Based on a survey (n=808), we discuss how online and offline forms of civic participation among Dutch youth converge in modes of participation. With confirmatory factor analysis, we demonstrate that four modes of participation can be distinguished: Politics, Activism, Discussion and Consumption. The first three modes correlate strongly with each other, while Consumption proves to be a separate
... [Show full abstract] mode. Participants in Politics and Discussion generally score high on political participation and political efficacy, but participation in Activism and Consumption appears to be stimulated by other factors.