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The role of perceived benefits in formation of online shopping attitude among women shoppers in India
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of perceived benefits, namely, price, convenience and product variety in formation of online shopping attitude. The paper also studies the impact of online shopping attitude on online shopping Intentions by the application of the theory of reasoned action
Design/methodology/approach
A self-administered and structured online survey was conducted targeting female online shoppers of four metropolitan cities of India. A sample of 508 online shoppers was considered in the online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the research constructs, validity and composite reliability. Structural Equation Modeling and path analysis was also used to examine the hypothesized relationships of the research model
Findings
The authors of the paper reveals that price benefit, convenience benefit and product variety benefit has a significant positive impact on online shopping attitude and there is a considerable positive relationship between online shopping attitude and online shopping intention among women in India. Product variety was found to be the most important perceived benefit for Indian women.
Research limitations/implications
The research sample included only women shoppers who indulge in online shopping. Future research is encouraged to emphasize on other groups and gender to identify with their online shopping attitudes. Another important limitation of the study is consequent from the geographical perspective of the present study; that is India. The findings are not necessarily applicable to the rest of the world. Therefore, reproduction of the current study in diverse countries would probably support and confirm its findings. Also, the present study is cross-sectional which does not demonstrate how attitudes of online shoppers may alter over time. The authors of the current study encourage future research to apply a longitudinal design to the study to understand the transforms in consumers’ attitudes towards online shopping over time. Finally, this study explained a general phenomena, thus future research can be directed towards particular websites which may present different results.
Practical implications
The study supports the significance of perceived benefits (price, convenience and variety) as keys drivers of attitudes toward online shopping among women in India Marketers should distinguish the way they indulge their customers based on their perceived benefits of online shopping. In developing countries like India, where consumers, especially women, are generally depicted as risk averse, online shopping attitude plays an important role in the success of e-tailers. Certainly, if online shopping would not attach meaningful value and benefits to consumers, they would have negative attitude towards the same. Additionally, the empirical research study demonstrates variety to be the most important benefit for Indian women, ecommerce retailers should focus on maximizing the same to enhance online purchase intention among women customers. Women empowerment being the agenda in India currently, online retailers’ managers can benefit from such conclusions for targeting this huge untapped market and for future e-marketing policies
Originality/value
This research paper is one of the very few endeavors that investigated online shopping attitudes in India. Prominently, it exposed the role of perceived benefits in online shopping attitude in India. Price is one of the most critical factor concerning Indian shoppers which is a part of the present study. National and international e-tailers preparing to develop and expand their operations to India have now important empirical verification concerned with the determinants of online shopping attitudes and behavior in India which shall aid in marketing strategy development and implementation.
... Researchers discovered a crucial link between user awareness and the acceptance and usage of technology. Additionally, Arora & Aggarwal, (2018) identified that user awareness can be influenced by factors such as media coverage, word-of-mouth, and personal experience with the technology. Davis (1989)studied the idea of perceived usefulness has been linked to technological uptake and use. ...
... Knowledge and experience in robot operation also play a crucial role. (Arora & Aggarwal (2018) discovered that individuals who have practical experience and theoretical understanding of robotic technology exhibit a higher inclination towards learning and utilizing it. Financial Inclusion via Digital Technology (FID) utilizes mobile banking and e-wallets to provide financial services to underprivileged populations. ...
Purpose: This research focuses on to identify the role of Fintech in digital economy and financial inclusion in India. The descriptive and exploratory research design were used in the study to frame out the structured questionnaire to collect the primary responses from rural areas of different cities of Delhi-NCR and UP West. There were total 530 responses finalized for the analysis purpose. The higher order structural equation modelling was performed to test the hypotheses and validate the measurement model. The findings of the research explain the mediating role of fintech in digital economy and financial inclusion. The mediating effect of fintech and total effect of each variable on other variable were found significant. This study concludes the role of technology in finance is required and significant in order to enhance the financial inclusion in the country. Policy makers and industrialist can make the policies to upliftment of Fintech for the exponential growth of digital economy on financial inclusion. This study is helpful to make various decisions for financial industry and helps in growing the technology and digital economy in the country.
... The capacity to investigate and contrast a wide array of merchandise on the internet accommodates the varied requirements of consumers and enhances the purchasing encounter as whole. Many studies have demonstrated that an expanded range of products has a favorable impact on consumer purchasing choices (Arora & Aggarwal, 2018;Le Tan, Hieu, Van & Hung, 2021). In order to cultivate customer loyalty and understand the impact of product variety on online purchasing intentions and behavior, it is critical for businesses to comprehend how consumers navigate digital marketplace. ...
... The consumer behavior devotes the considerable attention to examining the correlation between attitudes and intentions toward online purchasing and a variety of determinants, including price, product variety, and convenience benefits. Product variety is the primary perceived benefit that Indian women consider to be the most influential in shaping their attitude towards online purchasing (Arora & Aggarwal, 2018). This highlights the significance of the diverse array of products in order to appeal to female consumers in the Indian competitive market. ...
The purpose of this research is to investigate essential aspects influencing consumers' intention to shop online, with particular focus on Convenience, Product Variety, and Trust. This study is conducted to quantify the impact of these variables on customer behavior in context of e-commerce and to determine relative relevance in influencing the online purchasing decisions. Using a quantitative approach, the study examined correlations between factors and online buying intention using Pearson Correlation & regression analyses. The findings demonstrated that Convenience, Product Variety, and Trust all had a substantial impact upon consumers' propensity to shop online. Convenience & product variety both revealed as highly influential characteristics, with the substantial correlations and regression coefficients demonstrating their significant influence upon online purchasing behavior. These findings have significant consequences for the e-commerce companies and policymakers. Thus, improving the convenience & range of products available online is expected to enhance consumer participation in online buying. The results offered significant clues to future researchers to conduce further studies.
... Moreover, Al-Debei, Akroush, and Ashouri (2015) found that perceived benefits and trust determine attitude. Arora and Aggarwal (2018) found that perceived benefits strongly influence attitude, which in turn affects intention. Based on these arguments, this study proposes the following hypothesis: ...
... In this way, their association with non-PhD faculty can positively develop their attitude toward research. These results are consistent with the existing literature (Al-Debei et al., 2015;Arora & Aggarwal, 2018;Bervell & Umar, 2017), which shows that the attitudes of the non-PhD faculty at business schools are diverted toward research by observing their PhD qualified colleagues in research activities (observational learning), the way the authorities recognize them for their research work (perceived behavior control), and the positive impact of these activities on their work performance (outcome expectancy factor). ...
Business schools face several challenges to keep business education relevant in a rapidly growing global environment. To overcome these challenges, business schools should hire or develop faculty with exceptional teaching abilities and high-quality research skills. This study examined the impact of business school culture on non-PhD permanent faculty in developing a research attitude that leads them to enroll in a PhD program. Through a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected using the proportionate method of stratified technique and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that business school culture significantly predicts research attitudes. Business schools that nurture a collaborative research culture are more likely to develop non-PhD faculty attitudes toward research. The development of this attitude helps business schools increase enrolment in PhD programs and thereby contribute to producing PhDs with high-quality research skills. The study recommends that business schools should develop a research-oriented culture that motivates non-PhD faculty to participate in research activities. In addition, research contributions should be rewarded and also acknowledged as a part of the faculty's annual performance evaluation process. This study contributes to the existing knowledge surrounding the social cognitive theory within business school culture.
... A result of the rise of online consumption are changes in the constitution of the shopping value of consumers, that is to say, the goods but also the experience and service consumers expect (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018;Kumar and Reinartz, 2016;Parker and Weber, 2013). With e-commerce, shopping value is no longer limited to the context of purchasing goods, but is also dependent on the successful and convenient delivery of online purchases. ...
... pricing) to convince consumers to also switch to click and collect options. Second, although price is universally recognized as the main differentiator in online purchase decisions, the timeliness of delivery also constitutes an important part of the online shopping value (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018). Logistics companies compete with fast delivery times and the offer of instant deliveries and returns (Janjevic and Winkenbach, 2020;Kang, 2020). ...
The current retail landscape is the outcome of heterogeneous consumer preferences. Fun shopping, which refers to the leisure aspect of retailing, is usually enjoyed in his- torical urban central places. Out-of-town strip malls or ribbon developments accom- modate run shoppers who focus on efficiency and rationality. Sofa shoppers do not need physical outlets but rely on logistics services from warehouses (Verhetsel et al., 2022). From consumer and retailer perspectives, the pandemic served as a catalyst for e-commerce in different countries (Beckers et al., 2021; Roggeveen & Sethuraman, 2020). The past two years thus have had a massive impact on shopping-related travel behavior, retail accessibility, land use, and, as a result, local policymaking. After drawing the retail landscape before March 2020, we provide in this chapter an overview of the changing shopping behavior and mobility of consumers as a result of the pandemic. In the third section, we zoom in on logistics and transportation changes from the retailer’s perspective. We conclude on the impact of the pandemic on retail accessibility by confronting the new consumer behavior with the latest retail provision, drawing lessons for policymakers in the fields of planning, mobility, and transportation for logistics.
... Thus, online engagement refers to consumer willingness to exchange electronically [6]. Online engagement may constitute selling and purchasing products and services over a computer network strategy designed to order and receive [9]. Similarly, online engagement is the form that enables the consumer to purchase products through the internet [86]. ...
... Research also shows that a male consumer has more edge in making an online engagement decision than a female consumer [17]. In contrast, price, convenience and product variety benefits significantly affect women's online engagement [9]. In another study, time-saving, available varieties of products and services for males and females both have the same type of behaviour towards liking and disliking factors [94]. ...
The purpose of this paper was to contribute to the dimension of online consumer engagement in the emerging markets. The study is based on the social presence theory factors. The study evaluated 443 data sets obtained through a standardized Qualtrics online survey to examine social presence theory to predict online consumer engagement in the emerging markets. The study employed AMOS v24 with the covariance-based structural equation modelling technique to investigate the relationship between social context, online communication, interactivity, privacy and online consumer engagement. The study also assessed social gratification as a mediator in the relationship between online communication and online consumer engagement. Furthermore, the study evaluated technology gratification as a moderator of interaction effect in the relationship between online communication and online consumer engagement. The study results showed that the effect of social context was not significant. In contrast, online communication, interactivity and privacy’s effects on online consumer engagement were significant. The social gratification as a mediator and technology gratification as a moderator were significant towards online consumer engagement. This paper is pioneering in that it generates the effects of social presence theory factors and some intervening variables in the context of online consumer engagement in the emerging markets at the micro-level. This area is relevant to scholars, marketing and brand practitioners in digital consumer social behaviour.
... Although not specific to social media shopping, recent studies highlight several key factors influencing online shopping behaviour among Nepali consumers. Arora and Aggarwal (2018) emphasize the significance of product variety, particularly for women shoppers, in driving online shopping preferences. The availability of a wide range of products online addresses diverse consumer needs and preferences, enhancing the attractiveness of online platforms over traditional offline stores. ...
This research examines how social media influences college students in terms of their social media shopping behaviour, preferences, and decision-making processes. Through a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 54 college students, data were collected and analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation to uncover patterns and correlations between social media usage and online shopping behaviour. The findings highlight significant insights into the role of social media shopping platforms in shaping (consumer attitudes, purchase intentions, and behaviour) in the online shopping domain. Ultimately, this research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the transformative influence of social media shopping on the online behavior of today's college students. The study also highlights the key indicators that majorly affect the consumer behavior and shopping attitude especially the college students and the transition of shopping pattern from physical shopping to digital shopping. Through the study, one can be aware of the popularity of social media platforms for shopping purposes among college students.
... In a study conducted by Arora and Aggarwal [12], they explored the influence of perceived benefits on the development of attitudes toward online shopping among female shoppers in India. The study's findings indicated that perceived benefits, encompassing aspects such as price advantages, convenience benefits, and the availability of diverse products, hold a notably positive impact on the formation of attitudes favorable to online shopping. ...
... Factors including perceived usefulness, perceived variety, and perceived ease of use and product attributes are customer perceived benefits obtained from shopping online (Ijaz & Rhee, 2018;Aldhmour & Sarayrah, 2016;Chang et al., 2005). Perceived benefits were also found to have a positive impact on consumer attitude to shop online (Triandewo & Sagy, 2021;Arora & Aggarwal, 2018;Xu et al., 2015). Several studies also found a relationship between attitude and intention to use (Ijaz & Rhee, 2018;Zhou et al., 2007;Davis et al., 1989). ...
The study focused on ascertaining the correlation between the study variables. That is; to examine the relationship between perceived benefits and behavioral intentions to shop online, to find out the relationship between social factors and behavioral intentions to shop online, to determine the relationship between trust and behavioral intentions to shop online, IT innovation and consumer's behavioral intentions towards online shopping. The study also examined the predictive effect of the independent variables on the consumer's behavioral intentions towards online shopping. A cross-sectional design was employed using purposive and snowball sampling techniques in selecting participants from the four regions that make up Uganda. An online survey was conducted using the questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The collected data was later analyzed using a copyright-licensed SPSS tool version 22. Correlation, factor analysis and regression analysis were the statistical methods used to achieve the study objectives. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant positive association between perceived benefits, social factors, trust and IT innovation and consumers' behavioral intentions towards online shopping. The regression results proved that while other factors that are not part of this study account for 51.1%, a combination of study variables contributes a prediction of 48.9% to consumer's behavioral intentions for online shopping. Therefore, implementing the study findings would help attract additional customers to shop online which will lead to solving community challenges such as delayed deliveries and crowding which will result in the realization of e-commerce growth in Uganda.
... Perceived benefits refer to the belief in the positive consequences of a specific action (Copeland & Bhaduri, 2019;Arora & Aggarwal, 2018). For consumers, perceived benefits directly affect their purchasing decisions and purchasing behaviors (Evelina, 2022). ...
In light of the escalating environmental pollution and the pressing issue of climate change attributed to vehicle emissions, a growing number of electric vehicle companies have emerged in China. Despite various study endeavors focusing on consumers' purchase intention for electric vehicles, there remains a significant gap when it comes to exploring the purchase intentions specifically related to Chinese brand electric vehicles. This study seeks to bridge this gap by examining the relationship between brand image, perceived benefits, attitude, and the purchase intention of potential consumers in the context of Chinese brand electric vehicles. The study was conducted through the distribution of questionnaires, both in offline stores specializing in Chinese brand electric vehicles and online via WenJuanXing, a survey platform. To ensure the data collected is reflective of the target audience, a purposive sampling technique was employed, gathering 187 valid questionnaires from individuals between the ages of 18 and 70 who have a genuine interest in electric vehicles and intend to make a purchase in the near future. The gathered data was analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS. This study's results prove that brand image, encompassing functional, symbolic, and experiential aspects, plays a crucial role in shaping consumers' perceived benefits and attitude, thereby significantly positively influencing their purchase intention. This study holds immense significance for car sellers and industry stakeholders. By unraveling the dynamics of brand image, perceived benefits, and consumer attitude toward Chinese brand electric vehicles, the findings provide essential insights to empower companies to align their strategies, thereby significantly motivating potential consumers to make their purchase intention a reality. Ultimately, this study contributes to the growing field of electric vehicles, particularly within the unique context of the Chinese market.
... Researchers link convenience to customer satisfaction and loyalty [28]. This research will study convenience as a factor because online consumers seek convenience more than offline shoppers [44,45]. Also, convenience is a significant benefit of e-commerce development [32]. ...
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of e-service quality on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediator in the small and medium-sized business sector in Nigeria. The dimensions investigated in this study are reliability, web design, trust, empathy, convenience, and cultural inclusion. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, there has not been any research done on this subject investigating the above dimensions among Nigerian SMEs across various cultural groups. Therefore, this study fills this gap by investigating the impact of culture, web design, trust, empathy, convenience, and reliability on SMEs. A questionnaire was used for the purpose of the study to collect primary data. Four hundred and ninety-two responses were obtained from the respondents, who were age 20 and above. The survey was carried out online across the four major poles of Nigeria (east, west, north, and south) because of their varying and distinct cultural background. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 28, Smart PLS 4 and AMOS 29 for descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling to test the research model. The results showed that the service quality dimensions have a positive significant impact on customer satisfaction and also show that customer loyalty is positively impacted by customer satisfaction.
... These continuous trends in online shopping present massive market potential. It may be credited to the fact that online shopping allows consumers to easily locate, compare, and buy the products Arora & Aggarwal, 2018). However, only 18% of the world's shopping is currently occurring over the ecommerce platform, while the rest 82% follow traditional shopping. ...
Previously, studies reported inconclusive findings while analyzing the influence of factors affecting online purchase intention. Also, most studies were conducted in the context of developed countries, limiting us to a specific context. Hence, for comprehensive understanding, this study aims at examining the factors affecting the online purchase intention in the e-commerce industry of Jordan. The survey was conducted to collect data from university students in Jordan. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. Findings show that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control are positively associated with online purchase intention. However, perceived risks are negatively associated with online purchase intention. Although all factors are significantly related to online purchase intention, the attitude has a greater influence. This study adds value to the theory of planned behavior and consumer behavior by examining attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and perceived risks as important predictors of online purchase intention. Besides, this study suggests that online retailers must keep their commitments, promises, and customers’ interests in mind while developing e-commerce strategies.
... We also visited many places where women work. We applied convenience sampling to reach participants (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018). This method is simple, low-cost, and best practice for online and offline research (Etikan et al., 2016). ...
Purpose
Women's empowerment plays a pivotal role in achieving sustainable and sustainable development in developed and developing contexts. The present paper explores the effect of technology orientation (TO), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and digital technology self-efficacy (DTSE) on digital innovation (DI) and women's empowerment (WE) among Saudi women.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a cross-sectional study which applies a deductive approach. The study collected data from women in Saudi Arabia actively involved in entrepreneurship and utilizing digital technology. The survey questionnaire is used as a prevalent tool to get responses. Finally, the study concludes based on 316 valid samples.
Findings
The structural equation modeling through SmartPls4, the results exert an insignificant effect of TO on both DI and women empowerment. The study confirmed a positive significant impact of EO on DI but not on WE. Moreover, the DTSE construct is found to be a significant and robust analyst of DI and WE. With regard to mediating effects, DI mediates the relationship between EO, DTSE and WE, but not between TO and WE.
Practical implications
The study's findings contribute to more comprehensive and effective initiatives that foster innovation, gender equality, and WE in entrepreneurial networks. The study would assist policymakers and planners in developing robust strategies focusing on digitalization to boost DI and WE through enhanced DTSE. The study would also offer guidelines for policymakers to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) generally and specifically for Saudi Vision 2030, which is particularly ambitious to promote WE.
Originality/value
The study fills the gaps by offering a bunch of predictors, i.e., TO, EO, DTSE and DI, which predict WE in the Saudi context.
... We sent emails to a small group of respondents with links to an online survey and to the universities' WhatsApp groups and Facebook pages that dealt with information and communications technology. Throughout the data collection process, convenience sampling was applied as the best technique for online and offline surveys as it considered the availability and accessibility of university employee respondents (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018). ...
Purpose
Talent management research today is increasing as organizational requirements attempt to meet the challenges of effectively managing talent to achieve organizations’ strategic agendas. However, in learning organizations specifically, investigations of talent management practices are limited, with this study exploring the role of talent management practices in employee satisfaction and organizational performance in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in various universities (public and private) in Pakistan using a quantitative approach. Cross-sectional data are collected through a questionnaire, with analysis and conclusions based on completed questionnaires from 403 respondents.
Findings
The study’s findings from the analysis by structural equation modeling (SEM) emphasize the positive and significant effects of most talent management practices (i.e. talent identification, talent development, talent culture and talent retention) on employee satisfaction and organizational performance (talent attraction is the exception). Employee satisfaction positively and significantly affects organizational performance and is found to have a mediating effect, bridging the relationships of most talent management practices (talent identification, talent development, talent culture and talent retention) with organizational performance.
Practical implications
The study’s findings support human resource professionals, academics and policymakers in managing talent practices to enhance organizational performance. The findings assist in developing core skills and talent-related competencies to achieve organizational goals and success.
Originality/value
The study fills the research gaps by developing a framework of talent management practices for employee satisfaction and organizational performance in learning organizations, which warrants further consideration.
... The theory of reasoned action (TRA), developed by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), has been applied in various studies to determine consumers' attitude and online shopping behaviour, and has been proven to be a reliable theoretical basis (Arora & Aggarwal, 2018;Bhusene, 2018;Tandon et al, 2018). The TRA posits that the behaviour of an individual is an outcome of a behavioural intention, and that a behavioural intention is dictated by an individual's attitude and subjective norms towards a behaviour (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975). ...
Engagement in online shopping by specific emerging-market consumers in South Africa is on the rise. Nevertheless, the online usage rate remains low. Online retailers need to understand the perceived risk factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and intention in relation to online shopping for clothing products. To that end, an online survey was conducted among emerging-market consumers in Soweto, with 300 respondents being targeted and reached. Convenience sampling was adopted to collect data from the respondents. An independent research company collected data, and various statistical analyses were conducted. The findings revealed that perceived financial, convenience and security risks significantly influenced emerging-market consumers’ attitude towards online shopping. None of the perceived risks were found to influence consumers’ intention to shop online. The perceived financial, convenience and security risks were found to be mediated by attitude. The findings are significant for e-commerce merchants seeking to develop targeted online marketing strategies for emerging-market consumers.
... Doing so provides in-depth insights into the causal relationship between marketing efforts and their success. Such endeavors open new horizons into the complex yet fascinating domain of the decision-making process (Arora & Aggarwal, 2018). It is with this thought that the study explores the domain of customers' purchase intentions. ...
It is crucial to develop an understanding of the factors of customer purchase intention. It is also imperative to study these factors in the context of online purchasing. The reason its dissemination among consumers. Therefore, the present study developed a theoretical model and test by exploring the attributes of website experience such as information quality, security and service, and website credibility and its effect on online purchase intention in the presence of perceived risk as a moderator. The study opted quantitative method through survey application. PLS methodology was adopted to evaluate the measurement and structural model. The study adds knowledge to the literature through the support of empirical shreds of evidence in the context of Pakistan's retail sector. The indication of findings points out the meaningful association among constructs that maximize the profitability of the online retail service sector if addressed carefully and may also create greater competition for online retailers. The study also showcases Implications, limitations, and future recommendations that were also canvassed at the end of the paper.
... The perceived benefits, defined as the perception of positive outcomes resulting from a specific behavior, are considered crucial factors influencing individual behavior and decision-making (Gellman and Turner, 2013). The Theory of Planned Behavior posits that the positive or negative evaluation of a specific action is the primary determinant of their behavior (Ajzen, 1991), and perceived benefits form the foundation of this evaluation (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018). In the principles of management, high perceived benefits are often viewed as strong behavioral motivators (Carpenter et al., 2010). ...
Introduction
Perceived benefits are considered one of the significant factors affecting an individual’s decision-making process. Our study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of perceived benefits in the decision-making process of unsafe behaviors.
Methods
Our study used the “One Stimulus-Two Key Choice (S-K1/K2)” paradigm to conduct an EEG experiment. Participants (N = 18) made decisions in risky scenarios under high perceived benefits (HPB), low perceived benefits (LPB), and control conditions (CC). Time domain analysis and time-frequency analysis were applied to the recorded EEG data to extract ERPs (event-related potentials) and EROs (event-related oscillations), which include the P3 component, theta oscillations, alpha oscillations, and beta oscillations.
Results
Under the HPB condition, the theta power in the central (p = 0.016*) and occipital regions (p = 0.006**) was significantly decreased compared to the CC. Similarly, the alpha power in the frontal (p = 0.022*), central (p = 0.037*), and occipital regions (p = 0.014*) was significantly reduced compared to the CC. Under the LPB condition, theta power in the frontal (p = 0.026*), central (p = 0.028*), and occipital regions (p = 0.010*) was significantly reduced compared to the CC. Conversely, alpha power in the frontal (p = 0.009**), central (p = 0.012*), and occipital regions (p = 0.040*) was significantly increased compared to the HPB condition.
Discussion
The high perceived benefits may reduce individuals’ internal attention and evoke individuals’ positive emotions and motivation, leading individuals to underestimate risks. Consequently, they exhibited a greater inclination toward unsafe behaviors. However, the low perceived benefits may reduce individuals’ memory review, resulting in a simple decision-making process, and they are more inclined to make fast decisions to avoid loss. The research results can help to provide targeted intervention measures, which are beneficial to reducing workers’ unsafe behaviors.
... In addition, Pham et al.(2018) found that convenience directly influences consumers' repurchasing intentions. The results of the present study concur with the findings reported in previous studies conducted which found that online shopping convenience and online shopping intention are significantly related (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018;Jiang et al., 2013;Yeo et al., 2017). ...
The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of perceived online shopping convenience in the relationship between consumers’ fear of COVID-19 and online shopping intention. The data were collected from 732 consumers via an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and mediation analyses were performed to analyze the data. The results showed that the fear of COVID-19 was significantly correlated with perceived online shopping convenience and online shopping intention. The results also showed that fear of COVID-19 had a direct significant effect on online shopping convenience (β = .30 [Se = .03, 95% CI = (0.22, 0.35)]) and online shopping intention (β = .16 [Se= .03, 95% CI = (.09, .22)]). Mediation analysis showed that online shopping convenience mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and online shopping intention (β = .16 [Se = .03, 95% CI = (0.10, 0.22)]). Results confirmed the positive association between the fear of COVID-19, online shopping convenience, and online shopping intention. In addition, the results showed that both the fear of COVID-19 and online shopping convenience have a direct effect on online shopping intention. Furthermore, the mediating role of online shopping convenience provides insight into how a psychological variable indirectly affects consumers’ purchasing behavior.
... The researchers used both paper and online surveys. In consideration of the existence and accessibility of the HEIs' respondents, we employed convenience sampling (non-probability sampling approach) since this is the recommended practice for online and offline questionnaires (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018). The researchers visited seventeen Pakistani universities which the US News and World Report, a Washington-based ranking guide, named among the best global universities for 2022 (see Table 1) (Hayder, 2022). ...
Purpose
In the digital age, the development of students’ career intentions requires serious concentration since these are associated with the students’ future employment and, ultimately, their survival. This study attempted to demonstrate in Pakistan’s Higher Educational Institutes ( HEIs ) the role of soft skills towards the students' career development ( CD ) and their future career intentions ( CI ).
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the researchers used a quantitative approach and a questionnaire to collect the data from the surveyed participants. Finally, the researchers based this study’s findings on 392 useable samples.
Findings
By employing the structural equation model ( SEM ), this study’s findings show that soft skills, such as Creative Self-Efficacy ( CSE ), Problem-Solving Confidence ( PSC ) and Teamwork ( TW ) have a positive and significant effect on CD and CI . However, while Critical thinking and Creativity ( CRC ) has a positive and significant effect on CD , it has no effect on CI . In addition, this study’s findings confirm, also, that CD has a positive and significant effect on CI .
Practical implications
This study’s findings assist policymakers and university administrators to understand the importance of soft skills in creating CD and CI . These promote the development of employability skills and fulfill its part in preparing graduates for the unpredictable job market. This study’s findings help, also, to develop logical reasoning in making decisions and in dealing with complex organizational issues.
Originality/value
In a practical way, in Pakistan, this study’s findings confirm the role of soft skills towards students' CD and CI .
... Las actitudes se establecen por los juicios de la conciencia cognitiva, la conciencia explícita se refiere a los conocimientos y deseos del individuo con relación a los objetos; contrariamente la actitud implícita son evaluaciones activadas por los gustos o disgustos subjetivos sobre los objetos (Dai et al., 2019). Por lo tanto, en las compras online la actitud se refiere a la predisposición de un comportamiento favorable o desfavorable sobre dónde el individuo actúa y que a su vez da fuerza a la intención de compra respecto a las consecuencias percibidas de la realización de esta conducta (Arora y Aggarwal , 2018). Por esta razón, se define la siguiente hipótesis: ...
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento del consumidor centennial con respecto a la intención de compra de ropa o accesorios a través de redes sociales (RRSS) en la ciudad de Machala. Para ello, se aplicará la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB) y el modelo de aceptación tecnológica (TAM). El resultado de esta investigación contribuye a entender los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores y ofrece posibles estrategias para promover la intención de compra por medio de RRSS. La metodología tiene un enfoque exploratorio y cuantitativo. Para el análisis empírico se ha utilizado un cuestionario que ha sido aplicado a un muestreo de conveniencia de 100 personas y el análisis de resultados ha sido desarrollado con la técnica de las ecuaciones estructurales (PLS-SEM). Los resultados obtenidos confirman que los factores clave identificados influían en la aprobación de las hipótesis planteadas en esta investigación, evidenciando que los componentes de la adaptabilidad influyen de manera positiva sobre la intención de compra de ropa y accesorios.
... The researchers used a questionnaire to collect, through personal visits and online, empirical data from the managers of 86 of Pakistan's manufacturing companies in Pakistan. The researchers applied convenience sampling as it was the optimum method for online and offline surveys (Arora and Aggarwal, 2018). The researchers visited manufacturing companies throughout Pakistan and emailed a select group of managers and links to the online questionnaire to WhatsApp groups and Facebook sites. ...
Purpose
This study aims to explore sustainable development and business success (BS) through decision-making (DM) in Pakistan’s circular economy.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a co-relational study in which the researchers used cross-sectional data collected from the managers of Pakistan’s manufacturing industries. Accordingly, the authors based this study’s findings on 373 valid samples.
Findings
This study’s structural equation modeling results reveal that DM has a positive and significant effect on sustainable development, which comprises competitiveness, business performance enhancement, flexibility, customer satisfaction and technology development. Moreover, DM positively and significantly affects BS.
Practical implications
This study’s findings support sustainable development, strengthen the socioeconomic conditions and bring about the industries’ well-being through DM. In addition, these findings demonstrate the need for the circular economy to tackle industrial challenges and simultaneously open up economic and environmental growth opportunities for society.
Originality/value
This study offers the original contribution from a circular economy perspective; there needs to be more empirical evidence among managers of manufacturing industries. Besides, this study provides DM’s role in achieving sustainable development in the presence of BS, which has disappeared in an integrated way, particularly in a circular context.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat beli untuk pakaian olahraga premium yang menjalankan kewirausahaan belanja online. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pelanggan di PT A yang menjual pakaian olahraga premium. Sampel yang diperoleh adalah 100 responden menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ulasan konsumen memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap niat beli. Keaslian produk memiliki efek positif terhadap niat beli. Antarmuka pengguna memiliki efek positif terhadap niat beli. Pengiriman memiliki efek positif terhadap niat beli. Ulasan pelanggan, keaslian produk, antarmuka pengguna, dan pengiriman memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap niat beli.
Non-prescription drugs are drugs that can be purchased without a doctor's prescription, which can be obtained at pharmacies, drug stores, or even on e-commerce. In the digitalization era of the 21st century, technological progress is increasingly rapid, where all aspects of human life are now dependent on the function of each type of technology. In the digitalization era of the 21st century, technological progress is increasingly rapid, where all aspects of human life are now dependent on the function of each type of technology. Traditional marketing activities are being innovated in the digital era to become digital marketing using social media influencers. This research aims to see the influence of SMI Characteristics and Brand Congruence on Purchasing Behavior which is mediated by Attitude Toward Brand and Social Influence. This research was carried out using an explanatory approach method which was processed from 180 respondents with SmartPLS software. The technique used was purposive sampling with the criteria that respondents saw promotional content from social media influencers from multivitamin product. The results of this research showed a significant influence between SMI Characteristics on Social Influence. Then there is a significant influence between Social Influence on Purchasing Behavior.
The research investigates the factors influencing online shopping intentions among Thai and Chinese consumers, utilizing data from 400 participants (200 from each country). Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study focuses on understanding how perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and trust impact online purchasing attitudes and intentions. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) serves as the theoretical foundation, assessing how these variables correlate with consumers' willingness to shop online. Key findings highlight that Thai consumers show a higher willingness to engage in online shopping than their Chinese counterparts, largely driven by perceived benefits such as convenience, price advantages, and trust in online platforms. The research further examines the role of perceived risk, noting its influence on consumer attitudes, particularly regarding product delivery reliability and trust in vendor platforms. A critical comparison of online shopping habits between the two countries reveals that Thai consumers are more responsive to marketing strategies like promotions and ease of access, while Chinese consumers prioritize trust and risk mitigation. The study concludes by emphasizing the growing role of digital infrastructure in shaping consumer behavior, particularly in the post-COVID era, where e-commerce has become increasingly prominent. The results suggest that improving trust and reducing perceived risks could enhance online shopping participation in both countries. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of consumer behavior in digital markets and offer strategic insights for businesses seeking to expand their e-commerce operations in Southeast Asia. The study highlights the importance of adapting marketing strategies to meet the unique preferences of each consumer group, thereby improving online sales.
Purpose
Currently, innovation performance (IP) and innovation quality (IQ) are essential intertwined constructs that help small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) thrive in a competitive business environment and achieve long-term success and sustainability. This paper aims to examine the effect of top management knowledge values (TMKVs), knowledge-oriented culture (KOC) and rewards on IP and IQ through knowledge sharing.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a deductive cross-sectional data approach and a standardized questionnaire adopted from the literature to obtain responses from the employees of Egyptian manufacturing SMEs. The authors based this study’s findings on 316 usable samples by applying the purposive sampling technique.
Findings
Using structural equation modeling (SEM) with path analysis using SmartPLS4, the findings of this study demonstrate that TMKV positively affects IP but not IQ. On the one hand, the KOC and knowledge-sharing process (KSP) are positive enablers of IP and IQ. On the other hand, knowledge-based reward (KBR) has an insignificant effect on IP and IQ. Moreover, while KSP mediates TMKV’s and KOC’s connections with IP and IQ, it does not mediate KBR’s relationship with IP and IQ.
Practical implications
This study’s findings will help policymakers and planners create strategies through knowledge management to improve employees’ vision, commitment and dedication, culminating in a favourable impact on IP and IQ. These findings highlight the need to foster a knowledge-based culture that promotes communication networks, establishes trust and enables individuals to make decisions to enhance organizational success, IP and IQ.
Originality/value
In the case of a developing country, this study helps to fill the gaps by offering an integrated framework that simultaneously explores knowledge management enablers, IP and IQ.
Purpose
Knowledge hiding has become a great challenge for organizations. Therefore, this study aims to understand how humble leadership affects knowledge hiding. Specifically, this study aims to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy between humble leadership and knowledge-hiding and the moderating role of negative workplace gossip between humble leadership and self-efficacy.
Design/methodology/approach
As 63% of Pakistani employees are involved in knowledge-hiding, data were collected from 329 employees working in various organizations on a convenience basis using a questionnaire-based survey. Considering the potential problem of common method bias, the data were collected on two separate occasions. This study applied structural equation modeling for the analysis using AMOS software.
Findings
This study noted that when working with humble leaders, employees are less inclined to conceal their knowledge, and this relationship is mediated by self-efficacy. In addition, this study noted that individuals high in perceived negative gossip exhibit low self-efficacy even in the presence of humble leadership.
Research limitations/implications
Cross-sectional time-lagged data of the study may restrict causality. Nevertheless, the findings contribute to the social learning theory by offering a more intricate comprehension of how knowledge-hiding can be tackled in the workplace. Further, this study suggests that humble leadership can be an effective strategy to overcome negative workplace behaviors.
Originality/value
Extending the existing literature on knowledge-hiding and drawing upon social learning theory, this study highlighted the role of humble leadership. The study not only reveals self-efficacy as a mediating mechanism between humble leadership and knowledge-hiding but also explores how negative gossip serves as a boundary condition to harm self-efficacy in the presence of humble leadership.
This study examines the influence of discount vouchers and perceived benefits on consumer decisions to use the GrabFood online food ordering application in Semarang, Indonesia. The research seeks to analyze how these factors interact to shape user behavior, offering insights for optimizing marketing strategies in the competitive food delivery sector. Using a quantitative approach and Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) for data analysis, the study collected responses from 130 GrabFood users in Semarang. The findings indicate that both discount vouchers and perceived benefits significantly impact consumers’ decisions to adopt GrabFood. Discount vouchers not only directly enhance perceived financial savings but also strengthen users’ perceptions of the overall value of the service, thereby encouraging app usage. Additionally, perceived benefits, such as convenience and service quality, mediate the relationship between discount vouchers and user decisions. These results underscore the importance of strategic pricing and effective value communication in driving user engagement and retention within the food delivery industry
Purpose
In today’s era, a country’s economy and society are continuously improved by entrepreneurship that utilizes digital technology. The current study, conducted among university students in Pakistan, examines the roles of digital aspects in moving toward digital innovation ( DI ) and digital entrepreneurship ( DE ).
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on quantitative and cross-sectional data. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain responses from respondents recruited through the convenience sampling technique.
Findings
The results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis suggest significant effects of technology orientation ( TO ), entrepreneurial orientation ( EO ), and DI on DE . The impact of DI on DE is also significant. On the other hand, digital technology self-efficacy ( DTSE ) is not found to be a significant predictor of DI and DE . Moreover, DI is found to be a significant mediator, which mediates the relationships of TO and EO with DE . On the contrary, DI did not mediate the significant relationship between DTSE and DE .
Practical implications
The study’s findings would benefit policymakers and planners in developing policies to encourage the usage of digital technologies to provide solutions in entrepreneurship. The findings also support promoting DE to tackle business challenges and achieve organizational and academic goals.
Originality/value
The study emphasizes the roles of digital technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship in a developing context.
GİRİŞ Dijital kanalları kullanan tüketiciler işletmeler tarafından geliştirilen çeşitli pazarlama ve satış uygulamalarına maruz kalırlar. Çapraz satış (cross-selling) bu uygulamalardan biridir. Geleneksel alışverişin yanı sıra online alışveriş platformlarında da oldukça sık olarak rastlanan çapraz satış uygulamaları işletmelerin kar marjlarını arttırmalarına önemli katkıda bulunur. Örnek (2016), çapraz satışı işletmelerin müşterilerin satın aldıkları ürünün yanında tamamlayıcı bir ürünü daha onlara tavsiye ederek satışlarını artırmalarına yarayan bir satış tekniği olarak tanımlarken, Altun (2016, 21), benzer şekilde işletmelerin aynı müşteriye yeni bir ürün veya hizmet satma işlemi olarak tanımlamaktadır. Çapraz satın alma (cross-buying) ise, müşterinin ürün veya hizmet sağlayıcıdan ana ürünü satın alırken yanında ek ürün ve/veya hizmet satın alması anlamına gelmektedir (Kumar vd., 2008, 16; Verhoef vd., 2001, 360). Çapraz satın alma, tüketicinin esas satın almak istediği ürünü incelerken/alırken kendisine önerilen ya da gözüne çarpan ve dikkatini çeken-asıl ürünle ilintili veya değil-başka bir ürünü satın alma eylemidir. E-çapraz satın alma (e-cross buying) davranışı ise bu eylemin dijital kanallardan yapılan alışverişler için geçerli olan versiyonudur. Tüketiciler online mecralarda alışveriş esnasında hedefledikleri bir ürünü satın alırken/incelerken, tıpkı offline-geleneksel mağazalarda olduğu gibi, çeşitli satış tavsiyeleri ile karşılaşır. "Bu ürünü alanlar şunlara da baktılar, tavsiye edilen ürünler, şunları da beğenebilirsiniz, benzer ürünler, ihtiyacınız olabilecek diğer ürünler, sizin için önerilenler, ilgili ürünler, çoğunlukla şununla beraber satıldı, bunlar da ilginizi çekebilir" gibi satış uygulamaları bu tavsiyelere örnek olarak gösterilebilir (Aslan, 2019, 37). Cep telefonu satın almakta ÖZET Çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilerin e-çapraz satın alma davranışını, algıladıkları fayda, fiyat avantajı, impulsif ve panik satın alma eğilimleri ve deneyim alanı açısından incelemektir. Bu inceleme, Covid-19 pandemisi öncesini yansıtan genel dönem ve pandemi süreci şeklinde bir ayrımda kurgulanan çeşitli modeller aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma tekniklerinden anket yöntemi kullanılmış, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle 417 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Pandemi öncesi dönemde sergilenen genel e-çapraz satın alma davranışını, algılanan fiyat avantajı ve impulsif satın almanın açıkladığı; pandemi döneminde ise bu değişkenlerle birlikte panik satın almanın da e-çapraz satın alma davranışı üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Deneyimin yer aldığı modellerde ise açıklayıcılık oldukça yükselmiş, ancak modellerin işleyiş mekanizması önemli ölçüde değişmiştir. Bulgular sonuç bölümünde uygulamacılar ve izleyen araştırmalar açısından tartışılarak açıklanmıştır. ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to examine e-cross-buying behavior of consumers in terms of their perceived benefit, perceived price advantage, impulsive and panic buying tendencies, and experience. This examination was conducted using various models structured to distinguish between the general period before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic. In the study, the survey method, a quantitative research technique, was employed, and data from 417 participants obtained through convenience sampling were analyzed. During the pre-pandemic period, perceived price advantage and impulsive buying explained general e-cross buying behavior, while during the pandemic, panic buying, along with these variables, also influenced the behavior. In the model that included experience, the explanatory power significantly increased; however, the functioning mechanism of the models changed considerably. The findings were discussed and explained in the conclusion section concerning practical implications and future research.
This research addresses the crucial relationship between cultural factors and consumer behavior in the dynamic landscape of E-Commerce, specifically focusing on online shopping preferences, satisfaction levels, and predictive roles in adoption and usage. The study reveals a significant association between individualism-collectivism and online shopping preferences in Coimbatore, emphasizing the impact of cultural dimensions. Two-Way ANOVA results show significant variations in e-commerce satisfaction levels across different cultural backgrounds, while regression analysis challenges the hypothesis, indicating the predictive significance of cultural factors in adoption. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights for businesses navigating diverse global markets in the realm of E-Commerce. INTRODUCTION In the rapidly evolving realm of e-commerce, understanding the intricate interplay between cultural factors and consumer behavior is paramount for businesses aiming to thrive in a globalized marketplace. This study embarks on an exploration of the impact of cultural dimensions on consumer behaviors within the context of e-commerce, recognizing the diverse influences that shape individuals' decisions and preferences across different cultural backgrounds.As consumers increasingly engage in online transactions, the role of culture in influencing their behaviors becomes a critical area of investigation. Cultural factors, encompassing dimensions such as individualism-collectivism, communication styles, and societal values, are anticipated to play a pivotal role in shaping how individuals navigate and engage with e-commerce platforms. This research seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by conducting a cross-cultural analysis, aiming to uncover patterns, variations, and nuances in consumer behaviors across diverse cultural contexts. The study's significance lies in its potential to provide valuable insights for businesses operating in the e-commerce space, helping them tailor their strategies to accommodate and appeal to the diverse cultural preferences of their target audience. By adopting a cross-cultural lens, this research not only acknowledges the global nature of e-commerce but also recognizes the importance of cultural factors in influencing consumer decisions. The introductory section sets the stage for the exploration, highlighting the contextual relevance of understanding cultural influences on consumer behavior in e-commerce. It outlines the research objectives, emphasizing the need for a nuanced cross-cultural analysis to unravel the multifaceted dynamics at play in the digital marketplace.
Background and Objectives: Purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived ease and perceived usefulness of buying online with the mediating role of online perceived value on online purchase behavior among customers of online bookstores and digital libraries.
Methodology: The statistical population of research includes customers of online bookstores and digital libraries in Iran who had at least one experience of buying books online (physical and digital books). This research is a quantitative and hypothetical-inferential study. In this research, random sampling and questionnaire were used. The structural equation modeling method was used to investigate the relationships between the variables, and SPSS24 and Amos24 software were used.
Findings: The results of this study showed that the direct effects of ease, usefulness and perceived online value on the online shopping behavior of customers of online bookstores and digital libraries are significant. Finally, mediating role of online perceived value among variables of ease, usefulness and online purchase behavior of book customers was significant and considerable.
Discussion: This study shows that perceived ease and perceived usefulness of online shopping are two key factors in predicting online shopping behavior and among, online perceived value is an important factor to better identify this effect in the online behavior of customers of online bookstores and digital libraries. Therefore, in addition to presenting a new model, this study helps to increase the literature of consumer behavior in the context of digital library services and book online sales and has provided practical suggestions in this theme.
Due to the change of times, amazing revolutionary changes have taken place in today's era. One of these is the Internet, due to which Marshall McLuhan's phrase in which he said that the world is a global village became meaningful. While defining 'World is Global Village', he had said that people will be connected with each other through some technology instead of meeting physically, which can receive and send information, like in today's time, social media. It is doing. No area of the world has remained untouched by the influence of online media. Today, daily essential items of human life are being bought and sold online. Every basic need of daily life can be demanded from anywhere and at any time while sitting at home. The traditional shopping, which has been going on since ancient times, where the buyer used to inspect and buy the goods himself or with the help of an associate, is changing at a rapid pace in the changing era. All the products available from shops to big malls are being purchased through web sites or apps. No one would have ever dreamed that a customer would be able to buy goods manufactured abroad directly after viewing them online, but all this became possible due to the technological revolution.
The e-commerce industry in Malaysia has been growing rapidly, leading to a significant increase in online purchasing options available on popular social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, Tik Tok and Twitter. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the psychological factors that influence consumers' online shopping behaviours. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify and analyse the factors that impact customers' intention to make online purchases. This study used a convenience sampling method of surveys via online platform to choose a sample of 100 online shoppers based in Melaka. Moreover, this study analyses three specific factors that impact customers' online shopping behaviours, which are perceived benefits, perceived risks and psychological factors. The findings revealed that online shopping by millennials and Gen Zs yielded great product variety satisfaction. The perceived benefits of online shopping provide significant motivations for customers and contribute to fostering a favourable disposition towards online shopping. The psychological factors, which include attitudes, motives, perceptions, emotions, and previous experiences, have a significantly role in determining the behaviour of customers who purchase online. The research will provide recommendations for businesses and policymakers to enhance consumers' online purchasing experiences in Melaka.
Purpose
This paper focuses on the last-mile logistics (LML) operations in fulfilling online grocery orders and the related sustainability considerations in sparsely populated areas like Australia. It aims to examine how online groceries in sparsely populated areas can benefit from online business. Specifically, this study seeks to investigate whether a centralized order fulfillment approach is better than the existing approach which fulfills online orders from local grocery stores.
Design/methodology/approach
A multi-method approach is employed to conduct a high level of cost and emission analysis between the existing and the proposed approaches to illustrate the ratios between the two approaches in terms of cost and carbon emissions. Mathematical models are developed with support from the literature. The model is empirically validated with a case study of grocery distribution in the city of Gold Coast, Australia.
Findings
It finds that the centralized order fulfillment approach in sparsely populated areas can achieve LML sustainability with low cost, high efficiency and less double handling. Meanwhile, the separation of in-store and online retailing processes improves the in-store shopping experience and online shopping visibility, jointly improves customer satisfaction, and consequently achieves a positive effect on long-term sustainability. Additionally, the possibility of automating order picking and dispatching at a central place can make the processes more efficient and help build more sustainable grocery retailing supply chains by using more environmentally friendly systems.
Originality/value
This paper offers analytical and empirical insights into the sustainability of multi-channel grocery retailing supply chains. The high-level model developed first incorporates the concept of online shopping adoption rates and can serve as a decision-making tool for practitioners to improve supply chain sustainability in LML.
This study aims to analyze the hedonic influence and trust in online purchase intention with attitude as an intervening variable. The sample used 212 respondents who are Muslim consumers in Indonesia and have made a purchase online at shopee. The method of testing data through online questionnaires was carried out on 17 November - 6 December 2020. The analysis technique used SEM-PLS 3 (structural equation model-partial least square. The results found that the hedonic and attitudes have a positive and significant toward online purchase intention, whereas there is no influence on the direct relationship between hedonic and online purchase intention. Further, there is a positive and significant influence between trust and attitude. As well as the direct influence test between attitude and online purchase intention also has a positive and significant effect. This research is expected to contribute to online sellers in the market to find out online purchase intentions for consumers, as well as become an insight for Muslim consumers to differentiate between their needs and desires in consuming according to Islamic teachings.
This study attempts to examine the role of health consciousness and Covid-19 protocol on attitude towards online shopping followed by its effect on purchase intention. The framework of the study is derived from TPB theory. Data for the study are collected from the online shoppers during the Covid-19 outbreak. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to test the relationship and to predict shopping behaviour. The results report that health consciousness and Covid-19 protocol have shown significant and positive effect on attitude towards online shopping. Further, attitude and Covid-19 are found the predictor of behaviour intention to purchase online. However, health consciousness has shown insignificant effect on behaviour intention. The outcome of the study may help retailers to understand consumer shopping behaviour and the changes occurred during Covid-19 outbreak. Findings may help retailers to rationalize their resources as per the change in customer preference.
Sosyal Dışlanma Sorununa Sosyal Pazarlama Perspekti̇fi̇nden Bi̇r Bakış Mustafa HATİPLER Nilgün KÖKSALAN Etki̇li̇ ve Başarili Ulus Marka Yaratma Süreci Elif AKAGÜN ERGİN Dönüştürücü Tüketi̇ci̇ Araştırması Handan ÖZDEMİR Fi̇nansal ve Pazarlama Halkla İli̇şki̇ler İrfan ERTEKİN Çi̇ftli̇k Bank Dolandırıcılığı ve İleti̇şi̇msel Boyutu Ömer Faruk ÖZGÜR Ev Kadınlarının Tüketi̇ci̇ Hakları Konusunda Bi̇lgi̇ veBi̇li̇nç Düzeyleri̇ ile Tüketi̇m Davranışlarının Beli̇rlenmesi̇ne Yöneli̇k Bi̇r Araştırma: Konya Meram İlçesi Örneği Gülden Gök Kobi̇’lerde Pazarlama Tabanli Strateji̇k İşbi̇rli̇kleri İ. Kahraman ARSLAN Gençlerin Tüketim Davranışlarında Sosyal Medyadan Etkilenişleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama Yeşim KUBAR Gülşen CANSEVER Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Sosyal Medyadan Algılanan Faydanın Tüketi̇ci̇ Satın Alma Davranışına Etkisi Vesile ÖZÇİFÇİ Afet Loji̇sti̇ği̇ ve Organi̇zasyon Önerisi Gülsen Serap ÇEKEROL Tüketi̇ci̇ Tarafindan Algılanan Değeri̇n Zi̇nci̇r Market Performansı Üzeri̇ne Etkisi Alper ATEŞ
There has been a tremendous growth in the number of people opting for online purchases in recent years especially among the tech savvy millennials not just in tier 1 city by also in tier 2 and 3 cities of Karnataka, Reasons for such a massive growth can be a result of several benefits offered by online shopping such as convenience, time-saving, reduces time and cost of travelling and avoiding traffic chaos in metro cities and so on. Also, we can observe from previous studies that online shopping is widely preferred by females when compared to males in India and also male millennials are reluctant to opt for online purchases (Chaudhary et al.2022). Thus, there exists a need to find out the factors affecting digital purchase intent among male millennials with regard to online fashion Purchases. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument, assess the issues and challenges faced by male millennials and mediating effect of e-satisfaction and e-experience.
Online shopping has been experiencing continuous growth over the past few decades, a trend that was further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no expectation that this trend will slow down in the near future. The goal of this paper is to investigate specific factors, which could affect purchasing decisions on the Internet. We created two models, tested and compared them applying logistic regression on the sample of 1318 adults. Model 1 was designed to test the importance of other customers’ reviews by purchasing decisions. Model 2 tested the financial/non-financial benefits of online shopping. In model 1, we identified these statistically significant predictors related to social characteristics 1. Gender, 2. Study at university, 3. Identification with statement, 4. Purchase on electronic marketplaces, and with functionality: 5. The most trust-inspiring e-shop function, 6. Comparison of similar products from different sellers before purchasing. These factors explain, according to Nagelkerke R, 0.196 variability. In the second model for the social characteristics were: 1. Type of settlement, and for functionality: 2. Preferred payment option, and they explain 0.0341 variability of the dependent variable.
Understanding the influence factors on online purchasing behavior from a Malaysian consumer perspective is crucial for businesses and marketers aiming to thrive in the digital marketplace. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence online purchasing behavior among Malaysian consumers. It gives detailed insights into how the factors affect consumer behavior. The questionnaire was adopted in accordance with previous research, and data were collected using a survey method. Approximately 560 respondents’ data were collected through convenience sampling, with the criteria of being Malaysian, above 18 years old, and having used an e-commerce platform at least once. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses were conducted, and the findings showed that attitude, psychology, product price, privacy, perceived benefits, and accessibility were significant factors in online purchase behavior. Meanwhile, perceived risk was found to be significant but negatively affects online purchase behavior. The results revealed that online consumers’ purchase behavior is not influenced by trust and security, hedonic motivation, emotional and promotional factors. However, the findings should be further explored by delving deeper into specific factors and exploring emerging trends, such as social commerce or live stream, to be more generalizable. This is the first study to measure the eleven influencing factors on online purchasing behavior comprehensively.
People's perception of online shopping grows day by day and becomes an essential part of the urban lifestyle. This study attempts to measure Nepalese consumers' online shopping attitudes and purchasing intention to this phase witnessing the social media moderation. The analysis uses a quantitative research-based descriptive and causal research design. To gather responses from sample respondents, structured questionnaires were used, and surveys were carried out. Two hundred cross-section data was gathered. For checking the psychometric and econometric components of the suggested causal model, partial least square structural equation modeling was used. Trust is important factor for purchase intention in online platform. The same case, product variety and country of origin did not support for purchase intention in online mode. Attitude successfully mediates product variety, country of origin and trust to online purchase intention. Moderated mediation is not possible for social media with attitude to online purchase intention. This research has led to the development of online marketing strategies for online shoppers in the virtual community.
Purpose
This study delves into the complex realm of consumer behavior by exploring the impact of distinct shopping motives, encompassing status, value and gratification, on store satisfaction within the domain of organic food retail. Moreover, it seeks to decipher the influence of perceptual disparities between male and female patrons on the intricate nexus between shopping experience and consumer loyalty within organic food stores.
Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive dataset comprising responses from 400 participants was gathered and subjected to confirmatory analysis and structural equation modeling. These analytical tools were employed to dissect the data, validate the underlying research framework and unveil critical insights.
Findings
The empirical analysis, facilitated by structural equation modeling, substantiates that organic food stores prioritize the organic attribute, primarily centered on healthiness, often to the detriment of broader conceptual and social aspects. This validates the interplay between shopping experience dimensions, customer contentment, loyalty and the intent to revisit. Gender, as a moderator, exerts a discernible influence on these relationships, highlighting distinct shopping behaviors among male and female consumers when gauging the influence of shopping experience dimensions within organic food retail establishments.
Practical implications
The implications of this research resonate deeply within the organic food retail landscape. The insights garnered provide valuable guidance to organic food retailers aiming to enhance their store ambiance and allure, thereby fostering sustained customer satisfaction. This, in turn, augments the propensity for customer loyalty and repeat patronage, a particularly pressing concern in today's fiercely competitive retail milieu. Furthermore, the study carries significant ramifications for organic food producers and governmental entities, outlining a framework for augmenting the value proposition of organic foods in alignment with customer experiential paradigms.
Originality/value
In a milieu characterized by the emergence of novel product categories and industry entrants, the study fills a critical void by investigating customer satisfaction within the broader retail food sector, with specific focus on organic food stores. Moreover, the research embarks on a pioneering exploration of the prospective trajectory of organic food stores in the Indian context, employing a marketing lens and grounded in the theory of needs satisfaction.
The development of the internet and the post-Covid epidemic have greatly boosted e-commerce. Retailers need to constantly improve their services to meet the enormous demand for online purchases while planning for an appropriate quantity and variety of groceries for the clients. The study investigates how Noida (India) residents’ e-grocery shopping is impacted by convenience, service quality, and social aspects. The study uses the snowball sampling technique (sample size: 220) to collect parameters using a Likert scale, and then evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that service quality has the greatest influence on e-grocery shopping habit, followed by convenience, while social component has no significant impact. The service quality also includes the need for regular updation of the website and application to enhance the experience of the web-user interface by exploring the need for data science and artificial intelligence.
The growth of technology and easy access to the internet have led to an unparalleled boom in online booking. The uncertainty surrounding online travel purchases, however, still makes traveller's decision-making process very stressful. Hence, this study aims to identify and classify different factors that drive travellers' decision-making and actual behaviour. This study seeks to fill the void by systematically reviewing and synthesizing the online travel literature. The study utilizes the fuzzy-DEMATEL approach to identify, classify and analyse various factors to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding sets of factors driving travellers' decisions and their actual behaviour. The findings reveal that travellers' online travel purchasing behaviour is influenced most by their attitude, while social influence also emerged as a significant factor. This study provides key insights for academics, researchers and practitioners by identifying major factors and sub-factors, along with their causal interactions. This study is novel in its approach as it significantly contributes to existing knowledge by synthesizing the literature and employing the fuzzy-DEMATEL technique in categorizing the key factors that influence travellers' decision-making and actual purchase.
Bu çalışmada tüketicilerin mobil uygulamalar üzerinden ürün satın alma
niyetleri üzerinde Algılanan Fayda, Algılanan Kullanım Kolaylığı, Sübjektif
Norm, Güven ve Tutum faktörlerinin etkili olup olmadığı incelenmek istenmiştir.
Çalışmada ayrıca Algılanan Fayda, Algılanan Kullanım Kolaylığı, Sübjektif
Norm ve Güven faktörlerinin tüketicilerin mobil perakendeciliğe yönelik
tutumlarına etkisine de bakılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 1-31 Mayıs 2023
tarihlerinde online anket metoduyla, 18 yaşından büyük 489 kişiden veriler
toplanmıştır. Toplanan verilere Smartpls programıyla ilk olarak Faktör Analizi
yapılmış ve kullanılan ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği ortaya konmuştur. Daha
sonra araştırma modeli Yol Analizi test edilmiş; Algılanan Fayda, Algılanan
Kullanım Kolaylığı, Sübjektif Norm ve Güven faktörlerinin Tutum ve Satın Alma
Niyeti üzerinde doğrudan ve dolaylı etkilerine bakılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara
göre Algılanan Fayda ve Sübjektif Normun Satın Alma Niyeti üzerinde ve yine
Sübjektif Normun Tutum üzerinde herhangi bir anlamlı etkisi yoktur. Ancak
diğer yolların tamamı anlamlı bulunmuştur. Buna göre Algılanan Fayda, Tutumu
yaklaşık %50 ve pozitif etkilemektedir. Algılanan Kullanım Kolaylığı, Tutumu
yaklaşık %28 ve pozitif etkilemektedir. Güven, Tutumu yaklaşık %19 ve pozitif
etkilemektedir. Yine Algılanan Kullanım Kolaylığı, Satın Alma Niyetini yaklaşık
%29 ve pozitif etkilemektedir. Güven, Satın Alma Niyetini yaklaşık %31 ve
pozitif etkilemektedir. Son olarak Tutum değişkeni ise Satın Alma Niyetini %27
ve pozitif etkilemektedir. Tüm faktörler ise Satın Alma Niyetini toplu olarak
yaklaşık %71 ve pozitif bir şekilde etki etmektedir.
An increasing number of e-commerce sites offering products globally have created a highly competitive marketplace across various market segments. E-retailers look to update their sites regularly to facilitate consumer decision-making. This article examines consumers’ motivational factors when shopping online and their association with online shopping sites offering different product lines delineating one online shopping site from another. Significant online shopping motivational factors identified through the literature review such as ease of navigation and website content, personalized services, discounts/promotional offers, range of products, familiarity with an e-store, reviews on-site, cancellation and returns policy, product quality and logistics were mapped with a few popular e-commerce sites in India offering different product lines, using correspondence analysis. Findings suggest consumers give more importance to quality, ease of navigation and website content, and personalized services when shopping at e-commerce platforms offering limited product lines like grocery/apparel. In contrast, good reviews, good logistics, clear order cancellations and return policy are more important when shopping at e-commerce sites providing an extensive product line. Such information can assist e-retailers in improvising their services to gain customer satisfaction and differentiate their website from others.
The marketing success of online shopping festivals (OSFs) has captured the attention of consumers. However, research on the effects of perceived benefits during OSFs is scarce. This study examines the effects of five perceived benefits on affective commitment to and advocacy for Vietnamese OSFs. Data were collected from young Vietnamese consumers (n = 245) through an online survey company. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and reliability analysis. AMOS 22.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis. The results show that high levels of price, product, recreational, and social benefits increase affective commitment, thus increasing consumers’ advocacy intentions for OSFs. Generational differences are also examined. Interestingly, the convenience benefit of OSFs is a positive factor that increases affective commitment only for Millennials. The recreational and social benefits of OSFs are determinants of affective commitment across generations. The findings enrich the literature on OSF participation in Southeast Asia.
Understanding factors that influence online shopping and managing consumer relationships is not a trivial task for firms, considering the many pertinent factors that influence behavior, including the product being shopped (i.e., the what) and the context of the website itself (i.e., the where). This study investigates the impact of these characteristics on an online transaction’s basket value, after incorporating the role of other aspects of the browsing process including page views and visit duration. The authors estimate a multivariate mixed-effects Type II Tobit model with a system of equations to explain variation in shopping basket value, using data involving 773,262 browsing sessions resulting in 9664 transactions across 43 product categories from 385 unique websites. Results support the assertions that contextual factors are associated with online browsing. For example, a website’s scope in terms of product variety is associated positively with visit durations and basket values but negatively with page views. Furthermore, a website’s communication functionality is positively associated with basket value for hedonic products. Insights suggest managerial implications concerning product and website strategies for online retailers.
A problem with standard errors estimated by many structural equation modeling programs is described. In such programs, a parameter's standard error is sensitive to how the model is identified (i.e., how scale is set). Alternative but equivalent ways to identify a model may yield different standard errors, and hence different Z tests for a parameter, even though the identifications produce the same overall model fit. This lack of invariance due to model identification creates the possibility that different analysts may reach different conclusions about a parameter's significance level even though they test equivalent models on the same data. The authors suggest that parameters be tested for statistical significance through the likelihood ratio test, which is invariant to the identification choice.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine an integrated model of factors affecting attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. The paper introduces an integrated model of the roles of perceived website reputation, relative advantage, perceived website image, and trust that affect attitudes toward online shopping.
Design/methodology/approach
– A structured and self-administered online survey was employed targeting online shoppers of a reputable online retailer in Jordan; MarkaVIP. A sample of 273 of online shoppers was involved in the online survey. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the research constructs, unidimensionality, validity, and composite reliability (CR). Structural path model analysis was also used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses.
Findings
– The empirical findings of this study indicate that perceived website reputation, relative advantage, perceived website image, and trust have directly and indirectly affected consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Online consumers’ shopping attitudes are mainly affected by perceived relative advantage and trust. Trust is a product of relative advantage and that the later is a function of perceived website reputation. Relative advantage and perceived website reputation are key predictors of perceived website image. Perceived website image was found to be a direct predictor of trust. Also, the authors found that 26 percent of variation in online shopping attitudes was directly caused by relative advantage, trust, and perceived website image.
Research limitations/implications
– The research examined online consumers’ attitudes toward one website only therefore the generalizability of the research finding is limited to the local Jordanian website; MarkaVIP. Future research is encouraged to conduct comparative studies between local websites and international ones, e.g., Amazon and e-bay in order to shed lights on consumers’ attitudes toward both websites. The findings are limited to online shoppers in Jordan. A fruitful area of research is to conduct a comparative analysis between online and offline attitudes toward online shopping behavior. Also, replications of the current study’s model in different countries would most likely strengthen and validate its findings. The design of the study is quantitative using an online survey to measure online consumers’ attitudes through a cross-sectional design. Future research is encouraged to use qualitative research design and methodology to provide a deeper understanding of consumers’ attitudes and behaviors toward online and offline shopping in Jordan and elsewhere.
Practical implications
– The paper supports the importance of perceived website reputation, relative advantage, trust, and perceived web image as keys drivers of attitudes toward online shopping. It further underlines the importance of relative advantage and trust as major contributors to building positive attitudes toward online shopping. In developing countries (e.g. Jordan) where individuals are generally described as risk averse, the level of trust is critical in determining the attitude of individuals toward online shopping. Moreover and given the modest economic situation in Jordan, relative advantage is another significant factor affecting consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Indeed, if online shopping would not add a significant value and benefits to consumers, they would have negative attitude toward this technology. This is at the heart of marketing theory and relationship marketing practice. Further, relative advantage is a key predictor of both perceived website image and trust and the later is a major driver of attitudes toward online shopping. Online retailers’ executives and managers can benefit from such findings for future e-marketing strategies and retaining customers to achieve long-term performance objectives.
Originality/value
– This paper is one of the early empirical endeavors that examined factors affecting attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. This study provides evidence on the factors that determine online shoppers’ attitudes as an antecedent to consumers purchase decisions. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by revealing the sort of cause and effect relationships among relative advantage, perceived website reputation, perceived website image, in addition to trust, and their effect on consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Moreover, this paper is one of handful research that has distinguished between perceived website image and perceived website reputation along with their relationships and more specifically in the context of online shopping. From an international e-marketing perspective, online retailers planning to expand their operations to include Jordan or the MENA Region have now valuable empirical evidence concerning the predictors of online shopping attitudes and online shoppers’ behavior upon which e-marketing strategies are formulated and implemented.
Research dealing with various aspects of* the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985,
1987) is reviewed, and some unresolved issues are discussed. In broad terms, the theory is
found to be well supported by empirical evidence. Intentions to perform behaviors of different
kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of
behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior. Attitudes, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control are shown to be related to appropriate sets of salient
behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about the behavior, but the exact nature of these
relations is still uncertain. Expectancy value formulations are found to be only partly
successful in dealing with these relations. Optimal rescaling of expectancy and value
measures is offered as a means of dealing with measurement limitations. Finally, inclusion of
past behavior in the prediction equation is shown to provide a means of testing the theory*s
sufficiency, another issue that remains unresolved. The limited available evidence concerning
this question shows that the theory is predicting behavior quite well in comparison to the
ceiling imposed by behavioral reliability.
Reference prices, which are extensively used in retail advertisements, have received considerable research attention over the last 15 years. The authors examine how reference prices in advertisements affect consumers' price beliefs and behavioral intentions in different contexts. A model of reference price effects is proposed and tested. The model facilitates explanation of anomalous findings in previous research.
In this paper we examine consumer attitudes towards a payment method, which is a key factor affecting the probability of completing a transaction offline and online. More specifically, we constructed a model that surveyed the offline and online usage of prepaid e-cash, debit cards, credit cards and cash. User perceptions of the attractiveness of e-cash and various traditional payment means were also empirically assessed. Consumer attitudes towards a payment technology were found to be influential on users’ perceptions in both online and offline environments. User perceptions of offline purchases with a payment technology had significant and positive effects on the corresponding online usage perceptions. The effects of our research model are contingent on the income level of users. Our findings have significant implications, as they could help shed light on why consumers abandon their shopping carts and do not complete their transactions, which could potentially play a significant role when it comes to designing applications targeting specific consumer segments.
The authors present a unified strategic framework that enables competing marketing strategy options to be traded off on the basis of projected financial return, which is operationalized as the change in a firm's customer equity rel- ative to the incremental expenditure necessary to produce the change. The change in the firm's customer equity is the change in its current and future customers' lifetime values, summed across all customers in the industry. Each customer's lifetime value results from the frequency of category purchases, average quantity of purchase, and brand-switching patterns combined with the firm's contribution margin. The brand-switching matrix can be esti- mated from either longitudinal panel data or cross-sectional survey data, using a logit choice model. Firms can ana- lyze drivers that have the greatest impact, compare the drivers' performance with that of competitors' drivers, and project return on investment from improvements in the drivers. To demonstrate how the approach can be imple- mented in a specific corporate setting and to show the methods used to test and validate the model, the authors illustrate a detailed application of the approach by using data from the airline industry. Their framework enables what-if evaluation of marketing return on investment, which can include such criteria as return on quality, return on advertising, return on loyalty programs, and even return on corporate citizenship, given a particular shift in cus- tomer perceptions. This enables the firm to focus marketing efforts on strategic initiatives that generate the great- est return.
Electronic business-to-customer (B2C) operations are making it possible for companies to deliver service products—conceptualized as bundles of physical goods, offline services, and digital content—to customers almost anywhere and at any time. In this article, the authors develop a product-process matrix for electronic B2C operations. The building blocks of the matrix are an electronic service product structure and an electronic service process structure. The electronic service product structure, characterized by the digital content of service products and the target market segment, defines four service product categories. The electronic service process structure, characterized by the flexibility of process technologies, defines four service process stages. Positions on the matrix capture the product-process interrelationships in electronic B2C operations. The authors present propositions relating customer value to positions on the product and process structures and on the matrix. They also present illustrative applications of the matrix to examine the B2C operations of two electronic food retailers.
The study reported here raises some questions about the conventional wisdom that the Internet creates a "level playing field" for large and small retailers and for retailers with and without an established reputation. In our study, consumers recognized differences in size and reputation among Internet stores, and those differences influenced their assessments of store trustworthiness and their perception of risk, as well as their willingness to patronize the store. After describing our research methods and results, we draw some implications for Internet merchants.
Purpose
This paper examines the shopping and buying behavior of younger and older online shoppers as mediated by their attitudes toward internet shopping.
Design/methodology/approach
Over 300 students and staff from a US university completed a survey regarding their online shopping and buying experiences for 17 products.
Findings
The results show that, while older online shoppers search for significantly fewer products than their younger counterparts, they actually purchase as much as younger consumers. Attitudinal factors explained more variance in online searching behavior. Age explained more variance in purchasing behavior if the consumer had first searched for the product online.
Research limitations/implications
The limitations of the present research are threefold. First, the sample was restricted to university faculty, staff and students. Second, a better measure of the hedonic motivation construct is needed. Third, additional independent measures such as income should be included to understand the additional demographic factors related to online purchase.
Practical implications
Retailing managers can make use of the results as describing multifaceted nature of online shopping and buying behavior. Age differences (in both directions) were seen for many product categories. In addition, results indicate that how one measures online shopping impacts on one's understanding of age effects on internet shopping. Age was negatively correlated with online pre‐purchase search but was positively correlated with online purchasing when pre‐purchase search behavior was taken into account.
Originality/value
The present study advances knowledge of the nature of the relationships among age, attitudes, and online shopping and buying behavior.
Purpose
The objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual model to examine the relationships among e‐service quality, consumer satisfaction, attitudes towards the web site and behavioural intentions in the context of content‐driven web sites.
Design/methodology/approach
Data from an online survey of 518 consumers were collected with the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling technique used to empirically test the model.
Findings
Findings suggest that positive evaluations of e‐service quality influences positive levels of consumer satisfaction, consumer attitudes towards the web site and behavioural intentions within the specific service context of content‐driven professional sports web sites.
Research limitations/implications
The study specifically focuses on content‐centric web sites within a single service domain being professional sport. Future research can apply the framework to other service sectors on the internet, as well as to other cultural settings.
Practical implications
The study suggests that practitioners can use the model developed in this study to assist in allocating resources to the essential, or under‐performing, e‐service quality attributes needed to drive positive consumer satisfaction, attitudes and behavioural intentions.
Originality/value
The paper proposes and empirically supports the idea that e‐service quality influences consumer attitudes as well as consumer satisfaction and behavioural intentions in the context of content‐driven (professional sports) web sites. Moreover, the results of this study provide managers with a useful framework to manage content driven e‐services, as well as for researchers interested in the issue of managing e‐service quality.
This study tested whether organizing the same number of products in different ways on an online store's website influences attitudes toward the store. The pilot study revealed that when the products were sorted into more subcategories (9 as opposed to 3), such that more subcategory options appeared in the selection menu, participants perceived that the website offered a greater variety of products and experienced greater ease of navigation and shopping pleasure, which improved their attitudes toward the online store. The next experiment tested the same effect but with three subcategory quantities (18, 9, and 3) while also considering the moderating effect of choice uncertainty (high versus low) in two processing contexts (buying versus browsing). The more subcategory options, the greater consumers' perceived variety. However, the influence of the number of subcategory options on ease of navigation, shopping pleasure, attitudes toward the store, and future purchase intentions indicated an inverted U-shaped pattern; moreover, the influence was significant only among participants with low rather than high choice uncertainty. This article concludes with implications for online marketing.
There appears to be general agreement among social psychologists that most human behavior is goal-directed (e. g., Heider, 1958 ; Lewin, 1951). Being neither capricious nor frivolous, human social behavior can best be described as following along lines of more or less well-formulated plans. Before attending a concert, for example, a person may extend an invitation to a date, purchase tickets, change into proper attire, call a cab, collect the date, and proceed to the concert hall. Most, if not all, of these activities will have been designed in advance; their execution occurs as the plan unfolds. To be sure, a certain sequence of actions can become so habitual or routine that it is performed almost automatically, as in the case of driving from home to work or playing the piano. Highly developed skills of this kind typically no longer require conscious formulation of a behavioral plan. Nevertheless, at least in general outline, we are normally well aware of the actions required to attain a certain goal. Consider such a relatively routine behavior as typing a letter. When setting this activity as a goal, we anticipate the need to locate a typewriter, insert a sheet of paper, adjust the margins, formulate words and sentences, strike the appropriate keys, and so forth. Some parts of the plan are more routine, and require less conscious thought than others, but without an explicit or implicit plan to guide the required sequence of acts, no letter would get typed.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on the development and nomological testing of a 17‐item scale measuring the five dimensions of service convenience (decision, access, transaction, benefit, and post‐benefit) as proposed by Berry, Seiders, and Grewal.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross‐sectional survey methodology was used to collect the data.
Findings
Reliability and validity assessments provided evidence of the scale's psychometric validity. Service convenience was found to be a significant predictor of overall satisfaction in the context of personal cellular telephone and internet usage.
Research limitations/implications
This study uses a student sample which may limit its generalizability to other respondents. Also, the cross‐sectional survey methodology does not allow for the investigation of causation. Future research should investigate other contexts outside of the cellular and internet services examined in this study and across a broader sample. Furthermore, the ability to retrospectively rate service convenience, the trade‐off between price and convenience, and the continuum of convenience need to be investigated further.
Originality/value
This study provides psychometrically valid scales to measure service convenience as conceptualized by Berry et al. .
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the consumer shopping channel extension focusing on attitude shift from offline to online store with a theoretical approach.
Design/methodology/approach
Two hundred and sixty two students in a large US midwestern university participated and provided usable survey responses. Structural equation modeling was employed to test hypotheses and the modified theory of planned behavior in the online retailing environment.
Findings
The results showed that attitude toward the offline store was a significant predictor of attitude toward the online store. In addition, search intention for product information via the online store was the strongest predictor of consumer's purchase intention via the online store as well as a mediating variable between predictor variables and purchase intention.
Research limitations/implications
The sample of this study was slightly biased by gender and age. Female college‐aged consumers were the majority. This demographic group is, however, meaningful to investigate for apparel multichannel retailers due to the strong consumer demand and buying power.
Originality/value
This paper offered a theoretical framework to understand and predict the consumer shopping behavior in the multichannel retailing setting. In addition, the present paper contributed to the academia by expanding the theory of planned behavior and online prepurchase intentions model.
The construction of a framework of the multiple consumer benefits of a sales promotion is discussed. Through a series of measurement studies, the authors find that monetary and nonmonetary promotions provide consumers with different levels of 3 hedonic benefits (opportunities for value expression, entertainment and exploration) and 3 utilitarian benefits (savings, higher product quality, and improved shopping convenience). To address the second question, the researchers develop a benefit congruency framework, which argues that a sales promotion's effectiveness is determined by the utilitarian or hedonic nature of the benefits it delivers and the congruence these benefits have with the promoted product. Among other results, 2 choice experiments show that as predicted for high-equity brands monetary promotions are more effective for utilitarian products than for hedonic products.
The current research was undertaken to understand Indian students' intention to purchase through online shopping Web sites. A survey of 325 students studying in Indian universities was conducted. The results indicate that Indian students' intention to purchase online is influenced by utilitarian value, attitude toward online shopping, availability of information, and hedonic values. Male students have a more positive attitude toward online shopping compared to female students.
This study examines the lifestyle characteristics of on-line households. By means of a U.S. national probability sample of on-line heads of households, this descriptive research is the first of its kind to provide a lifestyle perspective of who is using the Internet to shop, who does not shop, and why. It is hypothesized and shown that, compared with on-line nonshoppers, on-line shoppers are younger, wealthier, better educated, have higher computer literacy, spend more time on their computer, spend more time on the Internet, find on-line shopping to be easier and more entertaining, and are more fearful of financial loss from on-line shopping. The study further hypothesizes that on-line shoppers, and on-line nonshoppers, are heterogeneous groups comprised of particular market segments having unique Internet-related lifestyles. Four on-line shopper segments and four on-line nonshopper segments are identified. Each segment is profiled and its marketing implications discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypothesized that when a persuasive communication was on a topic of (a) high personal relevance, attitude change was governed by issue-relevant arguments, and (b) low personal relevance, peripheral features were more important. 145 undergraduates expressed their attitudes on the issue of comprehensive senior exams after exposure to a counterattitudinal advocacy that was of high or low personal relevance containing either strong or weak arguments that emanated from a source of either high or low expertise. Another 18 Ss were controls who were surveyed but not exposed to a counterattitudinal advocacy. Interactions of the personal relevance manipulation with the argument quality and expertise manipulations revealed that under high relevance (the exams were to be instituted the following year), attitudes were influenced primarily by the quality of the arguments in the message, whereas under low relevance (the exams were to be instituted in 10 years), attitudes were influenced primarily by the expertise of the source. It is suggested that an increase in involvement is associated with an increase in the importance of message arguments because people are motivated to hold "correct" and defensible opinions, and they have a better framework for things that are relevant to the self. (45 ref)
The shift from physical (brick and mortar) stores and hard copy catalog stores toward electronic stores (e-tailing) may be seen as a continuous innovation building on past changes brought about by in-home shopping methods such as catalog, TV and direct mail. Why are e-tailers then having such difficulty retaining their customers? In this paper, we examine the influence of consumer characteristics on perception of shopping benefits associated with electronic and physical shopping. Based on a mail survey of upscale US households, the empirical study finds the two shopping formats to be clearly different from each other in terms of perceived shopping benefits. The data supports the influence of individual characteristics (such as age, household income and family composition) as well as past behaviors on the shopping benefits associated with the two modes of shopping.
There have been many claims that the Internet represents a new nearly “frictionless market.” Our research empirically analyzes the characteristics of the Internet as a channel for two categories of homogeneous products—books and CDs. Using a data set of over 8,500 price observations collected over a period of 15 months, we compare pricing behavior at 41 Internet and conventional retail outlets.
We find that prices on the Internet are 9–16% lower than prices in conventional outlets, depending on whether taxes, shipping, and shopping costs are included in the price. Additionally, we find that Internet retailers' price adjustments over time are up to 100 times smaller than conventional retailers' price adjustments—presumably reflecting lower menu costs in Internet channels. We also find that levels of price dispersion depend importantly on the measures employed. When we compare the prices posted by different Internet retailers we find substantial dispersion. Internet retailer prices differ by an average of 33% for books and 25% for CDs. However, when we weight these prices by proxies for market share, we find dispersion is lower in Internet channels than in conventional channels, reflecting the dominance of certain heavily branded retailers.
We conclude that while there is lower friction in many dimensions of Internet competition, branding, awareness, and trust remain important sources of heterogeneity among Internet retailers.
Understanding the motivations of consumers to engage in relationships with marketers is important for both practitioners and marketing scholars. To develop an effective theory of relationship marketing, it is necessary to understand what motivates consumers to reduce their available market choices and engage in a relational market behavior by patronizing the same marketer in subsequent choice situations. This article draws on established consumer behavior literature to suggest that consumers engage in relational market behavior due to personal influences, social influences, and institutional influences. Consumers reduce their available choice and engage in relational market behavior because they want to simplify their buying and consuming tasks, simplify information processing, reduce perceived risks, and maintain cognitive consistency and a state of psychological comfort. They also engage in relational market behavior because of family and social norms, peer group pressures, government mandates, religious tenets, employer influences, and marketer policies. The willingness and ability of both consumers and marketers to engage in relational marketing will lead to greater marketing productivity, unless either consumers or marketers abuse the mutual interdependence and cooperation.
This research examines whether (1) consumers' shopping orientations are significantly related to their preference for shopping online, (2) consumers' demographic characteristics are significantly related to preference for shopping online, (3) relationships of shopping orientation and demographic variables with purchase preferences on the Internet will vary by the type of products (i.e., search, experience, or credence). Deriving from the product classification theory, products are classified into four categories: search products, two types of experience products, and credence products. Data were collected through self-administered surveys from adult population in two metropolitan areas in the Southern United States. The findings significantly support the study's hypotheses that shopping orientations such as convenience and recreational shopper and demographic variables such as gender, education, and household income were significantly related to consumer's online purchase preference. The researchers' findings also confirm that the relationships of shopping orientation and demographic variables with purchase preference for shopping online significantly differ by product category. More specifically, convenience and recreational orientations were positively related to preference for shopping online for experience-1, experience-2, and credence product types, though the directional relationship between recreational shopper orientation and preference for shopping on the Internet was positive rather than negative as hypothesized. The results and discussion section also includes implications drawn from the findings.
Despite placing items in virtual shopping carts, online shoppers frequently abandon them —an issue that perplexes online retailers
and has yet to be explained by scholars. Here, we identify key drivers to online cart abandonment and suggest cognitive and
behavioral reasons for this non-buyer behavior. We show that the factors influencing consumer online search, consideration,
and evaluation play a larger role in cart abandonment than factors at the purchase decision stage. In particular, many customers
use online carts for entertainment or as a shopping research and organizational tool, which may induce them to buy at a later
session or via another channel. Our framework extends theories of online buyer and non-buyer behavior while revealing new
inhibitors to buying in the Internet era. The findings offer scholars a broad explanation of consumer motivations for cart
abandonment. For retailers, the authors provide suggestions to improve purchase conversion rates and multi-channel management.
KeywordsOnline shopping cart abandonment-Online buyer behavior theory-E-tail-E-commerce
Are trust and risk important in consumers' electronic commerce purchasing decisions? What are the antecedents of trust and risk in this context? How do trust and risk affect an Internet consumer's purchasing decision? To answer these questions, we i) develop a theoretical framework describing the trust-based decision-making process a consumer uses when making a purchase from a given site, ii) test the proposed model using a Structural Equation Modeling technique on Internet consumer purchasing behavior data collected via a Web survey, and iii) consider the implications of the model. The results of the study show that Internet consumers' trust and perceived risk have strong impacts on their purchasing decisions. Consumer disposition to trust, reputation, privacy concerns, security concerns, the information quality of the Website, and the company's reputation, have strong effects on Internet consumers' trust in the Website. Interestingly, the presence of a third-party seal did not strongly influence consumers' trust.
This study is a comparison of the validity of theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior as applied to the area of moral behavior (i.e., illegal copying of software) using structural equation modeling. Data were collected from 181 university students on the various components of the theories and used to asses the influence of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the intention to make unauthorized software copies. Theory of planned behavior was found to be better than the theory of reasoned action in predicting unethical behavior. A modified version of the theory of planned behavior, with a causal path linking subjective norm to attitude, provided a significant improvement on model fit. The results indicated that perceived behavioral control is a better predictor of behavioral intention then attitude. The direct effect of subjective norm on behavioral intention was not significant, but the indirect effect through attitude was highly significant. Applicability of the theory of planned behavior for moral behavior and the implications for future research are discussed.
The purpose of this study is to propose a theoretical model to examine the antecedents of repurchase intention in online group-buying by integrating the perspective of DeLone & McLean IS success model and the literature of trust. The model was tested using the data collected from 253 customers of a group-buying website in Taiwan. The results show that satisfaction with website, satisfaction with sellers, and perceived quality of website have positive influences on repurchase intention, while perceived quality of website and perceived quality of sellers have significant impacts on satisfaction with website and satisfaction with sellers, respectively. The results also show that trust in website has positive influences on perceived quality of website and satisfaction with website, whereas trust in sellers influence perceived quality of sellers and satisfaction with sellers significantly. Finally, the results show that perceived size of website has positive influence on trust in website, while reputation of website and reputation of sellers significantly affect trust in website and trust in sellers, respectively. The implications for theory and practice and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Purpose
Blogging has become part of a consumer's decision making process when shopping online; however, the understanding of blog recommendation's effect on consumer purchase decision is still vague. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the blog reader's trusting belief in the blogger is significant in relation to the perceived usefulness of the blogger's recommendations; and how the blog reader's perceptions influence his/her attitude and purchasing behavior online. The moderating effect of blogger's reputation on readers’ purchasing intentions is also tested.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on various theories, a model was proposed in this study. A survey involving 327 blog readers as participants was analyzed in the empirical study to investigate whether the usefulness of bloggers’ recommendations and trusting beliefs toward blogger had influence on consumers’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward online shopping.
Findings
The results indicated that perceived usefulness of bloggers’ recommendations and trust had significant influential effect on blog users’ attitude towards and intention to shop online. Moreover, the findings showed that different determinants affected the users of perceived‐high‐reputation and perceived‐low‐reputation blogs.
Originality/value
The findings suggest bloggers’ electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) to be a promising marketing strategy for increasing sales. The marketers should provide free trial products and services to the perceived‐high‐reputation bloggers who, as valued opinion leaders, will influence and prompt others to shop online through a trusting effect. As for perceived‐low‐reputation bloggers, the marketing strategists should strive to emphasize the usefulness of products and services being marketed, so these perceived‐low‐reputation bloggers can focus more on describing the advantages and benefits of products or services discussed in their blogs.
This study examines the roles of the gratifications sought and of narcissism in content generation in social media and explores the generational differences in motivations and in narcissistic personalities when predicting the usage of Facebook, blogs, and forums. Data were gathered from a probability sample of 596 social media users through a telephone survey in 2010. Factor analysis results showed that content generation using social media was satisfying five socio-psychological needs: showing affection, venting negative feelings, gaining recognition, getting entertainment, and fulfilling cognitive needs. In particular, people who used social media to meet their social needs and their need for affection tended to use Facebook and blogs. In contrast, when users wanted to air out discontent, they often turned to forums. Results also showed that exhibitionists seemed to use social media to show affection, express their negative feelings, and achieve recognition. The study found no generational differences in using Facebook and blogs as a means to satisfy social needs or the need for affection. However, differences in patterns of social media usage were found among Baby Boomers with different narcissistic personalities. The paper includes a discussion of the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research.
This study examines the continuance participation intentions and behaviour on Facebook, as a representative of Social Networking Sites (SNSs), from a social and behavioural perspective. The study extends the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) through the inclusion of perceived value construct and utilizes the extended theory to explain users' continuance participation intentions and behaviour on Facebook. Despite the recent massive uptake of Facebook, our review of the related-literature revealed that very few studies tackled such technologies from the context of post-adoption as in this research. Using data from surveys of undergraduate and postgraduate students in Jordan (n = 403), the extended theory was tested using statistical analysis methods. The results show that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and perceived value have significant effect on the continuance participation intention of post-adopters. Further, the results show that continuance participation intention and perceived value have significant effect on continuance participation behaviour. However, the results show that perceived behavioural control has no significant effect on continuance participation behaviour of post-adopters. When comparing the extended theory developed in this study with the standard TPB, it was found that the inclusion of the perceived value construct in the extended theory is fruitful; as such an extension explained an additional 11.6% of the variance in continuance participation intention and 4.5% of the variance in continuance participation behaviour over the standard TPB constructs. Consistent with the research on value-driven post-adoption behaviour, these findings suggest that continuance intentions and behaviour of users of Facebook are likely to be greater when they perceive the behaviour to be associated with significant added-value (i.e. benefits outperform sacrifices).
Previous research has identified certain dispositional variables that might moderate the relationship between attitudes and behaviors. Building on this work, the present study predicted that individuals who are both aware of their own attitudes (high in private self-consciousness) and unconcerned with the opinions of others (low in self-monitoring) would display high attitude-behavior correspondence. In contrast, individuals with other combinations of these traits were expected to display high norm-behavior correspondence. To test these predictions, attitudes, norms and behaviors relevant to spending time on school work were measured for 226 college students. The results showed clear support for the predicted personality differences in attitude-behavior and norm-behavior correspondences. In addition, other findings showed that attitudes and norms are distinct rather than redundant constructs. Alternative interpretations and theoretical implications of the findings were discussed.
While interactions in the real world shopping are mainly based on face-to-face activities between consumers and service personnels, interactions in electronic commerce take place mainly through the retailer’s Web site. This study investigated the relationship between various characteristics of online shopping and consumer purchase behavior. Results of the online survey with 602 Korean customers of online bookstores indicate that information quality, user interface quality, and security perceptions affect information satisfaction and relational benefit, that, in turn, are significantly related to each consumer’s site commitment and actual purchase behavior.
Data from a sample of U.S. consumers are examined for gender-based differences in perceptions about factors affecting the perceived quality of online retailers. Seven electronic retailing (e-tailing) quality dimensions (reliability, accessibility, ordering services, convenience, product content, assurance, and credibility) are derived empirically using factor analysis. We find that women place significantly more importance on assurance than do men. This dimension, dealing with privacy and security, is closely related to trust. We find no gender-based differences in the frequency of online browsing or purchasing, but do find differences in the types of products women and men prefer to buy online.
Purpose
This study aims to explore Indian online shopping via the concept of shopping orientations.
Design/methodology/approach
Surveys were collected from 536 consumer panel members. Online shopping segments were identified by using a two‐step process that clustered respondents in terms of the similarity of their scores across four shopping orientations.
Findings
Three segments were identified: value singularity, quality at any price, and reputation/recreation. The quality at any price and reputation/recreation segments were the predominant online shoppers. Although their orientations toward shopping differed, their behaviour, web site attribute ratings, and demographics were very similar except for occupation (managerial versus clerical, respectively). The finding that the value singularity segment is not the pioneer online shopper in India contrasts with the early online shoppers in the USA, who were often motivated by price.
Research limitations/implications
This is the first empirical study to use shopping orientation research in the Indian marketplace. It is also among the first to link shopping orientations with a wide complement of correlates. Research should continue to track the development of this emerging market.
Practical implications
Besides revealing that the orientations of Indian consumers are not price‐based, the relatively unfractionated factor analysis solutions for shopping orientations and web site dimensionality suggest that, in the emerging Indian economy, consumer conceptualizations of shopping have not yet undergone full elaboration. Thus, this cross‐sectional study could be extended with longitudinal research to reveal how Indian consumers' perceptions of the marketplace change with market development and growing consumer sophistication.
Originality/value
Although online shopping in India is on the verge of rapid growth, relatively little is known about most aspects of Indian consumer behaviour. This study begins to build a foundation of knowledge of Indian online shopping.
Purpose
To compare and contrast clothing buyers who buy in stores, on the internet, and through catalogs so as to better understand these behaviors.
Design/methodology/approach
We surveyed 805 US consumers. They reported attitudes and shopping behaviors. These were compared among those who shopped chiefly in stores, on the internet, and through catalogs.
Findings
Consumers who shopped more and spent more for clothing did so via all three shopping modes. Buying on the internet was more highly related to buying by catalog than it was to store buying. Heavy buyers of clothing by all three shopping modes were more involved with fashion, more fashion innovative, and more innovative regarding online buying than light and medium buyers regardless of the shopping mode. Fashion opinion seeking and reliance on sales associates for information were unrelated to amount of buying for all three shopping modes.
Research limitations/implications
The findings are limited to US consumers and the convenience sample. Other limitations include the specific measures used, and the cross‐sectional survey method prevents us from making causal statements. The effects of other, unmeasured variables could not be assessed. Future studies could avoid these limitations by using data from several countries, representative samples, and additional variables.
Practical implications
Brick and mortar stores have less to fear from the internet than often thought. Catalogs are more likely to lose sales to the internet than are stores. The most profitable apparel companies might be catalogs or physical retailers who add/build web sites, while pure play companies may have a more difficult time achieving profitability. Apparel managers should focus research attention on learning more about the psychology of their buyers. While involvement with clothing leads to buying more via all three shopping modes, it is more important for store buying than buying by catalog or internet. Remote buyers of clothing are less fashion involved. Catalogs and apparel web sites might wish to feature new fashions, but they may be more successful in selling “standard” or normal clothing online than the latest fashions. They might broaden the selection of fabrics and colors to offer buyers more choices in the styles they already like. Clothing innovators shop more frequently via all three modes, but are most strongly drawn to stores.
Originality/value
Little research compares shopping across modes. Because modern clothing retailing involves all three modes, the study provides an unusual picture of this shopping behavior.
Service quality is widely accepted as one of the key determinants of online retailers' success. This exploratory study identified four key dimensions of online service quality as perceived by two groups of Internet users, online buyers and information searchers. The derived dimensions were: Web site design/content, trustworthiness, prompt/reliable service, and communication. This study also revealed that there were significant differences between these two Internet user groups regarding their perceptions on the identified dimensions. Furthermore, this research found that all of the four dimensions significantly influenced online buyers' evaluation of overall online service quality, while only three dimensions, Web site design/content, trustworthiness, and communication, had a significant impact on information searchers' assessment of overall online service quality. Managerial implications and recommendations are also presented.
The purpose of the experiment reported here was to examine Internet user concerns and perceptions of online shopping. The attitude of Internet users toward online shopping was measured using the Fishbein model. The relative factors influencing user attitudes toward online shopping and the relationship between the attitude and the influence factors were explored. The results show that the Fishbein model can effectively measure consumer attitudes and the examined consumer characteristics were important influence factors on consumer attitudes and online shopping decisions.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a research model to examine the impact of technology acceptance factors and social factors on online group buying (OGB). Based on an empirical survey of 346 online adopters of OGB in Taiwan, the paper uses structural equation modelling to investigate the research model. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness (PU), a sense of virtual community (SOVC) and trust in the VC (virtual community) are determinants of OGB intention. In addition, perceived ease of use and website quality influence PU. To sustain a successful group buying website, attention must be paid to enhancing user's SOVC, website functions and usability. Practitioners can apply the findings of this study to focus on the determinants of success for their online shopping websites. Theoretically, while drawing upon technology acceptance relevant studies, this paper provides a model that is capable of lending an understanding of the determinants of OGB intention. From a managerial perspective, the findings should provide further insight into members’ behaviours, leading to more effective strategies for increasing the number of customers.
In this paper, we report the development of scales to measure the perceived benefits and risks associated with online shopping. Based on an exploratory qualitative inquiry and quantitative assessment, a four-factor scale of perceived benefits and a three-factor scale of perceived risks of online shopping were developed. Results from two national samples support the proposed measures of perceived benefits and risks associated with online shopping in terms of construct, convergent, discriminate, nomological, and predictive validity. Variation of these perceptions over time was also examined to test scale stability over time and to describe the evolution of online shopping.
Companies throughout industry are interested in retaining existing customers, because customers' continuous consumption of products and services is critical to the long-term value propositions of most organizations. Thus, decision-making strategies that promote continuous use and customer retention are of research interest, both theoretically and practically. In the present research, we investigate one important area of continuous usage, that of Web site use. In particular, we use several theories of commitment to understand how an individual's decision to continue to use a Web site is influenced by his or her commitment toward that Web site and the vendor that supports it. Results derived from data collected from 335 users of a variety of Web sites indicated that affective commitment, calculative commitment, quality of alternatives, and trust were significantly associated with an individual's behavioral intention to continue to use a Web site. Implications for customer retention and decision-making strategies are discussed.
Presents the findings from a panel data on consumer buying behavior on the Internet. Advantages and disadvantages of panel data for survey research; Demographics of online consumers; Dollar amount that consumers are spending online; Total online spending projections in the United States.
The theory of reasoned action was used to identify the culturally appropriate beliefs of Hispanic smokers that might be targeted in an anti-smoking campaign. In-depth interviews were conducted with 263 Hispanics and 150 non-Hispanic whites. Intentions to quit smoking were predicted most strongly by the attitudinal rather than the normative component of the model. A pattern of cultural differences between the two ethnic groups was identified. Family-related consequences and concerns about bad smell contributed more to Hispanic attitudes toward quitting than to those of non-Hispanic whites, while the effects of withdrawal from cigarettes contributed more to non-Hispanic whites'attitudes than to Hispanics'. The bad smell of cigarettes, improving relationships with the family, weight gain, breathing more easily, and having a better taste in the mouth were the consequences of smoking and quitting that most strongly discriminated between those Hispanics intending and not intending to quit.
These results should be used in the creation of culturally appropriate anti-smoking messages for this group.
Many businesses on the Internet in the late 1990s spent wildly, doing whatever it might take to attract customers to their
sites. It soon became clear that the challenge was not simply to bring the customers in the door but also to retain these
customers for future purchases. The quest was on to discover what tactics had the most appeal to Internet shoppers. This study
reveals survey and behavioral data drawn from Internet customers that reflect what was most important to the Internet shoppers
and compare the factors for attraction versus retention. Since many have viewed the Internet as creating more perfect information
for the buyer, the question arises as to how important price will be in the purchase process. What becomes clear from the
analysis is that what attracts customers to the site are not the same dimensions critical in retaining customers on a longer
term basis.
The proliferation of commercial Web sites providing consumers with a new medium to purchase products and services has increased the importance of understanding the determinants of consumer intentions to shop online. This study compared the technology acceptance model and two variations of the theory of planned behavior to examine which model best helps to predict consumer intentions to shop online. Data were gathered from 297 Taiwanese customers of online bookstores, and structural equation modeling was used to compare the three models in terms of overall model fit, explanatory power and path significance. Decomposing the belief structures in the theory of planned behavior moderately increased explanatory power for behavioral intention. The results also indicate that the decomposed theory of planned behavior provides an improved method of predicting consumer intentions to shop online. Finally, the implications of this study are discussed.
This article examines consumers’ intention to shop online during the information acquisition stage. Specifically, the study incorporates 3 essential variables, which are likely to influence consumer intentions: (a) convenience characteristic of shopping channels, (b) product type characteristics, and (c) perceived price of the product. Results indicate that convenience and product type influence consumer intention to engage in online shopping. When consumers perceive offline shopping as inconvenient, their intention to shop online is greater. Also, online shopping intention is higher when consumers perceive the product to be search goods than experience goods.
As more e-retailers promise their customers that online experiences will be satisfying ones, understanding what creates a satisfying customer experience becomes crucial. Even though this understanding appears crucial, no studies have examined the factors that make consumers satisfied with their e-retailing experiences. To partly fill this void, the authors examine the role that consumer perceptions of online convenience, merchandising (product offerings and product information), site design, and financial security play in e-satisfaction assessments. They find that convenience, site design, and financial security are the dominant factors in consumer assessments of e-satisfaction. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and offer directions for future research.
The emergence of the virtual store has paved the way for the diffusion of E-commerce. Understanding key determinants for successful virtual stores will provide important theoretical and practical implications for developing E-commerce strategies. Expanding the Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory, we propose a theoretical model for studying a wide array of issues involved in E-commerce strategies. We test the model using a Web-based survey, and identify factors that have impacted acceptance of virtual store, including product offerings, information richness, usability of storefront, perceived trust and perceived service quality. We discuss the implications for research and practice on how to remain competitive in the volatile electronic marketplace.
Are brand names more valuable online or in traditional supermarkets? Does the increasing availability of comparative price information online make consumers more price-sensitive? We address these and related questions by first conceptualizing how different store environments (online and traditional stores) can differentially affect consumer choices. We use the liquid detergent, soft margarine spread, and paper towel categories to test our hypotheses. Our hypotheses and the empirical results from our choice models indicate that: (1) Brand names become more important online in some categories but not in others depending on the extent of information available to consumers — brand names are more valuable when information on fewer attributes is available online. (2) Sensory search attributes, particularly visual cues about the product (e.g., paper towel design), have lower impact on choices online, and factual information (i.e., non-sensory attributes, such as the fat content of margarine) have higher impact on choices online. (3) Price sensitivity is higher online, but this is due to online promotions being stronger signals of price discounts. The combined effect of price and promotion on choice is weaker online than offline.
In this paper, we empirically investigate an extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain the individual acceptance and usage of websites. Conceptually, we examine perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, enjoyment, and their impact on attitude towards using, intention to use and actual use. The paper also introduces a new construct, “perceived visual attractiveness” of the website and demonstrates that it influences usefulness, enjoyment, and ease-of-use. For our empirical research we partnered with a Dutch generic portal site with over 300,000 subscribers at the time the research was conducted. The websurvey resulted in a sample size of 828 respondents. The results confirmed all of the 12 hypotheses formulated.
While Web-based consumer activity is poised on the brink of dramatic growth, concerns about security have the potential to limit this growth by arousing shopper’s concerns about the Web-based channel. One key aspect to consumer participation in Web commerce may be the extent to which they perceive risk to their sensitive information. This study describes the creation of a scale to measure perceived Web security. We apply the scale in a causal model to investigate the relative impact of beliefs about Web shopping on intent to purchase products using the World Wide Web. Data from two samples is used to develop the scale and to perform the causal analysis. Our findings indicate the favorable psychometric properties of the scale, and the causal analysis from our sample indicates that security is a greater influence on intent to purchase using the Web than is the ease and utility of purchasing products.