gama,
1973, P. la mp e r t i (Schäffer, 1900) and P. noseki Rusek, 1985, but all of these species miss the supplementary
chaeta s on abd. IV. Furthermore, both P. aelleni and P. lamperti are cave related species, while P. csafordi sp. nov.
was found in soil-surface habitat. The remaining species (P. arrasatensis Beruete & Jordana, 2002 in: Beruete et al.
2002, P. dobati Gisin, 1965, P. duprei Beruete & Jordana, 2002 in: Beruete et al. 2002, P. gineti Cassagnau, 1955,
P. inflata Bonet, 1929, P. pieltaini Bonet, 1929, P. subinflata Gisin & Gama, 1969, P. subterranea Bonet, 1929, P.
tarraconensis Bonet, 1929 and P. unguiculata Bonet, 1929) are all cave related, and besides from the absence of
dorsal cephalic marcochaeta R
3
, the pattern of basal labial chaetae clearly differentiates them from P. csafordi sp.
nov. (Table 1).

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LQ%HUXHWHet al.
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P. duprei %HUXHWH-RUGDQD
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P. pieltaini%RQHW 5 555673 PPUHOO  D   EV± ± FDYH
P. subinflata *LVLQ*DPD 5 555673 P0PUHOO  D   F± ± FDYH
P. subterranea %RQHW 5 555673 0PPUHOO  D   EV± ± FDYH
P. tarraconensis%RQHW 5 555673 PPUHOO  D   F± ± FDYH
P. unguiculata%RQHW 5 555673 PPUHOO  D  ± EV±  FDYH
P. aelleni *DPD 5 55573 00U(// ± D   EV± ± FDYH
P. gineti&DVVDJQDX 5 55573 PPUHOO D  ± EV± ± FDYH
P. lamperti6FKlIIHU 5 55573 00U(// ± D  ± EV±  FDYH
P. jacetanica -RUGDQD%DTXHUR 5 55573 00U(//  D   DV ± VXUIDFH
P. noseki 5XVHN 5 55573 00U(// ± D   EV±  VXUIDFH
P. subilliciens0DWHRV 5 55573 00U(// F ± ± DV ± VXUIDFH


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Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.
Figs 21–40, Tab 2
Type material. Holotype: female on slide (slide code: HNHM-collpr-802), Rigó Mount, Börzsöny Mountains,
com. Pest (Hungary), 310 m asl, N 47°46'32" E 18°56'12", from soil-litter, hand collecting, 11.iv.2017, leg. D.
Winkler. Paratypes: two females (slide codes HNHM-collpr-803 and WD-coll-114) and one male (slide code: WD-
coll-115) on slides; 8 specimens in alcohol (vial code HNHM-coll-954); same data as holotype. The holotype and
one paratype are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest; two paratypes preserved in the
first author’s collection at the University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry, Sopron, Hungary.
Diagnosis. Small white species, eyes absent. Labial chaetotaxy M
1
M
2
rEL
1
L
2
, chaeta r strongly reduced.
Dorsal macrochaetae formula R
0
R
1s
R
1
R
2
TP/10/0201+2. Abdominal tergite II chaetotaxy: pABq
1
q
2.
Abd. IV
accessory chaeta s anteriorly to trichobothrial complex absent. Antennae and legs without scales. Unguis with one
odd tooth, unguiculus outer lamella smooth.
Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Dr. Wolfram Dunger, who made an extensive research on
the Collembola fauna of the Börzsöny Mountauins, Hungary, describing from there seven species new to science
and 30 species new for the Hungarian fauna.
FIGURE 21. Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov. (habitus)
Description. Holotype body length 0.79 mm (without head nor furca), paratypes 0.73–0.94 mm. Body without
pigment (Fig. 21). Antennae and legs without scales, manubrium ventrally with scales. Antennal length to head
diagonal length ratio 1.4–1.6. Relation of antennal segments I–IV as 1 : 1.8 : 1.6 : 3.2. Sensillary organ on ant. III
with two leaf-like sensilla, two guard sensilla and a short rod (Fig. 22). Apical bulb on ant. IV absent. Ciliated
prelabral chaetae and smooth labral chaetae in typical arrangement and number 4/554 (Fig. 23). Labral apical
intrusion inverted U-shaped (Fig. 23), labral edge with no differentiated papillae. Maxillary palp with two smooth
lobal chaetae and three smooth sublobal chaetae. Lateral process (sensu Fjellberg 1999) of outer (E) labial papilla
slightly curved, surpassing top of papilla (Fig. 24).

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FIGURE 22–25. Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.: 22, ant. III sensillar organ; 23, labrum; 24, labial papilla E with lateral
process; 25, labial triangle (right side) and ventral cephalic groove with labial and postlabial chaetotaxy.
Labial anterior row consists of 5 smooth chaetae (a1–a5); formula of basal row M
1
M
2
rEL
1
L
2
with all chaetae
ciliated except for strongly reduced smooth microchaeta r (Fig. 25). Ventral cephalic grove with 4+4 ciliated
chaetae (Fig. 25). Among ciliated postlabial chaetae two vestigial smooth microchaetae also present (Fig. 25).
Dorsal cephalic macrochaetae formula R
0
R
1
R
2
TP, with a short supplementary macrochaetae R
1s
between R
0
and R
1
(Fig. 27). Following AMS notation system the dorsal head macrochaetae are: R
0
=A
0
, R
1s
=A
2s
, R
1
=A
2
,
R
2
=A
3
, T=S
3
, and P=Pa
5
. Maximum number of macrochaetae An on head 8+8 (Fig. 27). Eyes absent.
Body macrochaetae 10/0201+2 (Fig. 26). Dorsal chaetotaxy of th. II–III and abd. I as on Figs 28–30.
Mesothorax with p3 as macrochaeta. Anterolateral S-chaetae al and ms present. th. III without macrochaetae.

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Anterolateral sensillum al present. Abd. I chaetae a3, a5 and a6 absent, lateral S-microchaeta (ms) present.
Chaetotaxy of abd. II–III as in Figs 31–32. Abd. II chaetotaxy between two dorso-medial trichobothria pABq
1
q
2
using Gisin’s symbols (Gisin 1967b); following Szeptycki (1979) system p=a2p, A=a2, B=m3, q
1
=m3e and
q
2
=p4. Length of macrochaeta B equal to 2.5x macrochaetae A and m5. Macrochaeta B broad, A and especially
m5 thinner. Abd. II chaeta ml absent. Abd. III with p6 as smooth mesochaeta. Abd. III chaeta d3 present with
occasional bilateral asymmetry present–absent. S-microchaeta (ms) next to chaeta p5 present. Chaetotaxy and
trichobothrial complex on abd. IV as in Figs 33–34. Macrochaetae B5, B6, C1, D3, E2, E3, E4, F1 and F3 broader
with broad socket, while D2, De3, E1, E4p, E4p2, F3p, T6 and T7 thinner with smaller socket. Abd. IV chaetae
associated with two trichobotria fan-shaped. Accessory chaeta s associated with trichobotrium T2 absent. Apart
from typical S-chaetae as and ps, two elongated dorsomedial sensilla also present. Abd. V with three S-chaetae
typical for Pseudosinella.
Legs without scales. Trochanteral organ with up to 11 smooth spiny chaetae forming a V shape pattern (Fig.
35). Unguis and unguiculus of claw III as in Fig. 36. Unguis with paired basal teeth different in size at 48% from
inner edge, and with unpaired tooth at 67% from inner edge. A small external tooth also present. Unguiculus
lanceolate with smooth outer margin. Tibiotarsal tenent hair clavate, supraempodial chaeta smooth and acuminate.
Ratio of supraempodial chaeta / unguiculus around 1.3.
FIGURE 26–27. Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.: 26, distribution pattern of dorsal macrochaetae (filled circles), trichobotria
(lines) and pseudopore (Ø); 27, dorsal head chaetotaxy, broad black circles—long ciliated macrochaetae, small black circles—
short ciliated macrochaetae (nomenclature “RST”—right side, normal letters, nomenclature “AMS” – left side, italicized
letters).

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FIGURE 28–30. Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.: 28, th. II dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circle—broad ciliated
macrochaeta, psp—pseudopore; 29, th. III dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), psp—pseudopore; 30, abd. I dorsal chaetotaxy (left
side), psp—pseudopore.

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FIGURE 31–32. Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.: 31, abd. II complete chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad
ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore; 32, abd. III complete chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated
macrochaetae, small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore.
Ventral tube without scales; 5+5 ciliated chaetae on anterior side and 6+6 ciliated chaetae on posterior side
(Fig. 37); lateral flap with a maximum of 2 smooth and 5 ciliated chaetae. Mucro as on Fig. 38. Manubrial plate
with 2 inner chaetae and 2 chaetae outer the 2 pseudopores (Fig. 39).
Variability. Morphology of abd. IV chaeta E1 shows bilateral asymmetry (thin ciliated macrochaeta on one
side and smooth mesochaeta on the other) in two specimens. In a single case, abd. IV chaeta C1p is duplicated on
one side, showing different morphologies (both smooth and ciliated mesochaetae).
Ecology and distribution. The specimens of P. dungeri sp. nov. were found in low abundance in the upper
soil layer of a sub-pannonic steppic grassland patch and in the edge of the pubescent oak forests around (Fig. 40).
Based on the known distribution and habitat associations, this new Pseudosinella species can be considered
xerothermophilous.
Discussion. The only blind species with the same dorsal macrochaetae formula (R
0
R
1
R
2
TP/10/0201+2) is the
cavernicolous Pseudosinella stygia Bonet, 1931 (Table 2). There is a marked difference, however, regarding the
macrochaetae of abd. II. While P. dungeri sp. nov. has A and B as macrochaetae, P. s t yg i a is one of the rare species
with Q
1
developed as macrochaeta. The new species differs from P. s t y gi a also by the labial chaetae. Except for the
vestigial smooth microchaeta r, all chaetae are ciliated in P. dungeri sp. nov., while all chaetae, with a rare
exception of M
1
ciliated, are smooth in P. s ty g ia . As reported by Gisin & Gama (1972) in the redescription of P.
stygia, abd. II microchaeta p and abd. IV supplementary chaeta s could not be observed neither in the type material
nor in the topotypic specimen, however, their possible presence was not excluded by the authors considering the

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condition of the material examined. From the mentioned chaetae only abd. II p is present in P. dungeri sp. nov.
Differences between the two species can be observed also in the morphology of the foot complex. The unguis of P.
stygia is rather elongated while it is relatively short in the new species. The two proximal teeth are close to the
ungual base in P. s ty g i a while they are situated at around the half of the unguis length in P. dungeri sp. nov. The
very short unpaired internal tooth is situated at around 40% distance from the unguis base in P. s t y g i a, while it is
well developed and positioned at 2/3rds of distance from the unguis base in the new species. Tenent hair is clavate
in the new species and acuminate in P. s ty gi a . The colour of P. dungeri sp. nov. is white, while scattered pigment
granules are covering the whole surface of body of P. s ty g i a . Regarding habitat characteristics, P. dungeri sp. nov.
inhabits xerophil grasslands and forest edges, while P. s t y gi a is a rare troglobiont species confined to the cave
‘Cueva del Castillo’ in Spain. The new species has chaeta p6 on abd. III as smooth mesochaeta (Fig. 32) while,
usually, this is a ciliated macrochaeta in Pseudosinella species.
FIGURE 33–34. Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.: 33, abd. IV chaetotaxy, broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae,
small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, open circles—mesochaetae, triangles—fan-shaped chaetae, x—trichobotria,
psp—pseudopore; 34, abd. IV trichobothrial complex.

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FIGURE 35–39. Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.: 35, trochanteral organ; 36, leg III unguis and unguiculus; 37, ventral tube
anterior view (left side) and posterior view (right side), circles—ciliated chaetae; 38, mucro and apical part of dens; 39,
manubrial plate, black circles—ciliated macrochaetae, Ø—pseudopore.

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FIGURE 40. Type locality (Börzsöny Mountains: Rigó Mount) of Pseudosinella dungeri sp. nov.
TABLE 2 . P. dungeri sp. nov., and P. s ty g ia diagnostic characters. Colour: general pattern of pigmentation; Max length:
maximum body length in mm (without head nor furca); Ant. / Head: antennal length to head diagonal length ratio; Head
macrochaetotaxy: formula of dorsal head macrochaetae; Body macrochaetotaxy: formula of dorsal body macrochaetae;
Labial chaetotaxy: formula of chaetotaxy of the labial base; Abd. II: chaetotaxy formula of abd. II (for P. st y g i a the
presence or absence of chaeta p is dubious); Unguis paired: basal pair teeth distance to the unguis base in percentage;
Unguis unpaired: inner tooth distance to the unguis base in percentage; Tenent hair: morphology of tenent hair on claw
III. Habitat: type of habitat.
Features P. s ty gi a Bonet, 1931 P. dungeri sp. nov
Colour white, with scattered pigment granules white
Max length (mm) 1.4–1.6 0.8–0.9
Ant. / Head 1.8 1.4–1.6
Head macrochaetotaxy R
0
R
1
R
2
TP R
0
R
1
R
2
TP
Body macrochaetotaxy 10/0201+2 10/0201+2
Labial chaetotaxy m
1
(M
1
)m
2
rel
1
l
2
M
1
M
2
rEL
1
L
2
Abd. II ?aBQ
1
q
2
pABq
1
q
2
Abd. IV s ? absent
Unguis paired 25% 48%
Unguis unpaired 40% 67%
Tenent hair acuminate clavate
Habitat cave surface (grasslands, forest edges)

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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank László Dányi (Hungarian Natural History Museum) for his assistance and deposition of
type material; György Traser, Dávid Dulai (University of Sopron) and Péter Kugler (Fertő-Hanság National Park)
for their help and assistance. We are greatly indebted to Wanda Maria Weiner and two anonymous reviewers for
their valuable comments and suggestions improving the manuscript. This article was made in frame of the „EFOP-
3.6.1-16-2016-00018––Improving the role of research+development+innovation in the higher education through
institutional developments assisting intelligent specialization in Sopron and Szombathely”.
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