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The Role of Smart Materials in Adaptable Facade

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Abstract

Over the last century, architecture has had a noticeable attitude towards using of large areas of glass in building facades, which causes the need of large quantity of energy to moderate internal climate. Growing of awareness towards energy conservation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, requires finding suitable technological solutions for architectural facades, Because they are important parts of building's envelope which are the medium between outer and inner environment that could control the interior environment. Advances made in the field of smart materials introduce new solutions for heat transition, heat insulation and producing energy, which leads to find effective ways to decrease consuming energy. Smart materials have been used for designing adaptive facades are capable of modifying external environment effect and consuming less energy by using of static and mobile systems to achieve the goal of adaptation. To high light the research problem that is (Lack of knowledge in identifying the mechanisms that are used in the environmental functions of adaptive facades by using smart materials .So the objective of this research was determined as to "Identify the suitable mechanisms and smart materials that are used in the environmental functions of adaptive facades by using smart materials". According to that we will be able to identify the best mechanisms of static and dynamic systems in adaptable facades
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Historically, the availability of new materials inspires designers and architects with new potential solutions. Recently, architectural applications have more concerns about sustainable requirements, which are combined with the development of nanotechnology. The availability of nanomaterials and nano-devices offer the possibility to produce smart textiles. However, smart textiles witness a commercial production and increasing application for the contemporary architectural façades. The availability of nanomaterials adds smartness to the textiles by the use of a coating, like self-healing, antimicrobial, anti-fouling, self-thermos regulating, etc. Other nanomaterials are used like conductive ink, thermos-chromic inks, conductive polymers, conductive threads, shape memory materials, piezoelectric materials, and ceramic materials to produce nano-devices that add smartness to the textiles. The paper aims to detect the inquiry about the multi-functional properties of smart textiles for the architectural façade. The methodology follows a descriptive method to study the use of smart textiles, relying on the data collected from previous theoretical literature. A chosen case study has been described briefly and analysed to indicate the multi-functional properties of smart textile used. As a conclusion, smart textiles are used according to the purpose that is proposed by the designer. They are used to fulfil aesthetic, structural and environmental functions. The most effective property is the potentiality that has been available to create interactive and creative shapes and patterns for the architectural façade with additional sustainable multi-functions. (PDF) Smart textiles for the architectural façade. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339749028_Smart_textiles_for_the_architectural_facade [accessed Apr 18 2020].
Conference Paper
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This paper looks at two distinct approaches to kinetic façades and smart building assemblies reminiscent of designs for the Institut du Monde Arabe and for Hoberman's Simon Center. The first approach uses Arduino microcontroller-guided kinetic components with a distinct assemblage of elements, each performing a dedicated function such as sensor, actuator, or logical processing unit. The second approach incorporates custom-designed smart materials-shape memory alloys (SMAs)-that not only complement or replace the need for electrically operated sensors or actuators, but also eliminate a microcontroller, since in this arrangement the material itself performs computational functions. The paper will discuss case studies that use physical computing and smart-material models as vehicles to discuss the value of each approach to adaptive design in architecture. Building on these observations, the paper looks into conceptual aspects of an integrated hybrid system that combines both computation approaches and unique opportunities inherent to these hybrid designs.
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