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THE GENUS LASIANTHUS (RUBIACEAE) IN WAWONII ISLAND, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Abstract and Figures
RUGAYAH & SUNARTI, S. 2017. The genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) in Wawonii Island, Sountheast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 97–101. — Recent botanical excursions carried out at Wawonii island, Southeast Sula-wesi yielded two Lasianthus novelties distinct from other Lasianthus species enumerated for Sulawesi. These two new species are described here as Lasianthus wawoniiensis Rugayah & Sunarti and L. macrobracteatus Rugayah & Sunarti. Descriptions and illustrations of the two new species are provided, including an identification key to all Lasianthus species occurring in the area.
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A survey of the genus Lasianthus and its morphological study based on living specimens was conducted at the Mt. Burangrang, West Java, in order to update the existing Lasianthus data. Sampling was carried out in three regencies around the Mt. Burangrang: West Bandung, Subang and Purwakarta. A total of 19 species were recorded from Mt. Burangrang. Those species covered three sections: sect. Nudiflorae (nine species), sect. Lasianthus (nine species) and sect. Stipulares (one species). Based on the collected specimens, the delimitation of the Asian Lasianthus as having 3-9 pyrenes is no longer applicable. The specimens of L. capitatus from the Mt. Burangrang contained 9-12 pyrenes. The existence of L. rufus (Korth.) Miq. is also discussed. The details of morphological description of the Mt. Burangrang Lasianthus are provided. URL: https://www.upjs.sk/pracoviska/botanicka-zahrada/odborne-aktivity/contents-abstracts/
Beragamnya jenis tumbuhan yang ada di muka bumi ini cukup membuatnya sulit dikenali dan dibedakan satu dengan yang lainnya. Salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang beragam dan cukup sulit dikenali adalah Lasianthus sp. Tumbuhan marga Lasianthus ini masih belum dikenal oleh masyarakat luas dimungkinkan karena habitatnya yang berada di alam dan belum dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat. Salah satu lokasi di Jawa yang memiliki kawasan hutan dan dimungkinkan adanya tumbuhan marga Lasianthus disana adalah Kebun Raya Cibodas. Didorong oleh belum adanya data mengenai jenis-jenis Lasianthus yang ada di hutan sisa Kebun Raya Cibodas, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mendata jenis-jenis Lasianthus yang ada di hutan sisa Kebun Raya Cibodas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif eksploratif. Diawali dengan eksplorasi di hutan-hutan sisa Kebun Raya Cibodas, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mendeskripsikan kondisi objek penelitian sesuai dengan keadaan yang diamati di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 6 jenis tumbuhan marga Lasianthus di hutan sisa Kebun Raya Cibodas, diantaranya yaitu Lasianthus bracteolatus, Lasianthus iteophyllus, Lasianthus laevigatus, Lasianthus purpureus, Lasianthus rigidus, dan Lasianthus stercorarius.
The island of Sulawesi formed from the joining of proto‐islands roughly three million years ago. Regions of zoological endemism, corresponding to the proto‐islands, have been reported. Sulawesi's tree communities, however, remain poorly documented. In better‐studied tropical regions, soil types similar to those found in Sulawesi often have distinctive tree communities. To gather data on Sulawesi's tree communities, we established ten (0.25 ha) plots on four soil types across three regions. We documented diversity, endemism, dominance, and species composition. Linear models of species composition showed greater influence of geographic distance rather than soil, and no relationship with climate. This suggests that the legacy of Sulawesi's formation may have influenced tree communities more so than the soil types we sampled. Most of our plots were on stressful soil types making it difficult to conclude on the importance of edaphic specialization in the Sulawesi tree flora. The lack of climatic effects reflects Sulawesi's position within the wet tropics where the small climatic differences are unlikely to have large influence on tree communities.
Abstract in Indonesian is available with online material.
MAMBRASAR, Y. M. & SCHUITEMAN, A. 2017. A new species of Trichotosia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Podochileae) from Tambrauw, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(2): 107-110. - Trichotosia gabriel-asemiana Mambrasar & Schuiteman. Its description and illustration was presented.
VELDKAMP, J. F. 2017. Poa opinata (Gramineae), a new species from G. Binaiya, Ceram, Moluccas, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 73–75. — Poa species is described from Ceram, Moluccas and compared to Poa languidior from New Guinea.
SULISTIARINI, D., POTTER, D. & O’BYRNE, P. 2017. Dendrobium tinukariensis, a new species of section Calyptrochilus from Mekongga Mountains, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 103–106. — A new species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae), D. tinukariensis is described and illustrated from Mekongga, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs in Dendrobium sect. Calyptrochilus.
WIBOWO, A.R.U. & JUSWARA, L.S. 2017. A new species of Appendicula section Pododesme (Orchidaceae) from Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 65–71. - A new species, Appendicula cordata (sect. Pododesme) from eastern Indonesia, is described and illustrated. Its habit is similar to that of Appendicula infundibuliformis J. J. Sm., but it differs in having flowers with a cordate appendage and a lip reflexed to the right. An identification key to the species of Appendicula sect. Pododesme, a distribution map, photos and line drawing are also provided.
MANSUR, M & KARTAWINATA, K. 2017. Phytosociology of a Lower Montane Forest on Mt. Batulanteh, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 77-92. — While Indonesia’s forests are globally known for their high species diversity but many regions remain little known to investigate the tree community in a lower montane forest at Mt. Batulanteh in Sumbawa. We subjectively laid out plots of 1,800 m2 each, two in secondary forests and one in a disturbed primary forest. All stems over 5 cm diameters were measured and identified. In the plot of 0,54 hectare, we recorded 723 individuals, representing 78 species, 60 genera and 33 families. Estimated volume of boles was 183.2 m3/0.54 ha, biomass was 220.1 tons/0.54 ha, carbon stock was 110.0 tons/0.54 ha and CO2 sequestration was 403.1 ton/0.54 ha. The forest at Mt. Batulanteh is classified as Garcinia-Cryptocarya association consisting of Micromelum-Cinnamomum subassociation. Dipterocarpus-Calophyllum subassociation and Garcinia-Syzygium subassociation. Dominant species were Micromelum minutum (IV=27.24), Mallotus philippensis (IV=26.2), Cryptocarya ferrea (IV=24.71) and Cinnamomum burmanni (IV=23.81) in Plot 1, Dipterocarpus retusus (IV=77.4) and Calophyllum soulattri (IV=24.21) in Plot 2, and Garcinia celebica (IV=34.86) and Syzygium sp. 1 (IV=34.76) in Plot 3. Dipterocarpus retusus was unique of having restricted distribution. Fagaceae, typical family in montane forests, was absent. Shannon’s diversity index was low (H '= 1.61). It can be concluded that the plots do not constitute a representative of Mt. Batulanteh and the surrounding forests, but they were sufficient to provide an illustration of the forests locally. The diameter class distribution indicated that the forests were regenerating. They were developing secondary forest and regenerating disturbed primary forest; slow successions were in the process and could be enhancedby ecological restoration. Further botanical explorations in poorly known regions of Sumbawa should be intensified further.
RUSTIAMI, H. & HENDERSON, A. 2017. A synopsis of Calamus (Arecaceae) in Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 49-63. - A synopsis of the rattan genus Calamus in the Indonesian island of Sulawesi is given. Twenty-three species are recognized, including two new species that are described and illustrated: Calamus posoanus and C. sandsii. Nomencla-ture, including designation of 17 lectotypes, is given for each species, as well as notes on distribution, habitat, vernacu-lar names, specimens examined, uses, and systematics.
MAZUMDAR, J. 2017. Typification of Tectaria paradoxa (Polypodiaceae subfam. Tectarioideae). Reinwardtia 16(2): 93?95. — Aspidium paradoxum has not yet been lectotypified, because the original material is ambiguous. A specimen from the collections of A. Fée, the author of the species, was located in the herbarium of Montpellier (MPU), which is here designated as the lectotype for this species. It is now known as Tectaria paradoxa, a fern species widely distributed across tropical Asia.
WIBOWO, A.R.U. & JUSWARA, L.S. 2017. A new species of Appendicula section Pododesme (Orchidaceae) from Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 65–71. - A new species, Appendicula cordata (sect. Pododesme) from eastern Indonesia, is described and illustrated. Its habit is similar to that of Appendicula infundibuliformis J. J. Sm., but it differs in having flowers with a cordate appendage and a lip reflexed to the right. An identification key to the species of Appendicula sect. Pododesme, a distribution map, photos and line drawing are also provided.
MANSUR, M & KARTAWINATA, K. 2017. Phytosociology of a Lower Montane Forest on Mt. Batulanteh, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 77-92. — While Indonesia’s forests are globally known for their high species diversity but many regions remain little known to investigate the tree community in a lower montane forest at Mt. Batulanteh in Sumbawa. We subjectively laid out plots of 1,800 m2 each, two in secondary forests and one in a disturbed primary forest. All stems over 5 cm diameters were measured and identified. In the plot of 0,54 hectare, we recorded 723 individuals, representing 78 species, 60 genera and 33 families. Estimated volume of boles was 183.2 m3/0.54 ha, biomass was 220.1 tons/0.54 ha, carbon stock was 110.0 tons/0.54 ha and CO2 sequestration was 403.1 ton/0.54 ha. The forest at Mt. Batulanteh is classified as Garcinia-Cryptocarya association consisting of Micromelum-Cinnamomum subassociation. Dipterocarpus-Calophyllum subassociation and Garcinia-Syzygium subassociation. Dominant species were Micromelum minutum (IV=27.24), Mallotus philippensis (IV=26.2), Cryptocarya ferrea (IV=24.71) and Cinnamomum burmanni (IV=23.81) in Plot 1, Dipterocarpus retusus (IV=77.4) and Calophyllum soulattri (IV=24.21) in Plot 2, and Garcinia celebica (IV=34.86) and Syzygium sp. 1 (IV=34.76) in Plot 3. Dipterocarpus retusus was unique of having restricted distribution. Fagaceae, typical family in montane forests, was absent. Shannon’s diversity index was low (H '= 1.61). It can be concluded that the plots do not constitute a representative of Mt. Batulanteh and the surrounding forests, but they were sufficient to provide an illustration of the forests locally. The diameter class distribution indicated that the forests were regenerating. They were developing secondary forest and regenerating disturbed primary forest; slow successions were in the process and could be enhancedby ecological restoration. Further botanical explorations in poorly known regions of Sumbawa should be intensified further.
RUSTIAMI, H. & HENDERSON, A. 2017. A synopsis of Calamus (Arecaceae) in Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 49-63. - A synopsis of the rattan genus Calamus in the Indonesian island of Sulawesi is given. Twenty-three species are recognized, including two new species that are described and illustrated: Calamus posoanus and C. sandsii. Nomencla-ture, including designation of 17 lectotypes, is given for each species, as well as notes on distribution, habitat, vernacu-lar names, specimens examined, uses, and systematics.
MAZUMDAR, J. 2017. Typification of Tectaria paradoxa (Polypodiaceae subfam. Tectarioideae). Reinwardtia 16(2): 93?95. — Aspidium paradoxum has not yet been lectotypified, because the original material is ambiguous. A specimen from the collections of A. Fée, the author of the species, was located in the herbarium of Montpellier (MPU), which is here designated as the lectotype for this species. It is now known as Tectaria paradoxa, a fern species widely distributed across tropical Asia.
Based on herbarium collections, the Malesian species of the genus Lasianthus are revised. A total of 131 species including 5 subspecies and 6 varieties are recognized from the Malesian region, of which 41 species, 3 subspecies and 3 varieties are described as new, and 3 new combinations are made for varieties. 22 species names and 15 variety names are reduced to synonyms. Ten species names and 2 varieties are treated as dubious mainly because their types cannot be traced. Additionally, 11 species are further excluded from Lasianthus. All species are described and a key to Malesian Lasianthus is given.
Analyses of distribution, diversity, endemism, and taxonomic effort for Rubiaceae are reported, based on queries from a World Rubiaceae Checklist database. Rubiaceae are widespread and occur in all major regions of the world except the Antarctic Continent, but are predominantly a group in the tropics with greatest diversity in low- to mid-altitude humid forests. A count of Rubiaceae species and genera is given (13,143 spp./611 genera), which confirms that this is the fourth largest angiosperm family. Psychotria L. is the largest genus in the Rubiaceae (1834 spp.) and the third largest angiosperm genus. Most genera (72%) have fewer than 10 species and 211 are monotypic. Calculation of relative species diversity and percentage endemism enables areas of high diversity and endemism to be enumerated, and identifies areas where further field collecting and taxonomic research are required. Endemism is generally high in Rubiaceae, which supports data from recent studies showing that many species have restricted distributions. Given the assumed ecologic sensitivity of Rubiaceae, in combination with a range of other factors including restricted distribution, we suggest that species in this family are particularly vulnerable to extinction. The rate at which new species are being described is inadequate; more resources are required before the diversity of Rubiaceae is satisfactorily enumerated.
The systematic position and generic differentiation of the morphologically and geographically outstanding tribe Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) was analyzed using the rbcL/atpB-spacer and trnL-F intron-spacer regions of chloroplast DNA. In our analysis Epithemateae forms a strongly supported monophyletic clade (bootstrap [BS] = 100%; jackknife [JK] = 100%; decay index [DI] = 12) and appears as sister to the rest of the paleotropical Gesneriaceae (= subfamily Cyrtandroideae). The paleotropical Gesneriaceae form a monophyletic group (BS = 88%; JK = 85%; DI = 3) that is sister to the neotropical Gesneriaceae (subfamily Gesnerioideae) plus Austral Gesneriaceae (subfamily Coronantheroideae) (BS = 99%; JK = 98%; DI = 10). Within Epithemateae Rhynchoglossum is sister to the remaining Epithemateae (BS = 97%; JK = 96%; DI = 12), in which Epithema is sister to a clade of two genera: Loxonia/Stauranthera (BS = 68%; JK = 64%; DI = 1), which form, together with Epithema, a sister clade (BS = 85%; JK = 83%; DI = 2) to Whytockia and Monophyllaea. While the support for Loxonia and Stauranthera is moderate, the relationship of Whytockia and Monophyllaea is very strongly supported (BS = 100%; JK = 100%; DI = 13). Apart from the somewhat surprising (but well-substantiated) isolated position of Rhynchoglossum, the results are in perfect accordance with the relationships worked out earlier on grounds of architectural and floral characters. Especially remarkable is the predicted coherence between the morphologically and geographically different genera Whytockia and Monophyllaea.
VELDKAMP, J. F. 2017. Poa opinata (Gramineae), a new species from G. Binaiya, Ceram, Moluccas, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 73–75. — Poa species is described from Ceram, Moluccas and compared to Poa languidior from New Guinea.
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