Content uploaded by Selim Adewale Alarape
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Selim Adewale Alarape on Dec 25, 2017
Content may be subject to copyright.
Tetracycline Residue in fresh and processed Clarias gariepinus from Selected Fish Farms and Markets in Ibadan, Nigeria.
... Of the 61 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 41 met the inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis ( Fig. 1). Three (03) studies reported the outcomes of AMU in aquaculture [5,21,22], and three (03) studies investigated ARs in fish [21,23,24]. A total of 35 studies reported the outcome of AMR in aquaculture [6,23,. ...
... Of the 61 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 41 met the inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis ( Fig. 1). Three (03) studies reported the outcomes of AMU in aquaculture [5,21,22], and three (03) studies investigated ARs in fish [21,23,24]. A total of 35 studies reported the outcome of AMR in aquaculture [6,23,. ...
... Agoba et al. [5] reported that two out of nine hatcheries investigated in Ghana used [22] reported that 90% of the 20 fish farmers investigated in their study used oxytetracycline, penicillin, and enrofloxacin for preventive measures, treatment, and growth promotion. Alarape and Adelewo reported that oxytetracycline (69.8%), penicillin (25%), erythromycin (25%), and enrofloxacin (22.4%) were more commonly used in fish farms than were sulfamethazole (12.1%) and virginiomycin (6%) in 116 fish farms in Nigeria [21]. ...
In low- and middle-income countries, data on antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture are scarce. Therefore, summarizing documented data on AMU, antimicrobial residue (AR), and AMR in aquaculture in Africa is key to understanding the risk to public health. Google Scholar, PubMed, African Journals online, and Medline were searched for articles published in English and French following the PRISMA guidelines. A structured search string was used with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to retrieve and screen the articles. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each pathogen–antimicrobial pair using random effects models. Among the 113 full-text articles reviewed, 41 met the eligibility criteria. The majority of the articles reported AMR (35; 85.4%), while a few were on AMU (3; 7.3%) and AR (3; 7.3%) in fish. The articles originated from West Africa (23; 56.1%), North Africa (8; 19.7%), and East Africa (7; 17.1%). Concerning the antimicrobial agents used in fish farming, tetracycline was the most common antimicrobial class used, which justified the high prevalence of residues (up to 56.7%) observed in fish. For AMR, a total of 69 antimicrobial agents were tested against 24 types of bacteria isolated. Bacteria were resistant to all classes of antimicrobial agents and exhibited high levels of multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were reported in 16, 10, and 8 studies, respectively, with multidrug resistance rates of 43.1% [95% CI (32.0–55.0)], 40.3% [95% CI (24.1–58.1)] and 31.3% [95% CI (17.5–49.4)], respectively. This review highlights the high multidrug resistance rate of bacteria from aquaculture to commonly used antimicrobial agents, such as tetracycline, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, and amoxicillin, in Africa. These findings also highlighted the lack of data on AMU and residue in the aquaculture sector, and additional efforts should be made to fill these gaps and mitigate the burden of AMR on public health in Africa.
... Most of the studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa have focused on antibioticresistant bacteria and resistance genes as well as antibiotics in the aquaculture environment but not on fish (Brahmi et al. 2018;Faleye et al. 2018;Limbu 2020Limbu , 2023Okon et al. 2022). An extensive literature review revealed few Sub-Saharan African studies that investigated antimicrobial residues in fish: Kaduna, Nigeria (Ladan et al. 2021); Accra, Ghana (Donkor et al. 2018); Ibadan, Nigeria (Olusola et al. 2012;Olatoye and Basiru 2013;Alarape and Adeyemo 2017); Benin (Mensah et al. 2019); Egypt (Ahmed et al. 2020) and North Central Nigeria (Alhaji et al. 2021). Only studies from Nigeria (Ibadan) and Egypt investigated antibiotic residues in fish by HPLC and ELISA and compared the results with the MRLs. ...
... In comparison, other African countries reported higher levels of tetracycline residues in fish. In Nigeria, a study conducted by Alarape and Adeyemo (2017) found tetracycline residues in 84% and 70% of fresh and smoked fish samples, of which 64% and 20% had values above the MRL. In a study conducted by Olatoye and Basiru (2013) in Ibadan Nigeria, oxytetracycline residues were found in 62 (38.8%) of fish liver tissues and 48 (30.0%) of the muscle tissues, whereby 63 (26.9%) liver and 30 (18.8%) fillets exceeded the MRL. ...
... On the other hand, Olatoye and Basiru (2013) reported that 90% of the 20 fish farmers investigated in their study used oxytetracycline, penicillin and enrofloxacin for preventive measures, treatment and growth promotion. Alarape and Adeyemo (2017) reported that oxytetracycline (69.8%), penicillin (25%), erythromycin (25%) and enrofloxacin (22.4%) were more commonly used in fish farms than sulfamethoxazole (12.1%) and virginiamycin 6% in 116 fish farms in Nigeria. ...
In Africa, antibiotic residue investigations in animal food have primarily been focused on meat, neglecting farmed fish. This cross-sectional study conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, aimed to assess sulphonamide and tetracycline residues in farmed fish, comparing levels with Codex Alimentarius Commission's acceptable daily intake (ADI) and maximum residue limits (MRLs). A total of 84 farmed fish were sampled and analysed in the presence of tetracycline and sulphonamide residues. All samples were positive for sulphonamide residues (100%; n = 84), and 2.4% (n = 2) were positive for tetracycline and consequently also positive for both compounds. Tetracycline levels were below ADI and MRL, 28.5% (n = 24) surpassed the ADI, and 6% (n = 5) of the samples exceeded the MRL for sulphonamide. Regular monitoring of antibiotic residues in aquaculture products is crucial to mitigate health risks and expanding assessments to include other commonly used compounds is warranted.
This toxicological study was carried out to determine possible adverse effects of Telfairia occidentalis and Ipomoea batatas leaves in Clarias gariepinus. Ninety-six Clarias gariepinus growers (431.25±6.13 g) randomly distributed into four feeding groups were fed with herbal leaf diet containing 20 g/kg of T. occidentalis (group A), 100 g/kg of I. batatas (group B), mixture of 10 g/kg of T. occidentalis and 50 g/kg I. batatas (group C) and basal diet (group D) which served as the control group. After a 40-day feeding period, blood samples were collected for serum biochemical assay and organs were harvested for antioxidant and tissue biochemical assay. A significant decrease in creatinine was observed in the fish in group C when compared with those in group D. Also, there was no significant difference in the liver superoxide dismutase activity across all feeding groups but no significant increase in the intestinal superoxide dismutase activity of the fish in group C when compared to those in group A. There were no significant differences in the values of liver enzyme markers and lipid profile across all feeding groups. However, a significant increase in the level of intestinal malondialdehyde was observed in the fish in group B when compared with those in groups A and D. This study revealed that oral administration of a combination of T. occidentalis (10 g/kg) and I. batatas (50 g/kg) leaves enhanced antioxidant enzymes and is recommended for protection against oxidative stress in Clarias gariepinus.
Nigeria, like many other developing countries is actively promoting agricultural and food production to confront the challenge of providing adequate food supply. The Nigerian national food hygiene and safety policy was enacted to ensure the sale and consumption of wholesome food. However, our studies on Nigeria’s animal food safety status revealed that farm-to-fork; production, processing and sales procedures are sub-optimal. Additionally, there is a gap between research on possible impacts on human health, policy development and implementation. For example, antibiotics misuse by livestock farmers has impeded efficiency of antibiotic treatments leaving harmful residues in animal products. Control systems for animal food quality and safety should therefore range from operators along the food chain being well-informed, to external regulatory bodies. Animal food safety legislation should be followed by surveillance and collaboration among stakeholders (relevant governmental competent authorities, academia, non-governmental organisations, and industries) for effective planning and execution of Nigeria’s food hygiene and safety agenda. Food safety advisory/extension services is also advocated both to bridge the current gap as well as aid in the monitoring and evaluation of the different aspects of food safety from farm through processing, storage, conveyance, marketing to the table of consumers.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.