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Electronic Transmission of Antibacterial Property Into Water at Extremely Low Frequency Range: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of transmitting the "ampicillin" growth inhibitory property to pure sterile water.
Design:
Three control groups were designed as references of bacterial maximal growth (MG). Different concentrations of ampicillin and pure sterile water used as "positive" and "negative" controls, respectively, and the bacterial cultures supplemented with water that merely exposed to the background carrier waves were set as "sham control".
Settings:
The electronic characteristic of the ampicillin solution relayed to the water and then it was added to the bacterial culture medium. By this treatment, water received both the carrier wave and ampicillin electronic properties at 1-105 Hz range.
Results:
When the MG of the "treated water" and "positive control" dilutions is getting normalized against either sham or negative control, the treated water competently imitates ampicillin in a way that there is no significant difference with the positive control. These results will be affected to some extent by the time of electronic transmission and the inoculation concentration of bacterial culture. Comparison of electromagnetic signal patterns of "treated water" with the "positive control" shows that they are more similar to each other rather than negative control.
Conclusion:
It is believed that the extremely low frequencies can facilitate electronic transmission of ampicillin supramolecular chemistry into water. Imprinting such a property in water could be the result of durable structural configuration in treated water.
... From the perspective of physics, all lives depend upon the molecular interacting via vibrating energy fields as molecules, atoms, electrons, and chemical bonds all have their vibration characteristics [2]. For the past twenty years, many studies have demonstrated the feasibility of nonlocal effects on the viabilities of microorganism via electronic transmission of the information from the targeting molecules [3][4][5][6]. Compared with non-thermal inactivation technologies through the direct effect of electromagnetic field [7], the electronic transmission of nonlocal effect depends on the signals of the special chemical drugs [3,6]. ...
... To date, most of the effective experimental results were based on the relative simple chemical molecule and antibiotics, such as: acetic acid [8], phorbol-myristate acetate [9], retinoic acid [3], ampicillin [5], vancomycin [4], penicillin [1] and clotrimazole [6]. Some of the electronic information delivery was mediated through aqueous system [1,4,5] which is believed to be able to generate dissipative nanostructures when induced by exogenous physical fields, providing basis for storing and retrieving biologic information [3]. ...
... To date, most of the effective experimental results were based on the relative simple chemical molecule and antibiotics, such as: acetic acid [8], phorbol-myristate acetate [9], retinoic acid [3], ampicillin [5], vancomycin [4], penicillin [1] and clotrimazole [6]. Some of the electronic information delivery was mediated through aqueous system [1,4,5] which is believed to be able to generate dissipative nanostructures when induced by exogenous physical fields, providing basis for storing and retrieving biologic information [3]. Other studies showed that the electronic transmission did not depend upon the aqueous system; instead, it utilized special antennas from both the molecules on the transmission side and the biological organisms on the receiver side [6,10,11]. ...
... In a previous report [1], we used a spectro-radiometer and an infrared camera to monitor the impact of applied electric currents in water. That work showed that application of extremely low frequency alternating currents induced structural changes in water, which were also confirmed by IR radiance spectra [1,2]. Structural changes may also be reflected in changes of temperature: proximity of water to charged surfaces can trigger temperature drop, or even freezing [3,4]. ...
... Deionized water samples were treated with frequencies of 0, 4, 7.8, 11, 16, 50, 75, 10 2 , 10 3 and 10 5 Hz. (Note that the frequency of 7.8 Hz, the Schumann frequency, was used instead of 8 Hz, since this frequency is reported to have a role in transduction of biological information [2,20,21]). During control, excitation, and post-excitation periods, we assessed potential structural changes by measuring the water's IR radiance. ...
Low frequency electric fields were exposed to various water samples using platinum electrodes mounted near the water surface. Responses were monitored using a spectro-radiometer and a contact-angle goniometer. Treatment of DI (deionized), EZ (Exclusion Zone), and bulk water with certain electromagnetic frequencies resulted in a drop of radiance persisting for at least half an hour. Compared to DI water, however, samples of EZ and bulk water showed lesser radiance drop. Contact-angle goniometric results confirmed that when treated with alternating electric fields (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 and 1000 Hz), droplets of EZ and bulk water acquired different charges. The applied electric field interacted with EZ water only when electrodes were installed above the chamber, but not beneath. Further, when DI water interacted with an electric field applied from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 75 Hz), its radiance profile became similar to that of EZ water. Putting these last two findings together, one can say that application of an electric field on DI water from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 to 75 Hz) may induce a molecular ordering in DI water similar to that of EZ water.
... The less the volume fraction of MNC gets, the more tendency of chain-alignment morphology of MNCs is obtained. Besides, the chance of dipole-dipole and particle-field interactions is higher in the presence of external MF (Li et al. 2007; Rad and Pollack 2018;Rad and Jalali 2018). According to previous reports, uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) by either HeLa cells or human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) is tightly correlated with its diameter (Moser et al. 2016;Karami et al. 2021;Tamaddon et al. 2020). ...
... The recent finding then clarifies why there is higher chance of heat release in the tumor site, compared to the tumor interstitium or collateral tissues (Suleman and Riaz 2020b). As what mentioned before, the chance of dipole-dipole interaction improves the MFH impact of the strong external MF (Li et al. 2007;Rad and Pollack 2018;Rad and Jalali 2018). Further, a MF (H > 40 mT) with shorter duration of radiation on MNC emulsion, results in cell membrane disruption, while lower amplitudes of MF (e.g., 0.4 mT or less) with longer radiation, distort mitochondrial membrane and trigger apoptosis (Khodayari et al. 2021;Rad et al. 2013Rad et al. , 2014Kouhzaei et al. 2013). ...
Mechanism of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) studied via histological, cellular and in-silico methods. Number of RGB pixels in histopathological or cellar images was calculated to estimate penetration ratio of magnetic nanocomposite (MNC; MoS2/CoFe2O4) into either of tumor tissue or cells. The hydrodynamic diameter and the size distribution of MNC were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta Sizer, respectively. The molecular dynamic (MD) model of MoS2/CoFe2O4 was studied in a cubic box of water for 6.6 ns to simulate one-time passage of an alternative magnetic field from a side of cubic box. MFH treatment of tumors (f = 150 kHz, H = 31.16 mT) with low concentration of MNC, enhanced penetration of MNCs to the mammary gland tissue. Besides, the membrane permeability of MCF-7 cells was the most in “MNC + MF” condition, which is a validation for increased apoptosis rate expectancy in cancerous cells. The MNC with hydrodynamic diameter of 24.1 ± 0.89 nm produced the greatest “temperature/Etotal” ratio when the lowest MF (2.35 × 103 mT) was applied on the lowest concentration of the MNC (38 mM). Cellular uptake of MNC by the cancerous MCF-7 cells in the presence of MF, considerably boosted compared to the time that no MF was applied. Therefore, application of low-amplitude MF on low concentration of MNC results in targeted apoptosis of cancerous cells, while leaving normal cells intact.
... Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is known as leading cause of infection in various softtissue wounds, which results in development of chronic, non-healing wounds. Continuous growth of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains highlights necessity of introducing adjuvant and alternative antimicrobial treatments [3][4][5][6]. Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) hyperthermia is an emerging strategy that targets and reduces viability of bacterial pathogens including S. aureus [7]. ...
In this study, antibacterial impact of magnetic nanocomposite (MNC: MoS2/CoFe2O4) and super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION: Fe3O4-Casein) against staphylococcus aureus was studied. It was expected that such comparative study, address key points in optimization of synthesis and design of nanomaterials, which are supposed to be used as antibacterial agents for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) purposes. As the results, the MNC and SPION had average sizes of 17±4 nm and 15±5 nm, and diffused homogenously in agarose gel. They both were bacteriostatic against S. aureus at very low concentrations, while were bactericidal at concentrations of 200 µg/mL and more in MFH condition. In conclusion, both MNC and SPION inhibit S. aureus viability when low amplitude (H = 31.16 mT) alternative magnetic field (AMF: f = 150 kHz) was applied. Therefore, both of the nanomaterials are eligible to be considered as antibacterial candidates for treatment of complicated infections in upper respiratory tract or skin.
... By transferring molecular information of P53 to aqueous solutions, the EM imprinted solutions were shown to inhibit cancer cells proliferation, have anti-metastasis activity and increased apoptosis (Kim, 2013). Other reports demonstrated the suppression of the metabolic activity of neuroblastoma cells by EM signals coming from retinoic acid (Foletti et al., 2012b;Grimaldi and Grieco, 2013) and the inhibition of bacterial growth by the molecular signals generated from antibiotic agents (Heredia-Rojas et al., 2015;Rad and Jalali, 2018). It is clear that the development of electromagnetic information imprinting in aqueous solutions as an inexpensive and non-toxic medical treatment holds great promise (Norman et al., 2016). ...
DNA transduction across aqueous solutions has been reported previously. In this study, we examined a few key factors affecting DNA transduction rate in an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field. These include: the chemical composition of the aqueous solutions, the type of experimental vessel, the dilution step, and the origin of the DNA fragments. The results indicate that partially introducing essential ingredients for DNA amplification (i.e. dNTPs and PCR buffer) to the aqueous solution enhanced the transduction rate greatly, and transduction vessels made of hydrophilic quartz yielded more favorable results than vessels made of hydrophobic plastic. In addition, performing a serial dilution to the transduction solution more than doubled the transduction rate compared to that without the dilution step. For the DNA fragments used in this study, there was one with a pathogenic origin and two with non-pathogenic origins. However, all three fragments achieved DNA transduction regardless of the difference in their origins. The experimental setup for eliminating the false positives caused by both biological and potentially physical contamination is also described.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of magnetized water for human and animals. There was an improvement in water quality when exposed to the magnetic field with considerable change in the pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, evaporating temperature, minerals, organic matter and total count of bacteria. Therefore it’s penetration into cell wall would be facilitated which can accelerate ordinary diffusion of water that is vital for growth of different organs. Patients uses magnetic water for digestive, urinary and nervous problems, ailments like mastitis, pains and swellings, painful urination and many other disorders. Magnetized water has been found effective in alleviating colds, coughs, bronchitis, all types of fever and more, arthritis pain, reducing blood pressure, recovering quickly from a stroke, and it helpful in the regularization of women's menses. Also, treatment with magnetic water was very effective in breaking up kidney and gall bladder stones into small particles. The water also prevented further formation of stones in the kidneys and gallbladder. Magnetic water may prevent aging and fatigue by increasing the cell membrane permeability. Effectiveness of magnetized water in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis has been shown in some animal and human studies. It has been reported that magnetic water help unclog the arteries and veins of deposits of cholesterol and salts and normalize the circulatory system. Also, magnetized water can be helpful in weight control, as an adjutant to a correct diet because this water improves metabolic activity, it may be helpful in burning up excessive fatty tissue. Magnetized drinking water improves nutrient digestibility, saves water consumption, optimizing rumen fermentation parameters, and it could an effective way to reduce methane production and contributing to mitigate environmental impact in livestock, positive animal health, which is reflected in the increase in milk yield and its component and improves blood picture and antioxidant status. Magnetized drinking water caused increase milk production, mutton, and wool in sheep not only that, but more weight gain in geese and egg production and hatchability in turkey can be achieved, and increasing in milk yields in dairy cows and ewes. It can be concluded that magnetic water treatment improved blood picture, biochemical parameters, semen quality, and antioxidant status in human and animals. So, magnetic water must be used to mitigate the harmful effects of drugs, toxins, and environmental pollutant on human and animals.
Experimental evidence has accumulated to suggest that biologically efficacious informational effects can be derived mimicking active compounds solely through electromagnetic distribution upon aqueous systems affecting biological systems. Empirically rigorous demonstrations of anti-microbial agent associated electromagnetic informational inhibition of MRSA, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans and a host of other important and various reported effects have been evidenced, such as the electro-informational transfer of retinoic acid influencing human neuroblastoma cells and stem teratocarcinoma cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation effects from informationally affected fields interactive with aqueous systems are measured via microscopy, statistical analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and other techniques. Information associated with chemical compounds affects biological aqueous systems, sans direct systemic exposure to the source molecule. This is a quantum effect, based on the interactivity between electromagnetic fields, and aqueous ordered coherence domains. The encoding of aqueous systems and tissue by photonic transfer and instantiation of information rather than via direct exposure to potentially toxic drugs and physical substances holds clear promise of creating inexpensive non-toxic medical treatments.
The experimental conditions by which electromagnetic signals (EMS) of low
frequency can be emitted by diluted aqueous solutions of some bacterial and
viral DNAs are described. That the recorded EMS and nanostructures induced in
water carry the DNA information (sequence) is shown by retrieval of that same
DNA by classical PCR amplification using the TAQ polymerase, including both
primers and nucleotides. Moreover, such a transduction process has also been
observed in living human cells exposed to EMS irradiation. These experiments
suggest that coherent long range molecular interaction must be at work in water
so to allow the observed features. The quantum field theory analysis of the
phenomenon is presented.
The “memory of water” was a major international controversy that remains unresolved. Taken seriously or not, this hypothesis leads to logical contradictions in both cases. Indeed, if this hypothesis is held as wrong, then we have to explain how a physiological signal emerged from the background and we have to elucidate a bulk of coherent results. If this hypothesis is held as true, we must explain why these experiments were difficult to reproduce by other teams and why some blind experiments were so disturbing for the expected outcomes. In this article, a third way is proposed by modeling these experiments in a quantum-like probabilistic model. It is interesting to note that this model does not need the hypothesis of the “memory of water” and, nevertheless, all the features of Benveniste’s experiments are taken into account (emergence of a signal from the background, difficulties faced by other teams in terms of reproducibility, disturbances during blind experiments, and apparent “jumps of activity” between samples). In conclusion, it is proposed that the cognitive states of the experimenter exhibited quantum-like properties during Benveniste’s experiments.
This particular article relates to study in vivo regarding the effect of MRET Activated water in Transgenic Amyloid Mice models. It provides some evidence on how MRET Activated water with the modified molecular structure, physical and electrodynamic characteristics may enhance specific molecular mechanisms in living cells. The anomalous proton activity, electrodynamic characteristics and viscosity of MRET Activated water provide some evidence regarding its possible effect on electrical activity and proper function of the cells. Most cells and tissues have electrical properties relevant to their natural function. The living cells and tissues have rather complex structure, consisting of the folding membranes, the specialized connections , and organelles. The localization of electrical properties is particularly important, since each of the complex structures must be expected to have a specific role in the electrical function of the tissue. MRET Activated water with modified proton activity and electrical conductivity can also have ability to enhance a proton pump activity of the cells. As a result it may lead to the restoration of the transduction signaling and the restoration of normal cellular functions. The clinical study in vivo in Transgenic Amyloid Mice models conducted at Toronto University proves the validity of the proposed hypothesis.
Perturbed very dilute aqueous solutions are investigated by analyzing their electric conductivity (χ). Foci include titrations and quasi-periodic oscillations of χ spanning several months. The χ data reflect persistent dissipative supramolecular self-organization. This paper’s successful consistent explanations of the χ measurements corroborate earlier Quantum Field Theoretical predictions. For example: (1) Permanent polarization results from quantum electro-dynamical interactions mediated auto-ordering of water molecules and molecular aggregates which have electric dipole moments. (2) The aggregates are created by exciting very dilute aqueous solutions, generating long lasting (cold) vortices in crystalline-like-structured super-fluidic domains. These domains are only present when the concentration (C) is lower than a solute dependent transitions concentration (Ctrans). Typically, Ctrans is of the order of 10-4 M or below.
Even though a wide literature is available on the effects of weak Extremely Low Frequency ElectroMagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) on the biochemical reactions, nevertheless the physical nature of these effects is largely unknown. The main challenge is the mismatch between the infinitesimal amount of the energy carried by the perturbation and the entity of the response of the system. More than 10 years ago, it was claimed that a weak current can be induced in a aqueous solution of Glutamic acid exposed to a weak magnetic field having a certain frequency. We have checked the influence of ELF-EMF on Glutamic acid using the FTIR-ATR spectroscopy in order to observe structural changes induced by the exposure. Samples have been exposed for 10, 20 or 30 minutes to a magnetic field generated by Helmoltz coils and then placed into the spectrometer. After the exposure solutions having different pH values always shown a shift toward the de-protonated species. The effect lasts for minutes after the exposure before the native configuration is restored.
Benveniste had observed that highly dilute (and even in the absence of physical molecules) biological agents still triggered relevant biological systems. Some of these experiments were reproduced in three other laboratories who cosigned the article, (Davenas et al., Nature 1988, 333, 816). Further works, [(Medical Hypotheses 2000, 54, 33), (Rivista di Biologia/Biology Forum 97, 2004, 169)], showed that molecular activity in more than 50 biochemical systems and even in bacteria could be induced by electromagnetic signals transferred through water solutes. The sources of the electromagnetic signals were recordings of specific biological activities. These results suggest that electromagnetic transmission of biochemical information can be stored in the electric dipole moments of water in close analogy to the manner in which magnetic moments store information on a computer disk. The electromagnetic transmission would enable in vivo transmissions of the specific molecular information between two functional biomolecules. In the present work, the physical nature of such biological information storage and retrieval in ordered quantum electromagnetic domains of water will be discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
The pharmacodynamic effects of subinhibitory concentrations of different beta-lactam antibiotics were investigated. A postantibiotic effect (PAE) was induced for different bacterial species by exposure to 10x MIC of several beta-lactam antibiotics for 2 h in vitro. The antibiotic-bacterial combinations used in this study were imipenem-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, benzylpenicillin-Streptococcus pneumoniae and -Streptococcus pyogenes, cefcanel-S. pyogenes, ampicillin-Escherichia coli, and piperacillin-E. coli. After the induction of the PAE, the exposed cultures as well as the unexposed controls were washed and diluted. Thereafter, the cultures in the postantibiotic phase (PA phase) and the cultures not previously treated with antibiotics were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3x MIC of the relevant drug and the growth curves were compared. When bacteria in the PA phase were exposed to sub-MICs, a substantial prolongation of the time before regrowth was demonstrated, especially in antibiotic-bacterial combinations for which a PAE was found. In contrast, sub-MICs on cultures not previously exposed to suprainhibitory antibiotic concentrations yielded only a slight reduction in growth rate compared with the controls. Thus, it seems important to distinguish the direct effects of sub-MICs on bacteria not previously exposed to suprainhibitory concentrations from the effects of sub-MICs on bacteria in the PA phase.
The looming antibiotic-resistance crisis has penetrated the consciousness of clinicians, researchers, policymakers, politicians and the public at large. The evolution and widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistance elements in bacterial pathogens has made diseases that were once easily treatable deadly again. Unfortunately, accompanying the rise in global resistance is a failure in antibacterial drug discovery. Lessons from the history of antibiotic discovery and fresh understanding of antibiotic action and the cell biology of microorganisms have the potential to deliver twenty-first century medicines that are able to control infection in the resistance era.
Since biophysical treatment has been reported to be effective in the general management of pain, we decided to assess the specific effect and treatment duration of this therapeutic strategy in low back pain. We were interested in verifying the possibility that a single clinical procedure could reduce pain and improve patients' quality of life within a period of three months. An Electromagnetic Information Transfer Through Aqueous System was employed to record endogenous therapeutic signals from each individual using an electromagnetic recording device (Med Select 729). A highly significant reduction in the Roland Morris low back pain and disability questionnaire score was observed after 3 months following a single biophysical intervention (11.83 ± 6 at baseline versus 2.3 ± 3.25 at 3 months, p < 0.0001). This preliminary report provides further evidence of the theoretical implications and clinical applications of Quantum Electro Dynamic concepts in biology and medicine.
The influence of low-frequency electromagnetic (LF-EM) waves on microorganisms has been a subject of experimental investigations for more than two decades and the results are promising. In parallel, an interesting procedure known as biophysical-information-therapy or bioresonance therapy (BRT) which in principle is based on LF-EM stimulation, has emerged. BRT was discovered in the late 1980's but it is still poorly studied. This paper demonstrates that by transferring metronidazole information to water samples by an electronic amplifier (BRT device), the growth of axenically cultured trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonasvaginalis is significantly inhibited, compared with those cultures treated with non and sham electro-transferred water samples. A positive control of metronidazole, a well-known cytotoxic drug against parasites, was used as a reference.
The Belousov-Zhabotinsky phenomenon is analyzed in a framework where the dynamics of dissipative structures outlined by Prigogine is implemented through the collective dynamics produced in liquid water by Quantum Electrodynamics, which has received recently some experimental support. A mechanism allowing the appearance of self-produced oscillations is suggested.
Microwave irradiation (f = 36 GHz) changes the properties of distilled water within the first 1-10 min. The new state is retained for at least tens of minutes and manifests itself as changes in power density spectrum of periodic fading voltage fluctuations that are generated during discharge of a capacitor in which water is used as a dielectric. It is assumed that long-term changes in water properties mediate the effect of electromagnetic fields on biological systems.
Some properties and functions of water treated under magnetic field were examined. No change in properties of pure water distilled from ultrapure water in vacuum was observed by magnetic treatment. However, when the same magnetic treatment was carried out after the distilled water was exposed to O2, water properties such as vibration modes and electrolytic potential were changed. The degree of magnetic treatment effect on water was quantitatively evaluated by contact angle.
Coherence Electrodynamics in Water. Fundamental Research in Ultrahigh Dilution and Homeopathy
- E Del Giudice
- G Preparata
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