ArticlePublisher preview available
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors.

Abstract and Figures

The ability of novice instructional designers to become skilled problem-solvers, who select and apply appropriate instructional design (ID) models in their work environments, are key competencies generally sought after in introductory ID courses. Yet, the proliferation of ID models, coupled with varied philosophies and practices about how ID is taught may pose challenges for ID educators seeking to prepare the next generation of leaders in the field. With little empirical research or documented best practices, ID educators are left to their own judgment about to how to navigate the practical challenges that can arise in the pursuit of their teaching goals. This paper shares insights on how ID educators across institutions teach introductory ID under varied conditions, and how ID educators can support each other in addressing challenges faced by those teaching introductory ID and seeking to improve their own practice. Using action research methods, we engaged in cross-institutional collaboration, sharing teaching approaches, philosophies, modes of delivery, instructional strategies, resources, models, and products of instructional design with each other as a means to understand and improve our own teaching practices. We also developed a model for cross-institutional faculty collaboration that is immersive, cyclical, and theory-based, and provides a guide for other ID educators to collectively engage in the work of supporting each other in the common goal of preparing the next generation of instructional design leaders.
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Preparing the next generation of instructional
designers: a cross-institution faculty collaboration
Patricia J. Slagter van Tryon
1
Jason McDonald
2
Atsusi Hirumi
3
Published online: 20 January 2018
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract The ability of novice instructional designers to become skilled problem-
solvers, who select and apply appropriate instructional design (ID) models in their
work environments, are key competencies generally sought after in introductory ID
courses. Yet, the proliferation of ID models, coupled with varied philosophies and
practices about how ID is taught may pose challenges for ID educators seeking to
prepare the next generation of leaders in the field. With little empirical research or
documented best practices, ID educators are left to their own judgment about to how
to navigate the practical challenges that can arise in the pursuit of their teaching
goals. This paper shares insights on how ID educators across institutions teach
introductory ID under varied conditions, and how ID educators can support each
other in addressing challenges faced by those teaching introductory ID and seeking
to improve their own practice. Using action research methods, we engaged in cross-
institutional collaboration, sharing teaching approaches, philosophies, modes of
delivery, instructional strategies, resources, models, and products of instructional
design with each other as a means to understand and improve our own teaching
practices. We also developed a model for cross-institutional faculty collaboration
that is immersive, cyclical, and theory-based, and provides a guide for other ID
&Patricia J. Slagter van Tryon
slagtervantryonp@ecu.edu
Jason McDonald
Jason@byu.edu
Atsusi Hirumi
atsusi.hirumi@ucf.edu
1
Department of Mathematics Science, and Instructional Technology Education, East Carolina
University, Greenville, NC, USA
2
Department of Instructional Psychology and Technology, Brigham Young University, Provo,
UT, USA
3
Instructional Design and Technology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
123
J Comput High Educ (2018) 30:125–153
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9167-3
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Research into instructional design education has emphasized the complexity that can accompany the teaching of such a difficult practice. One reason is the growth in the field's knowledge and research base over the past two decades, including by what Slagter van Tryon et al. (2018) called, "the proliferation of ID models, coupled with varied philosophies and practices about how ID [should be] taught" (p. 125). ...
... We also suggest that instructors can engage in a collaborative process like what we have modeled here, even if they do not plan to publish their results. Using other ID instructors to generate ideas, challenge one's practices, or help clarify what is taking place as one teaches, has been found to be a helpful aspect of ID educators' professional development (Slagter van Tryon et al., 2018). ...
Article
Most of the prior research concerning instructional design (ID) education has taken place in the context of introductory courses. However, teaching advanced ID students differs from teaching novices because advanced students are capable of independent action, but also still need some targeted instruction to develop their own design skills and identities. To increase understanding of advanced ID education, we conducted this collaborative autoethnography of teaching advanced ID courses. Through autoethnographic reflections from two advanced ID instructors, supplemented by interviews conducted by a third researcher, and jointly analyzed by our research team, we studied some of the work involved in teaching advanced ID students. We identified three themes through our study. Advanced ID instructors: (a) helped students reflect on design; (b) helped students recognize and adapt to design challenges; and (c) balanced direct instruction with guidance and coaching. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for other advanced ID educators.
... The technique resulted in better or similar performance and achievement scores, with the students' satisfaction being higher than the traditional ADDIE model structured course (Carliner, 2015). A recent study proposed a model utilising cross-institutional faculty collaboration to understand the challenging issues for novice instructional designers and presented new approaches addressing those issues in ID preparation programs (van Tryon et al., 2018). Finally, deep learning is proposed as the only way for students' improvements in the design of education and instruction to respond to the challenges of the times above (Ke & Ke, 2020). ...
Article
Full-text available
This study investigates the association between instructional design projects and 21st-Century skills. A causal-comparative design was utilised. The participants were 85 computer education and instructional technology department students who registered for a core instructional design course. The participants are divided into two groups: Rapid prototyping model – RPM (n = 47) and Dick and Carey model – DCM (n = 38). The RPM group were assigned to character education topics and developed e-books; the DCM group were assigned to several college-level topics included and developed digital materials. The DCM group significantly improved their life and career skills compared to the RPM group. The results show that the participants demonstrated an increase in time management skills and a decrease in cooperation process skills in both groups.
... The inherent nature of authentic learning, with unexpected challenges and elements of uncertainty, can create significant anxiety for instructors and students. Other challenges include implementing such activities in online courses where students and instructors are geographically separated; locating real-world projects; and students' need for significant scaffolding (Slagter van Tryon et al. 2018;Stefaniak 2015). ...
Article
Full-text available
Integrating authentic learning opportunities into online courses can be particularly challenging. These challenges have contributed to a lack of examples (i.e., case studies) of how online instructors have successfully integrated authentic learning into their courses (Vo et al. 2018). This article fills this gap by describing the process of redesigning an online graduate-level instructional design course to incorporate authentic learning activities. This course integrated authentic learning principles and a real-world project situated in a real-life context, allowing students to develop instructional design skills, including project management, stakeholder negotiation, and product design, development, and testing. Access Manuscript here: https://rdcu.be/b4JuM
... Faculty in the program may also consider offering project-based courses to address the 5R principles of usage. For example, the course can introduce how to use open source software and tools to revise and remix open educational materials based on real-world scenarios and different learning contexts (Kumar and Ritzhaupt 2017;Slagter van Tryon et al. 2018). ...
Article
Full-text available
The paper aims to discuss the role of instructional designers (IDs) in supporting the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement in higher education. Due to the increasing cost of higher education, previous studies indicated the feasibility of adopting OER to lower students’ educational expenses and to equalize their learning opportunities (Murphy in Distance Education, 34(2), 201–217, 2013; Okamoto in Public Services Quarterly, 9(4), 267–283, 2013). However, many instructors and staff are facing various barriers to adopting OER, such as the lack of time, motivation, and knowledge of quality evaluation (Taylor and Taylor in Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 21(2), 1–8, 2018). IDs often serve as learner analysts, instructional innovators, and leaders in educational technology to assist instructors in developing teaching materials. However, limited research studied their partnerships to overcome the barriers of creating and adopting OERs in universities and colleges. Hence, the paper will propose a viable solution to include IDs in overcoming OER adoption barriers and promoting the OER movement in higher education. The findings may contribute to the field of OER movement and pave the way for future research.
... majority of participants cited advanced degrees and a solid record of work experience, positioning them well for impact within the organization. The digital age, however, will drive the need for a breadth of ongoing and regular training for IDs [31,32]. ...
Article
Purpose To explore how instructional designers (IDs) view their work and give insight to organizations intending to hire for this role. Method In 2018, a 28-question survey was utilized to examine the role of instructional designers in medical education and their contributions as educational professionals. The survey was sent to members of the DR-ED listserv, the Instructional Designer listserv through AAMC, relevant EDUCAUSE listservs, and via Twitter in April 2018. Quantitative and qualitative results were analyzed. The target population was determined as those who self-identify as working in instructional design in medical education, understanding that titles of IDs may vary widely in academic medicine. Results Participants in this study (72) were self-identified as 45 (63%) females and 23 (32%) males. Among the degrees held by participants, 33 (46%) hold a terminal degree, 37 (51%) a master’s degree, and 2 (3%) a bachelor’s degree. Seven (9%) of institutions employ one ID and 27 (36%) employ two to five IDs, and 19 (25%) of the participants did not know how many instructional designers were employed by their organization. Participants reported that 22 (40%) specialize in more than one type of work such as database development, classroom technology, faculty development, and assessment/evaluation. Conclusion There is a wide variety of work environments for IDs in academic medicine; these range from large academic research institutions to consultant companies. A significant portion of IDs advise faculty on pedagogy and teaching best practices and develop professional development training. Job titles for IDs are also varied, representative of a wide range of influence within academic medicine organizations. ID expertise that was considered most commonly needed in academic medicine includes familiarity with learning management systems, multimedia literacy, and pedagogy.
Chapter
A number of studies have been conducted exploring competencies expected of instructional designers in the field. The results of these studies that have explored competencies and the alignment and discrepancies between instructional designers and their clients’ and employers’ expectations demonstrate the need for instructional designers to be prepared to serve in a number of expanded roles as instructional designers. In order to prepare instructional designers for what will be expected of them upon entering the instructional design workforce, graduate programs need to look at which competencies are being emphasized through their respective curricula. The purpose of this chapter is to explore instructional design course offerings among programs across the United States as they relate to design pedagogy and praxis. We also offer discussion on the types of instructional exposure needed to prepare aspiring instructional designers for the field.
Article
Defining instructional design expertise has been a concern among scholars for many years. Understanding expertise and expert performance is complex due to the nature of ill‐structured problems and the variety of contexts in which instructional designers work. If the field seeks to effectively prepare designers and enhance performance in existing professionals, a unified understanding and definition of expertise is needed. This 25‐year review evaluated existing definitions in well‐established literature. Findings revealed a lack of a clear, consistently used definition. Scholars predominately used expert characteristics to conceptualize expertise. A synthesis of these characteristics illuminated three traits of expert instructional designers: knowledge, skills, and dispositions. These traits informed the creation of a new definition. Innovations in research, theory, and practice are discussed which would provide new avenues for understanding, developing, and evaluating expertise over the next 25 years.
Article
The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how learning design and educational technology degree programs prepare students to evaluate in practice. This study involved the curricular mapping of 16 graduate instructional design programs and 29 semi-structured interviews with program faculty and recent postgraduates. Based on information shared during the interviews, this study produced nine themes according to three metathemes: (a) the role of problem-solving in evaluation, (b) alignment of evaluation activities in instructional design, and (c) relevancy of evaluation in instructional design. The findings revealed that evaluation was not prioritized for most programs, due to lack of time, client resources, employer lack of interest, and limited faculty experience in evaluation. Other recommendations are provided for how to enhance evaluative practices in instructional design coursework.
Article
Full-text available
Internationalisation has been a key theme in higher education (HE) for decades. Multiple initiatives across the world have contributed to creating offerings of high-quality online education, with collaborations across national borders. Two of the concepts that have proved to be influential are Virtual Mobility (VM) and Open Education (OE). Virtual mobility refers to study activities that students enrolled in HE in one country undertake online in other countries without physically moving. Such activities are certified and mutually acknowledged by participating institutions. Open education covers global initiatives increasing access to free online quality education, without or with alternative forms of certification. The research presented in this article identifies the learner skills and competences that are supported by Open Virtual Mobility (OpenVM), a new trend in online education that builds upon these two concepts. A group concept mapping study based on the contributions of experts in both VM and OE resulted in defining seven learner skills and competence areas including: intercultural skills and attitudes; networked learning; active self-regulated learner skills; media and digital literacy; autonomy-driven learning, interactive and collaborative learning in an authentic international environment and open-mindedness. The study provided input for further conceptualising of OpenVM as a bridge between VM and OE.
Article
Full-text available
Web-based lecture technologies (WBLT) have gained popularity amongst universities in Australia as a tool for delivering lecture recordings to students in close to real time. This paper reports on a selection of results from a larger research project investigating the impact of WBLT on teaching and learning. Results show that while staff see the advantages for external students, they question the extent to which these advantages apply to internal students. In contrast both cohorts of students were positive about the benefits of the technologies for their learning and they adopted similar strategies for their use. With the help of other technologies, some external students and staff even found WBLT useful for fostering communication between internal and external students. As such, while the traditional boundary between internal and external students seems to remain for some staff, students seem to find the boundary much less clear.
Chapter
Bureaucratic theory explains how a system of authority based on impersonal rules guides organizational and individual decision making and behavior. Organizational scholars have long considered how bureaucracy intersects with and impacts control and communication in organizational life. Communication scholars have analyzed, critiqued, and noted potential transformations of the shifts and failures of bureaucratic organizing in modern society. Of particular interest for organizational communication scholars has been the rise of postbureaucratic forms of organizing and control and their role in today's global society.
Chapter
Over the past decade, a handful of researchers have studied the most important skills for becoming an effective instructional designer (Kenny, Zhang, Schwier, & Campbell, 2014; Lowenthal, Wilson, & Dunlap, 2010; Ritzhaupt, Martin, & Daniels, 2010; Sugar, Brown, Daniels, & Hoard, 2011; Sugar et al., 2012). While nearly all employers indicate the need for specific instructional design skills and knowledge (e.g., ADDIE, ID models), many of the most requested skills are neither technical nor theoretical, but instead include social skills such as creativity, teamwork, and communication. For example, collaboration was the second most requested skill of instructional design job postings in Sugar et al.’s (2012) findings, while communication skills was the third most requested ability. In a Delphi study of instructional designers in higher education, communication and social skills were the first and second most important skills, respectively (Sugar et al., 2011). In this chapter, we discuss how a studio-based approach to instruction may foster such skills.
Article
Instructional designers are increasingly looking beyond the field’s mainstream approaches to achieve desired outcomes. They seek more creative forms of design to help them invent more imaginative experiences that better reflect their vision and ideals. This essay is addressed to designers who are attracted to these expanded visions of their profession. Innovative approaches to design can be considered dangerous, at least to the status quo. The author first discusses why this is so, and then explains how embracing the danger—accepting the risks that accompany originality and innovation—might also be what allows designers to develop experiences consistent with the high-levels of quality they seek. He concludes with some thoughts on the kind of habits and character designers should cultivate to sustain creative, innovative approaches in their practice.