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On the Prospects of Signaling Theory for Criminological Research: A Comment on Potential Avenues for Future Research
... Within stock price determination, signaling theory posits that firms utilize various financial indicators, including dividend payments, to communicate essential information about their financial health and prospects to investors (Ghimire, 2021;DeWitt, 2018). Specifically, in this study, the theory suggests that the dividend policies of selected banks may serve as signals of their stability and profitability. ...
This study explores the factors that influence stock prices in commercial banking business in Nepal. Descriptive and causal-comparative research design and purposive sampling technique used in this research examine how critical financial variables affect market prices per share (MPPS), including book value per share, earnings per share, dividend per share, and price-earnings ratio. There is a statistically significant but relatively small positive correlation between book value per share. The results show that MPPS and earnings per share, dividend per share, and price-earnings ratio are significantly positively correlated. The model demonstrates its robustness in capturing stock price changes by accounting for around 86.1% of the variation in MPPS. These observations offer insightful recommendations for experts and investors involved in Nepal's commercial banking sector.
... Within stock price determination, signaling theory posits that firms utilize various financial indicators, including dividend payments, to communicate essential information about their financial health and prospects to investors (Ghimire, 2021;DeWitt, 2018). Specifically, in this study, the theory suggests that the dividend policies of selected banks may serve as signals of their stability and profitability. ...
This study explores the factors that influence stock prices in commercial banking business in Nepal. Descriptive and causal-comparative research design and purposive sampling technique used in this research examine how critical financial variables affect market prices per share (MPPS), including book value per share, earnings per share, dividend per share, and price-earnings ratio. There is a statistically significant but relatively small positive correlation between book value per share. The results show that MPPS and earnings per share, dividend per share, and price-earnings ratio are significantly positively correlated. The model demonstrates its robustness in capturing stock price changes by accounting for around 86.1% of the variation in MPPS. These observations offer insightful recommendations for experts and investors involved in Nepal's commercial banking sector.
This thesis uses a novel methodology to understand parole decisions about perpetrators of domestic violence in England and Wales as complex adaptive systems. It informs victims, parole board members, researchers, and policymakers about the nature of decisions for this group of offenders. Existing research examines correlations between case variables and the outcome of a hearing and explores the thought processes of board members. But no previous studies explored parole decisions specifically about perpetrators of domestic violence, and few have examined other parole decisions in England and Wales. This research examines the variables associated with a release decision for a prisoner whose sole or primary risk involves domestic violence, and the dynamics behind any associations. I explore whether the nature of domestic violence requires a specific approach to decision-making and whether this is reflected in the results. My novel use of a primary dataset of 137 parole decisions, coded from decision letters, draws on a positivist tradition, while my thematic analysis of 20 interviews with parole board members takes an interpretivist approach. I develop the data into a systems model of the parole decision. My findings show that recommendations from the offender supervisor, offender manager and especially the psychologist are such a strong predictor of the decision that they amount to an effective ‘veto’ on release. Perpetrator programmes are important only insofar as an offender’s refusal to attend suggests a lack of insight. Parole boards are more concerned with risk manageability than risk level and are less likely to release offenders with a history of ‘less manageable’ controlling behaviour. This research shows that parole boards are influenced by domestic violence research, by structural factors and nature of offending, and that the underlying variables associated with release as determined through the mixed methods analysis are subtly different to those they emphasise consciously.
Although there are several collateral consequence relief mechanisms that could theoretically be used to improve employment outcomes for those with criminal history, many of these mechanisms are available only for first-time/low-level individuals or possess other requirements that limit their accessibility. Recognizing these facts, some jurisdictions have created certificates of relief, which are generally more accessible than other relief mechanisms. The goal of the current study was to test whether one state's (Ohio) certificate could improve hiring outcomes for men with criminal histories comprised of felony theft, felony drug possession, and misdemeanor drug paraphernalia convictions. This goal was achieved with the use of two field experiments. Results showed that certificate holders with criminal history received significantly fewer callbacks than those with no criminal record and fared no better than those with an identical criminal record and no certificate. Further, African-American applicants received significantly fewer callbacks than white applicants in all criminal record categories.
This study examined whether misdemeanor drug convictions impact entry-level hiring outcomes. An experimental correspondence study was used whereby fictitious resumes are sent to employers. Resumes were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no criminal record, 1-year-old misdemeanor record, and a 1-year-old felony record. Resumes were also randomly assigned with a distinctively White or African American name. Job type was used as an additional predictor. Results indicate that a misdemeanor conviction significantly hinders hiring outcomes for both African American and White applicants. However, results did not show statistically significant differences in the outcome between races. These results should be utilized to better inform defendants, practitioners, and policy-makers on the negative impacts of low-level convictions.
By applying signaling theory to the strategies gangs and their prospective members adopt during the recruitment process, this article addresses one of the most crucial unanswered questions in the literature on street gangs: why, in any given pool of individuals with similar sociological profiles and motivations, do only some gain entry into gangs? Based upon two years of ethnographic fieldwork with gang members in London, UK, this article argues that gangs face a primary trust dilemma in their uncertainty over the quality of recruits. Given that none of the desirable trust-warranting properties for gang membership can be readily discovered from observation, gangs look for observable signs correlated with these properties. Gangs then face a secondary trust dilemma in their uncertainty over the reliability of signs because certain agents (e.g., police informants, rival gang members, and adventure seekers) might mimic them. Thus, gangs look for signs that are too costly for mimics to fake but affordable for the genuine article. This article thus demonstrates how gangs overcome their informational handicap ex ante by screening and selecting among prospective members based on “hard-to-fake” signals.
Previous studies on the effects of outsourcing have relied largely on anecdotal evidence, non-financial metrics or accounting-based measures that ignore intangible value. This study views outsourcing effects from its future revenue-generation potential, using market value. The relation between firms’ market valuation and outsourcing decisions is investigated using a cross-sectional valuation approach. Results based on Japanese manufacturing industries data from 1994 to 2002 indicate that core business-related outsourcing, offshore outsourcing, and shorter-term outsourcing have positive effects on outsourcing firms’ market value. In contrast, non-core business-related outsourcing, domestic outsourcing, and longer-term outsourcing are not found to enhance firm value.