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An IoT based automated traffic control system with real-time update capability
... Automation is essential for efficiently controlling the traffic flow by changing the cycle intervals with respect to the traffic density or traffic flow of each lane. [2,6] Which will successfully reduce the waiting period of the vehicles and the pedestrians waiting to cross the roads using time gap manipulation ultimately reducing harmful emissions thrown into the atmosphere and fuel consumption of the vehicles by a great margin. [8] Only one agent will be required to control the emergency override parameter to halt the traffic flow at the respective lane where an accident has occurred or in cases of VIP or government official movements. ...
... Another study uses a Raspberry Pi microcomputer and multiple ultrasonic sensors to measure real time traffic density and program the cycles of the traffic light accordingly. [6] A different study proposes that Automated vehicles (AVs) can be programmed to tackle the complications of variable speed limit (VSL) systems and to control the traffic flow efficiently causing less waiting periods and harmful emissions. [4] The number of automated vehicles in the practical world is still not dominant. ...
... On the other hand, if Lane-3 and Lane-4 combined have significantly more traffic than Lane-1 and Lane-2 combined then input A will be low and input B will be high. If Lane-1 and Lane-2 combined have almost equal traffic to the traffic of Lane-3 and Lane-4 then If A is high and B is low then the output high will be on the pin A > B. If B is high and A is low then the output high will be on the pin A < B. If A and B both are high or low at the same time, then the output high will be on the pin A = B. [6,8,14] ...
Cities with a high population density are facing
difficulties to tackle and maintain the traffic flow. Specially, at
the intersections where four different lanes meet. Independent
intersections face comparatively less problems when tackling
traffic flow because there are no perpendicular lanes, which
eliminates the need of the opposite light cycles. Traffic density
of only two lanes have to be measured. Moreover, traffic lights
are not dynamically controlled by the traffic flow or traffic
density of each lane to keep the flow of traffic ongoing for an
extended amount of time for the lane with higher traffic density.
Moreover, law enforcement officers or government officials are
required to control and terminate the traffic flow in case of an
accident. This study focuses on the development of a traffic
signal control system for the intersections where four lanes
meet. It sets forth to scan the density of traffic on each lane and
control the flow of traffic accordingly with four sets of traffic
lights consisting of red, yellow and green signals or LEDs to
reduce traffic obstructions and congestion. Reduced external
entities should be required to control the emergency overrides
in cases of emergencies. Proposed, further, is a concrete solution
for a definite traffic light control system at the four lane
intersections.
... Infrared sensors are also built into the design to detect vehicle movement. According to [28], used an Internet of Things-enabled traffic monitoring system to track traffic congestion at an intersection. The model includes an SMS notification system based on an Android mobile application to keep clients aware of traffic conditions and to aid drivers in selecting the best route. ...
... Reference [29] Reference [23] Reference [16] Reference [28] Source: Authors, (2024). ...
The recent growth in car use and population have been identified as potential drivers of municipal traffic congestion, particularly in emerging nations with inadequate road networks. In Nigeria, for example, traffic wardens and traffic lights are prominent traffic control measures used to ease traffic congestion at major road intersections. However, stress, public anger, and rash traffic signal judgments restrict the effectiveness of these tactics, resulting in delayed mobility, decreased transit times, and a climate disaster. Recent solutions have emphasized emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Artificial Neural Network (ANW). Consequently, an efficient use of these technologies can provide a sustainable future for city traffic management in Sub-Saharan African. This model seeks to develop a low cost internet-of-things traffic surveillance system to improve vehicles mobility on a Nigerian closed campus. The goal is to alleviate the academic community's problem of peak-hour traffic congestion by delivering real-time traffic updates
... In [56], the authors presented an IoT-based dynamic road traffic management containing the design of an intelligent traffic signal system using cellular communication. In traffic management systems, a wide variety of IoT tools can be used, such as ultrasonic sensors and Raspberry Pi with Arduino Uno kit, as authors present in [57][58][59][60][61]. Most research in this focus group describes solutions on how the infrastructure interacts with vehicles, but efforts still do not usually cover pedestrians. ...
... • Just focusing on IoT in integration with intersections. [59,115] • Raspberry Pi. ...
The interaction between Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) and smart intersection participants, such as vehicles and drivers in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS), is one of the main tools in solutions for increasing road safety and minimizing the number of possible road accidents. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication of advanced C-ITS architectures includes Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) context for extensive information exchange between road users. V2P employs various direct, indirect, and hybrid communication technologies and uses different techniques to interact with multiple traffic participants, infrastructure, traffic light controllers, and especially VRUs, during unpredictable situations. To address emerging technologies and applications of collaborative smart intersections and explore novel C-ITS solutions designed for this domain, the paper analyses available surveys and introduces the relevant communication schemes, use cases, and recent deployment efforts.
... This research has based on literature review, since it demonstrated its high precision in vehicle detection, decided to use magnetic sensors for the collection of traffic information's (or magnetic sensor-based PCBs). In the following sections you can learn how to design, demonstrate and evaluate the system [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. ...
... The maps are used for loading and extracting information from the message board to the data base. You can choose the position of a message board using the user-generated map [23]. The best places to display alarms are those road intersections with more road sections. ...
The population is increasing the number of vehicles and the number of highways day after day; the time spent travelling, waste fuel, air pollution and related transport problems are also increasing. The greatest challenge for traffic administration authorities is therefore to monitor and monitor traffic. The related work has shown the Internet of Things and the integration of artificial intelligence to facilitate techniques for better urban and decisionmaking. This document creates a system model for IoT-based traffic information collection, processing and storing in real time. The aim is to ensure smooth mobility by providing roadside communications updates and rare incidents in real time. In particular, pre-alerting messages prevent and delay road congestion and peak hours in emergencies. The system also sends traffic updates from the database of administrative sensors. The system proposed evaluates the feature of the model and shows expected accurate results for vehicle detection and the minimum error in the estimates of occupancy.
... Most of the recent developments in delivering real-time traffic updates used the congestion estimates to dynamically control the traffic signal [3,27,32,43,59,63]. An IoT based real-time traffic monitoring system is proposed [43] for dynamic handling of traffic signals based on traffic density. ...
... The ultrasonic sensors are used to detect vehicles, and the density levels of a given road are sent to an LCD, and the data sent to the server for later usage. In similar research [63], the authors proposed an ultrasonic sensorbased system model specifically for road intersections. In addition to traffic signal lightings, the system alarms on any false vehicle activities such as crossing the red signals. ...
A significant amount of research work carried out on traffic management systems, but intelligent traffic monitoring is still an active research topic due to the emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The integration of these technologies will facilitate the techniques for better decision making and achieve urban growth. However, the existing traffic prediction methods mostly dedicated to highway and urban traffic management, and limited studies focused on collector roads and closed campuses. Besides, reaching out to the public, and establishing active connections to assist them in decision-making is challenging when the users are not equipped with any smart devices. This research proposes an IoT based system model to collect, process, and store real-time traffic data for such a scenario. The objective is to provide real-time traffic updates on traffic congestion and unusual traffic incidents through roadside message units and thereby improve mobility. These early-warning messages will help citizens to save their time, especially during peak hours. Also, the system broadcasts the traffic updates from the administrative authorities. A prototype is implemented to evaluate the feasibility of the model, and the results of the experiments show good accuracy in vehicle detection and a low relative error in road occupancy estimation. The study is part of the Omani-funded research project, investigating Real-Time Feedback for Adaptive Traffic Signals.
... Integrating ultrasonic sensors with Raspberry Pi and IoT allows for smart security and road safety enhancements, gradually improving the overall traffic system [47]. To address frequent traffic congestion and uncontrollable commuting times, a collaborative intelligent traffic planning algorithm uses AI and traffic sensors to optimize signal durations and driving paths dynamically. ...
Many countries encourage their populations to use public urban transport to decrease pollution and traffic congestion. However, this can generate overcrowded routes at certain times and low economic efficiency for public urban transport companies when buses carry few passengers. This article proposes a Public Urban Transport Scheduling System (PUTSS) algorithm for allocating a public urban transport fleet based on the number of passengers waiting for a bus and considering the efficiency of public urban transport companies. The PUTSS algorithm integrates artificial intelligence (AI) methods to identify the number of people waiting at each station through real-time image acquisition. The technique presented is Azure Computer Vision. In a case study, the accuracy of correctly identifying the number of persons in an image was computed using the Microsoft Azure Computer Vision service. The proposed PUTSS algorithm also uses Google Maps Service for congestion-level identification. Employing these modern tools in the algorithm makes improving public urban transport services possible. The algorithm is integrated into a software application developed in C#, simulating a real-world scenario involving two public urban transport vehicles. The global accuracy rate of 89.81% demonstrates the practical applicability of the software product.
... Also, it consists of two modules where one module is used for vehicle monitoring and another module is used for analysing the priority vehicles management. In a similar way, a traffic monitoring system was developed for finding the road interaction using an ultrasonic sensor [22]. This system could be used in traffic signal lightings. ...
In response to the escalating challenges posed by urban congestion and road accidents, this paper addresses the imperative for advanced traffic control systems in smart cities. However, there is limited research work available in the literature to develop this traffic management system due to unpredictable traffic flow occurring on the road. To overcome this shortcoming in the traffic control system, this paper proposed a novel vehicle density estimation method that considers group of vehicles, availability and applicability of IoT in smart cities provide an efficient medium to handle public safety by using condition-based intensity function that will be a medium to cope with traffic challenges and thus build an intelligent traffic control system.
... On occasion any hazardous state of affairs is anticipated, straight away the jeopardized driver gets a caution close by with a recommendation to avoid threat. Chih-Lin Hu et.al [44] presents a framework and technique for empowering constant caught video sharing administrations among neighboring vehicles in self-sorted out vehicular ne rk conditions. At the point when cars are adapted with picture catching and Wi-Fi modules, they are equipped for setting up nearby wi-Fi networks, interfacing with various companions, and bringing on line video files from neighboring associates. ...
With pursuits to furnish secure and satisfied driving, various advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) has been developed over the preceding decades. They offer a broad range of offerings such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS), lane keeping assist (LKA), blind spot facts gadget (BLIS), cruise control (CC), adaptive cruise manage (ACC), etc. Modern vehicles are outfitted with part of sensors device like radar, ultrasonic, photography camera, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), etc., and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, to support the operation of ADAS. Connecting these systems and competencies to manipulate the actuators of the vehicles, evolves toward automatic using systems, the place vehicles are in a position to navigate themselves besides a human driver concerned. Furthermore, trends in wireless communication allow motors to be connected, both vehicle device -to-vehicle device (V2V) and vehicle unit -to- infrastructure part (V2I). The connections furnish records about the surroundings beyond the vary of sensors. For instance, being aware that the car in front of the previous vehicle is braking at its most power, approves the ego vehicle to begin braking early to avoid or mitigate a severe rear-end collision. Consequently, two linked and automated using standards have been added in the context of cooperative wise transport device (C-ITS). C-ITS includes facts and verbal exchange applied sciences into the transport systems. C-ITS strives for safer, greater efficient, and extra sustainable transport systems. Being related will increase the consciousness of cars about their surroundings. To acquire the dreams and decorate transport systems, interplay and cooperation between actors are key factors. To enable this, dependable communication is required, due to the fact that vehicles riding in automated mode can totally alternate facts with each different via wireless communication. Ultimately, those key elements and reliability extend the complexity of the system, which desires to be tested and evaluated.
... A study proved that IoT based automated traffic controlling system can be helpful in optimizing the traffic flow pattern in high traffic cities [13]. Similarly, IoT quickly transforms conventional traffic management systems into a smart transportation process in the smart city development process [14]. ...
An efficient and effective motor traffic management is crucial for any Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to reduce traffic violations. Scientific evidence suggests that exceeding the speed limit is the most important factor that impacts the severity, fatality and other risks associated with motor vehicle collisions. However, due to the lack of proper technology used in the transport sector, there are possibilities for traffic law violators get unnoticed. Therefore, this study provides a solution based on Internet of Things with Image Processing technology to process the vehicle registration number to uniquely identify the vehicles that are violating traffic laws. The outcome confirms that the architecture is viable for the low-cost automation of traffic fine for the speed violation. In addition, it is recommended to use more robust mechanism to capture the real time speed of any fast-moving vehicle. In conclusion, the proposed architecture with slight modification can be deployed for many commercial test cases such as traffic management, parking, vehicle counting, data privacy, data security and more.
... Along with urban roadways, real-time monitoring of collector roads is critical for improving overall city transportation. Real-time traffic congestion updates [12], as well as warnings from traffic controllers on non-recurring traffic incidents such as spilled cargoes, accidents, emergency services, VIP visits, or any other unusual occurrences, would assist collector road drivers in making decisions. During peak hours, for example, closed institutions such as colleges and hospitals experience significant traffic congestion. ...
... To overcome aforementioned problems, recent works have designed intelligent traffic systems using IoT frameworks [3], [4]. Most of works have focused on using recent technologies like infrared cameras and GPS [5], RFID [6], Bluetooth and Zigbee [7]. ...
... The controlling of signals will be based on the density of the traffic (10) . The significance and use of Raspberry Pi and sensors plays vital role for calculating traffic density (11) . IoT based Traffic signaling system uses traffic data for forwarding to next junction (12) . ...
... The use of sensors and an IoT network for traffic monitoring and optimization is the result of numerous contributions in the literature [135]. In [136], a solution is proposed to optimize the traffic flow at intersections based on ultrasonic sensors integrated with a Raspberry Pi that operate on the road lines, taking into account the density of the traffic. The authors stress the importance of using IoT to drive for smarter safety and safer devices on the road. ...
The increasing population across the globe makes it essential to link smart and sustainable city planning with the logistics of transporting people and goods, which will significantly contribute to how societies will face mobility in the coming years. The concept of smart mobility emerged with the popularity of smart cities and is aligned with the sustainable development goals defined by the United Nations. A reduction in traffic congestion and new route optimizations with reduced ecological footprint are some of the essential factors of smart mobility; however, other aspects must also be taken into account, such as the promotion of active mobility and inclusive mobility, encouraging the use of other types of environmentally friendly fuels and engagement with citizens. The Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain and Big Data technology will serve as the main entry points and fundamental pillars to promote the rise of new innovative solutions that will change the current paradigm for cities and their citizens. Mobility-as-a-service, traffic flow optimization, the optimization of logistics and autonomous vehicles are some of the services and applications that will encompass several changes in the coming years with the transition of existing cities into smart cities. This paper provides an extensive review of the current trends and solutions presented in the scope of smart mobility and enabling technologies that support it. An overview of how smart mobility fits into smart cities is provided by characterizing its main attributes and the key benefits of using smart mobility in a smart city ecosystem. Further, this paper highlights other various opportunities and challenges related to smart mobility. Lastly, the major services and applications that are expected to arise in the coming years within smart mobility are explored with the prospective future trends and scope.
... Proposal [53] Microcontroller-based device for lane monitoring at intersection with a web application for user interaction Prototype [54] Full stack implementation (hardware, communications, web server) for traffic flow metering Prototype [55] Metering and control at intersections within a emergency vehicles priority scheme. It includes sensing, control and communication stages ...
Intersections or junctions are critical points in transportation systems due to their dynamic behaviour, making them prone to safety or efficiency problems. For this reason, the use of technology in monitoring intersections has increased over the last years. In addition, different proposals based on the Internet of Things (IoT) have been used to handle different traffic issues at intersections, taking advantage of the features it provides regarding hardware, software and communications. This work presents a comprehensive review on Intersection Management Systems (IMS), from a component-based point of view, and a special remark on how IoT-based solutions have been adopted recently in this area. A proposed architecture for the implementation of an IoT-ready IMS is presented as well.
... The controlling of signals will be based on the density of the traffic (10) . The significance and use of Raspberry Pi and sensors plays vital role for calculating traffic density (11) . IoT based Traffic signaling system uses traffic data for forwarding to next junction (12) . ...
... This characteristic could be used for real time data of a intersection and change route duly. This can decrease the time wasted by people in traffic signal junction and decrease traffic crowding on busy roads caused due to signals on unoccupied lanes [4]. ...
... Talukder et al., [16] is discussing microcontroller based traffic control system. Using the sensor and live we application the system help to optimise the traffic step by step. ...
The verification of vehicle documents is an important role of transport department which is rising day by day due to the mass registration of the vehicles. An automated vehicle verification system can improve the efficiency of this process. In this paper, we propose an IOT based vehicle verification system using RFID technology. As a result, the vehicle checking which is done now manually can be replaced by automation. There is a loss of a significant amount of time when the normal vehicle checking is done manually. The proposed system will make this process automated. The present verification process is using inductive loops that are placed in a roadbed for detecting vehicles as they pass through the loop of the magnetic field. Similarly, the sensing devices spread along the road can detect passing vehicles through the Bluetooth mechanism. The fixed audio detection devices that can be used to identify the type of vehicles on the road. Other measurements are fixed cameras installed in specific points of roads for categorising the vehicles. But all these mechanisms cannot verify the documents and certificates of the vehicles. In our work, we have suggested an algorithm using RFID technology to automate the documentation verification process of the vehicles like Pollution, Insurance, Rc book etc with the help of RFID reader placed at road checking areas. This documents will be updated by the motor vehicle department at specific periods.
... Smart meters can improve leak detection and information integrity, avoid lost revenue because of wastefulness. In (Talukder et al., 2017), as more and more individuals move to urban communities, traffic crowding, which is already an enormous issue, is just going to get worse. Fortunately, the IoT is well-situated to make enhancements to this area. ...
In the era of IoT, the energy consumption of sensor nodes in WSN is one of the main challenges. It is crucial to reduce energy consumption due to the limited battery life of the sensor nodes. Recently, Zone-based Energy-Aware data coLlection (ZEAL) routing protocol is proposed to improve energy consumption and data delivery. In this paper, an enhancement to ZEAL is proposed to improve WSN performance in terms of energy consumption and data delivery. Enhanced ZEAL (E-ZEAL) applies the K-means clustering algorithm to find the optimal path for the mobile-sink node. As well, it provides better selections for sub-sink nodes. The experiments are performed using the ns-3 simulator. The performance of E-ZEAL is compared to ZEAL. E-ZEAL reduces the number of hops and distance by more than 50%, Leading to speed up the data-collection phase by more than 30% with complete delivery of data. Moreover, E-ZEAL improves the lifetime of the network by 30%. Ó 2019 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
... In fact, traditional methods cannot handle many different situations throughout the day, and can only respond to the same distribution conditions of traffic volumes in all directions. If it is found that which direction should have longer signal time of the green light in the traffic, it can be expected to prevent unnecessary waiting time of the traffic light [4,5]. ...
... Implementation [19] Proposal of using IOT-based set of sensors as source of data for intersection control Simulation [20] IOT-based approach for traffic light control to reduce congestion for environmental conservation Proposal [21] IOT device developmenr for traffic flow metering and traffic light control using 3rd party IoT ready infrasttructure as backend Prototype [22] Microcontroller-based device for lane monitoring at intersection with a Web application for user interaction Prototype [23] Full stack implementation (hardware, communications, web server) for traffic flow metering Prototype [24] Metering and control at intersections within a emergency vehicles priority scheme. It includes sensing, control and communication stages Prototype and all the stack of an Intersection Management System application, from the hardware up to the control and user interaction. ...
Intersections or junctions are critical points in transportation systems due to their dynamic behaviour, making them prone to safety or efficiency problems. For this reason, the use of technology in monitoring intersections has increased over the last years. In addition, different proposals based on the Internet of Things (IoT) have been used to handle different traffic issues at intersections, taking advantage of the features it provides regarding hardware, software and communications. This work presents a comprehensive review on Intersection Management Systems (IMS), from a component-based point of view, and a special remark on how IoT-based solutions have been adopted recently in this area is presented as well.
... It is open hardware with many on-board running components like CPU, graphics, memory, USB controller, etc. Nowadays, Raspberry Pi board is being used in many realtime applications (for e.g. real-time paper currency recognition of new Indian notes after demonetization (Anilkumar and Srikanth, 2018), automatic traffic control system (Talukder et al., 2017), smart traffic system (Kumar et al., 2017), energy management system based on real-time electricity pricing model (Qureshi et al., 2017), self-driving system (Sumardi et al., 2018), 3D wavelet transform (Bernabé et al., 2018) , air quality monitoring system (Alkandari and Moein, 2018). Arduino is an open source electronic platform for the ease of programming. ...
Drinking water quality monitoring is essential these days as the available water is polluted and can cause several diseases like cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, etc. This paper presents a low-cost wireless water quality monitoring system based on Arduino and Zigbee Module. Water quality parameters for monitoring is decided by the Central Pollution and Control Board, New Delhi, India. The water quality sensors are interfaced with the Arduino board through signal conditioning circuit. Acquired data is sent to the server over the wireless network through the Zigbee module. At the server, Raspberry Pi is used for data receiving and results have been shown on the graphical display.
... It is open hardware with many on-board running components like CPU, graphics, memory, USB controller, etc. Nowadays, Raspberry Pi board is being used in many realtime applications (for e.g. real-time paper currency recognition of new Indian notes after demonetization (Anilkumar and Srikanth, 2018), automatic traffic control system (Talukder et al., 2017), smart traffic system (Kumar et al., 2017), energy management system based on real-time electricity pricing model (Qureshi et al., 2017), self-driving system (Sumardi et al., 2018), 3D wavelet transform (Bernabé et al., 2018) , air quality monitoring system (Alkandari and Moein, 2018). Arduino is an open source electronic platform for the ease of programming. ...
This survey examines various methodologies and technological solutions aimed at addressing traffic congestion in urban environments. It explores the implementation of Intelligent Smart Traffic Congestion Control Systems utilizing RFID technology and fuzzy logic for strategic decision-making in traffic signal timing. Additionally, advanced algorithms such as biased random-key genetic algorithms are discussed for assessing real-world instances globally. The survey emphasizes the importance of integrating innovative technologies and intelligent decision-making frameworks to optimize traffic management and enhance urban transportation efficiency. Through a synthesis of diverse insights, the survey offers valuable perspectives on congestion mitigation and outlines promising avenues for future research and implementation. Overall, this survey contributes to the discourse on traffic management strategies, providing stakeholders with insights to guide the development of more effective and sustainable urban transportation systems.
Current development of information technology offers a wide number of possible data collection approaches, but it is often limited by economic or legal barriers. Cities in Slovakia have a wide range of possible data sources available concerning their inhabitants, services and properties. However, targeted data collection is often lacking when it comes to transport. Larger cities face problems related to traffic congestion and safety, where data of sufficient quality is essential for managing traffic flows and monitoring the condition of roads and parking. This paper focuses on analyzing experience from other countries that use IoT devices to collect data in the field of transport. The goal is to provide inspiration and guidelines for the effective collection of relevant data in Slovak cities. The introduction of these technologies could contribute to better traffic management, increased traffic safety and more efficient use of parking capacities, which would significantly contribute to the development of smart and sustainable cities in Slovakia.
This paper aims to map the conceptual approach of intellectual capital for the period 1982-2022 by using a bibliometric study. For this study, we used the Web of Science as a main database for data collection. Collected data were analysed with descriptive statistics, co-occurrence, citation and co-citation analyses. Visualization of these analyses was proceeded by VOSviewer. Separately we analysed the case of the Slovak Republic. Our results show that Slovakia has a huge time gap with other countries but the positive is that Slovak researchers are in step with worldwide popular areas of intellectual capital. This study offers a wide range of the current state of researching intellectual capital worldwide and separately for the Slovak Republic. Úvod "Informácie a vedomosti sú termonukleárnymi konkurenčnými zbraňami našej doby. Vedomosti sú cennejšie a mocnejšie ako prírodné zdroje, veľké továrne alebo tučné banky. V jednom odvetví za druhým dosahujú úspech spoločnosti, ktoré majú najlepšie informácie alebo ich využívajú najefektívnejšie-nie nevyhnutne spoločnosti s najväčšou silou".
It is crucial to identify the flow of traffic based on unexpected factors such as obstacles on the road and accidents. The proposed road traffic monitoring “Pandai Smart Highway” is based on the traffic camera placed above the digital signboard, it allows for capturing the obstruction on the road, density, and speed of the vehicles. Emergency services on highways are not well developed by solely relying on the siren only works around a limited radius. Smart highway systems play a crucial role in road traffic management, and planning, and reduce frequent traffic jams, speed violations, and road accidents. Our solution is based on sensors to detect traffic patterns, emergency vehicles, and obstructions. At the same time, digital signage and LED bars are being implemented to notify drivers regarding the road situation. A prototype is used to assess the viability of the model. The results of the investigations demonstrate good efficiency in vehicle detection and accurate messages provided to the drivers.KeywordsIOTSmart highwayIR sensorCamera sensorLED traffic lane markers
There’s a need to look for alternate sources of energy due to increasing population. The utilization of energy from the vibrations created by the vehicles and the activity by people is relevant for the energy deficient countries. This review incorporates various research papers that deal with piezoelectric materials to generate energy. Along with different techniques to increase energy efficiency, papers dealing with integration of piezoelectric sensors with smart street and traffic lights have also been reviewed. However, the authors believe that with further research into piezoelectric material, a model can be proposed which is both time and energy efficient.
Mullite is a combination compound of alumino-silicate, found very rarely in nature. During the last two decades, mullite becomes crucial for classical and modern ceramics due to its favorable properties. In this present investigation, mullite ceramic was fabricated using industrial waste (fly ash) through the gel casting process. The green body is made up of two batch compositions with varying raw materials followed by sintering at 1300C. Fly ash powder characterization was done by PSD, XRF, XRD, and SEM. Finally, the sintered samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The XRD peak and SEM micrographs confirmed that mullite crystals have formed in the batch composition of MC2.
In progress toward smart city environments, which revolves around improving city services, sustainability, and citizen’s quality of life; information and communication technology (ICT) can be influential. The development and consolidation of IoT-based smart city applications are supported by software platforms. However, there are few environmental, social, and technological challenges before these platforms that the ICT community must overcome. Due to these difficulties, a variety of scenarios in various situations for IoT-enabled smart cities have been considered. This chapter throws light on the major issues with the smart city project and the measures taken in the favor of these challenges. Also, in this chapter, work is proposed which demonstrates the use of drones in the surveillance of the cities thus ensuring a safer smart city. A smart city offers reliable e-services, a higher quality of living, and serves the needs of its residents daily. This is part of India’s ambitious “Digital India 2030” plan to develop smart cities across the country, where the Internet of Things (IoT), modern networks, smart solutions, and, ICT in the event of natural disasters are all important to achieve this objective. Residents of smart cities produce a vast amount of data as a result of their behavior daily, which, if gathered and processed, could aid smart cities in being more effective, people-friendly, clean, and stable.
Environment is the key factor in the greenhouse system. To provide monitoring and controlling facility inside the greenhouse, IoT based system is more flexible and suitable solution. To maintain the proper environment inside the greenhouse , we have designed the system with heating, cooling and water supply facility by integrating the system with heater, cooling fan and water pump. The temperature, humidity and the soil moisture inside the greenhouse continuously monitored and controlled over online platform.
Water quality assessment has always been of primary importance before consumption as most of the available water is polluted, which could transmit several waterborne diseases. Water Quality Index (WQI) is a unique single value to determine overall water quality. WQI summarizes the water quality parameters in a single value. MATLAB fuzzy is the standard toolbox to implement the water quality index. The user has to determine only the inputs as different water quality parameters and the membership functions based on the complexity of the application. This approach is offline, as it cannot be implemented in real-time. An alternate method may be the WQI measurement in the Python framework for real-time implementation. In this paper, we are trying to find out that it is possible to switch from MATLAB fuzzy toolbox to the Python framework for real-time implementation. The WQI measurement is performed in both the fuzzy toolbox from MATLAB® and Python 3.4. Based on the results, a comparative study has been done, and the switching possibility is found out.
This paper proposes a low-cost automated traffic detection system based on image processing. Dhaka is one of the crowded cities in the world with highly challenging traffic system. There is substantial lack of awareness among the drivers of transport system. As a result, citizens do not follow the rules and regulation while driving in Dhaka city. The tendency of violating the traffic regulation is noticeable throughout the country. As a result, the whole traffic system collapses very often and sometimes it ends-up with severe accidents. In recent days, the government has taken different initiatives including enlargement of pedestrian walkways, building new flyovers and foot-over bridges, expansion of existing roads. But, violation still the outcome of all these initiatives could not improve the situation significantly. The proposed system will automatically detect the traffic through live streaming video so that the detected images can be used to detect traffic violation. Later on, the law enforcement agency will be able to take necessary legal steps based on the stored information on the database.
Traffic congestion is increasing globally, and this problem needs to be addressed by the traffic management system. Traffic signal control (TSC) is an effective method among various traffic management systems. In a dynamically changing and interconnected traffic environment, the currently model-based TSCs are not adaptive. In addition, with the rise of smart cities and IoT, there is a need for efficient TSCs that can handle large and complex data. To address this issue, this study proposes a TSC system to maximize the number of vehicles crossing an intersection and balances the signals between roads by using Q-learning (QL). The proposed system has a flexible structure that can be modified to suit the changes in the original structure of the intersection.
Traffic congestion has become a major problem in the world wide. So we need efficient system which monitors the traffic and updates the time setting in traffic signal. The cameras installed in the road junction will be used to capture the real time traffic and these images will be processed to count the number of vehicles in each lane. MATLAB Platform is used where it develops the various object detection algorithms for the combination of many image processing algorithms. The real time object detection and tracking will be generated by control signals where Arduino programming will provide an interfacing hardware prototype. The centroid value will be calculated in each lane. Based on the centroid values obtained from the system, the signals will be sent for the traffic pole as the output.
This paper proposes the development of a Raspberry Pi-based
hardware platform for drinking-water quality monitoring. The selection of
water quality parameters was made based on guidelines of the Central
Pollution and Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi, India. A graphical user interface
(GUI) was developed for providing an interactive human machine interface to
the end user for ease of operation. The Python programming language was used for
GUI development, data acquisition, and data analysis. Fuzzy computing
techniques were employed for decision-making to categorize the water quality
in different classes like “bad”, “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, and
“excellent”. The system has been tested for various water samples from eight
different locations, and the water quality was observed as being good,
satisfactory, and poor for the measured water samples. Finally, the
obtained results were compared with the benchmark for authentication.
Road Traffic congestion is a perennial problem across the globe. The nature of the problems associated with vehicular traffic is not uniform across the globe. In the recent past, several solutions were proposed to improve traffic management. However most of these solutions cater to the traffic scenarios in the developed countries where traffic is lane based and the issues being encountered is quite different from that of developing countries. The existing solutions cannot be readily applied to the traffic situation of developing countries. In this paper, we propose an architecture which addresses the challenges of real time traffic management of non-lane based and chaotic traffic of developing countries. The big data collected for traffic analysis can be used to provide predictive analysis and patterns to enable the Traffic Department to manage the traffic better.
Device to Device Communication pattern is analyzed for IoT based Smart Traffic Management System in the paper. In this type of communication pattern there is no any human intervention in a system because of direct communication between the devices, hence it is completely automated. D2D Communication Patterns are in great demand in IoT sector where a Thing (Device) is controlled by Internet from any remote place by using another Device. Here in an experiment of Smart Traffic Management System the method to determine Traffic Density on a particular lane is discussed. Ultrasonic Sensors are employed as the data acquisition unit to collect the information regarding Traffic Density and Raspberry Pi is used as Control Unit for processing the data. The information regarding traffic density sensed is processed and transmitted to the users provided with Android Application, where the user get a notification about the traffic density in that particular lane and hence assist to take an alternate path.
The highway is always identical to the motor vehicle which is one of the means to reach a specific location or destination, for example, they are going home or work, shopping, vacation, or those who are planning to return home. Not many people know about the road condition information along the way they will pass. Based on the lack of information on road conditions, especially in the area of East Java, it needed a Road Condition Monitoring application that can run on a mobile platform Android. Users can find out about road conditions will be passed. These applications take advantage of social media by using Text Mining System as information to be displayed to the user, so the application can be real time. The information will be displayed to users categorized into six types, including floods, traffic jams, congested roads, road damage, accidents, and landslides. The result of the evaluation process of this road condition monitoring has an accuracy of 92%. With this application, it will be monitoring road conditions in real time and the community will also feel more secure and comfortable when traveling inside and outside the city in any time.
Traffic congestion is one of the serious problems in all the mega-cities. It is evolving with rapid growth of population. To overcome the challenge, this study proposes an intelligent system that can optimize the road traffic in real-time without having a huge infrastructural change by using vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), and the swarm intelligence of natural environmental agent called ant colony optimization (ACO). VANET is an emerging new technology integrating ad-hoc network and wireless cellular technology to achieve inter-vehicle communications. The ACO algorithm is very powerful in solving optimization problems which helps to build a very efficient routing. The proposed system can provide an improved platform to consider the traffic movement and congestion pattern for avoiding the traffic blockage.
Real-time traffic surveillance is essential in today's intelligent transportation systems. This paper reports on the design of a novel, cost-effective, and intelligent real-time traffic monitoring systems using wireless smart sensor networks. Reliable and computationally efficient algorithms were developed for vehicle counting and speed estimation. The integration of system components and distinctive algorithms is discussed in detail. A preliminary experimental study composed of various scenarios conducted under highway conditions resulted in 99.95% counting accuracy and 96.11% speed estimation accuracy. Estimated cost of a single sensor node is less than $40.
Social networks have been recently employed as a source of information for event detection, with particular reference to road traffic congestion and car accidents. In this paper, we present a real-time monitoring system for traffic event detection from Twitter stream analysis. The system fetches tweets from Twitter according to several search criteria; processes tweets, by applying text mining techniques; and finally performs the classification of tweets. The aim is to assign the appropriate class label to each tweet, as related to a traffic event or not. The traffic detection system was employed for real-time monitoring of several areas of the Italian road network, allowing for detection of traffic events almost in real time, often before online traffic news web sites. We employed the support vector machine as a classification model, and we achieved an accuracy value of 95.75% by solving a binary classification problem (traffic versus nontraffic tweets). We were also able to discriminate if traffic is caused by an external event or not, by solving a multiclass classification problem and obtaining an accuracy value of 88.89%.
With the development of wireless communications, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has received considerable attention on information sharing and data delivery services. In order to collect and control traffic conditions, Intelligent Transportations Systems (ITS) has deployed a number of Road Side Units (RSUs) along the roads to collect and deliver traffic information to the Traffic Control Center (TCC) for analyzing traffic data. Although some VANET models have been proposed based on the predictable routes and schedules of buses, none of them considered taking advantage of such traffic infrastructure which already been supplied by ITS and combine them with scheduled buses. In this paper, we propose a two-tier BUS-VANET that is fully integrated with RSUs and TCC as traffic infrastructures. In this new architecture, the communications of vehicles, not only benefit from the existence of buses, but also consider the effects of using RSUs and TCC. RSUs are used to ensure service coverage while TCC is helpful for locating the destination vehicle quickly. We also investigate how much benefits can be obtained by taking advantage of traffic infrastructure.
The design and simulation of traffic monitoring system based on RFID
- Q Xinyun
- X Xiao