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Prospecção Arqueológica no Alto Côa. Novas descobertas de arte rupestre.
The world’s greatest concentration of Palaeolithic engraved rock art in the open-air is found in the Côa Valley, northeast Portugal. However, this restricted territory was not isolated. Several other coeval rock art sites are in the territory where lithic raw material sourcing was in action, particularly in the Douro Basin. Motifs from these sites are morphologically and technologically similar to those of the Côa Valley, but these sites are much smaller and have more restricted chronologies, as well as a lesser thematic variability. In this chapter, I will briefly characterise each of these sites over time, attempting to reveal the chronological changes as well as the continuities regarding the modes of social appropriation of a landscape by means of its rock art. The patterns emerging from this analysis strongly suggest that the Côa Valley was an aggregation locale of several bands of hunter-gatherers probably dominated by a totemic mode of identification as it was defined by Philippe Descola in 2005. These patterns cease to exist sometime after the GI-1d climatic event (c. 14,000 cal. BP) of the INTIMATE event stratigraphy, rock art coeval of the GS-1 (12,800–11,800 cal. BP) being already very different from the previous one.
Este texto debruça-se sobre a rocha 7 da Faia, um dos sítios que compõem o conjunto de arte paleolítica do Vale do Côa. Trata-se do segundo espaço parietal deste sítio criado durante o Paleolítico Superior, muito provavelmente durante o intervalo temporal compreendido entre o Gravettense e o Solutrense médio. Contrariamente à maior parte dos espaços parietais do Côa, este não se encontra ao ar livre, mas sob abrigo, em zona de penumbra. A composição que nele se encontra é constituída apenas por uma cerva e uma possível unidade gráfica não figurativa, ambas conseguidas por picotagem. Na primeira parte do texto serão descritos a metodologia de estudo, o sítio e a rocha em si. Ao longo dos capítulos 4 a 6 será discutida a importância da rocha nos contextos do sítio, do Vale do Côa e da arte paleolítica da Península Ibérica.
The focus of this text is rock 7 of Faia, one of the sites of the Côa Valley with Palaeolithic rock art. Rock 7 is the second parietal space of the site that was created during the Upper Palaeolithic, most probably between the Gravettian and the middle Solutrean. It is the only panel of the Côa valley that was not engraved on the open-air, but under shelter, in a shaded zone. Only a hind and a possible non-figurative graphic unit were engraved, both obtained by pecking. In the first part of this text we describe the methodology of our study, the site and the rock itself. In chapters 4 to 6 we will discuss the importance of this particular parietal space in the context of the site, of the Côa Valley Palaeolithic rock art complex and the of the Iberian Palaeolithic rock art.
Informe final Proyecto de Investigación financiado por la Fundación Calouste Gulbenkian, Portugal
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