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... It could be understand that both these aspects are strongly linked with each other also from the viewpoint of risks and from that of chances, therefore it has existed, it exists and it will continue to exist due to the interest for an optimal management of their impacts. For the treatment of this kind of problematics is available a quite enough extended litterature [3,9,10,20,31,33], in which are studied particular cases together with their generalizations. Relying in these studies are realized (carried out) the concrete projects connected with the reduction or avoidance of mining damages. ...
... In the litterature [2,3,11,24] it is paid a particuliar attention to the problem of mine workings' exploitations regarding the damages caused either in the human activities (people life and endangering of objects, facilities where they develop their activities or in the environment (impacts on the flora, fauna and habitat in general). On this basis are recommended the treatment methodics that are dealing with the analysis of mining damages [16,20,24], and also the assessment of mines' environmental impact [3,21]. ...
... In the litterature [2,3,11,24] it is paid a particuliar attention to the problem of mine workings' exploitations regarding the damages caused either in the human activities (people life and endangering of objects, facilities where they develop their activities or in the environment (impacts on the flora, fauna and habitat in general). On this basis are recommended the treatment methodics that are dealing with the analysis of mining damages [16,20,24], and also the assessment of mines' environmental impact [3,21]. In the all cases, firstly, is required a acknowledgement of problematics as full as possible, which in any case have their specifications that are deriving from the geologic, hydrogeologic and technical-mining conditions, used mining methods, geologic-mine survey documentation, monitoring ways up to the recommendations connected with the impact assessment and rehabilitation of the influenced sectors for an utilization as much as useful of them. ...
This Monograph will serve to the readers to understand problems of abandoned, reactivated mine workings' exploitations. Using GIS technology it help to knows, and to use an automated and standardized model in assessment of susceptibility as well as compilation of Geo-risk maps. From the other side gives possibility to provide solutions in conformity with requirements for best managing of risks and chances. As practical aspects of the assessment of susceptibility, compilation and usage of Geo-risk maps for management of abandoned mine workings' exploitations this Monograph presents the management of risks and chances in the conditions of abandoned mine workings' exploitations, in general, and particular to the chromium mining region of Bulqiza in Albania.
... industrialization, capitalism, scientization, secularization, etc. That social theory today is still heavily influenced by the legacy of these classical authors is evident in the works of Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, who also neglect to assign a proper role to the media in their theories (Allan et al. 2000;Cottle 1998). Nonetheless, central to processes of modernization in general, and to globalization, detraditionalization and the increasing level of social reflexivity in particular, is the development of communication media and the ensuing mediatization of society and culture, both of which are also an integral part of the rise of modern societies. ...
... When it comes to the coverage of environmental risks, news coverage has systematically been found to prefer the spectacular (and often visually sensational) events over everyday hazards, such as a pesticide-driven agriculture, for instance (Allan 2002; Allan et al. 2000;Hansen 1993). Coverage has also systematically been found to be event-centered as opposed to issue-sensitive. ...
... It also fulfills the expectation that a single explanation should exist (Priest 2001: 11) This conclusion is problematic in a context of reflexive modernization in which citizen groups and environmental movements are found to publicize the existence of modernization risks, to make claims about them, often in the face of a "scientific consensus" that denies their existence. But not only pressure groups are vying for media attention (Allan et al. 2000;Anderson 2000;Hansen 1993;Miller and Riechert 2000;Mormont and Dasnoy 1995), so are companies and industry associations that increasingly promote their technological products by using the prestige of science and technology to enhance their claims as well as their credibility in general (Bauer 2008;Fennel 2009;Nelkin 1995;Roe and Van den Bulck 2001). Scientific images and scientists are increasingly brought forward in advertising and PR-efforts to instil confidence in commercial products. ...
This dissertation starts by introducing two structural developments in our late modern societies with important consequences for the relation between science and the public sphere: reflexive modernization and the commercialization of science. The following review of the literature on “media and science” first identifies a dominant science- and media-centred approach which defines their relation primarily as a problem of communication. Not only is this approach found to be based on outdated communication models, but it also fails in a context of reflexive modernization and commercialization. Its remarkable tenacity in official circles and public debate (see the PUS-debate) is explained by its ideological usefulness. An alternative media-sociological approach is subsequently put forward which considers their relation as a social and political matter in the sense that it constitutes a primary site of struggle over the legitimacy of science in late modern societies by functioning as a site of contestation over different representations. The research questions in this approach focus on understanding how science is represented in the media and by whom, and how this relates to issues of access. The results point to a relatively effective control of its public image, which indicates that science has in fact successfully adapted to the mediatisation of society.
Starting from the latter approach, the second empirical part reports on the results of a multi-method research study of press coverage of GM crops and food in five Belgian newspapers for the period between 1998 and 2007. The central research question is how this type of social conflict is represented in the news and what ideological representations are manifested in this process. In turn, four research papers analyze (i) how different biotechnological applications are represented in popular newspapers, (ii) why and how we find local NGOs performing a role as alternative science communicators, (iii) what interpretive frames are sponsored by science, industry and NGOs, (iv) how five Belgian newspapers construct an ideological “preferred meaning” of this debate between 1998 and 2007, and (v) how different values explain the construction and re-definition of scientific truth-claims, their sources and illations drawn from knowledge for political (in)action.
... Mass media play a key role in risk and crisis communication, serving as the main information source for millions of people regarding natural, political and social events (e.g. Gamson and Modigliani, 1989;Allan et al., 2000;Dixon et al., 2008 ;Aday, 2010). They influence people's perceptions of various actors involved in understanding, monitoring hazards, and managing their effects, as well as their performance during events (Harris et al., 2012). ...
Media, especially the press, play a crucial role in shaping public understanding and representations during risk and crisis management, acting as intermediaries between various actors and the public. However, their framing of sources can introduce biases into representations. Limited analysis exists regarding how press coverage portrays relationships between crisis and risk management actors. Using Social Network Analysis, we map quotation networks in press coverage of a seismo-volcanic crisis in Mayotte, a French overseas department allowing us to: i) have an overview of the relationships between actors; ii) highlight unique aspects related to the context and media portrayal; iii) display underlying representations and levels of trust among interviewed actors and iv) visualises networks’ dynamics over time. Analysis revealed variations in narrative approaches among newspapers, with some focusing on specific aspects. General results show that national authorities received more attention than local elected representatives, and scientific figures dominated reported speeches, while the population's perspective remained relatively passive despite their centrality to the quotation network. Identified individuals held significant positions, emphasising the importance of personal connection in communication and revealing a potential distrust toward political and scientific institutions. This underscores the need for proximity between sources and the community.
... Iraq is working on "weapons that spew radioactivity, mobile bio-weapons facilities, and a new long-range ballistic missile," according to a defector, who also "tells of work on at least 20 hidden weapons sites." It is "undisputed fact" that 9/11 hijacker Mohamed Atta met with Iraqi intelligence officers in Prague [4]. Not only are the war's six-figure death toll and the Iraqi per capita GDP's failure to recover to prewar levels significant a decade later, but so is the media's failure to accurately portray the situation. ...
The media's coverage of environmental events and concerns has developed in tandem with the
public's growing knowledge and concern for these topics. In addition, audiences are more
interested in stories that employ environmental concerns as a hook. As a result, there is a
growing concern over the veracity of environmental reporting in a field where many journalists
come from non-scientific backgrounds. In addition, the few minutes given on a mainstream
national news programme might be sensationalised to increase viewing or reading numbers
rather than explain the nuances of the issues, despite the fact that they feature striking photos of
environmental destruction and harsh weather.
... From a risk management perspective, a company's social/environmental risks increase and its financial stability and operation efficiency decrease if it does not properly address the legitimate expectations of secondary stakeholders. At an international level, secondary stakeholders like Greenpeace can exert pressures on a company's social legitimacy and reputation when a company does not respond to its requests for greater environmental protection (Allan et al., 2000). While at the local level, environmental activists have increased the political risks for resource extraction companies by delaying a company's ability to initiate governmentapproved projects ("Betrayed" Canadians, 2018). ...
... The mass media stand at the intersection of this discourse as a conduit between the sci-entific body, the political community and the public sphere. In transporting and translating scientific knowledge for common understanding, the media play a pivotal role in the public perception of risk (Nelkin, 1987;; Allan, Adam, & Carter, 2000). Further, they influence public opinion and the policymaking process. ...
... Key examples of recent work in this area include those by Lester (2010), Hansen (2010), Boykoff (2011), and Doyle (2011). These, in turn, built on earlier works by Wilson (1991), Hansen (1993), Hannigan (1995), Dale (1996), Anderson (1997), DeLuca (1999), Shanahan and McComas (1999), Mitman (1999), Allan, Adam, and Carter (2000), Bousé (2000), Ingram (2000), Brereton (2004), and Corbett (2006), among many others. These efforts provide a perspective on which issues are more salient and how they are framed, as well as on the myriad of factors that shape news coverage and media representations. ...
Scholars of environmental communication acknowledge the importance of visual representations in shaping perceptions and actions in relation to environmental affairs. Unlike with other media, including newspapers, television and film, research on the visualization of nature and environmental issues in magazines is rare. This study focuses on the covers of Time magazine, one of the world's most influential news weeklies. A dataset that includes all relevant covers from 1923 to 2011 is examined using a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis to analyze the visual representation of nature and environmental issues. The results show that the presence of environmental issues and nature on the covers has increased over the decades. Furthermore, Time takes an advocacy position on some environmental issues, but it is a shallow one that is weakly argued through less-than-engaging imagery and fails to offer much in the way of solutions or agency to the reader.
... Media's ability -or inability -to represent complex issues, balance interests, include multiple voices and manage uncertainties has attracted much scholarly interest (see, e.g. Allan et al., 2000). Furthermore, the ongoing commercialization of the media and resulting content biases have been critically discussed (Herman and Chomsky, 2002). ...
What are the conditions for the public understanding of biofuels and how do the media shape these conditions under the influence of a new production of knowledge? This article investigates how the biofuel controversy plays out in the Swedish press and Google search engine results and analyses winners and losers in the tight attention economy of contemporary media. It describes different visibility strategies biofuel stakeholders employ in both media arenas, and identifies a form of technoscientific promotion that hybrid actors use to succeed in the day-to- day struggle for media attention. To conclude, it raises broader societal questions of the contemporary blurring of knowledge boundaries and the emergence of new information hierarchies and their biases. By understanding how contemporary media shape controversies, we can address the democratic potential of both mass media and science.
The chapter addresses the first research question: What does “crisis” in “crisis reporting” mean? Based on the data, the author argues that for journalists, crisis is defined by its polyphony and multi-level scope. Crisis is both an inside-the-media situation and an outside-the-media major negative event, defined by the suffering of individuals. Crisis is both short-term and continuous, both real and media-constructed. As a result, crisis is a ubiquitous, all-encompassing phenomenon, an environment for life; the journalists live inside the crisis, rather than with it or next to it. This also means that crisis reporters simply cannot be mere observers and non-actors. The fictional plot of the chapter observes James queuing, entering the airplane, and meeting other fictional characters.
The author delimits the research problem and questions. Based on the literature review of existing research on emotions and media, she argues that within media and journalism studies, the emotional aspects of crisis reporting are persistently under-researched and under-theorized. The vast majority of research on the media in crises focuses on the coverage of crisis situations. Those studies that address journalists’ practices and professionalism mention emotions only in the margins. Kotišová argues that what thus needs to be addressed is the meaning of “crisis” in “crisis reporting,” crisis reporters’ emotional experience, and the role of newsmaking technology in shaping of the experience. The fictional story in this chapter is located at an airport. The readers get acquainted with the main character James, a fictional journalist.
The dingoes on K’gari-Fraser Island are iconic, earning their status through being apex predators within the ecology of the Island and through deep-time associations with the Indigenous Australian traditional owners (Daniels & Corbett 2003; Smith & Litchfield 2009). The perception of their status as symbols of ‘wild Australia’ holds cultural significance to visitors (Hytten 2007) and this value is exploited by the local tourist industry. At the same time, long-established debates over responses to dingo-human incidents remain unresolved, with ongoing vexed media representation of current management strategies (Grewal 2015; Perets 2016). The system of human values that frames human interactions is twofold: the dingo is visible and interacting with human beings, yet wild and therefore dangerous. This tension is the reason for this research. The Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (QPWS) is vested with responsibility for managing human-dingo interactions, and this report provides insights into the way different sectors value dingoes and how communication on safety is applied by people on the Island.
As part of its work over the last five years, the Communicative Figurations research network developed a research programme on investigating Transforming Communications; that is, how our present social world changes with deep mediatization and the related transformation of communication. In 2016, this research programme was submitted as a proposal within the frame of the 12-year Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) funding scheme financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Our idea was to build up a centre comprising the two locations of the Universities of Bremen and Hamburg (a so-called Transregio). While an international on-site review committee supported our proposal and recommended it for funding, the responsible senate committee of the German Research Foundation decided not to go ahead in view of comparison with other initiatives across all disciplines. As we think the programme design we developed is of value in itself and might stimulate other research initiatives, we decided to publish our research idea in the form of this working paper. Our research network will continue its collaboration and is currently looking for alternative funding sources in order to realise the research programme.
This article examines the reportage of green lifestyle practices across the online sites of major British newspapers. The articulation of “green lifestyle journalism” in the study is suggestive of its complex identity, given its implication in existing orders of consumption while also expressive of emerging everyday practices that potentially and variously challenge those orders of consumption. The study enquires into whether such green lifestyle journalism stories are, in fact, reported across different online sites, and if so, in which publications and how such stories are classified within online menus. It also examines the range of reported environmental lifestyle practices and how they are attributed with meaning, including their engagement with the concept of pleasure and its association with political participation. The study reveals that the pleasures associated with sustainable living are often marginalized, and instead an ethical consumer is commonly posited who is variously cognitively deficient, worried about the environmental consequences of their everyday behavior, or concerned about their inability to realize their desires to engage in sustainable lifestyle practices. The article also examines those instances when the pleasures of a more sustainable lifestyle are represented as deriving from the implementation of environmental practices and technologies in everyday, domestic contexts, and also when they are illustrated as the product of civic and political engagements with issues of sustainability.
The workforce is changing, as Boomers are retiring and being replaced by Millennials. This paper explores how organizations can best prepare to train Millennials in new, or existing, initiatives, in an effort to increase successful adoption, by the younger workforce.
This paper focuses on the company-stakeholder conflict between a large telecommunication company and a small community group over the placement of a cell phone tower in the community. The authors review the literature on stakeholder theory and the debate over who should count as a stakeholder. The findings of our case study illustrate how this company failed to live up to their espoused stakeholder practices and contribute to a better understanding of the contextual and dynamic aspects of company-community stakeholder conflict. Implications for future research are discussed. "The world is a dangerous place, not because of those who do harm, but because of those who look on and do nothing." Albert Einstein The concept of "stakeholder" has been used as a heuristic in the management literature for nearly three decades. The stakeholder framework has been forwarded to help managers to both define an organization's obligations and manage relationships with its respective stakeholders. Whereas functional stakeholder frameworks focus on managerial perceptions of power, resource dependence, and exchange-based relationships; normative approaches focus on stakeholder legitimacy, rights, and moral claims. Increasingly, academics and company communications report that firms are expected to take, and are taking, a multiple stakeholder approach. The deregulation of the telecommunications industry in Canada has presented local governments with challenges and opportunities. In particular, the tremendous growth in wireless providers and corresponding infrastructure has brought technological and economic efficiencies as well as new concerns about public health and safety, property values, and aesthetic considerations. We consider the case of telecommunication company, Rogers Wireless, constructing a cell tower in a small Island community to illustrate company-community conflict and how a company can fail to live up to their espoused stakeholder practices.
Different water Acts (e.g., the European Water Framework Directive) and stakeholders involved in aquatic affairs have promoted integrated river basin management over recent decades. However, few studies have provided feedback on these policies. The aim of the current article is to fill this gap by exploring how local newspapers reflect the implementation of a broad public participation within a catchment of France known for its innovation with regard to this domain. The media coverage of a water management strategy in the Drôme watershed from 1981 to 2008 was investigated using a content analysis and a geographic information system. We sought to determine what public participation and decentralized decision-making can be in practice. The results showed that this policy was integrated because of its social perspective, the high number of involved stakeholders, the willingness to handle water issues, and the local scale suitable for participation. We emphasized the prominence of the watershed scale guaranteed by the local water authority. This area was also characterized by compromise, arrangements, and power dynamics on a fine scale. We examined the most politically engaged writings regarding water management, which topics of each group emphasized, and how the groups agreed and disagreed on issues based on their values and context. The temporal pattern of participation implementation was progressive but worked by fits and starts.
Government and corporate organizations increasingly seek the support of the communities where they operate and represent themselves as good corporate citizens with a sense of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). These organizations seek to create and sustain dialogue with their many and varied 'stakeholders' and reject traditional 'PR' approaches that regard communication as a way to manipulate 'target publics'. Some of these organizations use a form of 'stakeholder software' to guide and support their efforts to embrace CSR in their operations and this article examines two such software packages. It sets their use and the broader drive for CSR in the context of a diminishing trust in traditional institutions and a rise in new, extra-parliamentary forms of activism (new activism); and it examines stakeholder software's potential contribution to a values-based approach to PR training in universities and colleges.
In characterizing the genetically manipulated (GM) food controversy as a risk conflict between different social groups with competing interests, the research question of this paper is which interpretive frames are found to be employed in the struggle over meaning in this conflict. In so doing, this paper not only answers the recent call to attend to the relationship between framing processes and issues of social and political power, but also proposes an extension to William Gamson's approach in order to differentiate these frames on an ideological level. After integrating this framing concept into a media–sociological perspective to the relation between media and science, a methodological framework is set out for identifying these interpretive frames which combines the analysis of frame sponsorship (of science, industry, and movements) and media representation. As a result, a frame matrix of 10 interpretive frames is presented, which comprises the different positions in the struggle over meaning in the GM food risk conflict.
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