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134
Social psychology and society
2017. Vol. 8, no. 4, рр. 134—164
doi: 10.17759/sps.20170804010
ISSN: 2221-1527 (print)
ISSN: 2311-7052 (online)
© 2017 Moscow State University of Psychology & Education
Социальная психология и общество
2017. Т. 8. № 4. С. 134—164
doi: 10.17759/sps.20170804010
ISSN: 2221-1527 (печатный)
ISSN: 2311-7052 (online)
© 2017 ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ
* Masgutova Svetlana K. — Ph.D., Professional Education Director, Lecturer, Educational Institute®
for Neuro-Sensory-Motor and Reflex Integration, LLC, Orlando, Florida, USA, masgutovas@msn.com
** Shackleford Patricia — Ph. D., NCSP, Research Director, Lecturer, Supervisor, PK Concept,
LLC, Melrose, FL, USA, drpattypkc@gmail.com
*** Masgutov Denis R. — MA, Director, Lecturer, International Dr. Svetlana Masgutova Institute,
LLC, Warsaw, Poland, biuromasgu@com
ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
APPLIED RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
The Use of Restoring Resources of the Survival Roles and Reflex
Patterns in MNRI® (Reflex Integration) Interactive Training
of Personality Growth and Interpersonal Relations
S.K. MASGUTOVA*,
Educational Institute® for Neuro-Sensory-Motor and Reflex Integration, LLC,
Orlando, Florida, USA, masgutovas@msn.com
P. SHACKLEFORD**,
PK Concept, LLC, Melrose, FL, USA, drpattypkc@gmail.com
D.R. MASGUTOV***,
International Dr. Svetlana Masgutova Institute, LLC, Warsaw, Poland,
biuromasgu@com
Personality growth as a socio-psychological problem is a multi-complex phenom-
enon that targets Self-identity, Self-actualization, and other areas. During the last
decade scientists started studying other factors limiting the personality growth, such
as stress and post-trauma. However, the Survival Roles, the socio-individual patterns
based on neurophysiological and psychological defense mechanisms blocking the per-
sonality Self-actualization, social interaction and professional business qualities, are
rarely discussed. Thus this study based on Survival Roles may extend the personality
growth oriented concepts and therapy modality tools. This study showed a correlation
For citation:
Masgutova S.K, Shackleford P, Masgutov D.R. The Use of Restoring Resources of the Survival Roles and Reflex
Patterns in MNRI® (Reflex Integration) Interactive Training of Personality Growth and Interpersonal Rela-
tions. Sotsial'naia psikhologiia i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society], 2017. Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 134—164. (In
Russ., аbstr. in Engl.). doi:10.17759/sps.20170804010
135
Прикладные исследования и практика
Introduction
Scientific research is being conducted
in many countries investigating the growth
of social consciousness concerning the im-
portance of socio-psychological care of
ecological personality development, the
uniqueness of a person and the orientation
for success on the level of personality and
identity as the creator of social life (R. Syl-
wester, 2007; B. Lipton, 2005). E. Goldberg
(2009) describes personality as largely de-
termined by the individual’s neurobiology
with personality disorders being caused
by changes in the brain-not an extracra-
nial phenomenon. Even with this current
research, there is still a lack of attention is
given to neurodevelopmental resources and
the aspects of psychophysiology of survival
limitations. The development of personality
and the psychophysiology of this develop-
ment is ever expanding (P. Blantt, 2008).
Personality being “the enduring character-
istics of the person that are significant for in-
terpersonal behavior” (L. Goodstein, 1975),
depends on nervous system differences that
are inherent. The character of balance be-
tween excitation and inhibition processes
in the central nervous system (CNS) is cru-
cial, specifically functioning of the Reticu-
lar Activating System (RAS) (H. Eysenk,
1980; E. Goldberg, 2001: E. Jensen, 1995).
The RAS located in the brainstem is mainly
aimed at maintaining an optimum level of
alertness or ‘arousal’. This part of the brain-
stem serves as the filter to sort out the sen-
sory data as safe or “threatening”. When the
data is safe it activates the brain for bring-
ing the data to cortex through excitation of
neural impulses, and when the data is “dan-
gerous” RAS “damp them down” though in-
hibition (R. Gross, 1987), and activates sur-
vival mechanisms (S. Masgutova, P. Curlee,
2006; S. Masgutova, D. Masgutov, 2015;
P. Shackeford, 2015).
Socio-Personal Identity
and Factors for its Formation
Identity formation is “the problem‐
solving behavior aimed at eliciting infor-
between Survival Role patterns, stress resilience, and survival reflexes (integrative
units of the nervous system functions). Comparative data on 464 business profession-
als from high management jobs (Study Group — n=340, and Control Group — n=124)
participated in this research which found 70.9 % (n=329) of the total group was in
stress. This stress activated socio-individual Survival Roles and protective reflex pat-
terns which responded with reactivity, over-protection, non-constructive interactions
with others and limited business strategies. The MNRI® reflex integrative training
used in this study demonstrated improvement of functions of the protective reflex pat-
terns effected positively the survival mechanisms including increased stress resilience,
and decreased negative effect of Survival Roles. MNRI® proposes a new paradigm in
the realm of personality growth and socio-interpersonal activity, and supports the neu-
rophysiological aspects to optimize the overall quality of life of business professionals
from a variety of high management business areas.
Keywords: socio-psychological development, Self-actualization, personality
growth, stress resilience, Survival Roles, protective reflexes, the MNRI® — Masgutova
NeuroReflex Integration Assessment and Training.
136
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
mation about oneself or environment in
order to make a decision about an impor-
tant life choice” (H. Bosma & E. Kunnen,
2001, p. 52). Personal Identity is truly a
human feature and is used to determine
life’s meaning, direction, and purpose.
S. Mequio (2009), T. Luckmann, (1979),
E. Erikson (1950) were the first to estab-
lish identity formation as the major task
for adolescence. S. Mequio (2009) also
suggests that it is only by going through
an identity crisis characterized by a peri-
od of distress where young people explore
their souls and experiment with options
are they able to determine and develop
their beliefs and values. The outcome, ac-
cording to E. Erikson (1950) and J. Mar-
cia (1965), can be positive (formation of a
personal identity) or negative (confusion
about adult roles). E. Goldberg (2009)
finds that frontal lobes of the brain are
what makes individuals who they are and
gives them their identity. H. Plessner
(1981/1928), G. Mead (1967/1934) and
J. Cooley (1967/1902) describe the pro-
cess of inter-subjective mirroring as the
social construct of ‘socio-personal identi-
ty’ and can be explained by the joint, inter-
dependent evolution of the body and mind
(T. Luckmann, 1979; D. Goleman, 1995;
K. Cahana, 2011). Some current research
purports that the formation of one’s iden-
tity begins during emerging adulthood
(S. Schwartz &M. Montgomery, 2002).
Emerging adulthood is the period of life
after adolescence before young adulthood
(J. Arnett, 2000). Researchers argue soci-
ety and culture have changed, allowing in-
dividuals to delay adult tasks (such as, em-
ployment, marriage, and parenthood) until
later in life (J. Arnett, 2000; H. Bosma &
E. Kunnen, 2001; Schwartz & Montgom-
ery, 2002). Therefore, some people tend
to postpone the exploration and commit-
ment related to identity development un-
til emerging adulthood. Other researchers
offer the notion that the support and op-
portunities offered by an individual’s envi-
ronment have a large influence on identity
formation (K. Luycx, L. Goossens, B. Soe-
nens, 2006; K. Cahana, 2011).
Maslow’s concept of “Self-actualization
and hierarchy of needs” is one of most ap-
propriate topics to address when looking
at how new concepts of personality have
emerged (A. Maslow, 1954). Accord-
ing to Maslow people are subject to two
quite different sets of motivational forces:
those ensuring survival by satisfying basic
physical and psychological needs (physi-
ological, safety, belongingness, love and
esteem need), and those promoting the
person’s self-actualization to realize their
full potential; “becoming everything that
one is capable of becoming”, especially
in the intellectual and cognitive domains
(R. Gross, 1987). Behaviors relating to
survival or deficiency needs are engaged
in because they satisfy the need relating
to self-actualization and the importance of
the care at the most basic level — “safety
needs”. The needs lower down the hierar-
chy must be satisfied before one can fully
attend to need at the next higher level.
The higher up the hierarchy one goes, the
greater the need is linked to life experience
and the less to the biological character of
the need. The higher up one moves on the
hierarchy, the more difficult the need is to
achieve.
Maslow based his studies of the charac-
teristics of achievers of self-actualization,
(Einstein, William James, Eleanor Roos-
evelt, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson,
Spinoza and others) and proposed charac-
teristics of self-actualization that could be
treated as the personality factors for success
(see Table 1).
137
Прикладные исследования и практика
Self-Trust and Success:
Self-trust is the first secret to success
(R. Emerson, 2012). C. Rogers (1961) used
the term unconditional positive regard in
describing Self-trust. C. Jung (in D. Richo,
2010) suggests that children be taught how
to go inward to learn the art of Self-trust.
Other researchers suggest that Self-trust is
an all important factor in growth whether it
is personal or economical, and is a learnable
skill as well as an emotional ability (S. Cov-
ey, 2011; C. Wall, 2004). Of all the motiva-
tional factors examined by J. Baum (2001)
to determine the motivational factors of suc-
cessful businesses, he found the strongest
tie with long term success was the CEO’s
attitude of self-efficacy. J. Baum (2001)
also suggests that understanding the links
between an attitude of Self-efficacy, trust,
and long term business success provides an
important lesson for managers at all levels
and in all settings. M. Healy (2009) sums up
the importance of self-trust as follows: “it is
the key that unlocks the doorway of creative
freedom and personal truth”.
Social Support and Identity
One main area to review when self-trust
and success are considered is socio-psycho-
logical support and its effect on the devel-
opment of personal identity. Social support
can be defined as supportive relationships
with others (DuBois, et al., 2002). Many
researchers suggest that the two greatest
sources of support come from family and
Table 1: Characteristics of Self-actualization and behavior leading
to Self-actualization (after A. Maslow, 1962/1970)
Characteristics of Self-Actualizers
— They perceive reality efficiently and can tolerate uncertainty
— Accept themselves and others for what they are
— Spontaneous in thought and action
— Problem-centered (not self-centered)
— Good sense of humor
— Able to look at life objectively
— Highly creative
— Resistant to enculturation, but not purposely unconventional
— Concerned for the welfare of mankind
— Capable of deep appreciation of basic life-experiences
— Establish deep satisfying interpersonal relationships with a few people
— Pear experiences
Behaviors leading to Self-actualization
— Experience new things instead of sticking to safe paths
— Trying life like a child, with full absorption and concentration
— Listening to your own feelings in evaluating experiences instead of the voice of
tradition or authority or the majority
— Avoiding pretense (“game playing”) and being honest
— Being prepared to be unpopular if the views do not coincide with those of the
majority
— Taking responsibility and working hard
— Trying to identify own defenses and having the courage to give them up.
138
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
peers, with play being a part in the devel-
opment of personal identity (H. Bosma,
E. Kunnen, 2001; DuBois, et al., 2002).
Bannerman (internet 10-2011) finds that
the social support from family offers the
opportunity to provide children learning
to make positive choices and learning from
choices that do not bring expected results.
He suggests that repeated opportunities to
make choices during daily routines can pro-
vide a child with a positive, general sense of
well-being, both psychological and physi-
cal. R. Baumeister and M. Muraven (1996)
proposed that, whereas societies play an im-
portant role in shaping identities, individu-
als also exert choices that influence their
identities. Being able to make a choice, rec-
ognize opportunities provided by others to
make choices, and initiate choice-making
opportunities lays the foundation for inde-
pendent and successful living (R. Banner-
man, 1996; internet 10-2011).
In summing up the importance of per-
sonal identity, self-trust and social support,
the above authors suggest these factors are
necessary for a productive, positive life. But
what happens to the individual who do not
developed the ability, skills or life habits
that foster a positive self-identity and who
cannot find the path to an active, joyful life
and struggles with personal relationships,
leaning and life careers? Generally, re-
searchers and educators alike suggest that
the negative and positive self-feelings of
children are rooted in their social relation-
ships, mental health, performance at school,
and their overall successful adaptation to
the environment around them (M. Rosen-
berg, 1979). Current research describes
how “beliefs control biology” (B. Lipton,
2005), how the vibration field if the heart
affects the way we interact with others
(C. Hannaford, 2002), how the flooding of
chemicals released in the body during stress
and threat affects individuals, (E. Jensen,
2000; E. Goldberg, 2009), and the effect
emotional arousal has on everything we do
(R. Sylwester, 2007; E. Jensen, 2000; B. Lip-
ton, 2005). These inappropriate responses
from the body exhibit in many forms such
as anxiety, antisocial behavior and general
emotional delays. Stress is the body’s reac-
tion to any change that requires an adjust-
ment or response. The body reacts to these
changes with physical, mental, and emo-
tional responses (E. Jensen. 2000; E. Gold-
berg, 2009; R. Sylwester, 2007).
J. Kiffer (WebMD,10-2011) lists the
following as the effect of stress on the body:
• Forty-three percent of all adults suf-
fer adverse health effects from stress.
• Seventy-five percent to 90% of all
doctor’s office visits are for stress-related
ailments and complaints.
• Stress can play a part in problems
such as headaches, high blood pressure,
heart problems, diabetes, skin conditions,
asthma, arthritis, depression, and anxiety.
• The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) declared stress a
hazard of the workplace. Stress costs Ameri-
can industry more than $300 billion annually.
• The lifetime prevalence of an emo-
tional disorder is more than 50%, often due
to chronic, untreated stress reactions.
Stress and Role of Reflex Integration
for Stress Resilience and Success
Stress is defined in medical and psycho-
logical sciences as an internal state and pro-
cess presenting a non-specific response of
the organism as the results of the effect of
different extreme factors potentially dan-
gerous for homeostasis, and characterized
by stereotypic changes in functions of the
nerve and endocrine systems (H. Selye,
139
Прикладные исследования и практика
1974). A need or demand that is perceived
to exceed the resources available to effec-
tively deal with it at a certain time, can
cause a stress. However too intense stress
can lead to pathogenic diseases (psycho-
logical, endocrine, heart and circulation,
and other).
The term stress (pressure, tension, sup-
pression) means pressure applied on the
system or organism. This term was first pro-
posed by Walter Cannon (1999). Canadian
scientist Hans Selye in 1926, started using
this term in the sense of emotional response
and as a state affecting the health condi-
tion. As a medical student he had noticed
the fact that many patients suffering of dif-
ferent diseases were showing up common
symptoms such as: loss of the desire to eat,
loss of body weight and poor muscle tone
regulation and muscle pain, easy tiredness
and sleepiness.
Different responses in stress can greatly
affect the development of personality, life-
long success and positive life experiences
and are developed from early childhood.
D. Amen (2005), E. Jensen (2000, 2006),
C. Hannaford (2002), B. Lipton (2005), and
others all express the need to use movement
and exercise to maintain a well-functioning
“body-mind” system that is resistant to
non-controlled, reactive and inappropri-
ate behaviors. S. Masgutova (2005, 2006,
2007), takes this principle for the need to
integrate the basic sensory-motor patterns
and reflexes to supply their neuro-maturity
to achieve the ‘freedom from automaticity”
(S. Masgutova et al., 2015). Primary motor
reactions and reflex patterns are the source
of sensorimotor and cerebral development,
which, in turn, becomes the foundation for
future intentional movement, learning, and
further intellectual development. (L. Vy-
gotsky, 1986; J. Piaget, 1973; A. Leontiev,
1972; B. Elkonin,1974; L. Bozovich,1968).
Primary sensory-motor system affects the
development of the body-mind system
(L. Vygotsky, 1986; L. Bozovich, 1968), and
the process of integrating primary move-
ments and cognitive development is most
crucial in infants and toddlers (L. Vygotsky,
1986; J. Piaget,1973; B. Elkonin, 1974;
D. Elkonin, 1998; L. Venger, 1969, 1988).
S. Masgutova (2004—2007) explains that
experiencing stress (physical or emotional)
affects emotional and cognitive-intellectual
maturation and the ability to learn. Stress is
the main source of impulsive behavior and
engenders a reliance on primitive reactions
and reflexes, both of which lead to a regres-
sion in the formation of coordinated move-
ment systems and skills. Because reactive re-
sponses and primary reflexes are designed to
protect the individual and to ensure surviv-
al, they often overshadow the reasoning that
occurs in the neocortex of the human brain.
In Masgutova’s research on over 3,560 sub-
jects (age range 1 month—18 years) with
any of a variety of developmental deficits,
a correlation between the poor develop-
ment of reflex patterns and the challenging
deficit(s) are noted. Seventy-eight percent
of those individuals (age range 4—15 years)
demonstrated various difficulties such as:
poor memory or a hyperactive or hypoac-
tive Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex. It
was also found that attention deficit disor-
der (ADD), attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), and poor transition from
concrete to abstract thinking were associ-
ated with having a poor Symmetrical Tonic
Neck Reflex in 57% of these subjects. Fifty-
eight percent of the children with an atten-
tion disorder also exhibited problems with
the Spinal Galant, Spinal Perez, and also the
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflexes (S. Mas-
gutova et al., 2015; P. Shackleford, 2015).
L. Vygotsky (1986) recognized the impor-
tance of reflexive responses serving all hu-
140
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
man life. Reflexive responses serve two tasks:
to carry out protection role, and to build the
transition for internal regulation.
Masgutova Neurosensorimotor
Reflex Integration Program
MNRI® has been used since 1989—
2000 in Russia and Europe (2000—2017)
and, more recently, in other countries
(1994—2017) to treat individuals with cer-
tain types of sensory-motor or reflex devel-
opment deficits, behaviour disorders, disor-
ders of speech or language development, or
learning disabilities. It has been our clinical
experience that MNRI furthers neurodevel-
opment in impaired individuals and enables
them to integrate primary movements, re-
flexes, coordination systems, and skills that
enable optimal functioning, development,
and learning. We have found that therapy
with MNRI stimulates the reflex patterns
that awaken sensorimotor memory, which
has been shown to positively affect physi-
cal strength, immune activity, cognitive,
emotional, social, and motor abilities. This
Program also is successful in brain mapping
functions changes (J. Koberda, N. Akhmato-
va, et al., 2016). The official research of the
Effect of MNRI on children and adult Indi-
viduals with PTSD have demonstrated sig-
nificant results in objective brain method
and immune tests (J. Koberda, N. Akhmato-
va, et al., 2016; J. Koberda, N. Akhmatova,
2016; Akhmatova N., et al., 2015).
In brief, MNRI is based on exercises and
techniques (repatterning, re-education,
and recoding) that involve the repetition
of dynamic and postural re ex patterns. e
stimulation of those re exes revives traces
of genetic motor memory and activates the
innate defensive mechanisms of the body—
brain system. MNRI exercises stimulate in-
nate resources such as self-regulation, stress
resistance, and immune system regulation.
Repatterning, which is also facilitated by
the exercises, involves the stimulation of
the “defense” functions of the lower brain
regions, the extension of links between neu-
rons, the growth of neural nets, myelina-
tion, and the creation of new nerve routing,
as described by I. Sechenov (1960, 1995)
Virella et al. (1990), and P. Anokhin (1975,
1973).
Normal Stress Response,
Negative Stress and Trauma:
The early work of Walter Cannon
(1931) revealed that the autonomic ner-
vous system manages two general states
of function in the body as a normal course
of daily life: 1) The Non-Alarm State and
2) The Alarm State. A healthy individual
exposed to an isolated traumatic event will
experience normal activation of neural re-
sponses designed to protect the body and
enhance survival. Generated by the sym-
pathetic nervous system, impulses from the
lower brain travel to the organs and tissues,
causing all the symptoms we recognize in
stress: sweating or goose flesh, dilated pu-
pils, rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing,
internal pressure, trembling, pallor, and
perhaps even nausea. The release of adren-
alin in the HPA-stress-axis (hypothalamus-
pituitary-adrenal; H. Selye, 1974) pumps
energy out to the limbs to support escape
or self-defense (‘fight or flight’). The enteric
nervous system, popularly referred to as the
‘brain in the gut,’ acts to regulate digestion
in ways that enhance survival.
The parasympathetic nervous system ac-
tivates a relaxation response when danger has
passed and one can safely return to the Non-
Alarm State. In cases of overwhelming terror
141
Прикладные исследования и практика
when no escape and no hope for survival seem
possible, the parasympathetic system releases
the same neurotransmitters and hormones
that help the body relax, but in much larger
amounts. This brings on the freeze response
(hold breathing). In car accidents, during
rape or under threat at gunpoint, protective
‘freezing’ enables a person to collapse, faint, or
dissociate from their body.
Following a traumatic event other symp-
toms may persist for a few days: intense
bad memories, at effect, muscle tension,
tremors, unstable gait, lack of grounding,
poor balance, anxiety, and feelings of isola-
tion. Normally, when the traumatic event
is over or the source of trauma removed, a
healthy individual will gradually phase out
of the stressed state and move into a state
mediated by the parasympathetic nervous
system, recovering fully within a few days
or weeks. This cycle of transition from Non-
Alarm State to Alarm State and back to
Non-Alarm State is governed by the auto-
nomic nervous system with its sympathetic,
enteric, and parasympathetic subsystems
(H. Selye, 1974). Chronic stress and trau-
ma can affect the personality qualities de-
velopment: suffering causes reactivity in
thoughts and behaviour; irretentiveness;
lack of desire to be active or opposite, reac-
tive; improper self-criticism; being critically
demanding towards others, hypervigilance,
poor positive thinking, poor creativity and
other. Trauma is also affecting the corti-
cal and extrapyramidal nervous systems
destroying their neurons, and particularly,
limiting functions of: the prefrontal cortex
(programming centres, decision making,
inhibition of reactive emotions and behav-
iour, speech); diencephalon and specifi-
cally of basal ganglia (balance of excitatory
and inhibitory neurotransmitters, behav-
iour regulation), hippocampus (memory),
amygdala (fear and other emotions decod-
ing centre), limbic system (emotions regu-
lation), brain stem (automatic programs
of an organism and reflexes) (M. Milad,
G. Quirk, 2002; M. Morgan, L. Romanski,
J. LeDoux, 1993; L. Shin, S. Rauch, R. Pit-
man, 2006; F. Dolcos, K. Labar, R. Cabeza,
2004; N. Doidge, 2014).
Stress and its Bio-physiological
Characteristics
The knowledge of stress is essential for
understanding the nature of the personality
growth limiting factors, and for choice of
the therapy and methods. Most important
questions are: what are stressors causing
the state and inability to develop healthy
self-protection patterns. Stressors can be:
medical condition of health (injuries, pain,
surgery, loss of blood, drug and other poi-
soning, low and high temperatures, radia-
tion), sensory over- or under-stimulation
(too much light/darkness, noise higher of
85 db.), psychological factors (emotional
tension and trauma, poor control of intellec-
tual processes), too intense and hard work
(high expectations in achievements, failure
in job and life goals), too intense physical
activities (sports, dances), and other.
The biological meaning of stress is
switching on adaptive abilities of the organ-
ism to a response to extreme changes in ex-
ternal and internal environment. However,
the long-term or too intense influence of
a stressor or several stressors can compro-
mise the adaptive abilities, which leads to
homeostasis dysfunctions and even patho-
logical disorders.
Hans Selye (1926/1974) found that in-
dependent of the nature of a stressor the
common symptoms are seen in patients
(hypertrophy of hypothalamus, adrenals;
involution of the hypophysis and lymphatic
142
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
glands; stomach-intestine and digestion
problems) called “Selye triade”.
Stress usually is described as a negative
condition of the organism. It actually is a
condition that can be caused by both, a nega-
tive or positive stimulus, that can impact on
a person’s mental state and physical health
by over- activation of the sympathetic nerve
system. The stress can also move to positive
changes and choices though the stressor was
negative and painful, challenging our ho-
meostasis (H. Selye, 1974).
The level of stress depends on a stress-
or — its frequency, intensity, duration of
stress stimulus and environments. Stress
management is based on our genetic factors
(the strength of the nerve system and abil-
ity for stress resistance), and on the fact of
how much the stressor triggers. When the
intensity of the stressor is exceeding the
ability of the nerve system to decode and
cope, the personality growth can come to a
limiting end, shifting to Survival Roles can
take place, and the interpersonal relations
can be affected negatively (a tendency to
conflicts, too irrelevant demands to sur-
rounding people, lack of ability to project
and build positive relations and business).
Analysis of existing concepts of personal
growth and interrelations, stress and surviv-
al based on the evidences of the neurological
functions of the extrapyramidal nervous sys-
tem responsible for defensive reflex patterns
allows to link all these realms and to find any
possible correlations between them.
Role of Survival in Personality
Development
The process of survival is an essential
part of our life. The assurance of protec-
tion and survival on the physical and neu-
ropsychological levels supplies the feeling
of security and satisfaction, also the feeling
of freedom, the state of curiosity, motiva-
tion and orientation for learning, and true
success. The concept of the importance of
survival process in personality development
has been shown in psychology by numer-
ous authors, each with their own focus on
different aspects of survival. Some of these
focuses include: survival as seen from the
concept of development of self-identity and
features of maturity (E. Erickson, 1980;
H. Dubowitz, 1989; N. Tolstykh, 1991);
neurodevelopment (L. Sadowska, 2001;
S. Masgutova, 2005; S. Masgutova, A. Reg-
ner, 2008); as a basic feature of trust into
the world (E. Erickson, 1980; C. Rodgers,
1961); natural personality development
mechanisms (L.S. Vygotsky, 1968); attach-
ment and disorders (K. Brisch and K. Kro-
nenberg, 2004; T. Levy, M. Orlans, 1998;
J. Masterson, 2006; R. Sylwester, 2007;
protections mechanisms (S. Freud, 1926),
family structure and stereotypes in rela-
tionships causing co-dependence (S. Weg-
sheider, 1998), unconscious processes and
reflexive behavior (S. Freud, 1923; S. Mas-
gutova, 2004), goal and values orientation
(A. Leontiev, 1971, 1977), and also lack of
development of Bonding reflex (S. Mas-
gutova, 2004, 2005). A. Schore (1999) sug-
gests that the early mother-child bonding
affects the orbitofrontal cortex, and if early
life is stressful then later-life stress related
diseases are possible, including the psychi-
atric ones.
Positive survival creates the ground for devel-
opment of self-identity and the use of the protec-
tion mechanisms with orientation on solutions.
On the neuro-developmental level a positive
mental attitude is an integral part of survival
and combats your unconscious stress, allowing
one to think more clearly and make better deci-
sions (E. Jensen, 2006; C. Congar, 2011; B. Lip-
143
Прикладные исследования и практика
ton, 2005; S. Masgutova, 2010). Researchers
have shown how the fight-or-flight (also known
as the acute stress response) limits the amount
of things one can observe: while, improving
one’s attitude and therefore lowering stress, one
becomes reinvigorated and awareness of their
surroundings improves (S. Masgutova, 2010;
B. Lipton, 2005; PsychologyWorld.com, 2011).
Negative survival results in the ten-
dency to anchor and orient in a long-term
way on the negative experience; builds co-
dependent relationships; and, suffers from,
“production of the negative feelings” of
helplessness and being alone. Personalities
with such a tendency usually demonstrate
the features of slow adaptation to new
conditions and dislikes life changes; lacks
self-confidence and poor decision mak-
ing; exhibits low self-esteem, shyness, and
embarrassment in social relations; demon-
strates continuous immaturity and escape
mechanisms. These create co-dependent
attitudes towards people, things, ideas etc.
E. Goldberg (2005) reminds that choices
and creativity are limited in negative and
chronic survival stages.
Poorly developed self-identity as the
result of the un-integration of the bond-
ing reflex and motivation integration leads
to two basic non-productive responses in
relationships: co-dependent relations and
negation, rejection of the world and of own
“Self” (E. Erickson, 1980). In co-dependent
relations such a personality demonstrates
the features of slow adaptation to new con-
ditions and dislike of changes; lack of self-
confidence and poor decision making; low
self-esteem, shyness, and embarrassment in
social relations; continuous immaturity and
escape mechanisms. The co-dependent per-
son orients on receiving support and praise
because of fear of failure, instead of being
naturally curious and open to new informa-
tion. These individuals are hyper-sensitive
to social opinions, reject their own feelings,
and creates co-dependent attitudes towards
people, things, ideas etc. In negative types of
interaction there appears trends like superi-
ority, aggressiveness, hostility, evoking of-
fensive behavior, an inability to forgive, and
have difficulty in dealings with authority.
Both types of relations cause a co-de-
pendent style in cognition, learning and
relations, and have the concrete expression
through Survival Roles (S. Wegsheider-
Cruse, 1998): such as “Fanatics”, “Enabler”,
“Family Hero”, “Scapegoat”, “Lost Child”,
and “Mascot” and possibly others. The pri-
ority behaviors in these roles are based on
negative protection and compensations in
stress situation. For example, in the role of
“Fanatic” the person is so involved in their
ideas and beliefs; they cannot be open to
communication with others and can’t see a
wider perspective of reality and event. In the
role of “Family Hero,” the person is taking
on so many responsibilities for all other peo-
ple, they forget about their own needs, plans
and responsibilities. In the role of “Scape-
Fig. 1. Survival Roles Model based on concept
by S. Wegsheider-Cruse, 1998)
144
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
goat,” the person demonstrates the tendency
to take the responsibility for the failures of
other people and groups and events and re-
sponds with the feeling of being guilty. All
these examples show a tendency of limita-
tion regarding the possibilities for construc-
tive communication and personal growth.
Study Goal. The main goal of this study
is to find out the correlation between the so-
cio-individual Survival Roles and their links
with stress resilience, and survival reflex pat-
terns that serve as the physiological aspect
of the socio-personality growth creating in
an individual the feeling of a ‘protection-
safety’ in their interactions with others and
in reaching the business professional tasks.
Research Logistics, Study
Participants, and Hypothesis
The present research was realized in 3 steps:
Step 1 — Pre-test (n=464): The re-
search was carried out with a Study Group
of 340 professionals and Control Group of
124 having the high rank jobs as business
managers and directors of offices aged from
32 to 54 with experience of 3—10 years of
work. All having high business education
and high or good level of success overall.
Participants were from different coun-
tries — Poland, Russia, Germany, USA,
Canada, Israel, and Singapore. Research
was conducted in years of 2006-2014.
They were proposed to participate
in: 1) the modified Survival Roles Test
by S. Wegsheider-Cruse (1981, 1989),
2) the MNRI® NeuroReflex Assessment by
S. Masgutova (2004, 2010), 3) the Stress-
Resilience Questionnaire by S. Masgutova
(2010—2017) validated through tests of
1600 individuals with chronic stress, post-
trauma and PTSD (S. Masgutova, 2015).
Step 2 — MNRI® Training Procedure:
The Study Group of business professionals
(n=340) undergone the MNRI® Reflex In-
tegration training called also as the MNRI®
anti-stress program oriented on work with
negative effects of stress and stress resil-
ience increase using the Reflex Integration
concept. The Control Group(n=124) was
not proposed any training program. All re-
sults were compared on step 3.
Step 3 — Post-test. All initial tests were
repeated with participants of the Study
(n=340) and Control (n=124) groups again
in one month, and compared using the sta-
tistical and qualitative analysis (see in Re-
sults and Discussions below).
The hypothesis was that the negative as-
pects of Survival Roles expressed in stress
correlate with lower level of stress resil-
ience, and lower scores for reflex patterns
functionality.
It also was presupposed that the special-
ized MNRI® anti-stress training using the
concept of reflex integration can target the
neurophysiological aspect of the socio-per-
sonality development and improve all — the
reactivity of reflex patterns in stress, level
of stress resiliency and increase ‘freedom’
from Survival Role/s.
Research Methods
1. Modified Test of Survival Roles by
S. Wegsheider-Cruse (1981, 1989; projective
version by Dr. S. Masgutova) was used to
identify study participant’s Survival Role/s
by description anchored by specific symbolic
signs. The participant was choosing in de-
scriptive questionnaire the features similar to
in own personality and this way was identi-
fying the role that they present/play in stress
and frustrated state in every-day life or during
more intensive stress within six main Survival
145
Прикладные исследования и практика
Roles: “Fanatics”, “Enabler”, “Family Hero”,
“Scapegoat”, “Lost Child”, and “Mascot” (see
description in theoretical part).
2. The MNRI® NeuroReflex Assessment
by S. Masgutova (2004, 2010). In MNRI®
research (S.K. Masgutova, 2002—2007;
N.K. Akhmatova, S.K. Masgutova, 1989,
1994, 1998, 2004—2006), several criteria
were used to define reflexes according to
their role in protection or survival, motor
action complexity, and level of their neuro-
physiological circuit.
The MNRI Assessment has evaluated
the level of functioning of 30 reflexes (cod-
ed X1—X30 (S. Masgutova, N. Akhmato-
va, 2004, S. Masgutova, N. Akhmatova,
M. Kiselevsky, 2008; S. Masgutova, D. Mas-
gutov, 2015) of individuals in the Study
Group (n=124) twice: prior the MNRI®
therapy and after its completion.
Evaluation of the reflex patterns was
based on the neurophysiological definition
of the inborn reflex and its parameters such
as: sensory-motor coordination, direction of
the response, intensity (muscle tone regula-
tion), timing/dynamics of the response, sym-
metry (S. Masgutova, D. Masgutov, 2015).
Every parameter is tested according to four
determined features. For example, assess-
ment of the first parameter of ‘sensory-mo-
tor coordination’ (sensory stimulus and bio-
mechanical aspect of the motor response)
in the Hands Grasp Reflex tested the next
four features: 1) tactile stimulation on the
base of a closed palm in a more intense pro-
prioceptive way-deeper to activate palm
flexors, should trigger a stronger grasp re-
sponse, 2) all fingers are closed and thumb is
between index and middle fingers, 3) elbow
can be easily extended in front of the body
for 180 degrees, and shoulder for 90 or more
degrees (differentiation between elbow and
palm and shoulder is evident/in norm),
4) arm/palms are directed horizontally to
the ground (no abnormal abduction/adduc-
tion in the wrist joint). Every parameter has
its own four described features. Scoring of a
reflex pattern within the parameters above
were assigned on a scale of ‘0—4’, with ‘4’
indicating full display of all four features
in a parameter, and ‘0’ indicating that nor-
mal/correct responses or features in a cer-
tain parameter were absent. The maximum
score for 5 parameters and 4 features in each
reflex pattern gave a total of 20 points-the
highest level of maturity or integration
(Table 1). A summary of scores are: between
11 to 20 represent functional development,
and below 10 points (0—9)-dysfunctional
or abnormal development. The scores of 10
to 11.99 are marginal results between func-
tional and dysfunctional states of reflex pat-
terns. Scores of 16.99—17.99 represent the
norm (see Table 2).
Table 2: Clinical Evaluation: Reflex Assessment Scores Criteria (in points 0—20)
Points Level of reflex integration Points Level of reflex integration
20 Full/Complete integration 10—11.99 Marginal pathology and
dysfunction
18—19.99 Mature and integrated 8—9.99 Incorrect, light dysfunction
16—17.99 Correctly developed-normal 6—7.99 Dysfunction
14—15.99 Functional, but low level of development 4—5.99 Severe dysfunction
12—13.99 Functional, but very low level of
development
2—3.99 Pathology
10—11.99 Marginal pathology and dysfunction 0—1.99 Severe pathology
146
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
The scoring system has been validated
by statistical research carried out by math
Professor A. Krefft (Krefft, 2007), and also
the ANOVA test (IBM SPSS Statistics
Grad Pack 22.00); results were consid-
ered statistically significant with p values
(M ± SD) less than 0.001 and interpreted
as significant, and not significant at p>0.05.
Reflex patterns were further categorized
for convenience according to body move-
ment planes, with ten patterns in each,
corresponding to sagittal (medial-lateral),
horizontal (superior-inferior), and dorsal
(anterior-posterior) body movement planes
(S. Masgutova, D. Masgutov, 2015).
In more than 35 years of clinical observa-
tion of individuals with chronic and traumat-
ic stress, and PTSD, the authors have found
that they consistently exhibit hyper-reactive
reflex responses in stress that affect their be-
havior and emotions; they often show inabil-
ity to relax, report about overwhelming emo-
tions and internal pressure, inability to focus
and easily distracted, distressed. They also ex-
press the need for a specialized psychological-
neuro-functional assistance of their reactivity
to work with survival and Survival Roles.
People undergoing stressful events have
a weaker immune response, and their over-
loading stress hormones attack the brain
and neuroendocrine system.
3. The Stress-Resiliency Questionnaire
(by S. Masgutova, 2010—2017)
This questionnaire was designed to help
measure an individual’s stress resiliency ca-
pabilities.
The questionnaire results allow to
see the level of individual’s resilience to
stress when dealing with beyond everyday
stressor that is intense, more extreme and
severe. It proposes evaluation of 10 areas-
clusters of activities of an individual in
stress: 1) feelings and emotions, 2) sense
function, 3) movements and body responses,
4) physiological functions, 5) coping with
stress, 6) behavior, 7) cognitive functions,
8) relationships management, 9) approach to
future perspective, 10) work/school in times
of stress. This test contained also questions
of Self-actualizing characteristics (based on
A. Maslow’s concept — see above).
The questionnaire survey in this re-
search allowed for comparative analysis of
level of stress resiliency of business people
in Study Group before and after the use of
the MNRI® Program. The research was
proposing the professionals to repeat the
survey at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 month inter-
vals, so that they may monitor their stress
resiliency in longitudinal perspective. The
questionnaire was proposing the questions-
statements, like: “When stress is intense, I
go into a freeze response (Examples: “I be-
come immobilized” or “frozen with shock or
fear”)”, and ready given responses: “I don’t
know” (0 points), “Always” (1 point), “Usu-
ally” (2), “Seldom” (3), “Never” (4). The
scoring for one statement can get ‘4’ points.
Therefore, one cluster of 10 statements
can reach 40 points, and all test 400 points
(the highest level of stress resilience). De-
pending on individual features of living
through stress the scores determine the
level of resiliency defines as: 1) excellent/
very good level (360—400 points), 2) good
level (280—359), 3) moderate level/opti-
mum (120—279), 4) lower level (40—119),
5) poor level/high stress (0—39). Statisti-
cal analysis for comparison of results of pre-
and post-reflex integration training was
done using the ANOVA test (IBM SPSS
Statistics Grad Pack 22.00 and the Mann-
Whitney U-test, using Statistica (version
6.0; Stat So Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA); results
were considered statistically significant
with p values (M ± SD) less than 0.05 in-
terpreted as significant, and not significant
at p>0.05.
147
Прикладные исследования и практика
Results and Discussions
А. Socio-Individual Survival Roles
1) The initial research on Survival Roles
with Study Group of 464 business profession-
als (see Table 4 for data) demonstrated that
they do use Survival Roles to negotiate the
daily stresses they face. Particularly, a) 70,9%
of individuals (n=329) shown the presence of
Survival Roles in stress; b) 25,4% (n=118) —
didn’t shown presence of Survival Role — by
other words they were free of survival roles,
and c) 3,7% (n=17) didn’t give any definite
response (no stable Survival Role, not clear re-
sponses in test) (see Fig. 2 and Tab. 4).
Further analysis of Survival roles has
demonstrated the fact that: A) Survival Roles
in stress were presented rather proportion-
ally: in Study Group (n=340) by 71,8% of
individuals (n=244), and in Control Group
(n=124) by 70,2% (n=87); B) presence of
none of Survival Roleswas noted in Study
Groupfor 25,3% individuals (n=86), and in
Control Groupfor 24,2% (n=30); C) no defi-
nite response (no stable Survival Role, no
clear responses in test) was given in Study
Group by 2,9% individuals (n=10), and in
Control Group by 5,6% (n=7).
Next, business professonals were pro-
posed the informative descrition of Func-
tions of Survivial Roles, their function in
stress and every-day life, their strong and
poor traits, also the ways of making the
“Self” free of negative aspects of them. The
Study Group (340) was proposed also the
MNRI® Reflex Intergration training pro-
cedure of doing 8 exercises frommanual:
“Reflex Integration for Trauma Recovery:
MNRI® Stress Resilience Introductory Pro-
gram” by S. Masgutova, and D. Masgutov
(S. Masgutova, D. Masgutov, 2015).
The post-tests of the business profes-
sionals for their Survival Roles after this
training were showing the decrease of
percentage of them, thus improvement in
their survival. The results were as follows
(See Tab. 3):
The data in Tab. 4 and Fig. 3 dem-
onstrates the fact of decrease of number
of individuals presenting Survival Roles
and increase of the freedom from them in
Study Group (n=340) with high statistical
significance (P<0,05). There are no sig-
nificant changes in number of individuals
presenting Survival Roles in Control Group
(P>0,05). The positive dynamic of changes
Fig. 2. Survival Roles in stress in business professionals (n=464) with 3—10 years
of experience of work
148
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
in decrease of negatively affecting Survival
Roles after the MNRI® training program is
the evidence of the positive influence of the
MNRI® techniques on the stress resilience
and protective responses.
The individual Survival Roles are also
of a special interest. The participants were
presenting all of the six Survival Roles in dif-
ferent percentage proporsion (see Fig. 4).
They were presenting one to three Survival
Roles simultaneously.
When the specific Survival Roles were
further investigated it was found out
that 74,8% of businessmen (n=246 out of
329 presenting Survival Roles) were dem-
onstrating the features of a Family Hero
role. The least presented role by this group
of businessmen was the Lost Child (28,9%;
Table 3: Survival Roles presence in the business professionals (n=464) in Study (n=340)
and Control (n=124) groups
Survival Role
presence
Groups Both groups Study Group Control Group
Pre- and
post-test
Number % Number % Number %
464 100 340 73,3 124 26,7
ASurvival Roles Before 329 70,9 244 71,8 87 70,2
After 135 29,1 85 25,0 90 72,6
P<0,05 <0,05 >0,05
B No Survival Roles Before 118 25,4 86 25,3 30 24,2
After 316 68,1 246 72,4 29 23,4
P <0,05 <0,05 >0,05
C No Clear response Before 17 3,7 10 2,9 7 5,6
After 13 2,8 9 2,6 5 4,0
P<0,05 <0,05 >0,05
Fig. 3. Survival Roles in stress in business professionals (n=464) in Study (n=340)
and Control (n=124) groups in pre-test and post-test after one month of the MNRI® Reflex
Integration training
149
Прикладные исследования и практика
n=95) (see Fig. 2). The analysis of the spe-
cifics of individual Survival Roles can be a
separate topic for the next publication.
B. Stress Resiliency
Neuro-psychological aspect of stress re-
siliency was the target of this study, which
can be not presented in a person’s conscious-
ness hidden by Survival Roles and over-con-
trol over their emotions and reactivity. Par-
ticipants of this study presented the control
of behavior and emotions in stress in exter-
nal interaction on a very good level.
The initial research on stress resiliency
with a group of 464 business profession-
als (Study Group — n=340, and Control
Group — n=124;) demonstrated the fact of
their lower level of resistance against stress,
and particularly, was the following:
1) Excellent/very good level of stress
resilience (360—400 points) was character-
istic in:
— Study Group for only 15,3 % (n=52) of
business people,
— Control Group for only 12,9 % (n=16),
— Average in both groups for only 14,1%
(n=68);
2) Good level (280—359) — in:
— Study Group for 25,9 % (n=88),
— Control Group for 26,6% (n=33),
— Average in both groups for26,3%
(n=121);
3) Moderate/lower than good level
(120—279) — in:
— Study Group for 32,4 % individuals
(n=110),
— Control Group for 21,8% (n=27),
— Average in both groups for27,1%
(n=137);
4) low level (40—119) — in:
— Study Group for 26,4 % (n=90),
— Control Group for 38,7% (n=48)
— Average in both groups for32,6%
(n=138).
The data shows at the fact that the neu-
rophysiological aspect of stress resiliency in
the majority of business professionals was
lower initially than the optimum vs. the ex-
ternal control over stress that they demon-
strate in interaction with others. The post-
test results after the MNRI® anti-stress
training in Study Group (n=340) show that
the level of stress resiliency of participants
increased significantly (see text below and
Fig. 4. Different Survival roles presented by business professionals in stress (n=329)
150
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
Fig. 4), which as we suppose, allowed for
‘inner peace’ and more internal comfort.
The results of the Questionnaire before
and after using the MNRI® training pro-
gram demonstrated significant improve-
ment of stress resiliency in the Study Group
of professionals (n=340) compared to Con-
trol Group(n=124) based on data below (see
also Fig. 4 for Study Group).
1) Excellent/very good level of stress
resilience (360—400 points) was character-
istic in:
— Study Group for 15,3 % (n=52) of
business people in initial test, and 63,6%
(n=216) in post-test after the MNRI®
training program with statistical signifi-
cance of p<0,05;
— Control Group for 12,9 % of business
people (n=16) in initial test, and 14,5%
(n=18) in post-test with no any training
program with no statistical significance,
p>0,05;
2) Good level (280—359) — noted in:
— Study Group for25,9 % (n=88), in-
creased and became characteristic for 28,2
% (n=96) in post-test after the MNRI®
training with statistical significance of
p<0,05;
— Control Group for 26,6% (n=33) in
pre-test, and 24,2% (n=30) in post-test (no
training program) with no statistical sig-
nificance, p>0,05;
3) Moderate level/lower than good
(120—279) — noted in:
— Study Group for 32,4 % individu-
als (n=110) initially decreased and be-
came characteristic for 4,4 % of individuals
(n=15) in post-test with statistical signifi-
cance of p<0,05;
— Control Group for 21,8% (n=27) in
initial test, and 25,0% (n=31) in post-test
(no training program) with no statistical
significance, p>0,05;
4) Low level (40—119) observed in:
— Study Group for 26,4 % individuals
(n=90) in pre-test, and became characteris-
tic for 3,8 % (n=13) in post-test with statis-
tical significance of p<0,05;
— Control Group for 38,7% (n=48) ini-
tially, and 36,3% (n=45) in post-test with
no statistical significance, p>0,05.
The data shows at the fact that level of
stress resiliency in the majority of 464 busi-
ness professionals was lower than the op-
timum. The post-test results in the Study
Group after the MNRI® Reflex Integration
anti-stress training show that the ‘Excellent/
very good level’ of stress resiliency increased
in 63,6% of individuals from 15,3 in pre-test,
and the ‘Low level’(26,4% decreased to 3,8%)
and ‘Moderate/lower than good’ (32,4%
dropped to 4,4%) improving the stress re-
siliency significantly (p<0,05). Results of
pre- and post-test in Control Group where
the MNRI® training was not proposed is not
statistically significant (p>0,05) (see Fig. 5),
which means that there were no changes in
stress resilience and that specially oriented
work for changes is needed. Thus the impor-
tance of special neurophysiological-psycho-
logical assistance for work with protective
aspects of the socio-personality development
is evident.
С. Reflex Patterns Functioning
Reflex is designed by nature for sur-
vival mostly, but also for supplying the
neuroplasticity for development of execu-
tive brain functions. Stress affects the re-
flex patterns and can cause overprotective
behavior and non-productive interaction.
This study has lead the Reflex Assessment
for all 464 individuals from business area. It
allowed to get a two-folded data on partici-
pants’ reflex profile, and particularly:
1) specifics of the profile of 10 reflex
patterns that are affected by stress overall;
2) the dynamic of improvement of reflex
151
Прикладные исследования и практика
functions in individuals in Study Group
(n=340) after the use of the MNRI® Reflex
Integration training.
The results of the Assessment show that
the stress affects reflex patterns — the av-
erage score of functional state of reflexes
was 14.1 points (low level of functionality,
vs. norm of 16 points), and individual pat-
terns were scored as follows: Core Tendon
Guard — 12,7 points, Fear Paralysis- 12,2,
and Moro — 12,7, Spinal Galant — 13,4, Eye
tracking- 13,6, which were on a very low
level of functioning (12-13.99). Next group
of reflexes challenged by stress were the
Hands Supporting scored with 14,7 points,
Babinski — 14,6, and Foot Tendon Guard —
14,6, and the ATNR — 15,8, which were of
low functional level (14—15.99). Note, only
Hands Grasp had the scoring of 16,2 points
responding the norm (in range of 16—17.99
points). These reflexes must be in the atten-
tion span of psychologists and other helping
professionals as their poor functioning can
affect the ‘technical’ and neuro-physiolog-
ical aspect of personality growth, commu-
nication making the work of businessmen
much harder, less productive leading to
failures, and thus, poor Self-actualization.
Next data after the MNRI® Reflex In-
tegration training in the Study Group has
demonstrated the increase of overall score
for reflexes from 14.1 points (low level of
functionality) in pre-test to 16,9 (norm;
p<0,05) with corresponding improvement
of their specialized functions. The individ-
ual reflex patterns increased the scores as
follows:
1) Core Tendon Guard improved from
12,7 points to 16,8 after the MNRI® Pro-
gram, which known for improvement of the
HPA-stress-axis and stress hormones regu-
lation (H. Selye, 1974);
2) Fear Paralysis — from 12,2 points
to 16,4; regulating the intensity of feeling
Fig. 5. Level of stress resilience in the Study Group of business professionals (n=340)
before and after the MNRI® Reflex Integration training
152
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
of danger and fear, also ‘freezing’/inhibit-
ing from inappropriate action, and sensory
system;
3) Moro — from 12,7 to 16.5 points,
regulating the protection and ‘fight-flight’
responses;
4) Spinal Galant — from 13,4 to
16,7 points, allowing for horizontal move-
ment of body to escape the stress on spine,
also increasing sensitivity to detect a stress-
or timely, and regulating the stress hor-
mones (adrenaline, cortisol);
5) Eye tracking — from 13,6 to
16,4 points, detecting any motion in the
visual field to keep the ‘territory’ safe from
danger;
6) Hands Supporting — from 14,7 to
17,4 points, responsible for keeping body
safe in case of falling down, coordination of
vision and body responses;
7) Babinski — from 14,6 to 16,8 points,
increasing sensitivity to detect a stressor
timely, to regulate pain and decrease stress
hormones;
8) Foot Tendon Guard — from 14,6 to
17,2 points, helping to keep balance of the
whole body and decrease of stress hor-
mones; and 10) the ATNR — from 15,8 to
17,4 points, activating hearing to detect an
audial stressor, increase the attention and
memory.
The data shows that all reflex patterns
have improved significantly (p<0.05) af-
ter the MNRI® Reflex Integration train-
ing reaching the level of norm except the
Hands Grasp as it was closer to normal level
initially.
This data shows the possibilities of regu-
lation of stress level using the protective re-
flex patterns and release of stress as soon as
possible, to increase coping mechanism and
resilience of the nerve system against stress
for increase of the quality of “Self-actualiza-
tion”, life and work.
Fig. 6. Dynamic of changes in reflex patterns in the Study Group of business professionals (n=340)
before and after the MNRIÒ Program
153
Прикладные исследования и практика
D. Comparative analyses of all test re-
sults have demonstrated the fact that the
increase of stress was activating socio-indi-
vidual Survival Roles causing the reactivity in
behavior and emotions, also over-protection
and non-constructive interactions with oth-
ers, and limited business strategies. The re-
sults of this study has shown that 70,9 % of
business professionals (n=329) were address-
ing the defensive features of Survival Roles.
Many of them were presenting 2—3 role traits
simultaneously. 74,8% of them (n=226 out
of 329) demonstrating the features of a Fam-
ily Hero role, 63,2% (n=208) — a ‘Fanatic’
role, 61,4% (n=202) — ‘Enabler’, and 46,2%
(n=152) — ‘Scape Goat’; the least played role
was a Lost Child (28,9%; n=95) (see Fig. 3),
which means that their Survival Roles were
based on intense feeling of high responsibil-
ity for realization of goals, for others and suc-
cess with scarifying own needs in the name
of social community and business, and also
the desire to be first with strong competitive
features of trying hard to establish own “Self”
among others accompanied with the expec-
tation of high respect and appreciation from
others, and readiness to take the blame for
failures of others on own shoulders.
The study participants with these types
of Survival Roles were evidencing rather
high level of stress and lower resiliency to
it. The lower level of resilience was charac-
teristic for 32,6 % of individuals (n=138),
moderate level/lower than optimum — for
27,1 % (n=137) vs. excellent/very good lev-
el — for 14,1 % (n=68), which means that
their protective mechanisms were exceed-
ing the norm — were reasons for reactive re-
sponses, exhaustion and limiting their stra-
tegic thinking, and possibly, better business
decisions. Note, that the participants were
demonstrating high level of control of their
behavior and emotions in stress in external
communication. However, their neuro-
physiological aspect of stress resilience was
showing up high level of internal stress.
The correlation of the Survival Roles,
stress resilience was also done towards pro-
tective reflexes of the study participants.
They were demonstrating that 90% of their
reflexes — the physiological basis of in-
teraction in stress and survival — were in
stress — in the state that usually is resulting
in behavioral and emotional over-reactivi-
ty- impulsiveness, impatience, conflicting
character, shouting/screaming, not-forgiv-
ing, not attentive to others and their ideas,
notes and requests.
The MNRI® Reflex Integration train-
ing allowed revealing the fact that im-
provement of functions of reflex patterns in
participants of the Study Group (n=340) af-
fected positively the survival mechanisms,
decreased the negative effect of Survival
Roles, increased the stress resilience, and
thus was able to support their neurophysio-
logical and neuro-psychological aspects of a
personality growth and socio-interpersonal
activity optimizing their overall well-being
in variety of areas of life and business.
Summary
This research carried out with business
professionals (n=464) demonstrates the
fact that the increase of stress activates so-
cio-individual Survival Roles and protective
reflex patterns resulting in reactivity and
over-protection causing non-constructive
interactions with others and limited busi-
ness strategies, though their control over
their emotions and reactivity was presented
in external interaction as of a very good
level. The results of this study shown that
70,9% of business professionals (n=329)
were addressing the protective features of
the Survival Roles. 74,8% of them (n=226
154
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
out of 329) presented the features of a Fam-
ily Hero role, which means that their Sur-
vival Role was based on too intensive feel-
ing of responsibility for reaching the goals,
others, competitive features of trying hard
to establish own “Self” among others, also
expectation of high respect from others,
brining additional stress.
Neuro-psychological aspect of stress re-
siliency was the target of this study, which
can be not presented in our consciousness,
and hidden by Survival Roles 32,6 % of par-
ticipants (n=138) were presenting rather
low level of resilience in stress, 27,1 %
(n=137) — moderate level/lower than opti-
mum, and only 15,3 % (n=52) — excellent/
very good level, which can be interpreted as
the tendency for over-protective responses
needed for stress exceeding the normal
stress, thus cause shifting to Survival Roles,
exhaustion and limitation for strategic
thinking and business decisions.
The results of protective reflexes test
have demonstrated the fact, that 90% of
reflexes of participants in stress become af-
fected and shown the hyperactivity. This
data can mean that the physiological basis
of their personality and features of their in-
teraction in stress and survival were rooted
in their deep responses of the brain stem —
reflex patterns that are automatic and less
controlled consciously.
The MNRI® reflex integrative training
has revealed the fact that improvement of
functions of reflex patterns in Study Group
participants affected positively the survival
mechanisms, decreased the negative effect
of Survival Roles, increased their stress re-
silience, and thus was able to support their
neurophysiological and neuro-psychologi-
cal aspects of a personality growth and so-
cio-interpersonal activity optimizing their
overall well-being in variety of areas of life
and business.
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163
Прикладные исследования и практика
Использование ресурсов ролей выживания и схем защитных
механизмов в интерактивном тренинге MNRI®
(Reflex Integration) для оптимизации личностного развития
и межличностного взаимодействия
С.К. МАСГУТОВА*,
Образовательный Институт Нейро-Сенсо-Моторного и Двигательного
Равития Светланы Масгутовой, Орландо, Флорида, США,
masgutovas@msn.com
П. ШАКЛЕФОРД**,
Корпорация ПК Концепция, Мелроуз, Флорида, США, drpattypkc@gmail.com
Д.Р. МАСГУТОВ***,
Международный Институт Доктора Светланы Масгутовой, Варшава,
Польша, biuromasgu@com
Личностный рост — социально-психологическая проблема, представляющая
многокомпонентное явление, направленное на самоидентификацию, самореализа-
цию и т. д. В последнем десятилетии ученые начали исследовать также и факто-
ры, ограничивающие личностный рост, такие как стресс и пост-травма. Однако
роли выживания — социально-индивидуальные схемы, основанные на механизмах
нейрофизиологической и психологической защиты, подавляющие личностную само-
актуализацию, социальные взаимодействия и профессиональные деловые качества
личности, обсуждаются редко. Вместе с тем исследования, посвященные ролям вы-
живания, могут расширить концепции и инструменты терапии, ориентированные
на личностное развитие. В настоящем исследовании показана взаимосвязь между
ролями выживания, стрессовой резистентностью и схемами защитных рефлек-
сов (интегративных функциональных единиц нервной системы). Сравнительные
данные, полученные в исследовании на группе, в которую вошли 464 представи-
* Масгутова Светлана Кимовна — кандидат психологических наук, доцент, директор професси-
онального образования, лектор, Образовательный Институт Нейро-Сенсо-Моторного и Двига-
тельного Равития Светланы Масгутовой, Орландо, Флорида, США, masgutovas@msn.com
** Шаклефорд Патриция — кандидат психологических наук, научный руководитель, лектор,
Супервизор, Корпорация ПК Концепция, Мелроуз, Флорида, США, drpattypkc@gmail.com
*** Масгутов Денис Ринат — директор, лектор, Международный Институт Доктора Светланы
Масгутовой, Варшава, Польша, biuromasgu@com
Для цитаты:
Масгутова С.К., Шаклефорд П., Масгутов Д.Р. Использование ресурсов ролей выживания и схем защит-
ных механизмов в интерактивном тренинге MNRI® (Reflex Integration) для оптимизации личностно-
го развития и межличностного взаимодействия // Социальная психология и общество. 2017. Т. 8. № 4.
С. 134—164. doi:10.17759/sps.20170804010
164
Социальная психология и общество. 2017 г. Том 8. № 4
теля бизнеса высокого ранга (экспериментальная группа — n=340, контрольная
группа — n=124), показали, что 70,9% из них (n=329) в стрессовых условиях ак-
тивируют свои социально-индивидуальные роли выживания, а также защитные
схемы рефлексов, повышающие реактивность, чрезмерные защитные механизмы,
неконструктивное взаимодействие с другими и лимитирующие бизнес-стратегии.
Интерактивный тренинг MNRI® (Reflex Integration), использованный в исследо-
вании, показал, что улучшение функций защитных схем рефлексов положительно
влияет на механизмы выживания: повышает устойчивость к стрессу, снижает
отрицательный эффект ролей выживания. MNRI® предлагает новую парадигму
в области личностного роста и межличностного взаимодействия, направленную на
поддержку определенных нейрофизиологических механизмов в целях оптимизации
общего качества жизни человека в различных ее областях, включая бизнес.
Ключевые слова: социально-психологическое развитие, самоактуализация,
личностный рост, устойчивость к стрессу, роли выживания, защитные рефлексы,
MNRI® — Masgutova NeuroReflex — диагностика и трениниг.
