No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Development and implementation of a Smart City Use Case in a 5G mobile network's operator
... 5G use cases are so diverse and challenging that 5G networks must adapt to various scenarios. In his article, the author [21] emphasizes the exact procedures, objectives, and requirements necessary to implement a Smart City Use Case in a 5G mobile network operator. A similar case is raised in the ongoing research; a sequence of characteristics must be considered to execute 5G network implementation correctly and promote its deployment. ...
... Furthermore, at the local level, the deployment has been very slow in the last year due to the population contingency that believes it caused the pandemic, as stated by the author [12]. Despite this, massive and intelligent deployment has been promoted globally to mitigate this, as mentioned [21] in his article. In both cases, it is agreed that the quick and correct implementation of these networks will optimize the deployment at a global level. ...
... SDG 11's overarching goals include upgrading roads and giving everyone access to adequate, cheap, accessible, and sustainable transportation systems, etc. The existing mobile networks' capabilities are insufficient to meet a sustainable city's coverage, connection, and energy, ocean, and water needs everywhere [53]. Due to this, in order to make it possible for Internet of Things applications to be powered in a sustainable manner, a multidimensional communication network that has the capability to mix terrestrial and non-terrestrial network connectivity is required. ...
The transition from the first generation of technology, which only had an analog voice, to the fifth generation, which also had connected gadgets, gave the technology a new structure and changed how people used it. Fifth-generation wireless technology, often known as 5G, is on the cusp of reaching its potential maximum data transfer rate with a peak data throughput of 20 gigabits per second (Gbps) and a typical data transfer rate of more than 100 megabits per second (Mbps). The Internet of Things serves as the cornerstone of the future, and it is projected that by 2025, individual users will use 13 times the amount of data that we do at this time. Therefore, 5G is extremely important and the main feature of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, which was ratified by all of the Member States of the United Nations in 2015, and is the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which represent an urgent call to action for all nations. These goals are referred to collectively as the "SDGs." This study intends to examine how 5G networks might serve as important facilitators for achieving sustainability and meeting some of the 17 SDGs. This is further highlighted by evaluating the sustainability metrics for 5G networks. Ultimately, this helps to demonstrate that 5G networks are environmentally, socially, and economically responsible. This study focuses on the five primary SDGs that are important for the growth of smart cities.
... The literature discussing the Romanian smart city focused on topics such as open data and technological instruments (Oproiu et al., 2017), while most of them analysed a broader territory such as the EU or CEE (Di Leo, and Salvia, 2017). The concept has been analysed through the six dimensions. ...
In any economic dynamic, starting new businesses is vital because it generates new jobs, increases income and added value through new ideas, technologies and products needed
in society. New businesses accelerate change at the structural level and pursue the evolution of resources to produce goods and services adapted to the market (GEM, 2022). In this context, the key factors which interconnect entrepreneurship, and the labour market are public institutions and the profile of the company. Based on this nexus, the salary and social insurance policies are established, restrictive agreements are applied, aspects regarding work safety are established, all these modelling the attractiveness of the entrepreneurial environment. Consequently, employers' practices regarding salaries, investment in training, opportunities for advancement and others outline the trajectory of employee’s careers (Burton, Fairlie and Siegel, 2019). Entrepreneurship and labour market intersect in many ways through the human capital involved and the profile policies which affect entrepreneurial performance. The correlation between political factors and
entrepreneurship can lead to increased employment and reduced unemployment (Parker, 2009). In addition, the current crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine are affecting the economic environment, implicitly entrepreneurship, in the EU Member States. Therefore, through this paper we want to identify the problems underlying the development of entrepreneurship interconnected with the labour market in the EU,
and to outline the prospects of entrepreneurship-labour market construct.
Keywords: entrepreneurship; labour market; COVID-19 pandemic; current situation and prospects in the EU.
JEL Classification: L26, F16, J46, R23
... The literature discussing the Romanian smart city focused on topics such as open data and technological instruments (Oproiu et al., 2017), while most of them analysed a broader territory such as the EU or CEE (Di Leo, and Salvia, 2017). The concept has been analysed through the six dimensions. ...
A growing body of policy research has argued for the significance of idea framing in policymaking. In this study, I examine the relevance of the framing process in decisionmaking by using the case of the Mexican electricity sector—a historically contested subsystem. Using discourse network analysis (DNA), I identify and map the concepts debated between 1994 and 2018 and compare the framings used in each presidential administration to support or oppose policy change. The findings show that during periods of policy change (incremental or radical), the coherence and dominance of the framing promoting the change was greater than that of the frame rejecting it. On the contrary, during the periods in which the status quo prevailed, despite efforts to change it, the framing of ideas was not coherent or pervasive enough to achieve it. As a result, it is argued that if a policy change is to be managed, the framing process is a critical factor to consider.
... The literature discussing the Romanian smart city focused on topics such as open data and technological instruments (Oproiu et al., 2017), while most of them analysed a broader territory such as the EU or CEE (Di Leo, and Salvia, 2017). The concept has been analysed through the six dimensions. ...
This volume is the result of the project Jean Monnet Chair. EU Public Administration Integration and Resilience Studies - EU-PAIR, project no. ERASMUS-JMO-2021-HAI-TCH-RSCH-101047526, decision no. 1190440/17.02.2022, supported by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union, and reunites a selection of the papers presented at the EU-PAIR 2022 International Conference „Challenges and Dynamics of European Administrative Area”, organized at Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, in May 2022.
... The literature discussing the Romanian smart city focused on topics such as open data and technological instruments (Oproiu et al., 2017), while most of them analysed a broader territory such as the EU or CEE (Di Leo, and Salvia, 2017). The concept has been analysed through the six dimensions. ...
The study is aimed at a comparative analysis of foreign exchange markets of Romania and Ukraine and investigating their efficiency during macroeconomic instability and world uncertainty from January 2015 to February 2021. This paper is structured as follows: the first Section provides the theoretical motivation to form the general scientific view regarding the problem of world uncertainty and how to deal with macroeconomic instability in such conditions. Based on theoretical and empirical evidence in Section 2 it is outlined the econometric framework and groups of variables used for testing the three hypotheses: H1 – monetary policy instruments mitigate the national currency depreciation; H2 – monetary policy instruments correct the country’s output; H3 – the FX market is efficient during macro-instability and world uncertainty. Section 3 provides an initial specification of the behaviour of the USD/RON and USD/UAH exchange rates and main counties’ monetary indicators; structural analysis for time series stationarity (ADFtest); analysis of external shocks’ effect on the USD/RON exchange rate and Romanian economic output, as well as on the USD/UAH exchange rate and Ukrainian economic output (VAR-model and Granger causality test). In Section 4, the models’ quality is checked by summing up key findings (R2, RMSPE, roots of companion matrix, Lagrange multiplier test). Nine parameters are used in the VAR(1) model for Romania and 8 in the VAR(3) model for Ukraine. All parameters are grouped into three groups: macroeconomic, monetary and unconventional monetary indicators. The exchange rate and GDP are the primary dependent variables.
... After 2016, the first papers dealing with the results of smart projects developed in Romanian cities are published, most of them analyzing their impact (Kadar, 2016), the smart learning domain (Dascalu et al., 2017), and the transfer of smart practices in the periurban area (Profiroiu & Radulescu, 2019;Tirziu, 2017). More technical approaches materialized as well, highlighting the opportunities related to the role of 5G mobile network's operator in developing smart projects (Oproiu et al., 2017) or systemic approaches evaluating energy infrastructure and the role of renewable energies in smart initiatives (D'Ascenzo et al., 2019;Petrica & Birova, 2018;Savastano, Suciu, Gorelova, & Stativa, 2020;Tantau & Santa, 2021;Teremranova and Mutule, 2019). It is worth mentioning, however, that most of these studies are not focused exclusively on Romanian territory, but represent rather comparative approaches of smart cities in EU or South-Eastern Europe. ...
The last decades pressured the cities all over the world to become smarter and to develop smart initiatives in order to keep up with the global trends. Nevertheless, the pace to reach this objective vary considerable from one country to another. For the urban areas from the post-communist block the race to smartness started late and run into a series of obstacles related to financing, understanding, and stakeholders’ involvement. Our paper assesses the insertion, evolution, and implementation of smart city concept in such a territory (Romanian cities), while simultaneously addressing the issue of transparency of smart projects. The study found an increasing openness of authorities to integrate smart components within the city profile with a focus on smart mobility domain, mostly connected with smart apps and online platforms. However, little information is available regarding the smart projects, with discrepancies between the statistics and the available information, suggesting the need for clarifications and harmonized statistics in order to articulate more effective evidence-based policies.
... In this circumstance, TriCity needs 17 base stations and Warsaw needs 40 base stations. In [90], the authors concluded that a 5G smart city lighting system should fulfill the following requirements: low bandwidth needs, low delay, fast deployment, large number of devices and sensors with massive communications, among others. ...
5G is the fifth generation wireless network, with a set of characteristics, e.g., high bandwidth and data rates. The scenarios of using 5G include enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (uRLLC). 5G is expected to support a wide variety of applications. We conducted a systematic mapping study that covers the literature published between Jan 2012 and Dec 2019 regarding using 5G in smart cities. The scenarios, architecture, technologies, challenges, and lessons learned of using 5G in smart cities are summarized and further analyzed based on 32 selected studies, and the results are that: (1) The studies are distributed over 27 publication venues. 17 studies report results based on academic studies and 13 studies use demonstration or toy examples. Only 2 studies report using 5G in smart cities based on industrial studies. 16 studies include assumptions of 5G network design or smart city scenarios. (2) The most discussed smart city scenario is transportation, followed by public safety, healthcare, city tourism, entertainment, and education. (3) 28 studies propose and/or discuss the architecture of 5G-enabled smart cities, containing smart city architecture (treating 5G as a component), 5G network architecture in smart cities, and business architecture of using 5G in smart cities. (4) The most mentioned 5G-related technologies are radio access technologies, network slicing, and edge computing. (5) Challenges are mainly about complex context, challenging requirements, and network development of using 5G in smart cities. (6) Most of the lessons learned identified are benefits regarding 5G itself or the proposed 5G-related methods in smart cities. This work provides a reflection of the past eight years of the state of the art on using 5G in smart cities, which can benefit both researchers and practitioners.
... In this circumstance, TriCity needs 17 base stations and Warsaw needs 40 base stations. In [90], the authors concluded that a 5G smart city lighting system should fulfill the following requirements: low bandwidth needs, low delay, fast deployment, large number of devices and sensors with massive communications, among others. ...
5G is the fifth generation wireless network, with a set of characteristics, such as high bandwidth and data rates, massive connectivity, broad coverage, and low latency. The scenarios of using 5G include enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (uRLLC). 5G is expected to support a wide variety of applications, such as city management, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and energy management. In this paper, we conducted a systematic mapping study that covers the literature published between January 2012 and December 2019 regarding using 5G in smart cities. The scenarios, architecture, technologies, challenges, and lessons learned of using 5G in smart cities are summarized and further analyzed based on 32 selected studies, and the results are that: (1) The studies are distributed over 27 publication venues. 17 studies report results based on academic studies and 13 studies use demonstration or toy examples. Only 2 studies report using 5G in smart cities based on industrial studies. 16 studies include assumptions of 5G network design or smart city scenarios. (2) The most discussed smart city scenario is transportation, followed by public safety, healthcare, city tourism, entertainment, and education. (3) 28 studies propose and/or discuss the architecture of 5G-enabled smart cities, containing smart city architecture (treating 5G as a component), 5G network architecture in smart cities, and business architecture of using 5G in smart cities. (4) The most mentioned 5G-related technologies are radio access technologies, network slicing, and edge computing. (5) Challenges are mainly about complex context, challenging requirements, and network development of using 5G in smart cities. (6) Most of the lessons learned identified are benefits regarding 5G itself or the proposed 5G-related methods in smart cities. This work provides a reflection of the past eight years of the state of the art on using 5G in smart cities, which can benefit both researchers and practitioners in this field.
... The possibilities of its application in the area of smart cities and the IoT make the 5G network an important element of modern technical solutions [41,42]. The use of the 5G network can cover wide areas of communication, ranging from a simple connection with sensors in the city infrastructure, to complex data exchange with an advanced city management system [43][44][45]. Improving collaboration in various areas through effective communication can contribute to the development of highly accurate, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective logistics, making the related traffic more efficient. ...
This article deals with automated urban traffic management, and proposes a new comprehensive infrastructure solution for dynamic traffic direction switching at intersection lines. It was assumed that the currently used solutions based on video monitoring are unreliable. Therefore, the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technique was introduced, in which vehicles are counted and, if necessary, identified in order to estimate the flows on individual lanes. The data is acquired in real time using fifth-generation wireless communications (5G). The Pots and Ising models derived from the theory of statistical physics were used in a novel way to determine the state of direction traffic lights. The models were verified by simulations using data collected from real traffic observations. The results were presented for two exemplary intersections.
... So, the deployment of 5G technology is the major challenge faced by the mobile operators. The conventional 5G network to implement various smart city applications is shown in Figure 9. Different customized 5G network architectures are proposed by the researchers to implement various smart city applications [183][184][185][186][187]. The schematic diagram of an intelligent lighting system for smart cities deployed using the 5G network is shown in Figure 10. ...
The concept of smart city evolved with the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in various sub-systems and processes in urban environment. The development of the smart cities is the best possible solution to major urban issues. It contributes towards economic and social development of the residents. It aims to provide the cordial environment in the domains of healthcare, education, transportation, power generation and dissipation, security, living, industry, etc., to the inhabitants to make their lives comfortable. Sustainability of these services is another major objective in a smart city framework. Along with the true realization of the idea of a smart city, advanced computational and communication technologies are contributing hugely towards its sustainable development. Communication technologies act as backbone to ensure connectivity at the various levels in a smart city framework. Novel smart city solutions for different application domains are designed and deployed by the industry using advanced computational technologies like IoT, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Big Data and Cloud Computing. In this work, authors discuss the concept of smart city, its architecture and sustainability. Different operational domains in a smart city ecosystem are elaborated. The cyber physical aspect of the smart cities is discussed in brief. The role of various computational and communication technologies in the sustainable development of smart cities is presented. Limiting factors in the deployment of various advanced technologies in different smart city domains are highlighted. Security issues associated with the technological sustainable development of different smart city services along with existing solutions are discussed. The article is concluded by highlighting the future research directions.
... That way, Slicenet is to create and form a close partnership between industry and vertical business sectors in achieving the fully connected society vision in 5G [166] . Building on these objectives, SliceNet covers three vertical use-cases, namely, (1) 5G smart grid self-healing, (2) 5G smart m-health, and (3) 5G smart city [167] . ...
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review and updated solutions related to 5G network slicing using SDN and NFV. Firstly, we present 5G service quality and business requirements followed by a description of 5G network softwarization and slicing paradigms including essential concepts, history and different use cases. Secondly, we provide a tutorial of 5G network slicing technology enablers including SDN, NFV, MEC, cloud/Fog computing, network hypervisors, virtual machines & containers. Thidly, we comprehensively survey different industrial initiatives and projects that are pushing forward the adoption of SDN and NFV in accelerating 5G network slicing. A comparison of various 5G architectural approaches in terms of practical implementations, technology adoptions and deployment strategies is presented. Moreover, we provide a discussion on various open source orchestrators and proof of concepts representing industrial contribution. The work also investigates the standardization efforts in 5G networks regarding network slicing and softwarization. Additionally, the article presents the management and orchestration of network slices in a single domain followed by a comprehensive survey of management and orchestration approaches in 5G network slicing across multiple domains while supporting multiple tenants. Furthermore, we highlight the future challenges and research directions regarding network softwarization and slicing using SDN and NFV in 5G networks.
... That way, Slicenet is to create and form a close partnership between industry and vertical business sectors in achieving the fully connected society vision in 5G [165]. Building on these objectives, SliceNet covers three vertical use-cases, namely, (1) 5G smart grid self-healing, (2) 5G smart m-health, and (3) 5G smart city [166]. ...
The increasing consumption of multimedia services and the demand of high-quality services from customers has triggered a fundamental change in how we administer networks in terms of abstraction, separation, and mapping of forwarding, control and management aspects of service. The industry and the academia are embracing 5G as the future network capable to support next generation vertical applications with different service requirements. To realize this vision in 5G network, the physical network has to be sliced into multiple isolated logical networks of varying sizes and structures which are dedicated to different types of services based on their requirements with different characteristics and requirements(e.g., a slice for massive IoT devices, smartphones or autonomous cars, etc.). Softwarization using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV)in 5G networks are expected to fill the void of programmable control and management of network resources.
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review and updated solutions related to 5G network slicing using SDN and NFV. Firstly, we present 5G service quality and business requirements followed by a description of 5G network softwarization and slicing paradigms including essential concepts, history and different use cases. Secondly, we provide a tutorial of 5G network slicing technology enablers including SDN, NFV, MEC, cloud/Fog computing, network hypervisors, virtual machines & containers. Thidly, we comprehensively survey different industrial initiatives and projects that are pushing forward the adoption of SDN and NFV in accelerating 5G network slicing. A comparison of various 5G architectural approaches in terms of practical implementations, technology adoptions and deployment strategies is presented.. Moreover, we provide discussion on various open source orchestrators and proof of concepts representing industrial contribution.. The work also investigates the standardization efforts in 5G networks regarding network slicing and softwarization. Additionally, the article presents the management and orchestration of network slices in a single domain followed by a comprehensive survey of management and orchestration approaches in 5G network slicing across multiple domains while supporting multiple tenants. Furthermore, we highlight the future challenges and research directions regarding network softwarization and slicing using SDN and NFV in 5G networks.
The 100 Smart Cities Mission in India was launched by Honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 25, 2015, with an objective to promote sustainable and inclusive cities that provide core infrastructure to give a decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment through application of some smart solutions such as data driven traffic management, intelligent lighting systems, etc. This paper gives an insight into the method of using a smart pole, various IoT devices used in a smart pole and their usage in creating smart applications. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the current methods of using smart pole, the challenges faced & propose a solution for the challenges and how the use of smart poles can be extended to the suburbs of the smart cities so that some of the UNSDG goals like disaster risk reduction, access to information can be addressed.
Smart vehicles is one of the innovation that can be used to increase the effectiveness of traffic in smart city as urban area and in the highway. In its development, smart vehicles not only require mobile communication services to ensure safety but also multimedia services for the passengers. These services must be integrated on intelligent transportation system. 5G vehicular network technology provides data communication services for intelligent transportation system via macrocells and smallcells to support smart vehicles which can drive at a maximum speed of 500Km/hour with multimedia services for passengers with data rates reaching the Gbps level. This paper will review 5G network architecture and emerging technologies that enabling vehicular network for smart vehicles in smart city.
Journal of Computer, Electronic, and Telecommunication (COMPLETE), Vol. 1, No. 1 (2020). Publisher : Institut Teknologi Telkom Surabaya.
Previous survey articles on Low-Powered Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) lack a systematic analysis of the design goals of LPWAN and the design decisions adopted by various commercially available and emerging LPWAN technologies, and no study has analysed how their design decisions impact their ability to meet design goals. Assessing a technology’s ability to meet design goals is essential in determining suitable technologies for a given application. To address these gaps, we have analysed six prominent design goals and identified the design decisions used to meet each goal in the eight LPWAN technologies, ranging from technical consideration to business model, and determined which specific technique in a design decision will help meet each goal to the greatest extent. System architecture and specifications are presented for those LPWAN solutions, and their ability to meet each design goal is evaluated. We outline seventeen use cases across twelve domains that require large low power network infrastructure and prioritise each design goal’s importance to those applications as Low, Moderate, or High. Using these priorities and each technology’s suitability for meeting design goals, we suggest appropriate LPWAN technologies for each use case. Finally, a number of research challenges are presented for current and future technologies.
As 5G and network function virtualization (NFV) are maturing, it becomes crucial to demonstrate their feasibility and benefits by means of vertical scenarios. While 5GPPP has identified smart manufacturing as one of the most important vertical industries, there is still a lack of specific, practical use cases. Using the experience from a large-scale manufacturing company, Weidm{\"u}ller Group, we present a detailed use case that reflects the needs of real-world manufacturers. We also propose an architecture with specific network services and virtual network functions (VNFs) that realize the use case in practice. As a proof of concept, we implement the required services and deploy them on an emulation-based prototyping platform. Our experimental results indicate that a fully virtualized smart manufacturing use case is not only feasible but also reduces machine interconnection and configuration time and thus improves productivity by orders of magnitude.
World Council of City Data
- Philips Lighting