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JPE (Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama) Vol. 5 No. 1 Januari 2018
P-ISSN : 2339-2258 (Print) E-ISSN: 2548-821X (Online)
http://ejurnal.ikippgribojonegoro.ac.id/index.php/JPE
9
LEARNER AUTONOMY ON ESSAY WRITING ACCURACY
Moh. Hafidz
Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, STKIP PGRI Bangkalan
email: mohhafidz@stkippgri-bkl.ac.id
Abstract :Learner autonomy on writing is independently teaching and learnin that keeps
students’ control to explore their knowledge and experiences in written language, find out
and avaluate their errors based on the conceptual courses to make accurately simple
essay. The aim was to know the effectiveess of the learner autonomy on writing accuracy.
This quatitative research conducted in one group pretest and postes design. The number
of sample was 21 students in Bangkalan. The instrument were tests to gain students’
writing score before and after treatment. Researcher statistically analyzed the data using
SPSS 23 version by running a Paired Samples Test. The result shown the means of pretes
score was 66,83 and posttes score was 74,57, Paired Samples Correlations was 0,614
(strong correlation). Significance was 0,005, it means that
(0,05) is higher than
value (0,005) with high variance of mean value (14,091). As a result, the hypothesis (H1)
was recepted that learner autonomy contributed effectively to learners’ in organizing own
ideas (Ene, 2006) such as making a topic map becomes some explanable sub-topics,
writing down main and supporting idea, clustering some objects, editing next and
learners absolutey accumulate some selected vocabularies in appropriate topics
(Chengping W, 2008).
Keyword: Learner Autonomy, Learning process, outcomes
Absrak: Pembelajaran otonomi adalah pembelajaran mandiri yang mengontrol
mahasiswa untuk menyampaikan gagasan dan pengalamannya, mencatat dan
mengevaluasi kesalahan yang terjadi dalam penulisan esai sederhana berdasarkan
pembelajaran yang tersetruktur. Tujuaa adala untuk mengetahui efektifitas pembelajaran
otonomi terhadap akurasi tulisan secara statistic. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan
menggunakan desain tes awal dan akhir. Jumlah sampel terdiri dari 21 siswa di
Bangkalan. Isntrumen yang digunakan adalah tes untuk mengetahui hasil nilai
mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah melakukan pembelajaran otonomi. Peneliti menganalisa
data dengan menggunakan versi SPSS 23 dengan menggunakan sampel tes yang
berpasangan. Hasil rata-rata tes awal adalah 66,83 dan tes akhir adalah 74,57, dengan
corelasi sampel berpasangannya adalah 0,614 (kuat). Sedangkan signifikansinya adalah
0,005, artinya
(0,05) lebih besar daripada
value (0,005) dengan varian nilai rata-
rata yang tinggi (14,091). Hasil hipotesis (H1)-nya diterima bahwa pembelajara otonomi
berkontribusi secara efektif terhadap pengorganisasian gagasan mahasiswa sendiri (Ene,
2006) seperti memetakan suatu topik menjadi sub-topik yang mudah dijelaskan,
pengelompokan objek tertentu untuk dijadikan topik, kemudian mengeditnya dan tentunya
dapat memilih kosakat-kosakata yang sesuai dengan topiknya (Chengping W, 2008).
Kata kunci: Pembelajaran otonomi, proses pembelajaran, hasil
INTRODUCTION
Writing is behavioral process to
deliver some written messages in
mechanical products (Langan, 2010).
Writing as skill absolutely requires habitual
acts to force a writing competence through
student’s leraning activities. The basics
cocepts on writing are type, purpose and
length. The first, type is ditermining the
writing format such as letter, notes, report,
project, essay, thesis or disertation and
article or paper. The second, purpose is an
aim of the final products, those are formal
or informal information. The last, lenght is
number of words which suits with type’s
necessity (Bailey, 2003). Maesuring this
10 JURNAL PENDIDIKAN EDUTAMA, Vol.5, No.1 Januari 2018
concept (Hogue, 2007) assesses essay
writing aspects through format,
punctuaition and mechanics, content,
organization, grammar and sentence
structure.
Furthermore, this basic writing
concept conducted in leaning autonomy
when the students are conciousely believe
that their skill, knowledge, experience and
environment support to develop writing
skill (Vazquez, 2015). This statement
stresses on the student’s control and
responsibily which learning adjusts the
student’s writing competence. On his
journal, Illes (2015) argues:
“when developing LA, the
emphasis should shift from aspects
related to the learning process (e.g.
setting learning objectives,
monitoring learning, evaluating
learning outcomes, etc.) to
communicative processes since the
teacher’s main concern should be to
develop learners’ autonomy as
language users”
It means that students are able to
transfer the own kognitive aspect and
formulate the own surrounding facts in
written message (William, 2003), the
students understand the material, target and
appropriate strategy while learning process.
Moreover, students due to the competence
based and get more responsibilities to
enhance their result tasks in the own rules
and determine some choices which need
evaluation or the final written product
(Ahmadzadeh, 2014).
In language teaching process (Al-
Busaidi, 2012), professional language
learner autonomy fulfills some characterics
such autonomy is a construct of capacity,
autonomy involves a willingness on the part
of the learner to take responsibility for their
own learning, the capacity and willingness
of learners to take such responsibility is not
necessarily innate, complete autonomy is an
idealistic goal, there are degrees of
autonomy, the degrees of autonomy are
unstable and variable, autonomy is not
simply a matter of placing learners in
situations where they have to be
independent, developing autonomy requires
conscious, awareness of the learning
process – i.e. conscious reflection and
decision-making, promoting autonomy is
not simply a matter of teaching strategies,
autonomy can take place both inside and
outside the classroom, autonomy has a
social as well as an individual dimension,
the promotion of autonomy has a political
as well as psychological dimension,
autonomy is interpreted differently by
different cultures.
Learning aoutonomy does not as
simply as teacher center learning which the
teacher is more dominant in learning, the
students take appluse to the teacher’s
activities and understimate their skill,
knowledge, experiences eventhough neglect
the power of environment, learner
autonomy conceptualized in students’
classroom situation which disting to other
ones, are: students manage in their own
class, students do based on their skill,
students’ innate ability is supported by
classroom instruction, students are
evaluated for their process, student’s chose
their learning porpuses (David Nunan,
2003).
So, all of student’s ctivities are
dependent and the learning outcomes are
out of learning set because the students can
not explore their ability and imatate the
innovative ones out of the classroom.
Studetns’ background knowledges
determine the own process of learnig
specially on te results of writing skill
products.
Motivating structurally the
autonomous student’s ideas and creativities
conducts a suite approach such as workshop
Hafidz, Learner Outonomy on……………… 11
which focuses on discovery based
approach, this approach drills students’ skill
more active than teacher learning center,
because the teacher encourage students to
due some activities that related with learner
autonomy concept o writing. Ray (2001)
states:
“Basically, a writing workshop
consists of three components: (1) a
15-minute mini lesson; (2)
approximately 20 minutes of
independent student writing; and
(3) 10 minutes of some form of
sharing to wrap up the workshop.
......”
In early meeting of writing class,
some learners were scary when the
researcher was asking them to write in free
writing at home. The next, All of students
fulfilled the tasks in vary formats, content,
and orgnanization. The students who
submitted the product (free writing) are
absolutely the writer because they are able
to describe the fact in written text,
moreover they are not a novelist or
journalist (William, 2003). Learners writing
skill appears when researcher asked them to
mention their writing products such as
diary, short story and writing portofolios.
Researcher intended to due an
effective learning through learner
autonomy. Learner autonomy is
conceptualized independently teaching and
learnin that keeps students’ control to
actualize their own knowledge and
experiences, take notes and avaluate their
own faults themselves (Ene, 2006). Learner
autonomy makes students are more active
than teacher. Moreover, the teacher
acquires some rules to conduct teaching and
learning in and out of the class which bases
on students activities. The teacher is not
fasilitator only, but also manager. Students
process of actualizing their idea into written
format absolutely have own technique
which empowers their knowledge and
experiences while they are writing some
topics.
In contrast, Learner autonomy that
investigated in West Anhui University
found some unpleased results such as the
lack of students vocabularies, unappropriate
subject and different understanding
between teacher and students (Chengping
W, 2008). This indicates that learner
autonomy is not as simple as dependent
learning which most of teachers assume
that student’s knowledge is on the teacher’s
authorized which all of student’s written
products are their responsibility to be
evaluated and corrected (Kulsirisawad,
2012) then, published to the students in
order to find out their written faults.
METHODOLOGY
A total participants of this research
were 30 students in Bangkalan. The
participants were from different graduation
background such as senior high school was
34%, vocational school 33% and islamic
senior high school 33%. The everage of
participants english score was 7,0 and took
English language teachers. Paired Samples
test was used in this research. Instrument of
this research is test (Darmadi, 2014) to
investigate the learner autonomy of the
subjects, the tes was designed which consits
of format (5 points), punctuaition and
mechanics (5 points), content (20 points),
organization (35 points), grammar and
sentence structure (35 points) (Alice
Oshima, 2007).
The data are gained from prepared
test (pre-test) to know the participants
writing skill by one group pretest posttest
design (Creswell, 2009). The purpose of
this study is to identify learner autonomy
contribute to the students’ essay writing
accuracy. Further, learning autonomy
applied in workshop approach which
students got 10 treatments and 4 exercises,
12 JURNAL PENDIDIKAN EDUTAMA, Vol.5, No.1 Januari 2018
those devided in two assessments were
individual and peer assessments. Own
assessments conducted after training then
made an essay and evaluated by theirselves,
peer assessments due to make an essay
than, evaluated by their patner end gaving
back after corrrecting.
To get information of student’s
achievement, reseacher tested participants
(post-tes) to make an essay and submitted it
to know the learner autonomy effects on
essay writing aspects, researcher used a
statistical technique was used to identify
whether the mean and standards error of
mean and standard deviation of the test.
The test was standardised by Oshimas’
creterias which used in English language
learning.
DISCUSSION
The data currently were obtained
from a pretest and posttest. Pretest early
conducted to measure the learner’s writing
ability before threatment class. In the class,
learner’s autonomy applied to threat the
learner as long as learning process
including learner’s activities, individual or
group work tasks and final test. Posttest
was gained from final test to measure the
the learner’s autonomy contributed
statistically on learners’ essay writing
accuracy. The result of
Pretest and posttest designed and
calculated based on Oshimas scoring
rubrics. Statiscal analyzed data was SPSS
23 version by running a Paired Samples
Test. The result of this analyze to answer
the tentatively hypothesis that learners’
authonomy contributes signifcantly on
learners’ essay writing accuracy. In
addition, if the learners have higher score
after the treatment class, the hypothesis
(H1) is recepted and H0 is rejected in
contrast.
Testing the hypothesis
The hypothesis was tested in Paired
Samples Test to analyze the result of pretest
and postest statistically after computing
both scores (table.3).
Table 1. Describing the Statisticcally Paired Samples of Learner Autonomy Contribute to the
Students’ Essay Writing Accuracy
Paired Samples Statistics indicates
the mean of pretes score is 66,83 and
posttes score is 74,57. So, posttest score is
higher than posttest.
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean
N
Std.
Deviatio
n
Std.
Error
Mean
Pai
r 1
Prete
st
66,83
30
17,835
3,256
Poste
st
74,57
30
11,628
2,123
Hafidz, Learner Outonomy on……………… 13
Table 2 Describing the Paired Samples Correlations of Learner Autonomy Contribute to the
Students’ Essay Writing Accuracy.
Paired Samples Correlations shows
that both pretest and posttes has stongly
correlation after applying Learner
Autonomy in treatmen class. The table 2
points out 0,614.
Table 3 Describing the Paired Samples Test of Learner Autonomy Contribute to the Students’
Essay Writing Accuracy.
Paired Samples Test is statistically
design to analyze the pretest and postest
result after threatmen class. The table 3 in
Sig. (2-tailed) column shows 0,005, it
means that learner autonomy contributes
signficantly to the students’ essay writing
accuracy. In other words, (0,05) is higher
than value (0,005) with high variance of
mean value which pointed it out in standard
deviation coloumn is 14,091. As a result,
the hypothesis (H1) is recepted.
Learner autonomy is learner-centred
approach to language teaching (David
Nunan, 2003) contribute effectively to
learners’ in organizing alternatively own
ideas (Ene, 2006) because the learners are
able to make a topic map becomes some
explanable sub-topics and chose the
selected ones which support to the
structurally paragraphs becomes simple
essay which completely arranged in outline
format (Langan, 2010).
The content of essay, the learners
trained to discuss, analyze, write and edit
(in peer) the interesting topics (Ray, 2001),
the learners have unique and various
knowledge and experience to explore their
ideas in written language because of their
variety writing technique such as writing
down main idea and supporting idea of the
essay title, clustering some objects based on
the title and directly writing an essay by
editing next.
Training class conducted to manage
the situation (David Nunan, 2003) that
learners are formal writers (Bailey, 2003),
(William, 2003) who communicate in
written language (Illes, 2015) especially in
essay type. This type requires accurately
information to make readers easily
Paired Samples Correlations
N
Correlati
on
Sig.
Pair
1
Pretest &
Postest
30
,614
,000
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
T
df
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
Pret
est –
Post
est
-7,733
14,091
2,573
-12,995
-2,472
-3,006
29
,005
14 JURNAL PENDIDIKAN EDUTAMA, Vol.5, No.1 Januari 2018
understand. Moreover, learners absolutey
accumulate some selected sufficient
vocabularies in actual and appropriate
topics (Chengping W, 2008). Students’
vocabularies are more daily words that
utilized in sentences and pragraph.
CONCLUSION
Learner autonomy contributes
effectively on essay writing accuracy by
providing the means of pretes score was
66,83 and posttes score was 74,57, Paired
Samples Correlations was 0,614 (strong
correlation). Significance was 0,005, it
means that (0,05) is higher than value
(0,005) with high variance of mean value
(14,091). As a result, the hypothesis (H1)
was recepted that learner autonomy
contributed effectively to learners’ in
organizing alternatively own ideas (Ene,
2006) such as make a topic map becomes
some explanable sub-topics, writing down
main and supporting idea, clustering some
objects, editing next and learners absolutey
accumulate some selected vocabularies in
actual and appropriate topics (Chengping
W, 2008).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ahmadzadeh, R. (2014). Learner
Autonomy in Practice.
International Journal on New
Trends in Education and Their
Implications , 54-55.
Al-Busaidi, S. B. (2012). Learner
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Alice Oshima, A. H. (2007).
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Longman.
Bailey, S. (2003). Academic Writing A
Practical Guide for Students.
New York: Routledge Falmer
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Chengping W, R. H. (2008). Net-Based
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and Possible Solutions-A Case
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Creswell, J. W. (2009). Qualitative,
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Hafidz, Learner Outonomy on ……………… 15
Langan, J. (2010). Exploring Writing
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