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The utility of the UTAUT model in explaining electronic government services usage in Baghdad-Iraq
Abstract
Electronic government (EG) is the application of computers, computer applications and electronic appliances in the governing activities and operations of a government; whereby both the government and the public interact transact electronically. Baghdad being tagged as a unsecured place to live area has received lesser related studies on practicability of EG. Variables like infrastructure, social factors, security, users behaviour and the more are to be determined majorly before the adoption of EG as a technological package. With the theoretical perspectives of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) this study is aimed at investigating the related variables that could mitigate the adoption of EG in Baghdad. Scores of studies have employed UTAUT to achieve similar objectives, but none has implemented UTAUT to the adoption of EG in public agencies and particularly in a poor infrastructure and risky streets like Baghdad. This study proposes to quantitatively examine the usage behaviour of EG in Baghdad, with that, data would be gathered from Baghdad- Iraq.
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The present research develops and tests a theoretical extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that explains perceived usefulness and usage intentions in terms of social influence and cognitive instrumental processes. The extended model, referred to as TAM2, was tested using longitudinal data collected regarding four different systems at four organizations (N = 156), two involving voluntary usage and two involving mandatory usage. Model constructs were measured at three points in time at each organization: preimplementation, one month postimplementation, and three months postimplementation. The extended model was strongly supported for all four organizations at all three points of measurement, accounting for 40%--60% of the variance in usefulness perceptions and 34%--52% of the variance in usage intentions. Both social influence processes (subjective norm, voluntariness, and image) and cognitive instrumental processes (job relevance, output quality, result demonstrability, and perceived ease of use) significantly influenced user acceptance. These findings advance theory and contribute to the foundation for future research aimed at improving our understanding of user adoption behavior.
We outline a research methodology developed around two basic elements: the active discovery and/or creation of mysteries and the subsequent solving of the mysteries. A key element is the reflexive opening up of established theory and vocabulary through a systematic search for deviations from what would be expected, given established wisdom, in empirical contexts. "Data" are seen as an inspiration for critical dialogues between theoretical frameworks and empirical work.
Electronic government (e-government) has shown encouraging results in developed countries in the context of delivering electronic information and services to citizens. However, despite the many lessons that can be learned from the experiences of those e- government initiatives, developing countries are still faced with various issues pertaining to their implementation of e-government services. Like many other developing countries, the e-government initiative in the state of Qatar has faced a number of challenges since its inception in 2000. Using a survey based study this paper describes citizens' behavioural intention in terms of applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of technology (UTAUT) model to explore the adoption and diffusion of e-government services in the state of Qatar. Analysis of the results indicates that there is significant positive relationship between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and behavioural intention to use e-government services for the citizens of Qatar. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
E-government initiatives are in their infancy in many developing countries. The success of these initiatives is dependent on government support as well as citizens' adoption of e-government services. This study adopted the unified of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model to explore factors that determine the adoption of e-government services in a developing country, namely Kuwait. 880 students were surveyed, using an amended version of the UTAUT model. The empirical data reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and peer influence determine students' behavioural intention. Moreover, facilitating conditions and behavioural intentions determine students' use of e-government services. Implications for decision makers and suggestions for further research are also considered in this study.
Information technology (IT) acceptance research has yielded many competing models, each with different sets of acceptance determinants. In this paper, we (1) review user acceptance literature and discuss eight prominent models, (2) empiri- cally compare the eight models and their exten- sions, (3) formulate a unified model that integrates elements across the eight models, and (4) empiri- cally validate the unified model. The eight models reviewed are the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model, the motivational model, the theory of planned behavior, a model combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the model of PC utilization, the innovation diffusion theory, and the social cognitive theory. Using data from four organizations over a six-month period with three points of measurement, the eight models ex- plained between 17 percent and 53 percent of the variance in user intentions to use information technology. Next, a unified model, called the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Tech- nology (UTAUT), was formulated, with four core determinants of intention and usage, and up to four moderators of key relationships. UTAUT was then tested using the original data and found to outperform the eight individual models (adjusted
The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) created an acute environmental disaster of enormous magnitude. This study characterizes the environmental exposures resulting from destruction of the WTC and assesses their effects on health. Methods include ambient air sampling; analyses of outdoor and indoor settled dust; high-altitude imaging and modeling of the atmospheric plume; inhalation studies of WTC dust in mice; and clinical examinations, community surveys, and prospective epidemiologic studies of exposed populations. WTC dust was found to consist predominantly (95%) of coarse particles and contained pulverized cement, glass fibers, asbestos, lead, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated furans and dioxins. Airborne particulate levels were highest immediately after the attack and declined thereafter. Particulate levels decreased sharply with distance from the WTC. Dust pH was highly alkaline (pH 9.0–11.0). Mice exposed to WTC dust showed only moderate pulmonary inflammation but marked bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 10,116 firefighters showed exposure-related increases in cough and bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 183 cleanup workers showed newonset cough (33%), wheeze (18%), and phlegm production (24%). Increased frequency of newonset
The future of mobile telephony is expected to rely on mobile services and the use of mobile services will be an integral part of the revenues to be generated by third generation mobile telephony. The adoption of new mobile services contradicts this proposition as it has been much slower than expected, especially in Europe. Basic services such as SMS, ring tones, icons and logos are still the most popular services. Several reasons have been suggested for the slow adoption rate, ranging from cultural to business models. In this paper we are searching for answers to the adoption rates by testing the applicability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to explain the acceptance of mobile devices/services. Based on our empirical evidence from a survey conducted in Finland, it seems that the UTAUT to some extent and with some reservations can be used as a starting point to find some explanations for the adoption of mobile devices/services.
This study tests the applicability of the 'Technology Acceptance Model' (TAM) in Kuwaiti ministries. The aim of the study was to understand the usage of Information Systems (IS) in Kuwait in governmental organizations. The study did not find significant statistical evidence for the relationships between the TAM's core concepts, except in the case of the relationship between 'Perceived Ease of Use' (PEOU) and 'Perceived Usefulness' (PU). National cultural differences, the context of public organizations, and the nature/type of IS usage have been examined as possible explanations of why the TAM was not supported by the evidence. Managerial and research implications are also offered.
This paper documents the conflict between information systems (IS) and business management concerning computerization and managerial decision-making, based on in-depth interviews with 150 IS and business managers from ten large corporations. Relations between IS and user departments in these firms were generally characterized by mutual lack of trust. Four underlying sources of conflict were identified: disagreement about control of computerization; differences in goals and time-frames of managers; lack of measurable benefit; and disagreement over the roles and responsibilities during systems development. In addition, the paper discusses those emerging trends that influence the IS-business relationship; the routinization and standardization of managerial work; changes to work content and skill requirements; and the erosion of managerial control and decision-making. Finally, the paper presents some prescriptions to derive maximum advantage from IS.
The importance of information kiosk development and implementation in the context of E-Government policies has been discussed in previous research. While many governments are today making considerable investments to implement information kiosks, previous research suggests that citizens may not use information kiosks in spite of their availability. However, the successful implementation of information kiosks depends significantly on whether or not citizens are willing to adopt the new information technology (IT). Therefore, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study investigates the determinants of use behavior regarding information kiosks and the moderating effects of age and gender differences on the relationships between the determinants and behavioral intention/use behavior. Data collected from 244 respondents in Taiwan were tested against the research model using structural equation modeling techniques. The results partially support the applicability of the UTAUT in the context of information kiosks. The findings of this research provide several prominent implications for the research and practice of information kiosk development and implementation.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to: empirically validate a modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model by adding an “e-learning motivation” construct in the South American context; try to determine the role of e-learning motivation in the use and adoption of e-learning systems and conversely the effect of technology on students' e-learning motivation; and to test region and gender as moderators in the model. Design/methodology/approach – A survey method was used to collect data from 47 schools located at different regions: the coast, Andes, and jungle of Peru. The partial least square technique was used for data analysis. Findings – It was found that “e-learning motivation” and “social influence” had a positive influence on behavioural intention, while “facilitating condition” had no effect on e-learning portal use. Furthermore, use behaviour had a positive influence on e-learning motivation. Also found was the moderating role of “region”. Research limitations/implications – The analysis is carried out in a single country, thus, caution should be taken in generalisation of the results. Practical implications – The findings will help policy makers and practitioners in developing countries to better understand students' e-learning motivation. Originality/value – By adopting the UTAUT model, a new construct of “e-learning motivation” is added, and applied to the South American context.
In recent years, the technology acceptance model (TAM) has been widely used by IS researchers in order to gain a better understanding of the adoption and use of information systems. While TAM has been widely applied and tested in North America, there have been no attempts to extend this work to other regions of the world. Given the globalization of business and systems, there is a pressing need to understand whether TAM applies in other cultures. This study compares the TAM model across three different countries: Japan; Switzerland; and the United States. The study was conducted by administering the same instrument to employees of three different airlines, all of whom had access to the same information technology innovation, in this case, E-mail. The results indicate that TAM holds for both the U.S. and Switzerland, but not for Japan, suggesting that the model may not predict technology use across all cultures. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Ethnic conflict, political violence and wars that presently shape many parts of world have deep-seated structural causes. In poor and highly indebted countries, economic and environmental decline, asset depletion, and erosion of the subsistence base lead to further impoverishment and food insecurity for vast sectors of the population. Growing ethnic and religious tensions over a shrinking resource base often escort the emergence of predatory practices, rivalry, political violence, and internal wars. The nature of armed conflict has changed substantially over time and most strategic analysts agree that in the second half of the 20th century, contemporary wars are less of a problem of relations between states than a problem within states. Despite the growing number of armed conflicts and wars throughout the world, not enough attention has been paid to the local patterns of distress being experienced and the long-term health impact and psychosocial consequences of the various forms of political violence against individuals, communities, or specific ethnic groups. The short or long-term impact assessment on civilian populations of poor countries affected by war have been scarce, and studies focussing on experiences of collective suffering and trauma-related disorders among survivors are beginning to emerge in the scientific literature. The medicalization of collective suffering and trauma reflects a poor understanding of the relationships among critically important social determinants and the range of possible health outcomes of political violence.
This study empirically examines the acceptance of new information systems in a commercial bank environment. The modified technology acceptance model is used to examine organizational acceptance, staff satisfaction, superior satisfaction, customer satisfaction, system reliability, user friendliness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The results show perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a significant effect. However, perceived usefulness was found to be a more important determinant on information technology acceptance than perceived ease of use. The results also confirm staff satisfaction and system reliability as significant variables representing perceived usefulness and ease of use.
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