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[2004] Moita do Ourives um habitat do Neolítico médio no Baixo Tejo
Abstract
O sítio arqueológico Moita do Ourives é um espaço de habitat intervencionado no âmbito da arqueologia de emergência. Localizado, genericamente, na margem esquerda do Baixo Tejo (Benavente), foi-lhe atribuído uma cronologia relativa que o integra no denominado Neolítico médio.
... Destaca-se a presença CXXXIII 123 de cerâmica lisa, com decoração impressa, incisa e plástica, bem como com sulco abaixo do bordo. No campo do espólio lítico, regista-se a presença de uma macroindústria em quartzito, sendo que as lamelas recolhidas são todas em sílex (Lopes, 2002;Neves, Rodrigues, Diniz, 2008a). ...
... Ao nível do espólio lítico, ocorre a presença de um domínio percentual do talhe expedito para obtenção de lascas, destacando-se, no campo dos produtos alongados e utensílios uma lâmina em sílex e um trapézio sobre lâmina. Observa-se, de igual modo, a presença de pedra polida (um machado) e de dormentes e moventes (Neves, Rodrigues, Diniz, 2008a). ...
Monte da Foz 1 (Benavente, Portugal) is an open-air site identified during a surface work and it was partly excavated by a rescue excavation that took place during the construction of the A10 - Highway. The excavation took place in different areas affected by the highway. The five soundings of one of those areas, the squares B10-B14, allowed the observation of a secure and preserved archaeological context. The present text is the result of the full study of the archaeological data from this archaeological level, framing it, chrono-culturally, in the evolutionary dynamics resulting from the Neolithisation process in the current portuguese territory. The absence of eco-facts in the archaeological record didn’t allow the obtaining of absolute chronology. By this fact, chronological definition was gained according to techno-typological analysis of the material culture, and by the characterization of the typology and functional strategy of the human occupation. The settlement seems to fit in a typology of contexts, culturally related to the early phases of the neolithisation process, more common in the current portuguese territory, the establishments of short duration. The major presence of undecorated pottery, the significant weight of ceramic containers decorated with an incised line below the rim, the preference for a macroindustry of flakes and borers, using local raw materials (quartzite and quartz), the existence of a flint laminary industry, which brought out an interesting number of blades, bladelets and geometric armatures represented by segments and trapezes, combined with the a short duration occupation strategy, puts, crono-culturaly, the range of occupation for Monte da Foz, during the late phases of the early Neolithic, in transition to the middle Neolithic. These data suggests a settlement occupied between the 2nd half of the Vth millennium and the beginnings of the IVth millennium BC. According to the material culture, the group that occupied the Monte da Foz 1 would be, economically and socially, connected with the interaction modalities, between the Man and Environment that characterize the neolithisation process in progress, within an overall framework of rupture compared to the Mesolithic.
... The data presented in this article provided by the full analysis of the archaeological evidence recovered in the excavation of the Middle Neolithic sites of Monte da Foz 1 and Moita do Ourives (Benavente, Portugal). Located in the left bank of the Lower Tagus Valley, Monte da Foz 1, and Moita do Ourives are two open air settlements identified during the rescue archeological fieldwork carried out for an highway construction (Neves, Rodrigues, & Diniz, 2008a, 2008b. ...
In this article, we study the role played by pottery production in the transition from Early Neolithic to Middle Neolithic in Western Iberia (∼4500–3300 cal BC) based on a critical analysis of the available empirical data. We establish a chronological and cultural sequence for this period, regarding which the historical problematic is still poorly defined due to a lasting absence of scientific discussion about the long Neolithisation process. During the evolved Early Neolithic (∼5200–4500 cal BC), archeological record shows regional specificities and cultural identities in human groups occupying a vast territory. Pottery collections evidence the strong social importance of decorative grammars, marked by a wide variety of techniques and decorative patterns. In quantitative terms, decorated vessels largely prevail over undecorated vessels. However, in the following chrono-cultural phase, the Initial Middle Neolithic (∼4500–3700 cal BC), it starts an increasing prevalence of undecorated vessels over decorated. Decorative systems prefer the incision technique to impression (dominant in the Early Neolithic). Recurrent use of an incised motif called incised line below the rim . In this period, this type of decoration prevails in the set of decorated pottery and is found in different geographic contexts. This adds consistency to the interpretation according to which the same artifact collections are found in all settlements of the initial Middle Neolithic. Finally, by the time of the first-known Megalithic burials – Full Moment of the Middle Neolithic (3700–3300 cal BC) – the decorative grammars almost disappear from pottery sets, which became more “common” and missed some of their symbolic and social meaning. Undecorated vessels prevail even more strongly than in the previous period.
... A escavação do Monte da Foz 1 e da Moita do Ourives, localizados no Baixo Vale do Tejo, constituem-se como dois dos exemplos associados a este momento da Arqueologia Portuguesa, onde o carácter de emergência que "orienta" a intervenção arqueológica é compatível com a investigação e com a produção científica de um discurso histórico resultante de dados provenientes do terreno (Neves 2010, 2013, 2018, Neves -Rodrigues -Diniz 2008a, 2008b, Rodrigues 2006. Corresponde a um período onde as intervenções obedecem a escolhas prévias do espaço a intervencionar, gerando conjuntos artefactuais, geralmente de pequena dimensão mas que atestam efectivos episódios de ocupação de um território. ...
In the scientific debate about the Neolithisation process in Westen Iberia, one of the less characterized cultural phases in discussion is the Middle Neolithic. If, in one hand, the archaeological research understands its decisive importance in the evolution of Neolithic societies, on the other hand this moment is still associated to a lack of scientific knowledge, in opposition to the other Neolithic phases (Early and Late Neolithic).
This paper presents, in a historiographical perspective, the research progress about the Middle Neolithic in the centre and south Portugal, from the 1970s to the present.
In this almost 50-year journey, we will highlight the main archaeologists, scientific studies and archaeological sites that contributed most to the study of this specific chrono-cultural moment, as well as the methodologies adopted and the main goals of the scientific quiz that guided all archaeological actions during the research.
... ; Scarre e Oosterbeek, 2010), destacam-se os monumentos megalíticos, ainda que ocupações de ar livre enquadráveis na transição do Neolítico antigo para o Neolítico médio como Monte da Foz I (Neves, 2010), já do | ARKEOS 44 | 33 | ZOOARQUEOLOGIA E TAFONOMIA DA TRANSIÇÃO PARA A AGRO-PASTORÍCIA NO BAIXO E MÉDIO VALE DO TEJO | Neolítico médio como Moita do Ourives(Rodrigues, 2006) e LosBarruecos (Cerrillo Cuenca, 2006), ou usos funerários em áreas cársicas como Canaleja I (Cerrillo Cuenca e González, 2011), estejam identificados. ...
... The main goal of this project was to fill the gap in the archaeological record based on: new available data revealed by Gonçalo Lopes' survey and rescue fieldwork in the Muge area (Paúl da Vala Real and Vala Real) and Benavente (Monte da Foz 1 and Moita do Ourives). However, this project only lasted for one year and was focused on the Benavente area (Neves et al. 2008a(Neves et al. , 2008bNeves 2010), leaving the region of Muge at a similar level of understanding as it was at the beginning of the project. ...
Muge is mostly known for the presence of numerous late Mesolithic shell-middens. Perhaps for this reason, archaeological researches have been oriented towards this particular matter – remaining information blanks regarding immediately subsequent periods. Recent field survey works have allowed to recognize that, beyond the Mesolithic shell-middens, we can also find an important space occupancy by the ancient peasant communities, right from Early Neolithic. However, these occupations are related to late Early Neolithic. Occupations related to the first Neolithic communities are only known to peripheral areas of the Mesolithic exploitation territories. It seems that there is a time gap between the last Mesolithic communities – that have persisted here, even after the beginning of the Neolithisation Process in other areas (Estremadura Limestone Massif), – and the first Neolithic communities to occupy this area. This contribution aims to present a chrono-cartographic overview of this area, defining the possible
space occupation diagrams since the last centuries of the 6th millennium BCE, without temporal (apparently only spatial) continuity with the Mesolithic shell-middens.
The main goal of this work is to define a poorly known phase of Western Iberia’s Prehistory: the Middle Neolithic. Chronologically, this study is bounded from the end of the Early Neolithic until the end of the Middle Neolithic, that is, from the beginning of the second half of the 5th millennium until the third quarter of the 4th millennium cal BC.
Taking into account the empirical data available and the detailed study of Middle Neolithic occupations at the site of Moita do Ourives (Benavente), this study aims to characterize the spaces of habitat associated with this chrono-cultural period, incorporating them in the larger dynamics of the Neolithisation process in the center and south of current Portuguese territory. Simultaneously, it seeks to detect changes and/or continuities between this phase and the behavior of earlier Neolithic groups, in terms of their society, material culture, economy, settlement strategies and symbolic behavior. In contrast with the dynamics of the first stages of the Neolithisation process – where cultural identities are well established –, the Middle Neolithic in South Portugal seems to be characterized by an enlarged “social coherence”. This is shown by the uniformity of domestic and grave goods material culture, which is the same throughout an enlarged territory. The Middle Neolithic human groups explore distinct geomorphological contexts and ecosystems within settlements based on strong circulation dynamics, adapting their agro-pastoralist and hunting-gathering subsistence strategies to the functional typology of distinct domestic spaces that are typically of short duration.
This thesis contemplates a comparison between communities of Hunter-Gatherers focused on their subsistence and located in three very distinct regions set half the globe apart upon the North Hemisphere: Korea and Japan, and Portugal. Having each one a vastly rich culture package this work intends to create a connection among the Korean Chulmun , Japanese Jomon and Portuguese Mesolithic/Neolithic people. An approach based, initially, on geographical and geological stand point, both at the present and past (up to 25000 BP) states, where sciences like palynology, paleobotany and oceanography help reconstruct all the intended scenarios for each country. From there on, an analysis to the historical periods of Korea, Japan and Portugal is made in order to enable the reader to generate the needed awareness for a better understanding of the subject. Then, it is presented various sites from the three countries, following a chronological sequence, showing the evolution of these people in all aspects. Given all these topics, it is intended, with this work, to open new discussions about the evolution of the human being throughout time and if there were or not large-scale interactions, communities to communities deactivating any natural or anthropological barriers.
Keywords: Hunter-Gatherers; Subsistence; Pre-History; Korea; Japan; Portugal;
The present work reports a further study of a terrestrial gastropod assemblage identified side-to-side with human burials in the Algar do Bom Santo, a cave site located in karstified Jurassic units of the uplifted calcareous massif of Montejunto Mountain. Bom Santo Cave has been considered one of the best preserved Middle Neolithic necropolis presently known in Portuguese territory, with available radiocarbon dates pointing to a rather short occupation between c. 3800–3400 cal BC (Carvalho et al. 2012; see also chapter 4.2). Archaeological, anthropologic and ecological data from the two excavated areas (Room A and Room B) of this noteworthy cave site have been studied and are presented in this
volume.
With an abstract in english. An important early neolithic site near the Sorraia river, 90 km from Lisbon, in the left bank of Tagus river.
The final phases of the Early Neolithic and the transition towards the Middle Neolithic are still poorly understood and often lack a systematic definition. In terms of chronology, it seems certain that the Middle Neolithic transition starts during the second half of the 5th millennium, and ends by the time of the construction of the first megalithic monuments in the 4th millennium cal BC. However, the difficulty to frame this period both in terms of chronological and cultural aspects reflects the lack of solid information that we still faced when it comes to the characterization of Middle Neolithic sites. Up to now, the scientific debate has mainly focused on the analysis of neolithisation processes occurring between the second half of the 6th and the first half of the 5th millennium BC. As a consequence, the Middle Neolithic remains as an empty phase between two well-defined moments, the Early Neolithic, and the Late Neolithic. Through the available empirical evidence, this paper aims to present a first reflection on elements which are in large still difficult to define, such as settlement patterns and resource exploitations developed by Middle Neolithic groups in southern Portugal. The methodology used in the 3D modeling, produced satisfactory results, providing an effective tool in the problem of paleoenvironmental reconstruction in areas with scarce geologic information.
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