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Yeni Bir Çevrimiçi Sınav Modeli Geliştirilmesi ve Uygulanması
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı; kişi ve kurumların çok fazla zamanını alan sınavların yapılması ve değerlendirilmesi işlemlerini gerçekleştirecek güvenli, etkili ve verimli bir Çevrimiçi Sınav modeli geliştirmek ve uygulamaktır. Bu çalışmada çevrimiçi sınav sistemi ve kağıt kalem ile yapılan sınavlar arasındaki farklılıkları tespit etmek ve sınavı hem internet ve hem de güvenli ağ üzerinden uygulayabilmek amacıyla çoklu ortam desteği olan ve kolay
kullanılabilen bir arayüze sahip, öğrenci, ders, soru, sınav ve not bilgilerini güvenli bir şekilde tutan; güncellenebilir veritabanı yapısına sahip bir çevrimiçi sınav sistemi geliştirilmiştir. 2010-2011 bahar yarıyılında Ahi Evran Üniversitesi MYO İşletme Bölümü öğrencilerinin Bilgisayar Büro Programları dersi vize ve final sınavlarında kullanılan “Çevrimiçi Sınav Sistemi” sınav uygulama, değerlendirme ve sınav istatistiklerini çıkarma işlemlerinin hızlı ve zahmetsiz bir şekilde yapılmasını sağlamıştır. Madde güçlük ve ayırt edicilik değeri istenilen düzeyde olmayan maddelerin soru bankasından çıkartılması ile yapılan sınavların güvenirliği ve geçerliği sağlanmıştır.
... One of these applications is online tests. The assessment and evaluation process through online tests which are used for the determination of the learning levels of learners and make predictions for the future is carried out by using the information and communication technologies (Gülbahar, 2013;Şimşek, Balaban & Ergin, 2016;Yağcı et al., 2015). Online tests usually carried out in online learning environments through learning management systems such as Blackboard, Canvas, and Moodle and question types such as multiple-choice, true-false, short-long answer, gap-filling, and matching have positive effects for learners, instructor, and institutions. ...
... In the studies conducted by Ortner and Caspers (2001) and Clough (2008), it was revealed that learners' achievement was affected by the quality of the exam. In another study carried out by Yağcı et al., (2015), it was mentioned that an online test application developed in line with the visual design principles would reduce learners' anxiety about taking exams in online environments. Therefore, it can be said that visual design principles should be put into practice during the development of online test applications. ...
... At this point, the issues that should be focused on are providing the necessary infrastructure and conducting exams according to the appointment method. In a study conducted on online tests, Yağcı et al. (2015) stated that online tests could be held entirely in web-based environments or physical spaces such as exam centers, high schools, and conference halls. Therefore, it can be said that online test applications can be carried out in web environments or physical spaces, considering the requests and infrastructure possibilities of institutions. ...
Within the scope of this study, it was aimed to determine the factors that should be considered regarding the usability and security of online test applications used as an assessment and evaluation tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the case study method was used to obtain the opinions of field experts. Furthermore, in this study, using the focus group interview technique as a data collection technique, the criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to determine participants. At this point, it was taken into consideration that the participants were experts in the field of open and distance learning. In this regard, a total of 15 field experts who have experienced online test during the emergency distance education period at Anadolu University, Turkey contributed to the focus group interviews consisting of three groups. The results obtained at the end of the study offer solutions for the usability of online test applications, the use of which has increased with the pandemic process and ensuring the security of these applications.
... However, there are different arguments on this topic. Some studies have indicated that the exam environment has no effect on academic achievement (Solak et al., 2020;Yağcı et al., 2015). ...
Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, online exams have become an indispensable part of distance education. Measurement and evaluation, which is one of the most important parts of education, has become more controversial with distance education. Contrary to traditional assessment and evaluation, online assessment and assessment are usually carried out as assignments, projects or online exams given to students through the learning management system. In the absence of a supervision mechanism or live supervisors in the learning management system, exams are conducted without supervision. This is where online exams are the most controversial. Many instructors find unsupervised exams insufficient in terms of reliability and validity. Contrary to these negative thoughts, some educators consider an important opportunity for an effective online exam to be more flexible than traditional exams, to be reported in detail in a short time and to prevent paperwork.
... It was also observed that most of those papers dealt with teaching procedures or lecturers' performance instead of student academic success and performance. Although online assessment still has various limitations related to computer and internet access, reliability, cheating, and control (Sheader at al., 2006;Yağcı, Ekiz, & Gelbal, 2015), it can be an excellent alternative to paper-pencil tests due to its advantages such as providing a rich item pool, the easy mix of items and options, immediate answers and feedback, automatic scoring, using images, audio, and video, and practical management of time and cost (Ghilay & Ghilay 2012;Bull & McKenna, 2004;Conole &Warburton 2005). It also has 98 MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES IN EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES II great potentials for evaluating open-ended questions with artificial intelligence and designing private exams and exercises for every student (Bull, 1999;Thelwall 2000;Akın, 2007;Özturan, 2017). ...
Employees in schools can also be divided into teams according to different task groups. When these teams are managed under the leadership of a good team, they can be effective in realizing the goals of the school. In this study, the importance of team leadership in the management of schools and the issue of team leadership for effective schools were examined in the light of the literature.
Bu araştırmanın amacı; gözetim altındaki sınavları dijitalleştirecek, sınav süreçlerinin ve ölçme değerlendirme yöntemlerinin çeşitlenmesini sağlama potansiyeli olan dijital ve mobil bir sınav sisteminin temel yapısının nasıl olabileceğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda mobil dijital sınavlarda kullanılabilecek soru alternatiflerinin belirlenmesi ve ortam bağımsız bir mobil sınav sisteminin yazılım bileşenlerinin neler olabileceği ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde alan uzmanları ile çalıştaylar gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu çalıştayların sonuçları raporlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmış ve durum çalışması yöntemi tercih edilerek doküman ve çalıştay kayıtlarının analizi ile veri toplama süreci gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları dijital mobil sınav sistemlerinde çoklu ortam öğelerini içeren soruların bilişsel ve psikomotor becerilerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ayrıca mobil bir dijital sınav sistemi için organizasyonel yapı modülleri ve sınav modülleri temelinde yazılımların donanım ve işletim sistemlerinden bağımsız çalışabilecek şekilde geliştirilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir.
Assessment is critical step for learning and education, especially when institutions of highereducation ask lecturer more accurate and more informative assessments to measure learning outcomes. The traditional assessment methods to measure student performance in higher education includes exercises assignments, homeworks or tests and midterm or final exam. This assessment methods generally consists of multiple-choice, gap-filling, and open-ended questions. Exams can be used to assess students' performances and repeat and reinforce the learned content. Those positive outcomes can be further improved by using an online testing system that includes an effective feedback module using today’s technologies. The study aimed to develop a convenient, secure, easy-to-use and effective web-based online examination system (S-GALL) that would provide students and lecturers with various opportunities to design, apply, and assess exams easily. In this sense, the S-GALL system was explained through the system structure and functions sections, and each module was introduced with sample figures. Additionally, the system was updated, considering the students' feedback obtained through user-based designs. The study is thought to contribute to online assessment literature, to become a sample for decision-makers and designers, and to provide a practical alternative in the field. Future studies can separately measure system functionality, student/lecturer views and attitudes, and the effects of interface differences on success performance.
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