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WORLDWIDE SURVEY OF FITNESS TRENDS FOR 2018 The CREP Edition Apply It
Abstract
This annual survey of worldwide fitness trends is now in its 12th year. New this year is the inclusion of some member organizations of the Coalition for the Registration of Exercise Professionals (CREP). Participating organizations included the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), American Council on Exercise (ACE), National Council on Strength and Fitness (NCSF), and The Cooper Institute®.
... Subsequently, this has led to a surge of interest in interval exercise among researchers, mass media, and the general public. Since 2014, interval exercise has been identified as a top three fitness trend based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)'s annual worldwide surveys (Thompson, 2019). This surge of interest has led to compelling debate and controversy about whether interval exercise should be promoted in public health strategies as a means of eliciting the health and fitness adaptations associated with physical activity behavior, particularly among individuals who are inactive. ...
... In line with other qualitative descriptive studies (Bradshaw et al., 2017;Sandelowski, 2010), we used thematic analysis to interpret the data. Specifically, we were guided by a reflexive thematic analysis approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006, 2019. That is, we strove to be fully transparent and aware of the theoretical assumptions that informed our analysis and did not use pre-determined codes in a structured codebook or seek coding reliability. ...
... Factors such as socioeconomic status and gender can influence people's physical (in)activity status (e.g., Abbasi, 2014;Estabrooks, Lee, & Gyurcsik, 2003) and can be used to understand past and present exercise experiences and preferences. Additionally, it is possible that the growing interest and appeal of interval exercise among the general public (Thompson, 2019) is rooted in understudied cultural and social contexts. Indeed, the analysis and results focused on participants' experiences and perceptions without explicit reference to broader socio-cultural contexts (Poucher et al., 2019). ...
Objective
There has been compelling debate about whether interval exercise should be promoted in public health strategies as a means of eliciting the health and fitness adaptations associated with physical activity behavior, particularly among individuals who are inactive. Despite a rapidly growing body of quantitative research, there is a notable absence of qualitative research on the topic. This study used a series of interviews conducted over time to develop a richer understanding of inactive adults’ experiences and perceptions of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and sprint interval training (SIT) over time and factors that may influence their participation in these types of exercise.
Methods
Thirty inactive young adults (18 women, 12 men) completed three lab-based trials of cycling exercise in a random order on separate days: MICT, HIIT, and SIT, and subsequently logged their free-living exercise over four weeks. Interviews were conducted at five timepoints and subjected to a reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
Three overarching themes were constructed: (1) interval exercise sounds appealing, but is it for me? (2) exercise trade-offs – the value of interval vs. traditional exercise, and (3) real-world exercise adaptations to make it on your own.
Conclusions
The findings emphasize that people respond differently to different forms of exercise and the factors that influence participation in interval or continuous exercise are far more complex than can be captured by quantitative methodologies alone. Results suggest there is indeed a place for interval exercise in exercise plans and programs for the general population and interval exercise can be used concurrently with continuous exercise.
... Considerando este aspeto, o presente estudo encontra-se no seguimento das análises realizadas sobre as tendências do Fitness em Portugal, em 2021, 2022 e 2023 . Estes resultados foram baseados no estudo mundial do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), que realiza, desde 2007, esta pesquisa, e que pretende contribuir para um maior conhecimento acerca das tendências mundiais deste setor em constante evolução e mutação (Thompson, , 2010(Thompson, , 2012(Thompson, , 2013(Thompson, , 2015(Thompson, , 2016(Thompson, , 2017(Thompson, , 2018(Thompson, , 2019(Thompson, , 2021(Thompson, , 2022(Thompson, , 2023. De salientar que o presente estudo é realizado, desde as tendências do fitness para 2022 , em parceria com o ACSM. ...
... Confrontando este estudo com as tendências mundiais de 2023 (Thompson, 2023) cinco são coincidentes no Top 10 ("Treino de força com Pesos Livres", "Treino Outdoor", "Exercício para perda de peso", "Empregar PF certificados" e "PT"). Na comparação com o estudo Europeu (Kercher et al., 2023), apenas se verificaram três coincidentes no Top 10 ("Exercício para perda de peso", "PT" e "Empregar PF certificados"). ...
Pretende-se, com o presente estudo, conhecer as tendências do Fitness em Portugal para 2024. Serão ainda realizadas comparações, entre grupos, designadamente: detentores de título profissional diferente (Técnico de exercício físico, Diretor técnico ou Sem título); entre quem está a exercer funções ou não enquanto profissional de fitness (PF); entre sexos; últimos 4 anos; e confrontação dos resultados portugueses com os de Espanha, da Europa e mundiais. Este estudo seguiu a metodologia do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), tendo sido aplicado um questionário online a PF, profissionais de saúde relacionados com o exercício, e estudantes do setor do fitness/desporto/educação física (n = 422), que continha 50 tendências. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o Top 5 das principais tendências do fitness em Portugal são, por ordem decrescente: “Personal trainer (PT)”, “Empregar PF certificados”, “Exercício para a perda de peso”, “PT para pequenos grupos” e “Treino de força tradicional”. Quando comparados os grupos verificaram-se diferenças em 8 tendências entre os portadores de diferentes títulos profissionais, em 9 entre quem exerce ou não funções de PF, em 27 entre sexos e em 31 entre anos. As tendências do fitness portuguesas, para 2024, assemelham-se mais às do estudo espanhol, com 7 tendências iguais no Top 10, e do estudo europeu, com 6 tendências iguais no Top 10, do que às do estudo mundial do ACSM, com apenas 3 tendências iguais no Top 10. Palavras-chave: Portugal; Tendências; Fitness; ACSM; Profissional; Título; Sexo; Anos.
... The second edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans released in 2018 suggests that an adult should perform at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, 75-150 minutes of high-intensity aerobic exercise, or a combination of the two per week (Piercy et al., 2018). To address the need of continuing the exercise while isolating for COVID-19, multiple exercise courses have been launched on different platforms, making online training as the rst of the top 20 tness trends in 2021 (Thompson, 2021). ...
... Therefore, during the COVID-19 epidemic, previous literature recommended that online family exercise and training courses through electronic platforms, such as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, should be promoted (Dwyer et al., 2020). Participating in online courses not only reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19, but also brings the same bene ts of muscle strength training, thereby making online training as the rst of the top 20 tness trends in 2021 (Thompson, 2021). Based on the results, we concluded that the online training course could produce the same e cacy as that of the coach supervision course. ...
Purpose
COVID-19 has rampaged the world. Nowaday, a lot of people in Taiwan still experiencing working from home, as well as exercising from home (EFH) to maintain their physical health. This study aimed to investigate the difference in training efficacy by joining online workout courses and coach supervision.
Methods
Twenty participants were recruited in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into coach supervision and online training groups. A pre-test was first conducted, followed by a post-test after 8 weeks of training intervention. The tests were to measure the participant’s muscle hypertrophy and sports performance, with the former including InBody body composition analysis, and the latter including the assessment of jumping ability, 20-metre sprint, bench press, and squat performances. The two-way mixed design measures ANOVA was applied for statistical measurement. If the correlation between the two factors was significant, the Bonferroni post hoc test will be applied to determine the main effects. (α = 0.05).
Results
There was no significant difference between the two training groups. However, substantial differences were observed between the jumping ability, bench press performance, and squat performance of the pre- and post-tests in both groups, with the participants generally performing better in the latter case. In terms of body composition and muscle circumference, no significant changes were found between both tests.
Conclusion
Participating online training courses at home is recommended when exercising outdoor is forbidden. Moreover, online training not only reduces the transmission of coronavirus, but also helps improve the immunity in a safe environment.
... El Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM: American College of Sports Medicine) viene realizando anualmente la encuesta mundial sobre tendencias del fitness durante los últimos 16 años (Thompson, 2006(Thompson, -2022. Mediante estas encuestas, que aglutinan las respuestas de miles de profesionales del sector de diferentes países, se procura conocer de forma anticipada cuáles serán las principales tendencias a nivel global (Thompson, 2020). Los resultados obtenidos permiten anticipar cuáles de ellas podrían tener un mayor impacto en la industria de acuerdo con la opinión de las personas encuestadas y, de esta forma, ayudan a tomar decisiones estratégicas y comerciales para su desarrollo futuro (Thompson, 2020). ...
... Mediante estas encuestas, que aglutinan las respuestas de miles de profesionales del sector de diferentes países, se procura conocer de forma anticipada cuáles serán las principales tendencias a nivel global (Thompson, 2020). Los resultados obtenidos permiten anticipar cuáles de ellas podrían tener un mayor impacto en la industria de acuerdo con la opinión de las personas encuestadas y, de esta forma, ayudan a tomar decisiones estratégicas y comerciales para su desarrollo futuro (Thompson, 2020). ...
Since the pioneering edition for the year 2017, the National Surveys of Fitness Trends have been developed in Spain, reproducing the methodology of the worldwide surveys promoted by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). As every year, the objective of this study is to identify the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector by showing the results of the survey carried out for 2023, as well as to compare the results with those reported in the national and worldwide surveys of 2022. In addition, the possible impact of COVID-19 on the trends that, according to the respondents, will be more relevant in 2023 was also analyzed. The survey was sent through electronic platforms to 7,143 professionals related to the fitness sector, obtaining a response rate of 7.3%. Of the 506 total responses, 31.2% were from women. The top five trends for 2023 were, in decreasing order: “functional fitness training”, “small group personal training”, “personal training”, “hiring certified professionals” and “strength training with free weights”. The trends in the top-20 in Spain for 2023 were very similar to those of 2022, both in the number of matches (18 common trends) and in the positions held (within the top-10 there were 9 trends common to both surveys). Analogous to what happened in past editions, there was a greater discrepancy between the Spanish survey for 2023 and the worldwide survey for 2022, with 13 common trends in the top-20 and only four coincidences within the top-10. These results continue to confirm, consistent with previous editions, the stability of trends in the Spanish fitness sector and the greater divergence from worldwide trends.
... To quantify numerous different loading parameters, body-worn sensors have quickly gained popularity in sports and exercise during recent years. In an annual survey of worldwide fitness trends, wearable technologies went from not being on the list in 2015 to being the most popular fitness trend in 2016, 2017 and 2019 (Thompson, , 2016(Thompson, , 2015, and was in the top three in 2018 (Thompson, 2017). Consequently, a wide range of body-worn sensors has become available for use in sports, including heart rate monitors (HRMs), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), electromyographic (EMG) sensors, global positioning systems (GPS), and microelectrical mechanical systems (MEMS) or inertial measurement units (IMUs), such as accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes (Camomilla et al., 2018;Cardinale and Varley, 2017;Cummins et al., 2013;Düking et al., 2016). ...
... The overall aim and methods throughout this thesis have primarily assumed the use of current, externally worn inertial sensors to eventually predict GRF. Although body-worn devices are currently a popular means to quantify and assess training loads and health status (Thompson, , 2017(Thompson, , 2016(Thompson, , 2015, the reliability and validity of wearables for use in various sport and fitness contexts has also been questioned (Düking et al., 2016;Peake et al., 2018;Sperlich and Holmberg, 2016). Moreover, it has been suggested that technological developments might in the future replace wearable sensors by other techniques such as implantable units (Catherwood et al., 2015;Sperlich et al., 2017). ...
Training loads are monitored in sports as part of a process which aims to enhance performance whilst simultaneously reducing the risk of injury. Although physiological loads have been investigated extensively, biomechanical loading is still poorly quantified and, therefore, largely unexplored. Ground reaction force (GRF) is a well-established measure of external whole-body biomechanical loading, which drives and contributes to the internal stresses on e.g. muscles, tendons and bones. GRF might thus be used to further understand the relationship between whole-body biomechanical loads and performance and injuries, but valid methods for accurately estimating GRF outside laboratory settings are currently unavailable. However, since GRF is determined by the accelerations of the body’s different segments, currently popular body-worn accelerometers might allow for estimating GRF in the field. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate if GRF can be estimated from segmental accelerations, especially for dynamic and high-intensity running tasks that are frequently performed during running-based sports.
The first two studies showed that a two mass-spring-damper model can be used to accurately reproduce overall GRF profiles and impulses for various high-intensity running tasks, but that this model cannot be used to predict GRF from trunk accelerometry. These results suggest that trunk accelerations alone are insufficient to accurately predict GRF in this manner, but additional information about accelerations of other segments allows for alternative approaches to be explored. Therefore, the third study aimed to estimate GRF from multiple segmental accelerations using a direct mechanical approach. GRF profiles from full-body segmental accelerations were estimated reasonably across dynamic and high-intensity running tasks, but errors substantially increased when the number of segments was reduced. Since these results further support the suggestion that one or several segmental accelerations are unlikely sufficient to estimate whole GRF waveforms, the fourth study aimed to identify key segmental contributions to distinct GRF features using principal component analysis. However, this study showed that dominant segmental acceleration characteristics and associated GRF features, as well as the relative importance of these features, are highly complex and task-specific.
Together these findings show that it is unlikely that one or several segmental accelerations can provide accurate and meaningful estimates of GRF across different running activities. These outcomes warrant caution when using body-worn accelerometers to estimate GRF and monitor whole-body biomechanical loads during running-based sports in the field.
... A Figura 2 apresenta o top 10 das tendências mundiais de fitness dos últimos 4 anos (Thompson, 2014(Thompson, , 2015(Thompson, , 2016(Thompson, , 2017 ...
... O exercício em grupo destina-se a grupos com mais de cinco pessoas, caso contrário designar-se-ia personal training em grupo. São sessões planeadas para serem eficazes para diferentes níveis de condição física e são motivacionais (Thompson, 2017). ...
... Under the umbrella of "wellness", which has become a buzzword for a multi-trillion-dollar unregulated industry (Patton, McVey, and Hackett 2022), yoga's interest and growth is sustained through a neoliberal promotion of hacking productivity, as a mode for beautifying one's body, and finding community (Jingwei 2022;McCartney 2022a). As a fitness category, it annually moves in and out of the top twenty global trends (Thompson 2019). Yet yoga's market size is projected to reach usd215 billion by 2025 (Vig and Deshmukh 2020; Company 2021). ...
Apparently it is racist to not accept yoga’s theological claim that Egypt/Africa is the original home of yoga and that it was essentially gifted to India thousands of years before any evidence otherwise suggests this happened. However, the keyboard warriors defending an Indian-origin theory from an African-origin theory have no time to wait in sorting out whose yoga is older and whose insults are wittier. Based on archaeological, art historical, and classical philological approaches, the findings present an ironic result. The decolonizing project aimed at protecting an Africa origin inevitably engages in its own colonial project, recycling previous colonial-era constructs from reclaimed Egyptian mystery cults. McCartney, Patrick S.D. 2023. "Yoga's Own "N-word" and Afrakan-Inspired Yogic Ethnostates: Kemetic Yoga and “Not Fucking Around” with Colonizing Yogaland’s Newest Frontier." In Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion, edited by Lionel Obadia and Enzo Pace, 124–158. Leiden: Brill. https://www.doi.org/10.1163/9789004686250_008
... O setor do fitness é fortemente marcado por tendências e, todos os anos, o American College of Sports Medicine, uma das organizações mais conceituadas do setor, perspetiva o ano seguinte, publicando as fitness trends. Quando analisamos os últimos três anos, a pandemia que nos assola desde 2020, em grande parte explica as tendências em destaque: treino online, wearable technology e atividades ao arlivre, em 1.º, 2.º e 4.º lugar, para 2021; wearable technology, exercício em casa e atividades ao ar-livre, em 1.º, 2.º e 3.º, para 2022; e wearable technology e atividades ao ar-livre, em 1.º e 6.º, para 2023 (Thompson, 2020(Thompson, , 2021(Thompson, , 2022. ...
A certificação dos profissionais e a contratação de profissionais certificados são uma preocupação constante e atual do setor do fitness em Portugal, pelo que importa a sua análise e consequente reflexão. Assim, pretende-se caracterizar o comportamento do instrutor de Aeróbica, numa fase específica da sessão (aquecimento), e compará-lo segundo a sua formação e experiência. Participaram neste estudo 20 instrutores de Aeróbica, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 42 anos (23.95 ± 6.49). Os dados foram recolhidos com recurso ao Sistema de Observação do Comportamento dos Instrutores de Fitness - Aulas de Grupo (SOCIF-AG). Para comparação, foram criados vários grupos, segundo a sua formação e experiência, e utilizado o teste ANOVA one-way. Na caracterização foi possível compreender os comportamentos-tipo adotados pelos instrutores, em função da sua formação e experiência, e as respetivas tendências. Pela comparação foi possível verificar diferenças significativas ao nível de quatro dimensões (Instrução, Interação, Controle, Outros comportamentos) e cinco categorias (Informação com exercício, Avaliação positiva com exercício, Questionamento com exercício, Afetividade positiva com exercício, Observação com exercício), e de onde proveem. Pelo plasmado em alguns estudos, é possível concluir que o comportamento adotado por instrutores mais experientes poderá servir como referência para os menos experientes, para aumento da retenção/fidelização e satisfação dos praticantes. Palavras-chave: comportamento; instrutor; fitness; formação; experiência.
... CrossFit, a high-intensity interval training, keeps growing in trend since it was established in 2000 by Greg Glassman, an ex-gymnast [1]. According to the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends of 2020, it was placed second in types of fitness favored after wearable technology [2]. It is well known that excessive workout is detrimental to the human body even to the healthiest, most experienced, and most well trained in doing strenuous exercise [3]. ...
CrossFit, a high-intensity interval training, keeps growing in trend and is one of the most favorable types of fitness, after wearable technology. However, an excessive workout is detrimental to the human body, particularly the muscle tissue. CrossFit is known to cause exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, a concerning disease with potentially devastating consequences. Nevertheless, only a few case reports have described this disease, and this is the first case report of such disease in Indonesia to the best of our knowledge.
A 27-year-old, previously healthy and active Indonesian male presented with dark urine and myalgia in lower extremities after 720 repetitions of squats three days before admission. His urinalysis showed +1 blood, 2-7 red blood cells/high power field (HPF), but negative protein. Laboratory results showed an increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (54,250 U/L) and LDH (1,670 U/L) levels, consistent with exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, and serum calcium of 1.87 mmol/L, with normal serum creatinine and BUN level. He was hospitalized for two days and was treated with intravenous hydration therapy. CrossFit-induced rhabdomyolysis is a potentially devastating disease. Apart from prompt diagnosis and
treatment, further research regarding the safe number of repetitions for CrossFit training, particularly for lower extremities is needed. Predictors of CrossFit-induced rhabdomyolysis must be sought throughout, and participants’ awareness should be increased.
... High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is the second worldwide fitness trend for 2020 according to the American College of Sports Medicine's annual survey (Thompson 2019). HIIT involves repeated, short to long bouts of rather a high-intensity exercise (i.e., equal or superior to maximal lactate steady-state velocity) interspersed with recovery periods (i.e., light exercise or rest) (Buchheit and Laursen 2013). ...
Purpose
Physical inactivity and ageing are associated with imbalances in anabolic/catabolic steroid hormones, jeopardizing health. We investigated the effects of three types of training on plasma steroid hormone levels in physically inactive, middle-aged adults.
Methods
A 12-week randomized controlled trial was performed with a parallel-group design. A total of 67 (36 women) middle-aged adults (45–65 years old) were randomly assigned to (1) no exercise (control), (2) concurrent training based on the international physical activity recommendations (PAR), (3) high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or (4) HIIT plus whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS). The training volume in the PAR group was 150 min/week at 60–65% of the heart rate reserve for aerobic training and ~ 60 min/week at 40–50% of the one-repetition maximum for resistance training. The training volume in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups was 40–65 min/week at > 95% of the maximum oxygen uptake in long interval sessions, and > 120% of the maximum oxygen uptake in short interval sessions.
Results
Compared to the control group, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate increased in the PAR, HIIT, and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 14%, ~ 14%, and ~ 20%, respectively; all P < 0.01). Cortisol decreased in the PAR, HIIT, and HIIT + EMS groups (~ − 17%, ~ − 10%, and ~ − 23%, respectively; all P ≤ 0.05). Testosterone increased in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 28%, and ~ 16%, respectively; all P ≤ 0.01). Free testosterone increased in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 30% and ~ 18% respectively; all P ≤ 0.01). No significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin was observed (P = 0.869).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that HIIT, with or without whole-body EMS, can significantly enhance steroid hormones status in previously physically inactive middle-aged adults. The PAR program led to slight improvements than the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups despite the application of a higher training volume.
Clinical trial registry
NCT03334357 (ClinicalTrials.gov). November 7, 2017 retrospectively registered.
... In comparison with quantitative research, which focuses on testing a hypothesis, the qualitative research provides a broader aspect, improving or generating a hypothesis and can be more effective for identifying and exploring humans' perspectives and experiences (Tenny, Brannan, Brannan, & Sharts-Hopko, 2020). Pilates is one of the most dominant fitness methods and physiotherapy exercisebased approaches (Cruz et al., 2016); consequently, it is important to explore the qualitative studies that investigate Pilates-trained physiotherapists and their patients regarding their perspectives, experiences, beliefs and the benefits of this approach. ...
Objectives:
A review of qualitative studies exploring Pilates-trained physiotherapists and their patients' perspectives and experiences of Pilates, aiming to improve practice and provide a deeper insight into the way this method is being utilized along with its effects on participants.
Design:
Qualitative evidence synthesis using meta-ethnography.
Data sources:
A comprehensive search strategy, limited to English language articles, was conducted to MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and Cochrane Central for the period of January 2000 (inception) to June 2020. This was supplemented by identification of Grey literature through Google Scholar, website searching and reference lists.
Study selection:
Qualitative studies reporting experiences and perceptions of patients' or Pilates-trained physiotherapists' regarding the efficacy of Pilates for the management of chronic musculoskeletal conditions. After a process of exclusion, eight studies were included in the synthesis.
Data extraction:
The textual data were analysed by a qualitative software program. Studies were critically appraised independently by two reviewers.
Data synthesis:
Articles were synthesized using a technique of meta-ethnography. Three themes emerged from the process of reciprocal translation: (1) Benefits of the Pilates approach; (2) most effective ways to utilize and most beneficial parameters and (3) risks, precautions, contraindications and indications.
Conclusion:
This is the first qualitative evidence synthesis of practitioners' and patients' perspectives of Pilates. Findings support evidence for the various benefits of this approach and provide fresh insight into the way this method can be practiced to maximize efficiency and focus on the patients' needs.
Key recommendations:
Pilates-trained physiotherapists identified that Pilates can be tailored to individual requirements, preferences and needs, to promote self-management to facilitate clinical and cost-effective care.
... wearables. The use of wearable technology in sports has increased in the past years [15], although the results achieved so far are still far behind the expectations [16]. Rossi et al. [17] proposed a multi-dimensional approach to predict and prevent injuries in football players. ...
Optimizing athlete’s performance is one of the most important and challenging aspects of coaching. Physiological and positional data, often acquired using wearable devices, have been useful to identify patterns, thus leading to a better understanding of the game and, consequently, providing the opportunity to improve the athletic performance. Even though there is a panoply of research in pattern recognition, there is a gap when it comes to non-controlled environments, as during sports training and competition. This research paper combines the use of physiological and positional data as sequential features of different artificial intelligence approaches for action recognition in a real match context, adopting futsal as its case study. The traditional artificial neural networks (ANN) is compared with a deep learning method, Long Short-Term Memory Network, and also with the Dynamic Bayesian Mixture Model, which is an ensemble classification method. The methods were used to process all data sequences, which allowed to determine, based on the balance between precision and recall, that Dynamic Bayesian Mixture Model presents a superior performance, with an F1 score of 80.54% against the 33.31% achieved by the Long Short-Term Memory Network and 14.74% achieved by ANN.
... (7) To solve this problem, one of the exercise options that has been gaining popularity is the practice of high intensity interval training (HIIT). (8) High intensity interval training is considered to be more time-efficient and effective than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). Here we will examine the benefits of HIIT and the current supporting evidence. ...
Physical inactivity have been linked with many major non-communicable diseases and as many as 27.5% of adults globally are considered inactive. Physical activity has been proven to be beneficial in the prevention of many chronic diseases and may reduce the risk of premature death. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been gaining popularity as a time-efficient alternative for regular exercise training. Current studies show that HIIT is more efficient in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing blood pressure than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). The advantage of HIIT in fat loss compared to MICT is still unclear, but HIIT might be more efficient in the obese population. The effect of HIIT on increasing aerobic fitness could be caused by increase in stroke volume due to the increase in cardiac contractility, capillary density and mitochondrial adaptation. Fat loss during HIIT could be caused by increased fat oxidation and elevated hormones that drive lipolysis and reduce appetite. While vigorous physical activity may transiently increase the risk of cardiac events. The effect of HIIT on increasing aerobic fitness could be caused by increase in stroke volume due to the increase in cardiac contractility, increased of capillary density and mitochondrial adaptation. While fat loss during HIIT could be caused by an increased fat oxidation, elevated hormones that drives lipolysis and reduces appetite. While vigorous physical activity may transiently increase the risk of cardiac event. High intensity interval training is generally safe even in the elderly population and in people with coronary heart disease.
... Healthy consumers are tracking sports activities with smartphones or wearable devices and an associated app to control their training progress [40]. Yet, collecting data within a certain health service (via an app) is often merely a "local" use case, i. e. data is stored at a single provider or device and is thus often not shared with healthcare providers, i. e. clinicians or general practitioners [41]. ...
Today, medical data such as diagnoses, procedures, imaging reports and laboratory tests, are not only collected in context of primary research and clinical studies. In addition, citizens are tracking their daily steps, food intake, sport exercises, and disease symptoms via mobile phones and wearable devices. In this context, the topic of “data donation” is drawing increased attention in science, politics, ethics and practice. This paper provides insights into the status quo of personal data donation in Germany and from a global perspective. As this topic requires a consideration of several perspectives, potential benefits and related, multifaceted challenges for citizens, patients and researchers are discussed. This includes aspects such as data quality & accessibility, privacy and ethical considerations.
... Over the past decade, there has been significant growth and interest in commercially available wearable activity trackers (eg, Fitbit, Garmin, and Xiaomi), becoming the number 1 worldwide fitness trend in 2017 [14]. Although research has examined the validity and reliability of such wearable devices for measuring key outcomes such as steps, distance traveled, active minutes, and energy expenditure, their potential impact as tools for promoting physical activity remains poorly understood [15,16]. ...
BACKGROUND
There is increasing availability of, and interest in, wearable activity trackers for children younger than 13 years. However, little is known about how children and parents use these activity trackers or perceive their acceptability.
OBJECTIVE
This study primarily aimed to ascertain parental perspectives on the acceptability and usability of wearables designed to monitor children’s physical activity levels. Secondary aims were to (1) identify practical considerations for future use in physical activity interventions and promotion initiatives; (2) determine use of different features and functions incorporated into the accompanying app; and (3) identify parents’ awareness of their child’s current physical activity levels.
METHODS
In total, 36 children (18 boys and 18 girls) aged 7-12 years were asked to wear a wrist-worn activity tracker (KidFit) for 4 consecutive weeks and to use the accompanying app with parental assistance and guidance. Each week, one parent from each family (n=25; 21 mothers and 4 fathers) completed a Web-based survey to record their child’s activity tracker use, app interaction, and overall experiences. At the end of the 4-week period, a subsample of 10 parents (all mothers) participated in face-to-face interviews exploring perceptions of the acceptability and usability of wearable activity trackers and accompanying apps. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed descriptively and thematically, respectively. Thematic data are presented using pen profiles, which were constructed from verbatim transcripts.
RESULTS
Parents reported that they and their children typically found the associated app easy to use for activity tracking, though only step or distance information was generally accessed and some difficulties interpreting the data were reported. Children were frustrated with not being able to access real-time feedback, as the features and functions were only available through the app, which was typically accessed by, or in the presence of, parents. Parents identified that children wanted additional functions including a visual display to track and self-monitor activity, access to the app for goal setting, and the option of undertaking challenges against schools or significant others. Other barriers to the use of wearable activity trackers included discomfort of wearing the monitor because of the design and the inability to wear for water- or contact-based sports.
CONCLUSIONS
Most parents reported that the wearable activity tracker was easy for their child or children to use and a useful tool for tracking their children’s daily activity. However, several barriers were identified, which may impact sustained use over time; both the functionality and wearability of the activity tracker should therefore be considered. Overall, wearable activity trackers for children have the potential to be integrated into targeted physical activity promotion initiatives.
... Although the concept is not new, the effectiveness and practicability of such training lead to a gradual increase in its popularity. Bodyweight training was ranked fourth position on the list if top 10 fitness trends in 2018 [9]. Apart from the development of muscular strength, bodyweight train-ing improves balance and flexibility, which is especially important from the standpoint of health prevention and cardiorespiratory endurance [10,11]. ...
Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in body compositions and physical fitness among young males performing 10-week bodyweight training. Material and Methods. The study examined body height and composition (body mass, fat percentage and body water) in 15 healthy male adults (23.4 ± 3.3 years, 180.3 ± 6.8 cm, 75.7 ± 7.6 kg). The physical parameters included: running speed, agility, explosive power and strength endurance, flexibility and cardiorespiratory capacity. The examinations were conducted before and after 10 weeks of bodyweight training. Results. The results did not indicate any significant changes (p>0.05) in the body composition of the examined men. Improvement was observed in the measured parameters of physical fitness, agility (4.1%, p<0.01), dynamic strength of the shoulder girdle muscles, the back and the abdomen (by 12.1%, p<0.01), static strength of the right hand (6.7%, p<0.05), strength endurance of the upper limbs (by 30.1%, p<0.01), strength endurance of the body trunk muscles (7.0%, p<0.01), flexibility (20.1%, p<0.05) and cardiorespiratory capacity (6.1%, p<0.05). Conclusions. The bodyweight training by Lauren and Clark does not have a significant effect on changes in body composition, running speed or explosive strength of the lower limbs of young men. The training concept leads to significant improvement in muscle strength and endurance, agility, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility, but due to the high frequency and intensity of exercise , it is recommended for young healthy people who have high motivation and determination in the pursuit of self-improvement regarding physical fitness.
... However, subsequent modifications and refinements, including a scoring algorithm based collectively on body movement and heart rate variability (HRV), enable recent-generation Fitbit models-Fitbit Charge 2, Fitbit Charge 3, Fitbit Alta HR, Fitbit Versa, Fitbit Versa 2, Fitbit Blaze, Fitbit Inspire HR, and Fitbit Ionic-to estimate not only sleep parameters and stages [5], but wake-and sleep-time heart rate [6]. A 2019 survey found wearable technology to be the number one fitness trend worldwide [7]. Fitbit wearables, in particular, are very popular among consumers, with more than 25 million active users in more than 80 countries [8]. ...
BACKGROUND
Wearable sleep monitors are of high interest to consumers and researchers because of their ability to provide estimation of sleep patterns in free-living condition in a cost-efficient way.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic review of publications reporting performance of wristband Fitbit models in assessing sleep parameters and stages.
METHODS
In adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we comprehensively searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochran, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases using keyword ‘Fitbit’ to identify relevant publications meeting predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
The search yielded 1649 candidate articles, with 11 others identified through citations. After eliminating duplicates and in compliance with inclusion/exclusion criteria, 20 qualified for systematic review and with 8 providing quantitative data for meta-analysis. In reference to polysomnography (PSG), non-sleep-staging Fitbit wristband models tended to overestimate Total Sleep Time and Sleep Efficiency and underestimate Wake After Sleep Onset, with accuracy between 0.81 and 0.91, sensitivity between 0.87 and 0.99, and specificity between 0.10 and 0.52 in correctly identifying sleep epochs. In comparison to PSG, Fitbit models that collectively utilized heart rate variability and body movement to assess sleep-stages performed better, and with higher sensitivity (0.95-0.96) and specificity (0.58-0.69), than early-generation non-sleep-staging Fitbit models that utilized only body movement. Moreover, relative to standard PSG, performance of sleep-staging Fitbit models was better than that reported for actigraphy.
CONCLUSIONS
Sleep-staging Fitbit models show promising performance, especially in differentiating wake from sleep. However, although a convenient and economical means for consumers to obtain gross estimates of sleep parameters and time spent in sleep stages, they are of limited specificity and not a substitute for PSG.
... Thanks to this advantage, these devices are becoming increasingly popular among the active population (Delgardo-Gonzales et al., 2015). The American College of Sports Medicine has listed wearables as the most important fitness trend in 2016/2017 and in the top three ranking predicted for 2018 (Thompson, 2016(Thompson, , 2017. This enormous potential and the relatively small number of scientific studies, especially under real conditions (Wahl et. ...
The possibilities of continuously monitoring everyday training have become more varied and precise. Fitness trackers are common devices used for collecting training data. The aim of this study was to validate the optical heart rate (HR) and global positioning system (GPS) distance measurements under real conditions. In total, 30 moderate endurance-trained adults (15 males/15 females) completed a running test battery, 3 km of walking and running and 1.6 km of interval running, with optical HR measurement. The distance measurement test battery consisted of swimming for 500 and 1000 m, biking for 4.3 and for 36.7 km, stadium running for 3 km, walking and running for 1.6-km intervals, and off-road running for 3 and for 7.1 km. The criterion measurements consisted of HR measurement via chest strap and distance measurement via map in a 400‑m stadium and 50‑m pool. The differences between the measured HR/GPS distance data and the criterion measurement were calculated using several statistical methods. The t-test analysis of HR measurements showed significant differences during the 1.6 km of interval running (p < 0.049) over seven phases and at resting HR (RestHR; p < 0.021). The false discovery rate (FDR) calculation showed similar results (p < 0.047; p < 0.026; effect sizes interval running d > 0.67; RestHR d > 1.12). The t-test analysis of distance showed significant differences in biking (p = 0.000) and running test results (p < 0.002). The effect sizes were d < −0.47 and d > 0.72, respectively. The median absolute percentage error (MAPE) was <2.75% for biking and running and <4.50% for swimming. This study showed significant inaccuracies in optical HR measurements during rapidly changing HRs in real field testing for the first time. The GPS measurements also showed significant differences, but MAPEs were negligible. Therefore, optical HR measurement should be used on a limited basis, while distance/speed control can be used without restrictions.
... Thanks to this advantage, these devices are becoming increasingly popular among the active population (Delgardo-Gonzales et al., 2015). The American College of Sports Medicine has listed wearables as the most important fitness trend in 2016/2017 and in the top three ranking predicted for 2018 (Thompson, 2016(Thompson, , 2017. This enormous potential and the relatively small number of scientific studies, especially under real conditions (Wahl et. ...
Introduction: The possibilities of continuously monitoring everyday training have
become more varied and precise. Fitness trackers are common devices used for
collecting training data. The aim of this study was to validate the optical heart rate (HR)
and GPS distance measurements under real conditions.
Methods: Thirty moderate endurance-trained adults (15 males/ 15 females) completed
a running test- battery, 3 km of walking and running, and 1.6 km of interval- running
with optical HR measurement. The distance measurement test- battery consisted of
swimming for 500/ 1000 m, biking for 4.3/ 36.7 km, stadium-running for 3 km, walking
and running for 1.6 km interval and off-road- running for 3/7.1 km. The criterion
measurements consisted of HR- measurement via chest strap and distance
measurement via map/ 400 m stadium/ 50 m pool. The differences between the
measured HR/ GPS- distance data and the criterion measurement were calculated
using several statistical methods.
Results: T-test analysis of HR measurement showed significant differences during the
1.6 km of interval- running p<0.049 during seven phases and at rest HR (RestHR)
p<0.021. The false discovery rate (FDR) calculation showed similar results p<0.047;
p<0.026; Effect sizes interval- running d>0.67; RestHR d>1.12. T-test analysis distance
showed significant differences in biking p=0.000 and running tests p<0.002. The effect
sizes were d<-0.47 and d>0.72, respectively. Medium absolute percentage error
(MAPE) showed < 2.75% for biking and running and < 4.50% for swimming.
Discussion: This study showed significant inaccuracies in optical HR measurements
during rapidly changing HRs in real field-testing for the first time. GPS measurements
also showed significant differences, but MAPEs were negligible. Therefore, optical HR
measurement should be used on a limited basis, while distance/ speed control can be
used without restrictions.
... According to the recently published World Wide Survey of Fitness Trends, body weight resistance training (BWRT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have become increasingly popular modes of exercise (Thompson, 2014(Thompson, , 2018. Thompson (2014) believes that BWRT and HIIT are most popular because they are relatively inexpensive means of exercise, often require minimal equipment, and are mostly effective at promoting improvements in physical fitness. ...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement of five commercially available accelerometers in estimating energy expenditure while performing an acute bout of high-intensity functional training (HIFT). Methods: Participants (n = 47; average age: 28.5 ± 11.6 years) consisted of recreationally active, healthy adults. Each participant completed a session of HIFT: a 15-minute workout consisting of 12 repetitions each of air-squats, sit-ups, push-ups, lunges, pull-ups, steps-ups, and high-knees; performed circuit-style by completing as many rounds as possible. During this session, each participant wore the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic analyzer (PMA) and five different accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X, Nike Fuelband, Fitbit One, Fitbit Charge HR, and Jawbone UP Move). Results: Four of the five activity trackers reported lower (p < .05) total EE values compared to the PMA during the acute bout of HIFT. The waist-mounted device (ActiGraph, 182.55 ± 37.93 kcal) was not significantly different from, and most closely estimated caloric expenditure compared to the PMA (144.99 ± 37.13 kcal) (p = .056). A repeated-measures ANOVA showed that all activity trackers were significantly different from the reference measure (PMA) (p < .05). Systematic relative agreement between the activity trackers was calculated, exhibiting a significant ICC = 0.426 (F [46,230] = 5.446 [p < .05]). Conclusion: The wrist- and hip-mounted activity trackers did not accurately assess energy expenditure during HIFT exercise. With the exception of the ActiGraph GT3X, the remaining four activity trackers showed inaccurate estimates of the amount of kilocalories expended during the HIFT exercise bout compared to the PMA.
... New training trends demand unilateral daily-life and sports specific exercises (Thompson, 2017), in which several planes, muscle groups, and joints are involved at the same time, with a greater demand for stability and performing gestures similar to those that appear in sports practice (e.g. braking, changes of direction, throwing or striking) (Gonzalo-Skok et al., 2017). ...
This study aimed to analyse whether increasing the eccentric overload (EO) during resistance training, in terms of range of motion and/or velocity using an electric-motor device, would induce different muscle adaptations than conventional flywheel-EO resistance training. Forty physically active university students (21.7 ± 3.4 years) were randomly placed into one of the three training groups (EX1, EX2, FW) and a control group without training (n = 10 per group). Participants in the training groups completed 12 sessions (4 sets of 7 repetitions) of iso-inertial single-leg squat training over 6 weeks for the dominant leg. Resistance was generated either by an electric-motor device at two different velocities for the eccentric phase; 100% (EX1) or 150% (EX2) of concentric speed, or by a conventional flywheel device (FW). Thigh lean tissue mass, unilateral leg press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), unilateral muscle power at different percentages of the 1-RM and bilateral/unilateral vertical jump were assessed before and after the 6-week training. There were significant (p < 0.05–0.001) main effects of time in the 3 training groups, indicating increased thigh lean tissue mass (2.5–5.8%), 1-RM load (22.4–30.2%), vertical jump performance (9.1–32.9%) and muscle power (8.8–21.7%), without differences across experimental groups. Participants in the control group did not improve any of the variables measured. In addition, EX2 showed greater gains in eccentric average peak power during training than EX1 and FW (p < 0.001). Despite the different EO offered, 6 weeks of resistance training using flywheel or electric-motor devices induced similar significant gains in muscle mass, strength, muscle power and vertical jump.
... For the past three years, wearable technology (e.g., activity trackers, smart watches, heart rate monitors, and GPS tracking devices) has been a top worldwide fitness trend (Thompson, 2015(Thompson, , 2016(Thompson, , 2017, and continues to be a multibillion dollar industry (Salah, MacIntosh, & Rajakulendran, 2014). Over 75% of runners use wearable technology and/or running-related apps for training optimization and distance recording on a consistent basis (Janssen, Scheerder, Thibaut, Brombacher, & Vos, 2017;Pobiruchin, Suleder, Zowalla, & Wiesner, 2017). ...
Understanding the user experience between runners and wearable technology is crucial for designing personalized and effective wearable technology features for injury prevention. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to understand the attitudes and beliefs for competitive and recreational runners towards wearable technology as well as its potential use for preventing injury. Survey data were drawn from 663 respondents. Competitive runners preferred GPS running watches and were interested in tracking personalized data to optimize running efficiency, whereas recreational runners used mobile phones/apps and wristband activity trackers to increase motivation. All runners believed that basic metrics found in wearable technology were most important for injury prevention; however, more advanced metrics had little importance. This paper illustrates the importance of understanding different user experiences for recreational and competitive runners in relation to wearable technology, and encourages the human-computer interaction research community to identify methods in personalizing complex running-related wearable technology data.
... In this way, the demand for evaluation methods using mobile devices has increased. In addition to the technological advancement of smartphones, mobile apps have rapidly evolved from a trend [13] to a well-stablished part of sports and exercise medicine in constant and fast evolution [14]. Therefore, the MyJump2 app has become a viable option for evaluating jump heights. ...
Background: Vertical jumps can be used to assess neuromuscular status in sports performance. This is particularly important in Cerebral Palsy Football (CP Football) because players are exposed to high injury risk, but it may be complicated because the gold standard for assessing jump performance is scarce in field evaluation. Thus, field techniques, such as mobile apps, have been proposed as an alternative method for solving this problem.
... This training method has proven effective for the improvement of important health indicators such as cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic biomarkers (e.g., of glucose control/insulin resistance) and body composition in both healthy and clinical populations ( Gibala et al., 2012;Weston K.S. et al., 2014;Weston M. et al., 2014;Milanovi´cMilanovi´c et al., 2015;Wewege et al., 2017). Attending to the most recent annual survey of the American College of Sports Medicine, resistance training (RT) is also rapidly becoming one of the largest fitness trends (Thompson, 2017). RT has proven effective not only for the promotion of muscle mass/strength gains as traditionally thought (Borde et al., 2015), but also for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance or hypertension ( Ibanez et al., 2005;Strasser et al., 2010). ...
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the response to acute exercise of several myokines/hormones involved in metabolic function between two types of training sessions that are growing in popularity for their purported cardiometabolic benefits, high-intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance training (RT).
Methods: Seventeen healthy, non-athletic men (23 ± 3 years) participated in this cross-over study. They randomly performed a HIIT [with short (HIIT1) or long (HIIT2) intervals] or a RT session. The concentration of fibroblast-growth factor (FGF) 21, follistatin, ghrelin, interleukin-15, irisin, myostatin, and peptide YY was measured at baseline and 0, 1, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. An individual approach was adopted to determine the rate of responsiveness to each specific cytokine and training mode.
Results: A significant condition (session type) by time interaction (p = 0.004) effect was observed for FGF21, with RT eliciting a greater area under the curve (AUC) concentration than HIIT1 (p = 0.02). The AUC for follistatin was significantly greater after HIIT2 compared with RT (p = 0.02). Individual responsiveness to all session types ranged between 19 and 93% depending on the cytokine. However, most subjects (71–100%) responded positively for all cytokines (except for irisin, with only 53% of responders) after 1+ session type.
Conclusion: Except for FGF21, our results show no overall differences in the myokine response to HIIT or RT. A considerable individual variability was observed, with some subjects responding to some but not other training session types. Notwithstanding, most responded to at least one training session. Thus, it is mostly the individual response of each subject rather than general recommendations on type of training session (i.e., RT vs. HIIT or HIIT subtypes) that must be taken into consideration for maximizing cardiometabolic benefits in the context of personalized exercise prescription.
... Wearable activity monitoring devices have gained significant, recent popularity for personal tracking of physical activity and related health behaviors, ranking among the top fitness trends in the last 3 years ( Thompson, 2015Thompson, , 2016Thompson, , 2017. While early trackers were primarily designed for metrics such as steps, cal- ories burned, distance walked, moderate-or vigorous- intensity, and sleep (Evenson, Goto, & Furberg, 2015), some newer devices have been designed for sport- specific metrics such as sprint acceleration, swing speed (of a baseball bat, golf club, tennis racket), and jump height. ...
Introduction: Wearable activity monitors have been developed for jump height assessment, but the Blast Athletic Performance monitor has not yet been validated, and it remains unclear if the Blast can track changes across a sports season. Methods: Collegiate women’s volleyball players (n = 20) wore the Blast monitor (waistband) while performing standing vertical jumps (SVJs) and one-step vertical jumps (OSJs) weekly during and after a 9-week season. Jump heights from the Blast were compared to a Vertec (criterion). Results: Correlations of Blast and Vertec were moderately high (r = 0.67–0.69), but the Blast underestimated SVJ and OSJ (9.2–10.0 cm), with mean absolute percent errors 19.8–21.0%. A + 23% correction factor reduced errors to 10.5–11.3%. The Blast did not detect small decreases (2–4 cm) in criterion-measured jump height in the postseason. Conclusion: The Blast underestimated jump height and had limited ability to detect changes of up to 5.0 cm following a volleyball season. A relative correction lowered, but did not eliminate, measurement error.
... In this way, the demand for evaluation methods using mobile devices has increased. In addition to the technological advancement of smartphones, mobile applications rapidly evolved from a trend [13] to a well stablished part of sports and exercise medicine in constant and fast evolution [14]. Therefore, the MyJump2 TM application becomes a viable option that evaluates jump heights. ...
... Wearable technology was rated as the top fitness trend the past two years (Thompson, 2015(Thompson, , 2016, and this tendency is expected to grow as the use of activity tracking devices becomes more pervasive. A number of recent investigations have determined the accuracy of wearable devices in determining step count in the laboratory (An, Jones, Kang, Welk, & Lee, 2017;Chen, Kuo, Pellegrini, & Hsu, 2016;Fokkema, Kooiman, Krijnen, Van Der Schans, & De Groot, 2017;Nelson, Kaminsky, Dickin, & Montoye, 2016), or during flat ground walking and/or stair climbing (An, Jones, Kang, Welk, & Lee, 2017;Huang, Xu, Yu, & Shull, 2016). ...
Because wearable technology is ubiquitous, it is important to determine validity and reliability not only in a laboratory setting, but applied environments where the general population utilizes the devices. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine intra-rater reliability of visual step count outdoors, 2) determine validity of commercially available wearable technology devices in this setting, and 3) report test-retest reliability of commercial devices during hiking and trail running. Individuals ( N = 20) completed 5-min hikes and trail runs on a 200-m section of trail while wearing the following devices: Fitbit Surge 2, Garmin Vivosmart HR+, Leaf Health Tracker, Polar A360, Samsung Gear 2, Spire Activity Tracker, and Stryd Power Meter. Intra-rater reliability and test-retest reliability was determined through Intraclass Correlation (ICC), while validity was determined via Bland-Altman analysis (limits of agreement; LoA), mean average percentage error (MAPE), and ICC. Significance was accepted at the p < .05 level. Steps determined by two independent counters were significantly reliable for the hike (ICC = 0.993, p < 0.001) and trail run (ICC = 0.991, p < 0.001). Three devices were valid across both exercise types and all methods of validity: Garmin Vivosmart HR+ (MAPE = 5.4%, ICC = 0.815, LoA = −58.1 to 50.4), Leaf Health Tracker (MAPE = 8.4%, ICC = 0.816, LoA = −78.8 to 39.4), and Stryd Power Meter (MAPE = 4.7%, ICC = 0.799, LoA = −34.3 to 78.9). As only certain devices returned valid step measurements, continued testing in applied environments are needed to have confidence in utilizing technology to track health and activity goals.
... Overall, obtained data complement presently available knowledge about interactions between intensity as well as duration of interval protocols and recovery. This is particularly significant in the context of the latest recommendations of American College of Sports Medicine; which cites high/sprint intensity interval training as the most effective form of exercise (Thompson, 2017). ...
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of applying two different rest recovery times in a 10-s sprint interval training session on aerobic and anaerobic capacities as well as skeletal muscle enzyme activities.
Methods: Fourteen physically active but not highly trained male subjects (mean maximal oxygen uptake 50.5 ± 1.0 mlO2·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) participated in the study. The training protocol involved a series of 10-s sprints separated by either 1-min (SIT10:1) or 4-min (SIT10:4) of recovery. The number of sprints progressed from four to six over six sessions separated by 1–2 days rest. Pre and post intervention anthropometric measurements, assessment of aerobic, anaerobic capacity and muscle biopsy were performed. In the muscle samples maximal activities of citrate synthase (CS), 3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase (HADH), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (CPT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and its mitochondrial form (mMDH), as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Analysis of variance was performed to determine changes between conditions.
Results: Maximal oxygen uptake improved significantly in both training groups, by 13.6% in SIT10:1 and 11.9% in SIT10:4, with no difference between groups. Wingate anaerobic test results indicated main effect of time for total work, peak power output and mean power output, which increased significantly and similarly in both groups. Significant differences between training groups were observed for end power output, which increased by 10.8% in SIT10:1, but remained unchanged in SIT10:4. Both training protocols induced similar increase in CS activity (main effect of time p < 0.05), but no other enzymes.
Conclusion: Sprint interval training protocols induce metabolic adaptation over a short period of time, and the reduced recovery between bouts may attenuate fatigue during maximal exercise.
... Wearable activity monitoring devices have gained significant, recent popularity for personal tracking of physical activity and related health behaviors, ranking among the top fitness trends in the last 3 years ( Thompson, 2015Thompson, , 2016Thompson, , 2017. While early trackers were primarily designed for metrics such as steps, cal- ories burned, distance walked, moderate-or vigorous- intensity, and sleep (Evenson, Goto, & Furberg, 2015), some newer devices have been designed for sport- specific metrics such as sprint acceleration, swing speed (of a baseball bat, golf club, tennis racket), and jump height. ...
Die Trainingswissenschaft ist aus der Trainingslehre sowie aus Handlungsanleitungen erfolgreicher Trainer entstanden. Die zentralen Gegenstandsbereiche adressieren auf das motorische Training, die Leistungsfähigkeit, den Wettkampf sowie die Leistungsdiagnostik. Die Adressatengruppen reichen vom Freizeit-, Breiten-, Spitzensport bis zum Gesundheitssport und decken die Klientel vom Kinder-, Jugend-, Aktiven Sport bis Sportangebote mit älteren Altersgruppen ab. Neue Technologien, digitale Anwendung und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) als gesellschaftliche Megathemen, beeinflussen den Sport und insbesondere die Trainingswissenschaft auf fundamentale Weise und können im Positiven wie im Negativen als potenzieller Gamechanger (Spielveränderer) angesehen werden. Vertrauen, Wissen und ein kritischer reflektierter Blick auf die jeweilige Technologie, die digitale Anwendung sowie auf die Modelle der KI sind dabei wesentliche Voraussetzung, damit die Chancen der KI für den Sport und in die Trainingswissenschaft erkannt werden und Nutzenpotenziale zur Anwendung gelangen. Nationale und internationale datenschutzrechtliche, ethische und gesellschaftliche sowie fachinterne Diskussionen sind in diesem Kontext zu berücksichtigen und für die Scientific Community der Trainingswissenschaft anzustoßen. Wissen zu KI, Vertrauenswürdigkeit und erklärbare Modelle sind zu fokussieren.
Palabras clave: encuesta española fitness, tendencias fitness, industria fitness, encuesta ACSM Abstract. This is the eighth edition of the National Surveys of Fitness Trends in Spain, which replicate the methodology of international surveys on global fitness trends developed and promoted by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Every year since 2017, the objective of this study is to determine the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector based on the results obtained from the survey conducted for 2024, as well as compare these results with those reported in the 2023 national and international surveys. Additionally, the potential current impact of COVID-19 on the sector and the main trends identified by the respondents were also analyzed. The survey was sent to 7,055 professionals related to the fitness sector, resulting in a response rate of 7.2%, that to say 511 professionals (28.3 % women) answered the survey. The five most relevant trends for 2024 were, in descending order: "functional fitness training", "hiring certified professionals", "personal training in small groups", "personal training", and "exercise regulation of fitness professionals". As has been happening in recent editions, the trends in the top-20 in Spain for 2024 were consistent with those reported in 2023, both in the number of coincidences (18 common trends), positions occupied (within the top-10 there were 9 trends common to both surveys), as well as in the top-1 (functional fitness training). Similarly, there was a greater discrepancy between the 2024 Spanish survey and the 2023 international survey, with 6 coincident trends within the top-10, 13 common trends in the top-20 and a clear disparity in relation to the positions occupied. These results confirm, in line with previous editions, the consistency of trends in the Spanish fitness sector and the consequent divergence with international trends. Keywords: Spanish fitness survey, fitness trends, fitness industry, ACSM survey
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted human lifestyles across the world. Lockdowns and home confinement decreased prior opportunities for everyday physical activity. To retrospectively assess how the Austrian population coped with these aspects of the crisis, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey from March to September 2021 using a structured questionnaire in German. In total, 1214 participants (56.9% females, mean age 37.0 years) living across Austria shared self-reported information on sociodemographic characteristics, indoor and outdoor physical activity, reasons for being outdoors, and life satisfaction before and after the emergence of the virus. As a result, overall indoor physical activity significantly decreased in a before–during COVID-19 crisis comparison, although exercising at home with online instructions increased by about 63%. Exercising outdoors increased overall, specifically in periurban forests and rural areas, both by about 9%. Life satisfaction decreased significantly by 19.7% (p < 0.001). Outdoor public places and natural environments gained importance due to restrictions affecting access to sport facilities. Further research is needed to evaluate benefits and therapeutic values of outdoor nature for physical and mental health in times of a global pandemic to maintain resilient societies, as it might impact future active living and life satisfaction.
This study analyzed the responses of 24 sessions of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Continuous Moderate (CM) on tissue damage, oxidative stress and glycemic profile of rats in liquid medium. Twenty-four Wistar rats participated, divided into three groups: sedentary (GSED), the one who performed the HIIT (GHIIT) and the one who performed the CM (GCM). Performed three times a week alternately for 8 weeks, and the GHIIT performed 20 seconds of exercise for 10 rest. The CM was a moderate intensity swim. GHIIT increased creatine kinase compared to GSED (GSED: 140.40 + 35.48 U / I; GHIIT: 442.60 + 8.35 U / I; p = 0.0008, representing a percentage increase of 215.24); lactate dehydrogenase was increased in GHIIT and GCM compared to GSED (GSED: 112.8 + 28.08 U / I; GHIIT: 250.9 + 70.67 U / I, a percentage increase of 122.42; GCM: 241.8 + 100.70 U / I, with a percentage increase 114.36; p = 0.006), in contrast, GHIIT increased non-oxidized liver sulfhydryls compared to GCM (GHIIT: 498.70 + 214.30 nmol / ml; GCM: 270.50 + 104.40 nmol / ml, the percentage change was 84.36; p = 0.03). There was greater glycemic maintenance in the GCM (p = 0.0002). It is concluded that the protocols of HIIT and CM, of this study, point to a possible tissue injury, in contrast, HIIT develops the adaptive capacity of the hepatic antioxidant system and the CM promotes greater glycemic support.
In this editorial, we will discuss one promising tool to encourage physical activity participation in individuals with chronic disease: The use of wearable technology.
Physical activity has been positively related to better cognitive performance though the effects of varied exercise type and intensity and the duration of cognitive benefits are unclear. This study analyzed the effect of 16 minutes of monitored cooperative high-intensity interval training (monitored C-HIIT) at the start of the school day, on various cognitive variables over the next 24–48 hours. We randomly assigned 158 participants either to a control group (n = 81) that engaged only in static stretching or to an experimental group (n = 77) that performed monitored C-HIIT. We assessed cognitive functioning before the exercise, immediately afterward, and for five follow-up time points over the next two days (i.e., at 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 hours). We analyzed age, sex, body mass index, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as potential confounder variables. Adolescents in the monitored C-HIIT group increased selective attention by 17.39% during the next hour (p = .015) and increased concentration by 20.31% and 15.26% during the first (p = .022) and second (p = .059) subsequent hours, respectively. This positive short-term benefit of monitored C-HIIT during immediate subsequent hours is an important finding with implications for the school curricula and schedule.
Learning Objectives From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts: • The difference between a fad and a trend. • Worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical (including medical fitness), and community health fitness industry. • Expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2017.
From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:
• the difference between a fad and a trend
• worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical (including
medical fitness), and community health fitness industry
• expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2014
From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:
• the difference between a fad and a trend
• worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical (including
medical fitness), and community health fitness industry
• expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2015
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:
• The difference between a fad and a trend
• Worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical, and community health and fitness industry
• Expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2010
LEARNING OBJECTIVE: • From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts: 1. the difference between a fad and a trend, 2. worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical, and community health and fitness industry, and 3. expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2008.
Learning Objectives: From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:
1. The difference between a fad and a trend
2. Worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical, and community health and fitness industry
3. Expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2007
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:
• The difference between a fad and a trend.
• Worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical, and community health and fitness industry.
• Expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2009.