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I.- Los Cánidos Españoles. Orígenes y Clasificación.
... The geographical distribution of the original breeds is shown in figure 1. There are several existing hypotheses about their origin (Jordana et al, 1990), which we summarize in the following way: Gos d'Atura (Catalonian Sheepdog) or Perro de Pastor Catalin Andreu (1984) points out that the Romans took and ancient Shepherd dog on their campaigns, which could have been the Bergamasco. This dog was adapted to the different climatic environments and types of shepherding, and was the basis of a large number of breeds existing today in Central Europe. ...
Summary - The relationships between 10 Spanish dog breeds have been studied using qualitative and quantitative analyses of data from 32 morphological characters. The average distance between breeds, measured as a morphological index, has a value of 4.228 (! 0.681), with extreme values of 1.732 between Mastin del Pirineo and Mastin Espanol, and of 5.099 for the Gos d’Atura - Sabueso Espanol pair. The morphological phylogeny obtained in this study confirms the classifications made previously by means of dental, cranial, historical and behavioral comparative criteria. The results suggest the formation of 2 large clusters; one formed by the breeds belonging to the ancestral trunks Canis fa7rciliaris intermedius and Canis familiaris inostranzewi, and the other which includes the members of the Canis familiaris leineri and Canis familiaris metris-optirrtae trunks. Spanish dog breeds / genetic distance / morphological character / dendrogram /
Referring to Levantine rock art there are still many open questions which are most relevant in the case of rarely depicted species, such as the canids. In contrast to most-frequently represented animals, the depictions of ‘minor’ species, were less realistic, smaller and with few anatomical details. Therefore, it is virtually impossible to make a distinction between wolves,foxes and dogs and even to identify the canid species. For this reason, the focus of this study is on the activity depicted, on the association with other animals and humans, and on the stylistic phase. In any case, canids and humans are the only predatory species represented in Levantine rock art. Previous approaches are discussed, known figures re-examined and assessed, and newly-described ones added.
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