No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Gambling in the Context of Other Recreation Activity: A Quantitative Comparison of Casual and Pathological Student Gamblers
Abstract
The motivations for gambling of recreational and pathological student gamblers were described and compared with their motivations for other leisure activities. Students (n = 996) at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas completed self-report questionnaires including the South Oaks Gambling Screen and the Recreation Experience Preference scales. Despite statistical differences, pathological gamblers and recreational gamblers shared seven of the top ten ranked motives for gambling.
... Para exemplificar, estudos realizaram investigações acerca do comportamento de apostadores e identificaram quais motivos faziam esses indivíduos apostarem. Dentre eles estão a necessidade de interação social (Bruce;Johnson, 1992;Lee et al., 2007;Platz, 2001), a busca por recursos financeiros Chung;Bernhard, 2014;Lee et al., 2007;Rodriguez et al., 2014), a vontade de se experimentar riscos (Platz, 2001), a procura por momentos de fuga da realidade Chung;Bernhard, 2014;Rockloff;Dyer, 2006) a necessidade de diversão (Lee et al., 2007) e a busca por competição (Svensson et al., 2011). Esse cenário ilustra que há diversas razões que influenciam na busca por apostas. ...
... Para exemplificar, estudos realizaram investigações acerca do comportamento de apostadores e identificaram quais motivos faziam esses indivíduos apostarem. Dentre eles estão a necessidade de interação social (Bruce;Johnson, 1992;Lee et al., 2007;Platz, 2001), a busca por recursos financeiros Chung;Bernhard, 2014;Lee et al., 2007;Rodriguez et al., 2014), a vontade de se experimentar riscos (Platz, 2001), a procura por momentos de fuga da realidade Chung;Bernhard, 2014;Rockloff;Dyer, 2006) a necessidade de diversão (Lee et al., 2007) e a busca por competição (Svensson et al., 2011). Esse cenário ilustra que há diversas razões que influenciam na busca por apostas. ...
... Esse cenário ilustra que há diversas razões que influenciam na busca por apostas. No entanto, nessas pesquisas, o motivo mais recorrente dentre todos é a excitação (Bruce;Johnson, 1992;Hing et al., 2016;Hing, 2019Hing, , 2020Chung;Bernhard, 2014;Lee et al., 2007;Platz, 2001;Rockloff;Dyer, 2006;Rodriguez et al., 2014;Svensson et al., 2011), corroborando com a ideia de que os apostadores estão em busca de mais excitação. ...
O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir acerca das apostas esportivas a partir da base teórica de Norbert Elias e Eric Dunning. Além disso, como suporte, analisa-se a estrutura dos sites de apostas esportivas e os estudos produzidos acerca do assunto. Assim, diante dos referenciais apresentados, conclui-se que os indivíduos que apostam no esporte estão em busca de mais excitação para além do que a assistência dessa atividade proporciona. Logo, se as apostas eram condimento para a excitação a fim de assistir uma luta, como apresentado por Elias no passado, hoje, certamente, diante da expansão do mercado das apostas esportivas, os indivíduos têm procurado cada vez mais esse condimento, ou seja, estão em busca de mais excitação.
... Moufakkir, Singh, and Moufakkir-van der Woud [6] argued that tourists are not homogeneous; instead, they can be differentiated based on characteristics, needs, and preferences. Accordingly, various attempts have been made to classify gaming tourists by several methods, including motivation and sociodemographics [5,7,8]. However, research gaps have remained. ...
... Gaming tourists are those whose primary purpose is gaming, whereas casino visitors include local residents and tourists with different purposes. Despite the differences in terms of scope, studies on segmentation mainly focused on developing a typology for casino visitors [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Hence, these studies provided limited implications and failed to explain the phenomenon of gaming tourists and other tourist activities. ...
... Second, research on the segmentation of gaming tourists based on their perception of the destination image is limited. Previous studies have mainly used socio-demographics and trip motivation [5,7,8] to classify gaming tourists. The effects of positive destination images have been emphasized in various studies. ...
... Although enhancement motivations were statistically significant in the current study, the strength of association between problem gambling and enhancement motivations was weak when compared with coping motivations, which were by far the more robust and significant predictor of problem gambling. The current results are consistent with previous research that suggests that maladaptive coping strategies, such as escape-avoidance, are associated with an increased risk of problem (Edgerton et al., 2015) and pathological (Platz & Millar, 2001) gambling. Individuals who use escape-avoidance strategies tend to turn to maladaptive and potentially harmful behaviour to cope with problems, as opposed to solving them through careful planning. ...
... With this in mind, although the current study provides evidence for the GMQ-F being a valid measure in an emerging adult population in its current four-factor structure, there are still motivational categories to be discovered, further expanding the measure's scope. A potential avenue for expanding the GMQ-F items may arise from risk motivations, previously reported in high numbers among university and college gambling samples (Neighbors et al., 2002;Platz & Millar, 2001). Risk was also highly reported among Korean casino gamblers, who also provide a second avenue for expansion, learning motivations (C.-K. Lee et al., 2006;H.-P. Lee et al., 2007). ...
This study assesses the psychometric properties of the Gambling Motivation Questionnaire for Financial Motivations (GMQ-F) in a Canadian sample of emerging adult university students. Confirmatory factor analysis was first used to test a 16-item GMQ-F for model fit, and then multiple regression analysis was used to test the predictive utility of the four subscales/factors. Results confirmed that the GMQ-F is a valid and reliable measure of university student gambling motivations, in accordance with the four-factor structure proposed by Dechant (2014) despite poor initial results. Regression results were mixed: Three of the four subscales (enhancement, social, and coping) were significant predictors of problem gambling and gambling variety, only the enhancement and coping subscales were significant predictors of gambling frequency, and none of the subscales significantly predicted average monthly expenditure on gambling. The implications of this study support further refinement of the GMQ-F, as differing results from the current study and from prior work on normative samples point to a different reliance on motivational categories or different motivational categories entirely.RésuméCette étude évalue les propriétés psychométriques de l’échelle de motivations financières relatives aux jeux de hasard et d’argent (GMQ-F) auprès d’un échantillon canadien d’étudiants universitaires jeunes adultes. La première analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) a été utilisée pour tester l’ajustement du modèle du GMQ-F à 16 éléments, puis une régression multiple a été utilisée pour tester l’utilité prédictive des quatre sous-échelles/facteurs. Les résultats ont confirmé que le GMQ-F est une mesure valide et fiable des motivations au jeu des étudiants universitaires, suivant la structure à quatre facteurs proposée par Dechant (2014), malgré de faibles résultats initiaux. Les résultats de la régression étaient mitigés : trois des quatre sous-échelles (amélioration, aspect social et adaptation) étaient des prédicteurs significatifs du jeu problématique et de la variété de jeu; tandis que seules l’amélioration et l’adaptation étaient des prédicteurs significatifs de la fréquence du jeu. Aucune des sous-échelles n’a prédit de manière significative les dépenses mensuelles moyennes consacrées aux jeux de hasard. Ce projet a pour effet d’encourager une amélioration du GMQ-F, car la différence des résultats entre l’étude actuelle et des travaux antérieurs sur des échantillons normatifs indique une dépendance différente à l’égard des catégories de motivation, voire différentes catégories de motivation entièrement.
... Gambling 'for excitement', is identified as one of the most common motivations for participation (Boyd, 1976;Neighbors, Lostutter, Cronce, & Larimer, 2002;Pantalon, Maciejewski, Desai, & Potenza, 2008). By comparison, quantitative approaches have identified arousal, measured either objectively (e.g. by heart rate, skin conductance or blood pressure) or subjectively through rating scales, as an important motivational factor (Lee, Chae, Lee, & Kim, 2007;Lloyd et al., 2010;Platz & Millar, 2001;Wardle et al., 2011) and reinforcer of gambling participation (Boyd, 1976;Brown, 1986, Lloyd et al., 2010Rockloff & Dyer, 2006;Wulfert, Roland, Hartley, Wang, & Franco, 2005;Wulfert et al., 2008). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has shown that gambling activity can modulate activation in the nucleus accumbens, an area integral to reward and appetitive processes within the brain (Knutson, Taylor, Kaufman, Peterson, & Glover, 2005). ...
... The dimensions, which we have called challenge and mastery, detachment, self-affirmation, risk and excitement and affiliation support existing motivational theories of gambling participation and corroborate the findings of previous empirical gambling research. The individual dimensions have been found in the following studies: mastery (Binde, 2013;Canale et al., 2015;Cotte, 1997;Wardle et al., 2011); relaxation and escape (Binde, 2013;Dow-Schüll, 2002;Fang & Mowen, 2009;Lloyd et al., 2009;Wardle et al., 2011); self-affirmation (Cotte, 1997;Haggard & Williams, 1991;Hussain & Griffiths, 2008;Loroz, 2004;; excitement (Binde, 2013;Lloyd et al., 2009;Neighbors et al., 2002;Platz & Millar, 2001;Wardle et al., 2011); social motivations (Binde, 2013;Cassidy, 2012;Lloyd et al., 2009;Sheeran & Orbell, 1999;Wardle et al., 2011). This also suggests that the gambling motivation dimensions correspond closely with psychological need satisfaction dimensions in the context of gambling participation. ...
Psychological needs are satisfied through leisure participation, which in turn influences subjective well-being. The present study explored the psychological needs reported to be satisfied through gambling participation and examined associations between need satisfaction, game preferences and subjective well-being. A heterogeneous, self-selected sample of 1446 participants was recruited, through the Internet gambling provider Kindred Group Plc, for an online questionnaire survey. Five psychological need dimensions of gambling were identified, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on calibration and validation samples, respectively: mastery, detachment, self-affirmation, risk and excitement, and affiliation. Challenge and mastery need satisfaction was higher for poker than for sports betting, horse racing, slots or casino table games; both self-affirmation and affiliation were also higher for poker than for sports betting and slots. By comparison, detachment was higher for slots than for sports gambling. While there were no significant variations in stress levels between the different forms of gambling, happiness ratings were lower for slots compared with sports betting and poker. This study provides insight into how distinctive patterns of play may satisfy different psychological needs and provides preliminary insights into how gambling patterns may prove adaptive or maladaptive as leisure choices.
... Wood et al. (2004) showed that more than half of the gamblers in their study endorsed the desire to win money as a main reason for gambling. Winning money is the strongest motive for both recreational and problem gamblers, followed by excitement (Platz and Millar 2001). The same study showed that problem gamblers see winning money is more important than recreational gamblers do. ...
... Rather, this research identified that attitudes towards money and distortive cognitions mediated the relations between social cynicism and gambling frequency in Study 2. Previous research found that winning was the most important motive for both recreational and problem gamblers (Platz and Millar 2001), outweighing other motives including excitement, exploration, and being with friends. Another study by Stewart et al. (2008) revealed that 56% of the gamblers whom they studied were enhancement gamblers who gambled for positive reinforcement such as money. ...
Theory and research have revealed the impact of cognitive factors on propensity for gambling, but the role of generalized beliefs and their underlying mechanisms receive little attention. In the present research, we operationalized generalized beliefs as social axioms (Leung et al. in J Cross Cult Psychol 33:286–302, 2002) and tested how the axiom factors of fate control and social cynicism affected the likelihood to gamble in hypothetical scenarios (Study 1) and the actual behaviour of gambling (Study 2). In Study 1, we found that both fate control and social cynicism positively predicted the propensity to participate in horse betting and casino gambling among university students (n = 184). The effect of fate control was mediated by perceived benefit of gambling, whereas social cynicism affected gambling propensity directly. In Study 2, we showed the same effects of fate control and social cynicism on gambling frequency among at-risk adolescents (n = 547), and identified two types of gambling-related cognition (i.e., distortive gambling cognitions and attitudes towards money) as mediators. Overall, this research provided evidence for the importance of social beliefs in formulating specific gambling cognitions and gambling behaviours, shedding light on intervention strategies for helping frequent gamblers through altering their worldviews in general and risk-taking beliefs in particular.
... Interestingly, however, there have been varied research results among these varies college gambling studies. Some studies, for example, have indicated that gambling on college campuses is commonplace (Winterset al., 1998;Platz & Millar, 2001;Neighbors, et al., 2002;Engwall, Hunter & Steinberg, 2004) and that gambling was a significant problem on campuses with a small proportion of students considered pathological gamblers (Platz & Millar, 2001;Engwall, Hunter & Steinberg, 2004;Shaffer & Hall, 2001). Conversely, other studies argued that issues with college student gambling may be overestimated because of the low rate of diagnosed pathological student gamblers (Winters et al., 1998;Browne & Brown, 1994;LaBrie et al., 2003;Slutske, Jackson, & Sher, 2003). ...
... Interestingly, however, there have been varied research results among these varies college gambling studies. Some studies, for example, have indicated that gambling on college campuses is commonplace (Winterset al., 1998;Platz & Millar, 2001;Neighbors, et al., 2002;Engwall, Hunter & Steinberg, 2004) and that gambling was a significant problem on campuses with a small proportion of students considered pathological gamblers (Platz & Millar, 2001;Engwall, Hunter & Steinberg, 2004;Shaffer & Hall, 2001). Conversely, other studies argued that issues with college student gambling may be overestimated because of the low rate of diagnosed pathological student gamblers (Winters et al., 1998;Browne & Brown, 1994;LaBrie et al., 2003;Slutske, Jackson, & Sher, 2003). ...
Religious activities religion can be a part of reducing tension, alleviating anxiety, and creating the hope that the performance will resolve them (Malefijt, 1968; Geertz, 1966; Glazier, 1997). Similarly, people often engage in recreation for reducing stress, improving moods, and enhancing mental and physical health. As such, religion and recreation share common social and communal functions and travel motivations. Despite their varying religious/secular implications, for example, religious holidays like Christmas and Easter share recreational characteristics, especially in a contemporary society. However, it should be acknowledged that there are still some differences: the effects of religion may last longer than those from recreation. This paper, using anthropological theories and methods based on thorough fieldwork focused on how religion may serve as a kind of recreation to people and how an understanding of this relationship might assist the field of recreational studies.
... First of all, casual bettors participate in betting for entertainment. They place bets occasionally and do not invest significant time or effort into studying betting strategies or analyzing odds (Platz & Millar, 2001). Secondly, professional bettors approach betting as a serious endeavor with the aim of making consistent profits from their wagers. ...
Financial and gambling markets are ostensibly similar and hence strategies from one could potentially be applied to the other. Financial markets have been extensively studied, resulting in numerous theorems and models, while gambling markets have received comparatively less attention and remain relatively undocumented. This study conducts a comprehensive comparison of both markets, focusing on trading rather than regulation. Five key aspects are examined: platform, product, procedure, participant and strategy. The findings reveal numerous similarities between these two markets. Financial exchanges resemble online betting platforms, such as Betfair, and some financial products, including stocks and options, share speculative traits with sports betting. We examine whether well-established models and strategies from financial markets could be applied to the gambling industry, which lacks comparable frameworks. For example, statistical arbitrage from financial markets has been effectively applied to gambling markets, particularly in peer-to-peer betting exchanges, where bettors exploit odds discrepancies for risk-free profits using quantitative models. Therefore, exploring the strategies and approaches used in both markets could lead to new opportunities for innovation and optimization in trading and betting activities.
... Learning refers to the need for individuals to acquire new knowledge. Additionally, even pathological gamblers have diverse motivations when gambling, including winning money, experiencing stimulation, risk-taking, autonomy, independence, escape from everyday life, exploration, being with friends, the ability of competition, control, and power, etc. [38]. Research by Lee et al. [39] identified motivations such as socialization and learning, challenge, avoidance, and victory. ...
This study focuses on how the COVID-19 epidemic affects gambling motivation and behavior. This research also analyzes the behavioral intervention effects of the anti-epidemic measures on the COVID-19 epidemic and the relationship between the epidemic impact and gambling motivation and behavior. To investigate these connections, this research used Structural Equation Modeling to analyze 334 valid questionnaires collected during COVID-19 from gamblers from mainland China who visited the Macao Special Administrative Region. The results showed that the epidemic impact negatively affected gambling motivation and behavior, and gambling motivation partially mediated the relationship between epidemic impact and gambling behavior. Anti-epidemic measures positively moderated the epidemic’s impact on gambling motivation and behavior. This paper offers a theoretical contribution by proving the influence of the social environment on human motivational behavior, especially the effect of the COVID-19 crisis, and the support of government and enterprise anti-epidemic measures for behavior intervention theory. The practicality of this study consists of behavioral interventions from anti-epidemic efforts by regional government and industry to cope with the epidemic. These measures should influence the gamblers’ behavior intentions by considering the health and safety strategies that may reduce the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mainland Chinese gamblers. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-04-024 Full Text: PDF
... There are various motives inducing people to become involved with gambling: the craving for excitement (Platz and Millar, 2001), getting away from their daily routine (Loroz, 2004), socializing with others (Lee et al., 2006), or winning money (Park et al., 2002). However, in our study, we applied the Biopsychosocial approach to examine gambling behavior, similar to the study by Griffiths and Wood (2001), which found that the motive for gambling was a RBF 16,2 combination of economic, social and psychological drives, as well as accomplishment and learning. ...
Purpose
“Poor, Stressed, Drink (alcohol), and Gambling” is one of the campaigns for poverty eradication in Thailand. This study focuses on informal workers—gamblers—who belong to low-income groups and are not covered by the law as an employer. The main objective was to investigate the factors affecting financial stress among informal laborers and determine the factors that drive informal workers to buy lottery tickets (classified by economic, psychological and social motives).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors applied binary logistic regression to determine what factors affected financial stress and multinomial logistic regression was applied to examine the factors affecting the motives for buying the lottery.
Findings
According to the study's results, factors including education, income, gambling intensity, level of financial literacy, saving and knowledge about finance in general influenced both economic and psychological motives negatively. However, gender, status, age, level of risk tolerance, self-evaluated level of acceptable risk and knowledge about compound interest influenced both economic motives and psychological motives positively. It is worth noting that both the self-evaluation of their level of financial literacy and knowledge about inflation resulted in effects moving in different directions, with self-evaluation of their level of financial literacy and knowledge about inflation negatively affecting economic motives, but positively affecting psychological motives.
Practical implications
The results of this study are expected to help policymakers understand more about this issue since it will illustrate the relationships between financial stress and financial literacy, financial behaviors, financial attitudes and risk tolerance and gambling behaviors. After all, financial stress is a significant problem affecting individuals, their families and the community, and it stems from various complex factors. Therefore, the government and counseling agencies should apply active strategies to mitigate these issues and lessen the resulting financial stress by providing financial literacy projects, as well as financial counseling.
Social implications
Low financial literacy, especially being inefficient at managing one's finances, unusually comes with unhealthy financial thought patterns, as well as a lack of systematic financial management. Furthermore, the lack of financial literacy can potentially lead to unfavorable circumstances. When one falls into uncontrollable situations, including divorce, becoming unemployed, having health problems, being in toxic relationships, loss of a breadwinner, an unexpected pregnancy, etcetera, they could easily find themselves failing to properly cope with these problems and become stressed. Finally, they are also more at risk to take illicit drugs or begin gambling more frequently.
Originality/value
One of the key elements that reduces financial stress is a person's finances, which is thought to have a significant role in reducing their betting behaviors. The findings of this study can be used to guide policy making intended to deter those who have never gambled from starting. Gambling is considered a risk-taking activity with a higher value reward in return. Money, enjoyment, socialization and excitement were all popular motives for gambling. These findings were consistent with what has been observed in Thai society related to the factors influencing individual to gamble, in other words, economic, psychological and social motives. The study focused on gamblers who were informal laborers. They are laborers without an employer according to the Thai labor law, do not have any social security from the government and, usually, have low incomes.
... This is in part due to the loss of income as a result of the cancellation of sporting events. While individuals who bet on sports recreationally may be motivated to engage in sports betting for fun and excitement and to escape everyday stresses and strains [19][20][21][22], the primary motivation for those who bet on sports professionally is to make money and have a sustainable income [23,24]. While Hayano (1984) [25] defined professional gamblers as "those who derive all or a significant part of their income from gambling activities" (p. ...
Although the COVID-19 pandemic impacted individuals who bet on sports, sports betting tipsters (SBTs; i.e., individuals who provide professional tips on the outcome of sporting events) were arguably among the most affected groups. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to explore how SBTs in Turkey were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including alternate forms of gambling engagement (e.g., e-sports betting). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 85 SBTs aged between 20 and 48 years. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes. Based on the qualitative analysis, four themes emerged: (i) the meaning and role of sports betting, (ii) the effects of the pandemic on life and sports betting, (iii) comparing e-sports betting vs. traditional sports betting, and (iv) possible sports betting behavior if the pandemic continues. SBTs reported experiencing psychological distress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic’s cancellation of sporting events. More specifically, SBTs reported a sense of emptiness because of the lack of sports betting. Furthermore, SBT reported suffering a loss of income and turning to e-sports betting during the pandemic. However, the majority of SBTs did not find betting on e-sports as exciting as traditional betting but reported they would continue to engage in e-sports betting if traditional sports betting was not available. The findings of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the impact of SBTs on individuals and further provide practical implications for policymakers to promote a safe, sustainable, and long-term growth of the sports betting industry in Turkey.
... Often times these gamblers are called social gamblers do not tend to incur lasting life problems from gambling. The five most common motivations among recreational gamblers were found to be winning, exploration, excitement, being with friends and being with similar people (Platz & Millar, 2001). Illegal gambling represents yet another group of gambling activities. ...
The Philippine gambling industry, and particularly online gaming, has recently emerged as a major driver of the country’s economy. The rise of this controversial industry has become a cause of concern for many Filipino citizens. For the past two decades, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has been a major driver of the Philippine economy. However, a new sector of the economy has emerged that appears poised to take over traditional BPOs: online gambling. With the emergence of online gambling, any citizen can simply log into a website and they can play the usual casino games like poker, roulette, and slot machines or even sports betting. Online gambling is just like having a wallet in your pocket right now and just waiting for the money to come in, you just pull out your cellphone and you gamble already right away, that easy. Technically, engaging in online gambling is legal unless operated by a Philippine-licensed offshore company. Unlike other countries, the Philippines does not have strict mandates against gambling. The research aims to cover if consumer attitude and government regulations are significantly proportion with the effect of online gambling behavior. Adding to that, the researcher has added an intervening variable which is promotional ads if it has a direct impact adopting online gambling behavior. By using a quantitative analysis, the study recorded 100 respondents residing in the Philippines and studying their opinion towards this new addictive behavior relating to money. The materials and resources collected have concluded that consumer attitude and government regulations have significant impact towards this unlikely behavior, while promotional ads remain irrelevant.
... Studies on sports bets evaluated in gambling behaviors and their possible outcomes focus on two main elements. One of them is that sports betting can provide positive effects to individuals as an entertainment and recreation tool, and the other one is that it can lead to some psychological, social, and economic problems in individuals (Lee et al. 2014;López-Gonzalez et al. 2019b;López-Gonzalez et al. 2019c;Nweze et al. 2020;Petry 2003;Russell et al. 2019b;Platz and Millar 2001;Reiche 2013;Welte et al. 2004;Williams et al. 2012). While positive effects reduce the stress of individuals and bring results such as satisfaction and relaxation (Lee et al. 2014), in negative situations, problems such as negative mood, depression, feelings of guilt, anxiety, problematic gambling/compulsive gambling, financial problems, addiction, physical and mental health issues can also occur, and both individuals and their family and social environment can be negatively affected by this situation (Abbott et al. 2018;Jenkinson et al. 2018;Ratelle et al. 2004). ...
Many earlier studies conducted on sports betting and addiction have examined sports betting in the context of gambling and have not taken into account the specific motivations of sports betting. Therefore, the effects of motivational elements of sports betting on sports betting addiction risk are unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of motivation factors specific to sports betting on sports betting addiction. Accordingly, three linked studies were conducted. Firstly, to determine sports betting motivations “Sports Betting Motivation Scale (SBMS)” developed and validated. Secondly, to determine the risks of sports betting addiction “The Problem Sports Betting Severity Index (PSBSI)” was adapted from Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Finally, the third study examined the effects of the sports betting motivations on sports betting addiction risk. Study one (n=281), study two comprised (n=230), and the final study comprised (n=643) sports fans who bet on sports regularly for 12 months with different motivations. The findings demonstrate that the SBMS appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing sports betting motivations. Also, the findings provided PSBSI validity for the use of the Turkish and sports betting adapted version of PGSI. As a result of the main research, “make money”, “socialization,” and “being in the game” motivations were found to be positive predictors of sports betting addiction risk, while “fun” motivation was a negative predictor. The motivations “recreation/escape”, “knowledge of the game” and “interest in sport” were found not to be significant predictors of the risk of sports betting addiction.
... Gambling products have arguably evolved to become socially acceptable consumer products for recreational purposes (Ma et al., 2014;Platz & Millar, 2001). After the '90s, when the internet became the primary medium for consumer goods, gambling became readily accessible from a household couch in form of an online leisure activity such as sports betting, casino or poker (Eadington, 2004). ...
Traditional approaches that seek to study Responsible Gambling (RG) mainly focus on evaluating platform-based intervention tools applied on gambling operator sites. This paper reports on the implementation, at the payment-solution level, of an intervention tool that gambling customers used to deposit their bets. The approach pre-commits customers to set a single-point spending limit on their payment gateway account, effectively enabling them to apply their budget setting on all gambling platforms on which they choose to play. Ten users who have used the provision for at least six months and on two different gambling platforms were selected for an in-depth interview. Based on the findings from content analysis, the article argues that payment-level intervention approach can potentially (1) provide the overall gambling population with better financial literacy regarding their gambling habits, which promotes responsible spending behaviour, (2) elevate the strain on users to set up intervention tools on every individual platform, and (3) serve as a preventive measure regardless of the existence or absence of intervention tools at gambling sites. Furthermore, the results affirm a gap in existing research and a need for comprehensive guidelines and strategies for financial institutions to positively contribute towards the agenda of RG. The findings of this study highlight the need for revisiting theoretical and philosophical foundations of intervention tool studies and gambling policymaking as well as calls for reassessing how we problematised harmful gambling. The paper contributes to the research on gambling intervention tools.
... Evidence suggests that problem and non-problem gamblers have similar motivations to gamble but the motivational strength differs for problem gamblers. In particular, winning money (chasing losses) and relieving tension, stress and emotional distress are implicated in promoting continued gambling (Clarke, Tse, Abbott, Townsend, Kingi, & Manaia, 2007;Platz & Millar, 2001). However, there are many reasons why people gamble. ...
ABSTRACT: Gambling has become an activity that most Nigerian youths and adolescents engage in, with accessibility due to the available internet. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the patterns and prevalence of gambling behavior among youths in south-west Nigeria. 320 participants were involved in the study. Four hypotheses were tested, and the result shows that there is a significant difference in the gambling behaviour of youth in Oyo and Ekiti State, Nigeria, based on age (F(2,294) = 2.793, P(.009)<.05).also the research showed that there is a significant relationship between financial strain and gambling behaviour (r(297) = .561p<.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between personality and gambling. (r(297) = .275 p<.05).Furthermore, it was revealed that there is a relationship between depression and gambling behavior. (r(297) = .321 p<.05). Findings were discussed in line with the existing literature, and recommendations were made.
KEYWORDS: gambling, patterns, behavior, youths, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
... The motivation to win money is inextricably linked to other gambling motives (e.g. coping, enhancement, and social) and is theorized to be the core motivation underlying recreational (Walker et al. 2008;Matheson et al. 2009;Binde 2013) and disordered gambling (Platz and Millar 2001;Ladouceur et al. 2002;Neighbors et al. 2002). Circumstantial evidence from research on disordered gamblers indicates that winning money may act as a "drug" that bolsters their self-image and thus their self-worth (Blaszczynski and Nower 2010;Hodgins and El-Guebaly 2004;Morasco et al. 2007; also see Turner et al. 2002). ...
Having a self-concept that is focused on a single life domain has been implicated in various emotional and behavioral disorders, including depression, body image disorders, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Herein, we extended research on having a focused self-concept by testing the idea that a self-concept focused on financial success is a core feature of disordered
gambling. We also hypothesized that the degree of financial focus varies as a function of disordered gambling subtypes described in the Pathways Model. Specifically, we expected that emotionally vulnerable and anti-social impulsive disordered gamblers would report greater
financial focus relative to behaviorally conditioned disordered gamblers. In Study 1, a community sample of people with gambling problems (n=215) completed measures that assessed disordered gambling subtype, financially focused self-concept, and disordered gambling severity.
As hypothesized, financial focus was greater among the emotionally vulnerable and anti-social impulsive subtypes relative to the behaviorally conditioned subtype, regardless of disordered gambling severity. Study 2 (n=479) was a preregistered replication and extension of Study 1.
Again, financial focus was greater among emotionally vulnerable and anti-social impulsive subtypes (relative to the behaviorally conditioned subtype), regardless of disordered gambling
severity. The pattern of means for financial focus by disordered gambling subtype was distinct from that of gambling-related cognitive distortions. Moreover, as predicted, financial focus was greater among disordered gamblers relative to non-disordered gamblers. The findings provide a
novel perspective on the psychopathology underlying disordered gambling, and suggest that a financial focused self-concept may hold explanatory power for the development of other behavioral addictions
... Research has identified multiple motives (Chantal et al. 1995). This includes gambling to experience excitement (Platz and Millar 2001), as a means of coping and/or 'escaping' from daily routine (Loroz 2004). For others, it may facilitate socialising (Lee et al. 2006), lead to raised income (Park et al. 2002) and/or maintain optimal levels of arousal (Blaszczynski and Nower 2002;Gupta and Derevensky 1997;Lloyd et al. 2010;Raylu and Oei 2004;Wood and Griffiths 2007). ...
Three linked studies, testing key aspects of the Pathways towards Problem and Pathological Gambling Model (Blaszczynski and Nower in Addiction 87(5):487–499, 2002), are presented. Study one comprised 204 students and 490 gambling forum users. It predicted differences in gambling severity, mental health and substance use across different motives for gambling. Those with a primary social motive for gambling displayed less severe gambling and anxiety than those without, with the primary coping subgroup displaying the most anxiety and depression. Those who gambled primarily to enhance positive affect reported severe gambling. Study two comprised 404 gambling forum users and 265 students. Similar groups to the Pathways Model emerged, with a behaviourally conditioned and an emotionally vulnerable group. Unexpectedly, however, those in the emotionally vulnerable group reported more severe cognitive distortions than the behaviourally conditioned group. The final study, 378 gambling forum users and 201 students, found, as predicted, that three distinct gambling groups emerged; (1) those with lower levels of psychopathology and higher levels of protective factors; (2) those with heightened pre-existing anxiety and depression, and moderate levels of protective factors; and (3) those with heightened impulsivity, psychopathology, offending behaviour and the least protective factors. Three gambling groups are consequently presented (Social Gambler; Affect-Regulation Gambler; Antisocial Gambler) alongside the proposed Integrated Risk and Protective Factors Model of Gambling Types (IRPF-MGT). Directions for future research and implications for practice are outlined.
... Moreover, the differences between the three groups of gamblers (NPGs, RPGs and PPGs) are statistically significant for all dimensions of the GMQ-F scale, except for ''social'' motivation. Earlier research showed that PPGs gamble more to escape problems compared to recreational gamblers (Burlacu et al. 2013;Clarke 2008;Platz and Millar 2001), which is supported in this study. Respondents with a gambling problem have significantly higher scores than RPGs and NPGs: first, on coping, secondly, on financial motivation and then on enhancement. ...
... On the perceived benefits from gambling, most of the participants viewed gambling as an easy means of making money for their daily needs. This finding is consistent with previous research, which found money to be the motive behind gambling, in people young (Jacobs 2000;Lee et al. 2007;Wood and Griffiths 2004) and old (Platz and Millar 2001;Wardle et al. 2010). The financial gains offered by gambling emerged strongly in participants who gambled even though they had jobs (Blaszczynski and Nower 2007). ...
Youth participation in gambling in Ghana has been surging, but little research has been done on the subject. This study examines factors leading to initiation into gambling and participants’ understanding of and motivation for it. One-on-one interviews were conducted with twenty selected participants. Thematic analysis shows that factors that triggered their gambling include personal loss, the proximity of betting sites, unemployment, leisure, and curiosity. Participants variously perceived betting on sports as a game that involves chance, money, and electronic gadgets. The perceived benefits of gambling included money, socialization, positive emotion, expression of knowledge, and love of football. Implications are discussed in light of the need for educating youth on adaptive coping strategies and the need for policies and programs to provide better alternatives to youth unemployment.
... Moreover, the differences between the three groups of gamblers (NPGs, RPGs and PPGs) are statistically significant for all dimensions of the GMQ-F scale, except for ''social'' motivation. Earlier research showed that PPGs gamble more to escape problems compared to recreational gamblers (Burlacu et al. 2013;Clarke 2008;Platz and Millar 2001), which is supported in this study. Respondents with a gambling problem have significantly higher scores than RPGs and NPGs: first, on coping, secondly, on financial motivation and then on enhancement. ...
... The need for achievement, in conjunction with a need for excellence, can be associated with gambling behaviors and self-esteem (Lee et al., 2006;Loroz, 2004), while affiliation is associated with the need for social interactions, previously identified with gambling motivations (Kinnunen and Mäyrä, 2014;Lee et al., 2006), as well as with escaping the monotony of daily life (Loroz, 2004). Finally, the need for power may be associated with a need to be acknowledged by others (Winter, 1973) or even excitement (Platz and Millar, 2001). We now turn to our methodology and findings. ...
Purpose
Gambling is increasingly a global phenomenon, derided by some as exploitative and viewed by others as entertainment. Despite extensive research into gambling motivations, previous research has not assessed whether gaming choice is a function of one’s personal motivations or simply a desire to gamble in general, regardless of game choice among recreational gamblers. We explore this theme by considering “illusion of control” where luck and skill may mediate gambling motivation.
Design/methodology/approach
This study applies two motivation theories: Hedonic Consumption Theory (HCT) and Motivation Disposition Theory (MDT), as well as examining heuristic perspectives related to gambling. Three stages of qualitative data collection were undertaken.
Findings
Our findings indicate that for recreational gamblers, gaming choice is a function of personal motives. Hence, gamblers chose games that reflect their needs or motives, focusing on the game or games that best allow them to achieve their goals and desires.
Research limitations/implications
These findings shed light on an important topic and include an in-depth examination of recreational gamblers’ motivations. Further quantitative examinations should be considered.
Practical implications
This research could be used by practitioners or researchers in better segmenting the casino recreational gambling market.
Originality/value
While many researchers have examined gambling motivations and even gambling motivations by venue (e.g., casino versus online), few researchers have focused on gamblers’ choice of games and even fewer have studied recreational gamblers’ motivations with a qualitatively rich approach, resulting in some useful perspectives on drivers of recreational gamblers by personal motives.
... Moreover, the differences between the three groups of gamblers (NPGs, RPGs and PPGs) are statistically significant for all dimensions of the GMQ-F scale, except for ''social'' motivation. Earlier research showed that PPGs gamble more to escape problems compared to recreational gamblers (Burlacu et al. 2013;Clarke 2008;Platz and Millar 2001), which is supported in this study. Respondents with a gambling problem have significantly higher scores than RPGs and NPGs: first, on coping, secondly, on financial motivation and then on enhancement. ...
... In recent years, the emergence of web technologies, product platforms and TV broadcast rights transformed the online gambling industry into a worldwide $452 billion business . Clients of the 2 online sports betting industry dream of "beating the bookies" and, most often, find in the adrenaline and excitement of their risky gambling activities an escape from the boredom of everyday life (Blaszczynski, McConaghy, & Frankova, 1990;Lee, Chae, Lee, & Kim, 2007;Loroz, 2004;Platz & Millar, 2001) . To maximize profit, bookmakers employ teams of data scientists to analyze decades of sports data and develop highly accurate models for predicting the outcome of sports events (Cantinotti, Ladouceur, & Jacques, 2004;García, Pérez, & Rodríguez, 2016) . ...
The online sports gambling industry employs teams of data analysts to build forecast models that turn the odds at sports games in their favour. While several betting strategies have been proposed to beat bookmakers, from expert prediction models and arbitrage strategies to odds bias exploitation, their returns have been inconsistent and it remains to be shown that a betting strategy can outperform the online sports betting market. We designed a strategy to beat football bookmakers with their own numbers. Instead of building a forecasting model to compete with bookmakers predictions, we exploited the probability information implicit in the odds publicly available in the marketplace to find bets with mispriced odds. Our strategy proved profitable in a 10-year historical simulation using closing odds, a 6-month historical simulation using minute to minute odds, and a 5-month period during which we staked real money with the bookmakers. Our results demonstrate that the football betting market is inefficient - bookmakers can be consistently beaten across thousands of games in both simulated environments and real-life betting. We provide a detailed description of our betting experience to illustrate how the sports gambling industry compensates these market inefficiencies with discriminatory practices against successful clients.
... Moreover, the differences between the three groups of gamblers (NPGs, RPGs and PPGs) are statistically significant for all dimensions of the GMQ-F scale, except for ''social'' motivation. Earlier research showed that PPGs gamble more to escape problems compared to recreational gamblers (Burlacu et al. 2013;Clarke 2008;Platz and Millar 2001), which is supported in this study. Respondents with a gambling problem have significantly higher scores than RPGs and NPGs: first, on coping, secondly, on financial motivation and then on enhancement. ...
Gambling behavior is partly the result of varied motivations leading individuals to participate in gambling activities. Specific motivational profiles are found in gamblers, and gambling motives are closely linked to the development of cognitive distortions. This cross-sectional study aimed to predict cognitive distortions from gambling motives in poker players. The population was recruited in online gambling forums. Participants reported gambling at least once a week. Data included sociodemographic characteristics, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial and the Gambling-Related Cognition Scale. This study was conducted on 259 male poker gamblers (aged 18-69 years, 14.3% probable pathological gamblers). Univariate analyses showed that cognitive distortions were independently predicted by overall gambling motives (34.8%) and problem gambling (22.4%) (p < .05). The multivariate model, including these two variables, explained 39.7% of cognitive distortions (p < .05). The results associated with the literature data highlight that cognitive distortions are a good discriminating factor of gambling problems, showing a close inter-relationship between gambling motives, cognitive distortions and the severity of gambling. These data are consistent with the following theoretical process model: gambling motives lead individuals to practice and repeat the gambling experience, which may lead them to develop cognitive distortions, which in turn favor problem gambling. This study opens up new research perspectives to understand better the mechanisms underlying gambling practice and has clinical implications in terms of prevention and treatment. For example, a coupled motivational and cognitive intervention focused on gambling motives/cognitive distortions could be beneficial for individuals with gambling problems.
... The need for achievement, in conjunction with a need for excellence, can be associated with gambling behaviors and self-esteem (Lee et al., 2006;Loroz, 2004), while affiliation is associated with the need for social interactions, previously identified with gambling motivations (Kinnunen and Mäyrä, 2014;Lee et al., 2006), as well as with escaping the monotony of daily life (Loroz, 2004). Finally, the need for power may be associated with a need to be acknowledged by others (Winter, 1973) or even excitement (Platz and Millar, 2001). We now turn to our methodology and findings. ...
Researchers have extensively studied gambling motivations and behaviors, with most research focusing on one type of gambling activity or on one type of gambler (problem or recreational). Little research has focused on the differences in motivations between the various types of gambling activities or the various types of gamblers. Furthermore, no study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, conceptually attempts to understand the multiple control mechanisms that influence gambling motivations or the external experiences a gambler may encounter that impact and change these control mechanisms and motivations. This research seeks to address these gaps in the literature by conceptually developing a framework that examines the flow of gambling motivations and behavior through the perceived locus of control and self-control the gambler displays and examines the external events or experiences that impact this flow. Furthermore, this framework distinguishes and compares the differences in flow as affected by these two control mechanisms through various gaming activities.
... Poser la question de la fonction des jeux de hasard et d'argent renvoie pour partie à la question de la motivation du sujet à s'adonner à cette activité (qu'il s'agisse de la motivation consciente ou inconsciente du joueur). D'une façon générale et au-delà du facteur financier, les joueurs jouent pour de nombreuses raisons : pour le plaisir, pour rêver, pour lutter contre l'ennui (Lam, 2007 ;Back et al., 2011 ;Burlacu et al., 2013), pour les sensations, l'excitation (Platz et Millar, 2001), pour échapper à la routine (Loroz, 2004), pour se défouler ou se détendre (Burlacu et al., 2013), pour se socialiser (Lee et al., 2006), etc. Néanmoins, les joueurs n'étant pas une population homogène, la motivation diffère selon le type de joueur. Selon la classification de Kusyszyn (1972), on peut distinguer plusieurs types de joueurs. ...
Les jeux de hasard et d’argent sont une pratique très ancienne dont la popularité ne cesse de croître. Comment expliquer cet engouement pour cette activité ? Quelle est sa fonction dans l’économie psychique du sujet qui s’y adonne ? Poser la question de la fonction des jeux de hasard et d’argent renvoie pour partie à la question de la motivation du sujet à s’adonner à cette activité (qu’il s’agisse de la motivation consciente ou inconsciente du joueur). Or la motivation sera différente selon le type de joueur (qu’il s’agisse du joueur social, du tricheur, du professionnel ou du joueur pathologique). De plus, la motivation sera également différente selon le type de joueur pathologique et selon le type de jeu auquel il joue. En effet, plusieurs études récentes (la plupart menées chez des joueurs pathologiques) ont montré que le profil des joueurs variait selon le type de jeu auquel ils s’adonnaient et ce, en termes de données sociodémographiques, de traits de personnalité et de dimensions psychopathologiques. L’étude de la fonction du jeu ou encore de la motivation du joueur offre des perspectives intéressantes en termes de recherches et d’application pratique. En effet, cela permet d’une part d’améliorer la typologie des joueurs et ainsi d’adapter au mieux les modalités de prise en charge de ces sujets. Par ailleurs, la compréhension de la motivation et du lien avec l’implication dans le jeu peut également contribuer à améliorer les messages de prévention en matière de jeux de hasard et d’argent.
... Moreover, the differences between the three groups of gamblers (NPGs, RPGs and PPGs) are statistically significant for all dimensions of the GMQ-F scale, except for ''social'' motivation. Earlier research showed that PPGs gamble more to escape problems compared to recreational gamblers (Burlacu et al. 2013;Clarke 2008;Platz and Millar 2001), which is supported in this study. Respondents with a gambling problem have significantly higher scores than RPGs and NPGs: first, on coping, secondly, on financial motivation and then on enhancement. ...
... Enhancement motives describe those who gamble for fun or excitement (cf. Back, Lee, & Stinchfield, 2011;Platz & Millar, 2001). Social motives include gambling to socialize with other people or gambling because one's friends do (cf. ...
Using a mixed-method exploratory approach we describe and explain the seemingly non-normative behaviors of highly identified fans who Bet Against their Favorite Teams (BAFT). Axial coding of qualitative data from 190 survey respondents and two focus groups indicates the emergence of common themes allowing a typology to unfold that explains the motives for and against BAFTing. Results reveal that Gamblers BAFT for reasons un-related to fandom. Hedgers, on the other hand, BAFT precisely because they are fans; they offset a perceived impending emotional loss with a financial gain, a behavior we identify as Hedging Against Future Failure (HAFFing). This research expands the theoretical knowledge of indirect tactics of image management and introduces HAFFing as a transactional, proactive, and private coping mechanism utilized by highly identified fans to regulate their psychological health. Beyond the implications for researchers of self-image management, these results are applicable to global sport managers adapting to the rising prominence and societal acceptance of sport gambling.
... Ces clubs représentent d'ailleurs leur endroit de prédilection pour jouer. Globalement, les raisons de jouer à des JHA invoquées par les personnes âgées s'apparentent à celles des joueurs plus jeunes (Ferland, Fournier, Ladouceur, & Giroux, 2009), qui disent le faire notamment pour s'amuser (Azmier, 2000;Platz & Millar, 2001), parce qu'ils ont l'espoir de réaliser un gain (Azmier, 2000;Park, Yang, Lee, Jang, & Stokowski, 2002), pour socialiser (Azmier, 2000;Lee, Rovers, & MacLean, 2006) ou pour fuir les problèmes quotidiens (Azmier, 2000;Loroz, 2004). Cependant, contrairement aux plus jeunes, les joueurs âgés mentionnent jouer davantage pour échapper à l'ennui que pour gagner de l'argent (Desai, Maciejewski, Dausey, Caldarone, & Potenza, 2004). ...
Gambling habits of people aged 55 years and over without gambling problems are rarely being investigated. In order to document life events and to identify the impacts of gambling on quality of life, 19 participants aged 55 to 74 years without gambling problems, male and female, were assembled in three focus groups. Qualitative content analysis of the groups reveals changes in gambling habits associated with transition to retirement and occurrence of health problems. The content analysis further reveals a variety of positive and negative consequences of gambling habits on finances, hobbies, social relationships, and psychological health. Although the focus groups did not target the structural or environmental characteristics of gambling that influence participants’ gambling habits, those themes were brought up spontaneously. Results highlight the necessity to study life events from a larger perspective including, for example, protective and risk factors, in order to better understand the life contexts and the individual characteristics that may lead to an alteration or not of gambling habits. © 2016, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. All rights reserved.
... Gambling is an incidental or impulsive "purchase" induced by the casino atmosphere (Prentice, 2013), and becomes a part of recreational activities during visitors' stay at the premises. Their recreational-minded gambling is least likely developed into addition (Platz and Millar, 2001;Schreiber et al., 2012). Instead, these customers, according to Klebanow (2009), tend to establish relationships with casino employees and other gamblers, and ultimately remain loyal to the casino brand and become a profitable market segment once they feel comfortable in the social circle of a particular casino. ...
Academics and practitioners are increasingly interested in how branding and service may affect consumer behaviors. In view of intensifying competition in the casino industry, understanding these relationships would help casino operators achieve competitive advantage. The current study draws on the relevant marketing literature, and examines the antecedents, moderators and consequences of consumer buying behaviors, with a focus on impulsive buying in the casino settings. The proposed antecedents are casino service environment and employee service. Customer brand attachment and loyalty behaviors are modeled as consequences, and casino brand equity as a cross-level moderator. A quantitative method was employed for the purpose of this study. The survey was undertaken at 22 major casinos in Macau through a multilevel design. Results show that the casino service environment indeed induces impulsive gambling. Whilst employee service has little influence on impulsive gambling, the effect is enhanced by casino brand equity. Employee service is particularly salient for casinos with low brand equity. Impulsive gambling does have significant influence on loyalty outcomes through the mediating effect of brand attachment. Brand equity also demonstrates cross-level linear and nonlinear effects on the chain relationship, with the linear effect significantly larger. Implications for practitioners and the literature are provided to conclude the paper.
... Five general motives for gambling, with some variations, appear in most of the literature: social, monetary, enhancement (or excitement/amusement/self-esteem), challenge (or learning/knowledge) and coping (or escape/avoidance) (Binde 2009(Binde , 2013Fang and Mowen 2009;Wardle et al. 2011). Some studies with more targeted samples have yielded more contextual factors, such as ''gambling for exploration'' in a student population (Platz and Millar 2001), ''exploring scenery and culture'' for South Korean casino visitors (Lee et al. 2009) or ''charitable reasons'' for those who gamble to support worthy causes (McGrath et al. 2010). ...
Background: Motives for gambling have been shown to be associated with gambling involvement, and hence important in the understanding of the etiology of problem gambling. The aim of this study was to describe differences in gambling motives in different subgroups of lifetime risk gamblers, categorized by: age, gender, alcohol- and drug habits and type of game preferred, when considering the level of risk gambling.
Methods: A random Swedish sample (n = 19 530) was screened for risk gambling, using the Lie/Bet questionnaire. The study sample (n = 257) consisted of the respondents screening positive on Lie/Bet and completing a postal questionnaire about gambling and motives for gambling (measured with the NODS-PERC and the RGQ respectively).
Results: When considering the level of risk gambling, motives for gambling were not associated with gender, whereas younger persons gambled for the challenge more often than did older participants. Card/Casino and Sport gamblers played to a greater extent for social and challenge reasons then did Lotto/Bingo-gamblers. EGM-gamblers played more for coping reasons than did Lotto/Bingo gamblers. However, this association turned non-significant when considering the level of risk gambling. Moderate risk gamblers played for the challenge and coping reasons to a greater extent than low risk gamblers.
Conclusion: motives for gambling differ across subgroups of preferred game and between gamblers with low and moderate risk. The level of risk gambling is intertwined with motives for gambling and should be considered when examining gambling reasons.
... Poser la question de la fonction des jeux de hasard et d'argent renvoie pour partie à la question de la motivation du sujet à s'adonner à cette activité (qu'il s'agisse de la motivation consciente ou inconsciente du joueur). D'une façon générale et au-delà du facteur financier, les joueurs jouent pour de nombreuses raisons : pour le plaisir, pour rêver, pour lutter contre l'ennui (Lam, 2007 ;Back et al., 2011 ;Burlacu et al., 2013), pour les sensations, l'excitation (Platz et Millar, 2001), pour échapper à la routine (Loroz, 2004), pour se défouler ou se détendre (Burlacu et al., 2013), pour se socialiser (Lee et al., 2006), etc. Néanmoins, les joueurs n'étant pas une population homogène, la motivation diffère selon le type de joueur. Selon la classification de Kusyszyn (1972), on peut distinguer plusieurs types de joueurs. ...
Gambling is a very ancient practice whose popularity continues to grow. How can we explain the craze for this activity? What is its function in the psychic economy of the subject? The question of the function of gambling refers in part to the issue of motivation of the subject to indulge in this activity (both conscious and unconscious motivation of the player). However, the motivation will be different according to the type of player (either the social gambler, cheat, professional or pathological gambler). In addition, the motivation will also be different depending on the pathological gambler and the type of game he plays. Indeed, several recent studies (mostly conducted on pathological gamblers) showed that the profile of players varied by the type of game they engaged in and in terms of socio-demographic data, personality traits and psychopathological dimensions. The study of the function of the game or the motivation of the player offers interesting perspectives in terms of research and practical application. Indeed, it allows one hand to improve the typology of players and so to better adapt the procedure for taking charge of these matters. Moreover, understanding the motivation and the link with the involvement in the game can also help improve prevention messages for gambling and money.
... Based on the suggestions above, this paper investigates the relationships between gamblers' erroneous cognitions and their level of gambling involvement and gambling addiction. In addition, because the literature has speculated that gambling involvement has a positive effect on dysfunctional gambling (Griffiths and Barnes, 2008;Joukhador et al., 2004;Moodie, 2008;Platz and Millar, 2001;Wiebe et al., 2001), such a relationship is also explored. Finally, a mediating role of involvement in the relationship between gamblers' erroneous cognitions and gambling addiction is hypothesised. ...
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gambler’s cognitive errors affect gambling involvement and addiction. As the popularity of gambling has grown, questions are being raised about its excessive use and factors related to addictive behaviours.
Design/methodology/approach
– An online survey on 508 gamblers was conducted. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationships among gambling beliefs, gambling involvement and problem gambling.
Findings
– Among the three sets of erroneous beliefs investigated, luck and superstition were significant predictors of both gambling involvement and the severity of gambling problems (according to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI)), while the illusion of control showed a negative relationship with the PGSI. Moreover, gambling involvement positively affected the potential risk of disease and mediates the relationship between luck and superstition and PGSI.
Research limitations/implications
– Because not all cognitive dimensions apparently influence gambling behaviour, future research should extend the analysis to include other variables that may moderate or mediate the causal relationship.
Practical implications
– The results are useful to marketers in developing social marketing campaigns wishing to discourage gambling. Moreover, factors that influence gambling involvement and addiction may be used as diagnostic tools to correct gamblers behaviour.
Originality/value
– The paper proposes a deeper exploration of the relationships among beliefs, gambling involvement and dysfunctional gambling and an appropriate scale to capture the entire spectrum of gambler’s beliefs in relation to every form of gambling activity.
... The main reason we choose this setting is that peers seemed to play significant role in affecting consumption behavior in this industry. This is based on previous research that documents that one of the most important motivations to visit a casino and play games is social i.e., being with others such as family and friends Platz and Millar (2001);Lee et al. (2006). Anecdotal feedback from industry sources also suggests that frequent visitors to the casino visit more often with others than alone. ...
In markets where multiple agents coexist, decisions across agents can be interdependent. A consumer's decisions about what product to purchase or how much to consume could be influenced by the decisions his or her peers make (e.g., family members, friends, and neighbors). Likewise, when firms make decisions about actions such as entry, pricing, product development, and location, they also consider how other firms' behaviors could affect their sales. This research explores how to quantify these interdependences across both consumers and firms based on behavioral data (also known as "revealed choice data"), while also accounting for confounding factors using econometrics methods.
The first essay explores the interdependence across consumers. In this study, we extend the previous literature on consumption in various settings by accounting for exogenous factors that could change the peer's behavior (the exogenous peer effect) and whether the peer is present at the time of consumption but does not consume (the peer presence effect) in addition to the typically modeled endogenous peer effect (how one's behavior is influenced directly by the peer's behavior). We develop a simultaneous equation model that allows us to identify all three peer effects simultaneously and apply it to behavioral data from a casino gambling setting.
In the second essay, we extend the context to measuring the interdependence among firms' decisions by focusing on the location choices of retailers. An agglomeration of retailers providing different goods can create positive spillovers by attracting multi-purpose shoppers. An interesting notion is that these multi-purpose shoppers may travel farther to visit a store with other retailers nearby than patronizing a standalone store. In the present study, we quantify the agglomeration effect as the increase in the catchment area for retailers. We develop a multinomial choice model and apply it to a consumer store choice data. We measure the increase in consumers' likelihood of visiting a particular grocery store during peak demand periods for non-grocery stores located in the vicinity of the grocer. Based on this measure, we then infer the increase in the catchment area that a retailer could enjoy by locating next to other types of stores.
... The opportunities to gamble have increased exponentially in recent decades (Welte et al. 2014). In the early 70s, casino gambling was only available in Nevada and 13 other states offered lottery gambling (Platz and Millar 2001). Today, all states but Utah and Hawaii have legalized some form of gambling activities (National Conference of State Legislatures 2012). ...
This study uniquely evaluates the prevalence of recreational gambling, and co-occurring conditions prior to gambling expansion in Massachusetts (MA), and assesses associations between gambling and co-occurring behavioral, and mental health disorders. Data are derived from the 2008 MA Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Logistic regression models to obtain multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with gambling are performed. Prevalence of recreational gambling in MA is 40.2 % (95 % CI 38.2–42.1). Gamblers are more likely to be obese (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.0–1.7; p < 0.05), smoke heavily (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.1–4.6; p < 0.05), use alcohol (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.0–1.6; p < 0.05), and prescription drugs (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.1–1.6; p < 0.05). Gamblers are also more likely to self-report their health status as good compared to excellent (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.0–1.7; p < 0.05), and to have 14 or less days of poor mental health (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.1–1.9; p < 0.01). Recreational gambling is significantly associated with obesity, alcohol consumption, heavy smoking, prescription drug use, and poor mental health. Early public health interventions before gambling expansion are of critical importance.
... We also found motivational factors' positive links with gambling urge, gambling problem, and positive perceived norms. These findings were consistent with the previous ones reporting stronger gambling motives (including material gains, boredom alleviation, emotion relief, and excitement seeking) among problem gamblers than non-problem gamblers (Chiu and Woo 2012;Clarke 2004;Clarke et al. 2007;Platz and Millar 2001;Stewart and Zack 2008;C. S. Tang and Wu 2012). ...
Given the high prevalence of adolescent gambling involvement and disorder, this study adapted the revised version of the Inventory of Gambling Motives, Attitudes and Behaviors to an adolescent version (GMAB-A) with a cross-sectional survey of 809 Chinese high school students (41.6 % females, M
age = 16.86, SD
age = 1.36) in Macao, China. Confirmatory factor analyses generally supported the original factor structure. The GMAB-A consisted of six, four, and four factors in the motivational, attitudinal, and behavioral domains respectively after refinement. The factor scores were correlated with the criterion variables such as disordered gambling symptoms in the expected directions, and their reliabilities were satisfying. Our findings also suggest that the attitudinal subscales are applicable to non-gamblers. In addition to its application on research, the GMAB-A can be used as an enquiring tool for gambling cognitions and behaviors and thus facilitate devising intervention programs for adolescent gambling disorder.
... Recent research in erroneous gamblingrelated beliefs (EGRBs) investigates cultural and idiosyncratic beliefs that contribute to the maintenance of cognitive distortions and extended gambling sessions (e.g., Ohtsuka & Chan, 2010;Ohtsuka & Ejova, 2014). Research indicates that pathological gamblers gamble to win, for excitement and risk-taking, control and power and to test their skills based on the notion that they can beat the odds (Platz & Millar, 2001). These risk taking tendencies are significantly related to many forms of compulsive consumption behavior (Kwak, Zinkhan, & Roushanzamir, 2004). ...
This study investigates whether customer contact employees can identify difficulties in managing gambling behavior among the diverse groups of patrons that frequent gambling venues. The researchers recruited employees from non-casino gambling venues located in areas with a high concentration of residents considered vulnerable to problem gambling. The results reveal that venue employees are capable of recognizing signs of difficulties in controlling time and money spent on gambling and can distinguish differences in behavior between age, gender and specific cultural groups. Young men emerged as most vulnerable to problem gambling, however, venue employees had little sympathy for these patrons. The study contributes to the literature on how recreational gamblers manage their gambling behavior and has implications for venue management and gambling policy.
... The experience of an early wins may also contribute to irrational beliefs of control and excessive gambling by giving players an unrealistic belief in their ability to keep winning with continued play (Griffiths, 1990(Griffiths, , 1993a(Griffiths, , 1995Sharpe, 2002;Turner, et al., 2006). Some research has found that problem gamblers were more likely to endorse winning money as an important motivation compared to non-problem gamblers (Clarke, 2008;Platz & Millar, 2001;Volberg, 2003;Wood, et al., 2004). However, qualitative studies with problem gamblers have showed that gambling solely as a means of winning money was not a major preoccupation once the chasing behaviour had been excluded (Brown & Coventry, 1997;Doiron & Mazer, 2001;Griffiths, 1990Griffiths, , 1993bKimberley, 2005;Morrison, 2004;). ...
There are many influences on gambling and gambling harm. This study examines the life patterns of a group of gamblers (including no risk, low risk, moderate risk and problem gamblers). The study found that most gamblers had been exposed to gambling at an early stage but that high risk gamblers had also experienced negative early environments. Gambling motivations varied, with problem gamblers commonly discussing gambling to escape emotional pain and life stresses. Gambling to win money related to a desire to change life and gambling as a skill or challenge was important to those who gambled on skill based games. Gambling as a social experience was another important motivator for some participants. Gambling had resulted in negative impacts for high risk gamblers in particular. Examination of life course shoed that patterns of gambling were very fluid over the life course with behavior changing in response to various events in participants' lives.
... Because the expected value of gambling in a commercial environment is almost always negative when considered in purely monetary terms (Turner & Horbay, 2004), individuals who choose to gamble must expect to derive some non-monetary utility from commercial gambling. These expected utilities are reflected in gambling motivations, which may include excitement and fun, to escape from tension, to cope with problems, to socialise with other people and to win money (Clarke, 2004;Lee, Lee, Bernhard & Yoon, 2006;Loroz, 2004;Park et al., 2002;Platz & Millar, 2001;Wardle et al., 2011). One five-factor model of gambling motivations classifies them into the excitement motive, the socialisation motive, the avoidance motive, the monetary motive and the amusement motive (Lee, Chae, Lee, & Kim, 2007). ...
Motivations to gamble are known to vary by gender and by type of gambling form, with stronger motivations associated with problem gambling. However, little is known about cultural differences in gambling motivations, with most previous research based on mainstream western populations and providing little insight into gambling motivations amongst minority groups. This chapter helps to address this gap in knowledge by examining gambling motivations amongst 1,259 Indigenous Australian respondents to a gambling survey conducted at several Indigenous cultural and sporting events, in Aboriginal communities and online. This survey represents the largest quantitative study of Australian Indigenous gambling to date. Differences in gambling motivations were examined between male and female Indigenous Australians, by main gambling form and by problem gambling severity. While motive orientations were similar to those found in general population surveys, the strength of these motives was proportionately higher amongst the Indigenous Australians, particularly amongst problem gamblers. In particular, the general tendency for women with gambling problems to gamble on electronic gaming machines (EGMs) as an avoidance-based coping mechanism was mirrored in this study, but of additional concern is the higher proportion of Indigenous women who gamble to escape compared to general population figures. Substantial proportions of indigenous men also reported escape-motivated gambling. While substantial efforts are needed to reduce life problems amongst Indigenous Australians and the social and structural inequities they face, providing alternative stress-reduction diversionary activities, promoting better coping strategies and targeted public messaging would also be beneficial to limit gambling-associated harm for this population.
Even though online gambling in Thailand is currently illegal, there have been increasing numbers of participation during adolescence. This can result in delinquency, adverse mental health and poor academic achievement. The article aimed to examine influence of gambling motives on online gambling model of undergraduates in Thailand and to investigate moderating effects of demographic and online gambling behavioral characteristics behave while testing the models. The research was a quantitative research using questionnaire with reliability value at 0.874. Data were collected by approaching purposive selection and quota sampling. Thailand was divided into 6 regions and collecting data from 70 current undergraduates experienced with online gambling in each region. Multiple regression was used to examine influence of gambling motives on online gambling model. Furthermore, the sample was categorized as sectors with various genders, incomes, gambling activities engagement and levels of online gambling behaviors including frequency, experience and expenditure. The models which had these demographic and online gambling behavioral aspects role as moderators were estimated separately for each moderator by using multi-group analysis. The results found that all gambling motives significantly influenced online gambling of undergraduates in Thailand (R 2 =.656). Interestingly, the most significant influential variables were socialization (β=.365), winning (β=.354), escape (β=.335) and challenge (β=.105) respectively. Moreover, all moderating effects with exception of income and gambling activity engagement had statistically significant differences in the gambling motives influencing online gambling models among subsamples. Although, gambling motives behave differently in each model which had those aspects, only challenge insignificantly influenced on majority subsamples. Socialization played a greater role in female undergraduates. In addition, all subsamples with serious level of online gambling behaviors were significantly influenced by winning. Therefore, it is beneficial for parental and educational institutes to understand intrinsic and extrinsic gambling motives and provide potentially preventive measures to different subsamples accurately.
With the evolution of web technology, users provide us with an enormous amount of voluntary and involuntary data that can generate extraordinarily rich information for the promotion of tourism products, which is why the importance of this work lies in exploring, analysing and organising the feelings provoked after viewing a promotional video.
This work is based on sentiment analysis (SA) and, in particular, on the analysis of the facial experience within SA, which is based on a series of technologies framed in neuromarketing that are experiencing great growth given the importance of information supported by audiovisual media, in particular video.
This work presents a study on the feelings found in the exhibition of promotional videos of a certain tourist destination, finding interesting conclusions based on the identification of different emotional valences such as: fear, anger, joy, sadness, contempt, disgust and surprise, the same ones described by the psychologist Paul Ekman. For this purpose, algorithmic facial recognition techniques based on positional vectors are used.
The results obtained reveal the importance of content in tourism promotion and, in particular, resolve and facilitate methodologies to generate demographically segmented and effective content for each target tourist audience.
Despite the recent proliferation of legal online gambling in the Unites States, offshore gambling sites still remain prevalent, causing various problems in the U.S. Although numerous law violations occur in this domain, prior research has reported limited information about offshore gambling, mostly focusing on offshore gamblers’ characteristics and motivations. Using routine activities theory, this study attempted to understand environmental and theoretical factors that affect the use of offshore sites by focusing on offshore gambling-generating contexts that involve offshore sites and online casino reviews. Major findings show that the online visibility of offshore sites may be a key predictor of the use of the sites by U.S. players. In addition, online casino reviews providing a blacklist of online gambling sites served as informal guardians, helping players avoid unreliable offshore gambling sites that pose a risk to their customers. Policy implications were suggested based on the findings and provided insights toward effective online gambling regulatory efforts.
This study seeks to examine local community perspectives toward gaming development in China. It seeks to develop a framework for understanding socio-cultural acceptance of gaming development through examining the impacts of social influence and community attachment to gaming development support via the mediation of perceived social and economic impacts. A pilot test was conducted with 191 respondents prior to the main survey, which yielded 694 complete responses. The research found perceived positive social impact was the most important factor influencing support for gaming development. Residents who perceived themselves as having a certain degree of social influence felt gaming had stronger positive impacts than negative impacts and, consequently, they were supportive of further gaming development. There are direct positive relationships between residents' community attachment and perceived positive social impacts of gaming. The study concludes with implications for theory and practice, limitations and future research directions.
Sports betting is a burgeoning although potentially harmful leisure pursuit among young men. Young men are a vulnerable group for developing harmful gambling behaviors, yet little is known around drivers of their sports betting participation. Informed by self-determination theory (SDT), qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews and focus groups with Australian men ages 18–34. Sports betting was driven by individualized, interrelated webs of motives reflecting five SDT behavioral regulations, geared around satisfying innate psychological needs of relatedness and competence. While autonomous motivation was noted, environmental factors generating controlled motivation appeared significant in stimulating the young men’s sports betting as they sought to construct social identities in the context of hegemonic Australian cultural ideals. This research contributes nuanced insights into young men’s sports betting motivations and sets out a future research agenda.
The aim of this report is to review evidence and theory regarding the gambling
product through its structural characteristics (i.e., the ‘agent’ component of the
epidemiological triangle). By providing a better understanding of structural
characteristics, stakeholders should be better equipped to promote and evaluate
responsible gambling and harm-minimisation strategies. Structural characteristics are essentially the building blocks of a gambling game. They are the basis for their differential appeal depending on how they satisfy
different needs for different consumers. They combine with environmental and individual factors to determine both positive and negative outcomes of gambling participation. Structural characteristics vary considerably from game to game and evolve quickly in response to changes in technology; this renders associated policymaking challenging. The report is structured to consider categories of structural characteristics. Within
each section we consider the theory and evidence concerning the possible links between characteristics and gambling problems, together with potential implications for specific interventions that may merit consideration by regulators and commercial gambling providers.
The number of tourists visiting casino resorts has risen in recent years. Tourists often view gambling as a leisure activity option that they can participate in during their holiday. This study aims to investigate the motives that influence tourists’ gambling intention. A list of potential motives is derived from the extensive tourism literature, and a sample including 462 respondents was collected in Macau. The survey results indicate that benefits, learning, pleasure, costing, and socialization are all motives for tourists to engage in recreational gambling. However, adventure, relaxation, prestige, and winning are not influencing factors among tourists who gamble during their trip. The study also explores the moderating roles of gender, age, and educational level on the relationship between different motives and gambling intention. Understanding the motives for why tourists gamble is useful for integrated resort operators to formulate marketing strategies for attracting tourists.
In the last few decades, while gambling has become one of the most profitable industries, with gross revenue of $54 billion annually in the U.S, gambling participation among U.S. college students has been increased as well. Because there is a lack of research on motivations behind gambling participation among college students, the purpose of this study is to examine the current gambling participation and motivation of students at a northeastern U.S. college, which is located near a commercial casino. A total of 362 students were surveyed. The finding of this study indicated that the nearby land-based casino directly impacted the students' leisure lifestyle and the majority of students were recreational gamblers with no sign of serious problems associated with their gambling participation. However, male students were more likely to be problem gamblers than female students and were more likely to be motivated by winning money while engaging in gambling activities. Moreover, students who were involved in the gambling participation more often tended to have lower GPA scores.
As companies have an increasing impact on society, their social activities have been focused on numerous studies. However, many studies of corporate social responsibility (CSR) did not consider that CSR can be appeared differently depending on the nature of industry. In this regard, responsible gambling (RG) is very important concept as one of the CSR to minimize negative social effects in casino setting. A corporate which implements RG has a significant impact on attitude of employees who are member of the corporate company in terms of social identity theory. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine relationships among responsible gambling (RG), organizational trust, job satisfaction, and job loyalty to casino employees.As a result of structural equation modeling for the relationships, each RG (compulsory RG, supplementary RG) had significant impacts on organizational trust, which influenced both job satisfaction and job loyalty. Also, job satisfaction had an effect on job loyalty. Based on the result, academic and practical implications were provided.
As the only casino in the country to accept domestic patronage, Korea's Kangwon Land Casino was first introduced to revitalize a local economy no longer sustained by coal mining. In investigating this initiative, this study aims to identify the factors that attract domestic visitors
to the casino, via a survey of visitors to the site and an analysis of visitor responses. The study firstly outlines and explains why a casino development was chosen to revitalize the local economy, and how areas formally classified for mining were rejuvenated and newly designated districts
of tourism and tourism promotion. The investigation then presents the core findings of the study, focusing on visitor satisfaction to the site, along with areas of the site requiring further improvement based on the findings. In sum, the study assists planners to more successfully develop
casinos in coordination with local residents, enhancing the capacity of casino developments to revitalize local areas in the longer term. The study offers valuable suggestions for casino development, above all in its initial stages and especially within Asian contexts.
Why do gamblers spend their leisure time and money on gambling? The motives of gamblers are explored using data collected in a casino via ethnographic participant observation. The interpretation presented here combines data with insights from prior research and theories of gambling and experiential consumption. Gambling motives are presented in a three-dimensional typology showing that motives for consuming gambling experiences include learning and evaluating, seeking a "rush", self-definition, risk-taking, cognitive self-classification, emotional self-classification, competing, and communing. The research thus advances understanding of gambling beyond previously hypothesized economic, symbolic, and hedonic motives. Although created in a gambling domain, the typology presented has more general implications for how leisure consumption is treated both theoretically and empirically in future research.
This study explores the underlying personal meanings of gambling behavior from the perspective of enduring involvement and considers the relationships among gambling and gender, level of participation, and illusion of control. Based on a self-administered survey of gambling visitors to Black Hawk, Colora, the study found three underlying factors of gambling involvement: (1) self-identity, (2) pleasure/importance, and (3) centrality. The study also found gender differences in gambling involvement, suggesting that male participants tended to view gambling as a form of self-enhancement or self-expression more strongly than did female participants. Management and research implications drawn from these findings are discussed.
The recommendation of the Pillai-Bartlett trace
V for general use as the test statistic in multivariate ANOVA is reexamined and reaffirmed in light of criticisms by J. P. Stevens (see record
1979-25171-001). Empirical data are presented show that the
V test's substantial robustness advantage does not require extreme violations of assumptions, and examples are cited to show the occurrence in practice of the type of heteroscedasticity in which the
V test particularly excels and the occurrence of the pattern of population mean differences for which the
V test is more powerful than its rivals. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a validated, reliable instrument for detecting gambling problems, and the South Oaks Leisure Activities Screen (SOLAS), a companion screening tool for use with significant others, have been employed in a variety of settings and in several languages. This paper focuses on adapting the SOGS for use in various cultures and localities, discusses the authors' 1992 revision of the SOGS, and includes both the revised SOGS and the SOLAS.
Following a critique and revision of the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling in DSM-III, a field trial of the revised criteria was conducted. Four groups of individuals (762 in all) were surveyed: Gamblers Anonymous members, college students, hospital employees, and outpatients in treatment for pathological gambling. The revised criteria were found to discriminate effectively between pathological gamblers and others. In order to refine the cutoff point, the results on the DSM-III revision were compared to the South Oaks Gambling Screen, a valid, reliable instrument for screening pathological gamblers (Lesieur & Blume, 1987). A cutoff point of four or more items was found to be optimal in diagnosing pathological gamblers.
The South Oaks Gambling Screen is a 20-item questionnaire based on DSM-III criteria for pathological gambling. It may be self-administered or administered by nonprofessional or professional interviewers. A total of 1,616 subjects were involved in its development: 867 patients with diagnoses of substance abuse and pathological gambling, 213 members of Gamblers Anonymous, 384 university students, and 152 hospital employees. Independent validation by family members and counselors was obtained for the calibration sample, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability were established. The instrument correlates well with the criteria of the revised version of DSM-III (DSM-III-R). It offers a convenient means to screen clinical populations of alcoholics and drug abusers, as well as general populations, for pathological gambling.
Concerns about student gambling behavior are often based on the popular opinion that students gamble all the time, that students spend too much money gambling, and that students readily become addicted to gambling. The purpose of this study was to examine whether popular opinions related to student gambling are factually based. This was done by examining the relationship among demo-graphics, gambling practices, and views of personal gambling practices of Central Michigan University students. The study results suggest that these popular opin-ions regarding student gambling may not be factual, or at least may not be as serious as initially perceived.
A sample of fifty-seven pathological gamblers and one hundred and fifteen controls (two per pathological gambler, matched as regards age and sex) was investigated. This sample received a complex battery of psychometric tests designed to evaluate two different axes: psychopathology and intelligence. The results obtained show that pathological gamblers have an unstable family and work background, that pathological gambling correlates with other addictions (alcohol, illness prone behavior, absenteeism, risk working, living alone and bereavement), that all the general and specific psychopathology vectors were significant in the addicts, and that the pathological gamblers' intelligence has characteristic factors.
This paper addresses a debate that has emerged in the field of pathological gambling research. This debate concerns measurement of the prevalence of pathological gambling in the general population. Two instruments have been used to measure prevalence in the United States, the South Oaks Gambling Screen and the Cumulative Clinical Signs Method. These instruments are described and several problems with the statistical properties of the Cumulative Clinical Signs Method are discussed. The authors conclude with a call for continued research in the area of prevalence studies of pathological gambling.
Two procedures for scoring the Recreation Experience Preference scales were investigated from using data obtained from respondents engaged in outdoor recreational activities in Pennsylvania (N = 463) and Michigan (N = 1531). Both scoring procedures were judged to yield acceptable levels of reliability and concurrent validity. In field situations where there is less time to question respondents, the briefer domain scoring strategy is preferred. When respondent time is not an issue, the scale score strategy is recommended.
The construct validity of eight psychometric scales designed to measure the experiences that recreationists desire was investigated. A multitrait‐multimethod analysis was performed employing two Likert‐style formats, fractionation scaling and paired comparisons. The construct validity of seven of eight scales studied was verified. Implications are made concerning the use of these instruments in order to provide valid information for recreation research and planning.
Running title: Collegiate gambling. Typescript (photocopy). Abstract. Includes appendix. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1992. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-66).
Pathological gambling was officially defined and recognized as a psychiatric illness by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980. This survey reports the results of a province-wide study in Quebec based on telephone interviews using standardized assessment instruments with 1,002 subjects. The current prevalence of pathological gambling is 1.2%. The results also show that 88% of the respondents have gambled at least once in their life. The implications of these results for the prevention and treatment of this debilitating disorder are discussed.
Students from six colleges and universities in five states in the U.S. (New York, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Texas, and Nevada) were surveyed concerning their gambling behavior and the rate of pathological gambling. Type of gambling varied by state, with students in the northeast and Nevada gambling more than students in Oklahoma and Texas. Over 90% of males and 82% of females had gambled. One third of the males and 15% of females gambled once a week or more. Rates of pathological gambling ranged from 8% in New York to 4% in Nevada. The incidence of pathological gambling was high among males, Hispanics, Asians, and Italian-Americans (compared with among other whites), students with non-traffic arrests, those with parents who have gambling problems, and those who abuse alcohol and other drugs. Pathological gambling was only weakly correlated with age, religion, lower grade point average in school, overeating, living in neighborhoods that are "poorer than most," family income, and parental drug use. It was not correlated with academic year in college, marital status, parental occupation, parental alcohol, and bulimic behavior. The implications of the findings for further research and social policy are discussed.
A three-year survey of college students was conducted to ascertain the frequency and preferences of student gambling at nearby casinos in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The data suggest that gambling by underage college students is common and indicates that age control at casino entrances is quite poor. An additional finding of differential memory for wins and losses suggests the need for an information processing analysis of memory for gambling outcomes.
The prevalence of pathological gambling and problems associated with it were measured among 1,471 students of three colleges in the Quebec city metropolitan area. Almost 90% of the students had gambled and 21.7% of the students engage in this behaviour once a week or more. The prevalence of pathological gamblers was found to be 2.8% for the entire sample. The percentage of pathological gamblers was much higher among males (5.7%) than females (0.6%). The results indicate that pathological gambling is associated with economic, professional and interpersonal problems. The discussion addresses the implications of the present findings and suggests avenues for future research.
U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
- B L Driver
An overview of compulsive gambling Addictive disorders update: Alcoholism, drug abuse, gambling
- R L Custer
The positive view of gambling-Another look. Paper presented at the Second Annual Conference on Gambling
- F F Campbell
The 1997 United States gross annual wager. International Gaming and Wagering Business Magazine, supplement
- E Christiansen
Quantification of recreationists' preferences. U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
- B L Driver
Item pool for scales designed to quantify the psychological outcomes desired and expected from recreation opportunities. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (mimeographed)
- B L Driver
Compulsive gamblers: Observations on action and abstinence
- J Livingston
A comparison of leisure and gambling motives of compulsive gamblers
- C P Coyle
- W B Kinney
Casino gambling by underage patrons: Two studies of a university student population
- S Oster
- T Knapp
Using multivariate statistics
- B G Tabachnick
- L S Fidell