Article

Publication trends in gamification: A systematic mapping study

February 2018
Computer Science Review 27:33-44

DOI:10.1016/j.cosrev.2017.10.003

Authors:

Jussi Kasurinen

South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences

Antti Knutas

Lappeenranta – Lahti University of Technology LUT

h i g h l i g h t s • This study presents four big trends and the core literature in gamification. • This publication provides a meta-review of several other literature reviews. • This publication identifies the most common publication venues on gamification. • The study concludes that the most pressing research issue currently is to collect evidence on the practical applications of gamification. • Most common theme in gamification studies currently is education. a b s t r a c t The term gamification and gamified systems are a trending area of research. However, gamification can indicate several different things, such as applying the game-like elements into the design of the user interface of a software, but not all gamification is necessarily associated with software products. Overall, it is unclear what different aspects are studied under the umbrella of 'gamification', and what is the current state of the art in the gamification research. In this paper, 1164 gamification studies are analyzed and classified based on their focus areas and the research topics to establish what the research trends in gamification are. Based on the results, e-learning and proof-of-concept studies in the ecological lifestyle and sustainability, assisting computer science studies and improving motivation are the trendiest areas of gamification research. Currently, the most common types of research are the proof-of-concept studies, and theoretical works on the different concepts and elements of gamification.

User Motivation Level Analysis of SME Collaboration Gamification

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2022

One of the problems of SME is the low motivation to collaborate; the lack of research on exploring the motivation to collaborate is an issue that needs to be focused on solving. Objectives. This research aims to explore the level and type of motivation that influences SME's interest in collaborating to provide new insights for SME managers to apply appropriate treatment in developing collaborative activities. This study analyses six octalysis core drives that affect user interest in the use of SME collaboration gamification applications involving 293 SME respondents in the East Java Province. The research method is descriptive and quantitative, using Smart PLS, with a path analysis and analysis model. This study formulates six hypotheses to determine the effect of six core drives on using the collaborative gamification system. The results showed that the four constructs had a p-value less than 0.05 and a T-Statistic value greater than 1.96, while the other two constructs produced the opposite value. This finding reveals that four core drives (Epic Meaning, Development, Social Influence, and Avoidance) affect user interest in using collaborative gamification applications. In contrast, two core drives (Ownership and Unpredictable) do not affect it. The implication of this study is a recommendation for developers of collaboration-gamification systems to consider the results of this hypothesis, especially the role of core-drive catalysis as a reference in revising or developing collaborative gamification systems. Future work could apply the TAM model to analyze the technology acceptance rate of this system.

A gamificação no treinamento e estabilização de uma iniciativa de Manufatura Enxuta: um estudo de caso baseado na ferramenta SMED

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Nov 2020

Na última década, a gamificação tem sido cada vez mais empregada em diferentes áreas e para diferentes fins. Sua aplicação na área Industrial é tida como promissora, ainda que poucas Provas de Conceito tenham sido documentadas se comparadas com outras áreas, como a educação para ciência da computação ou ecologia. Por outro lado, a Manufatura Enxuta e suas ferramentas tem origem e vasta aplicação documentada na Indústria, se propondo a reduzir desperdícios através de iniciativas que aumentam a produtividade e flexibilidade. Uma das etapas mais críticas da implementação desse tipo de iniciativa é o treinamento e estabilização dos novos padrões que são gerados para os funcionários. O trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso onde a gamificação foi efetiva para o treinamento e estabilização de uma iniciativa de Manufatura Enxuta do tipo SMED, em uma Indústria do segmento farmacêutico.

Practices, purposes and challenges in integrating gamification using technology: A mixed-methods study on university academics

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2023
Educ Inform Tech

Unlabelled: Literature emphasizes that gamification significantly enhances students' engagement in learning and their motivation level. Studies have also examined the benefits of gamification in learning across different levels of education. However, the focus on academics' pedagogical understanding, knowledge, and skills and how they utilize these in planning and carrying out their gamified lessons particularly in the context of higher education, are not well researched. A mixed-methods study was conducted at a Malaysian public university with the aim of uncovering the practices, purposes, and challenges of integrating gamification via technology from the academics' perspective. Findings show the academics' practices of gamification could be further enhanced and their pedagogical considerations revolve around five main themes: (i) motivating students' learning; (ii) facilitating thinking skills and solving problems; (ii) engaging students' learning; (iv) facilitating interactions and (v) achieving specific teaching and learning goals. Based on the findings, the researchers proposed two models that would be able to facilitate and enhance academics' pedagogical knowledge and skills in integrating gamification for students' learning. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11723-7.

Research Trends and Applications of Gamification in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis Spanning 2013–2022

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2023

Gamification plays an essential role in supporting educational goals. Existing literature confirmed that gamification has been widely used to elevate student achievement in many fields. This study examines the current status and research trends of gamification applications in higher education by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis during the period 2013-2022. This study focuses on publication language, growth rates, most frequent author keywords, most cited papers, most prolific authors, most impactful journals, most productive institutions, and most active countries. For bibliometric mapping analysis, a total of 819 peer-reviewed journal articles were retrieved from the Scopus database. The results showed that: (1) the majority of the manuscripts are written in English, (2) the peak of publication is 2021 with 216 papers, (3) gamification, higher education, and motivation have been the most used keywords, (4) the works of Domínguez et al., de-Marcos et al., and Buckley and Doyle have been the most frequently cited documents, (5) de-Marcos, Boyle, and Pérez-López have been the most important authors, (6) Sustainability, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, and Journal of Chemical Education have been among the top journals, (7) Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Sevilla, and Tecnologico de Monterrey have been the top institutions, and (8) Spain, the US, and the UK have been the most important countries in this area. This study offers a useful contribution in the area and provides a comprehensive overview, scientific landscape, and future direction of the field.

Measuring how motivation affects information quality assessment: A gamification approach

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2022
PLOS ONE

Purpose: Existing research on the measurability of information quality (IQ) has delivered poor results and demonstrated low inter-rater agreement measured by Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) in evaluating IQ dimensions. Low ICC could result in a questionable interpretation of IQ. The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether assessors' motivation can facilitate ICC. Methodology: To acquire the participants' views of IQ, we designed a survey as a gamified process. Additionally, we selected Web study to reach a broader audience. We increased the validity of the research by including a diverse set of participants (i.e. individuals with different education, demographic and social backgrounds). Findings: The study results indicate that motivation improved the ICC of IQ on average by 0.27, demonstrating an increase in measurability from poor (0.29) to moderate (0.56). The results reveal a positive correlation between motivation level and ICC, with a significant overall increase in ICC relative to previous studies. The research also identified trends in ICC for different dimensions of IQ with the best results achieved for completeness and accuracy. Practical implications: The work has important practical implications for future IQ research and suggests valuable guidelines. The results of this study imply that considering raters' motivation improves the measurability of IQ substantially. Originality: Previous studies addressed ICC in IQ dimension evaluation. However, assessors' motivation has been neglected. This study investigates the impact of assessors' motivation on the measurability of IQ. Compared to the results in related work, the level of agreement achieved with the most motivated group of participants was superior.

PEMETAAN DAN ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN BIDANG GAMIFICATION BERBASIS METODE KOMBINASI OPEN KNOWLEDGE MAP DAN VOS VIEWER

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2022

Artikel ini melaporkan tentang kajian penelusuran mengenai perkembangan bidang gamification dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Sumber data diperoleh dari meta data publikasi jurnal ilmiah, tesis, dan disertasi dalam rentang tahun 2012 hingga 2022. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelusuran literature review yang mengkombinasikan aplikasi Open Knowledge Map (OKM) dan Vos Viewer (VV) dimana data diolah dengan mengikuti prosedur aplikasi yang digunakan kemudiaan dianalisis. Hasil kajian ini menyajikan pemetaan dan analisis peluang-peluang riset masa depan terkait gamification dan bagaimana keterkaitan antar penelitian dalam membentuk state of the art penelitian. OKM digunakan untuk memetakan kluster-kluster bidang gamification, sedangkan VV berperan untuk melihat kluster gamifikasi dengan analisis dan sumber yang berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat kecenderungan sub bidang gamification design menjadi topik yang memiliki literatur terbanyak, terkini dan te relasi dengan beberapa sub topik. Untuk itu peluang penelitian di sub bidang ini masih terbuka luas dan masih perlu untuk dikembangkan.

Potential Customer Analysis Based on Gender, Age, Retention, Motivation Using K-Means and Octalysis Gamification Approach

Article

Nov 2023

This study aims to analyze the role of gender, age, retention, and motivation on the high and low opportunities of potential customers using the K-means clustering approach and gamification octalysis. This research resulted in several new knowledge contributions. Female customers are the most potential customers in a retail company. On the other hand, male customers are the least potential customers. The motivation to buy is relatively high across all genders and ages, as evidenced by the average "core drive" score, which tends to be high in the customer cluster segment with various age groups. The amount of customer motivation to buy products does not affect purchase retention, which several factors outside this study can cause. Based on customer expectation and customer impression data, low-price offers and product discount offers are dominantly in demand by customers, and this is also in line with the core drive "development" and "scarcity" scores which tend to be high. The age maturity of customers is directly proportional to purchase retention, and this is entirely rational when considering the buying ability of customers where the more mature age group has a higher purchasing power.

Examining the failure of gamification in implementing innovation from the perspective of problematization in the retail sectors of emerging economies

Article

Nov 2023
TECHNOVATION

Gamification is a strategy, methodology, or activity that has picked up pace over time and has been successfully deployed in organizations. Despite massive efforts to capture the success of the deployment of gamification in implementing innovation, its failure in this regard has hitherto been ignored. Until recently, it has been difficult to understand such failure from a contributing factor perspective. In bridging this gap, we conducted our study through the lens of problematization and social cognitive theory. We drew qualitative data from the field by recording the experiences and observations of stakeholders involved in attempting and failing to implement gamified projects in the retail industry. Our qualitative analysis was aimed at developing a signposting suited to help firms answer the fundamental question of “Why does gamification fail as an innovation strategy?” Our results highlighted four main factors that lead to the failure of gamified projects: a) self-efficacy, b) immersive dynamics, c) the personalization privacy paradox, and d) disengagement. Our study offers a conceptual framework suited to act as a guidebook for firms and consultants who wish to implement various gamified solutions at various stages. Further, we discuss the implications of our findings and propose future research perspectives.

Gamification in mobile shopping applications: A review in terms of technology acceptance model

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2023
MULTIMED TOOLS APPL

Businesses add gamification to their mobile shopping applications to increase customer interaction and their continuance intention. It has been observed that, with gamification based mobile shopping activities, consumers have positive experiences, and their customer loyalty has increased. Therefore, it is crucial to research the effects of gamification content used in mobile shopping applications on consumers’ tendencies to use or not use technology. This research aims to determine the effect of gamification activities offered in mobile shopping applications on users’ perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, and intention using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research used a convenience sample of 442 mobile shopping applications users living in Turkey and an online survey method was used to collect the research data. Considering the analyses of the research, the relationship levels between the variables were determined. There are significant relationships between PEOU and GAM (r = .939), PU and PEOU (r = .874), ATT and PU (r = .827), INT and ATT (r = .969). Reliability and validity analyses were applied. The factor loadings of the scales, and AVE value above .50, Cronbach’s Alpha (Cα), and CR value above .70 were considered statistically reliable and valid. The technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the variables' effect and mediation levels. Then, it was found that perceived ease of use had a positive and significant mediating effect (β = .339) between gamification and attitude variables. Similarly, perceived usefulness had a positive and significant (β = .827) mediating effect between gamification and attitude variables.

Using technology to make learning fun: technology use is best made fun and challenging to optimize intrinsic motivation and engagement

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2023
EUR J PSYCHOL EDUC

Educators have incorporated technologies designed to “gamify” or increase the fun and reward of classroom learning, but little is known about how these resources can be employed to create positive learning climates. Informed by self-determination theory (SDT), two experiments investigated a number of strategies teachers can use to frame one such technology, the student response system (SRS), when they use it as an educational tool to enhance its fun and contribution to positive learning environments. Participants (n = 30) in a pilot experiment were randomly assigned to a 2-month experiment that showed that using SRS versus non-technology-based learning increases academic well-being. A primary study (n = 120 students) experimentally manipulated the use of SRS with and without motivational framing strategies that were anticipated to enhance its effects, specifically by employing teamwork, friendly competition between students, and giving students a choice to participate. Results showed that motivational framing strategies enhanced students’ need satisfaction for autonomy (sense of choice), competence (sense of efficacy in relation to learning), relatedness (to others in the classroom), and academic well-being (interest and engagement). In short, the use of interactive technology and how it was implemented in class was vital for enhancing students’ learning outcomes.

Applications of Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics on Data From Cybersecurity Training

Preprint

Full-text available

Jul 2023

Cybersecurity professionals need hands-on training to prepare for managing the current advanced cyber threats. To practice cybersecurity skills, training participants use numerous software tools in computer-supported interactive learning environments to perform offensive or defensive actions. The interaction involves typing commands, communicating over the network, and engaging with the training environment. The training artifacts (data resulting from this interaction) can be highly beneficial in educational research. For example, in cybersecurity education, they provide insights into the trainees' learning processes and support effective learning interventions. However, this research area is not yet well-understood. Therefore, this paper surveys publications that enhance cybersecurity education by leveraging trainee-generated data from interactive learning environments. We identified and examined 3021 papers, ultimately selecting 35 articles for a detailed review. First, we investigated which data are employed in which areas of cybersecurity training, how, and why. Second, we examined the applications and impact of research in this area, and third, we explored the community of researchers. Our contribution is a systematic literature review of relevant papers and their categorization according to the collected data, analysis methods, and application contexts. These results provide researchers, developers, and educators with an original perspective on this emerging topic. To motivate further research, we identify trends and gaps, propose ideas for future work, and present practical recommendations. Overall, this paper provides in-depth insight into the recently growing research on collecting and analyzing data from hands-on training in security contexts.

Trends and issues of immersive learning environments in higher education from 2001 to 2020: perspectives on adaptive ubiquitous learning experiences

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021

Immersive Learning Environments (ILE) has been applied in many learning disciplines as a tool for providing a virtual interactive learning environment. With the advantages of ILE that could provide a playful and active learning experience in the learning processes, the ILE has been considered as another effective learning methodology using in learning processes together with the ubiquitous learning that provides the ease of access to the learners and encourage with self-learning management. This paper reviewed the ILE related 75 studies which were collected from the web of Science database, then discovered the insights of the collected studies about the application of the ILE in various learning disciplines. The insights of integrating the adaptive learning experience toward the collected studies are discovered to present the ideas of ILE application with adaptive learning experience toward various learning disciplines. The review of ILE studies may provide the benefits for the education researchers by finding the technology used in the ILE studies, finding the ideas for integrating adaptive learning with ILE, and discovering new perspectives and ideas for studying and researching in the learning context.

Application of augmented reality, gamification and m-learning

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2022

p>Augmented reality, gamification and m-learning occupy today an important place in education, given the advantages that the use of mobile technologies has brought, independently or in combination with other technological scenarios and different devices that affect the teaching and learning of disciplines or that serve as a bridge to improve various processes mediated by ICT in teaching and/or learning. In this sense, the article presented here shows an analytical study that was developed under an exploratory, descriptive and interpretative methodology of the categories augmented reality, gamification and m-learning, based on a characterization in the databases, a literature review was conducted in the main databases such as Science direct, Scopus and web Science, obtaining 100 reference articles. Thus, it was found that these three categories determined as teaching strategies significantly influence motivation, interest in knowledge, retention and understanding of information for the development of teaching and learning processes. The method used allowed to develop the description of the panorama about the use of augmented reality, m-learning and gamification in elementary, middle and higher education.</p

EFL Secondary Education Teachers’ Perceptions Toward Using Online Student Response Systems

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2023

This mixed-methods study explored 30 EFL teachers’ perceptions of online student response systems (OSRSs) in emergency remote teaching settings. Data were collected using a survey addressing components related to the acceptance and use of OSRSs and semi-structured interviews. Survey findings revealed that OSRS components are regarded as helpful and engaging by EFL teachers. At the same time, interview data identified drivers (ease of use, increased student engagement, and immediate feedback) and obstacles (internet connection issues, lack of training, and distractive elements) concerning OSRS use. Pedagogical implications refer to the need for EFL teachers to receive proper training before using OSRSs and the benefits of accepting the gamified aspects of OSRSs as a significant feature that can support learning.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI E-MARKETPLACE EVENT ONLINE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMASARAN DIGITAL BERBASIS MOBILE

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2023

An event is an activity carried out to celebrate a certain moment, whether it is held in public or private. In recent years, Events have been used as a business object and already have a sizeable market. Online events are expected to continue to be a trend that will develop in the future. However, on the other hand, there are still problems faced by both the organizers and the general public, namely difficulties in disseminating and obtaining information related to an event and coordination of ticket sales that has not been maximized. The purpose of this research is to provide an information system solution for organizing an online event in the form of designing a marketplace information system that can be used as a forum for all events spread across various platforms to be centralized into one platform. The information system design method used is the waterfall method with the concept of gamification to maintain and increase user loyalty. The results of this study are in the form of an information system design that can handle event sales and purchase transactions in which users and event organizers can be connected to each other.

Health Tourism and Physical Literacy: A Qualitative Exploration of Elderly Visitors’ Experiences after Rehabilitation at Slovenian Health Resorts

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Apr 2022

Systematic Mapping Study in Information Systems Research

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2023

Toni Taipalus

A systematic mapping study is a type of secondary study with the goal of providing an overview of a subject as it is reported in primary studies. A systematic map often describes research trends over time, uncovers possible research gaps and focus points, and provides a synthesis of the chosen subject. We believe that while a systematic mapping study should not be the sole research method for a researcher, it is a noteworthy candidate for one of the first research methods in a researcher's career. In this study, we argue for and against utilizing a systematic mapping study as one of the first research methods in information systems research and provide accessible guidelines for conducting a systematic mapping study. Although these instructions are for educators, we have strived to communicate these guidelines for an undergraduate or graduate thesis writer by providing examples of other mapping studies, giving our opinions on the numbers of primary studies regarding each step of the mapping process to manage a feasible workload, and presenting hints and tips on applicable tools.

Medical image encryption techniques: a technical survey and potential challenges

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2023
IJECE

Among the most sensitive and important data in telemedicine systems are medical images. It is necessary to use a robust encryption method that is resistant to cryptographic assaults while transferring medical images over the internet. Confidentiality is the most crucial of the three security goals for protecting information systems, along with availability, integrity, and compliance. Encryption and watermarking of medical images address problems with confidentiality and integrity in telemedicine applications. The need to prioritize security issues in telemedicine applications makes the choice of a trustworthy and efficient strategy or framework all the more crucial. The paper examines various security issues and cutting-edge methods to secure medical images for use with telemedicine systems. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

TO PLAY OR NOT TO PLAY: THE USE OF GAMIFICATION IN THE FASHION RETAIL INDUSTRY

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world economy, affecting many industries. Given the growing inadequacies of traditional marketing communication channels in the digital age, fashion retailers are looking at innovative ways of communicating with consumers. Gamification’s efficacy as a marketing communication’s tool can be linked to its potential to satisfy users’ intrinsic needs, ostensibly through evoking a pleasurable consumer experience via autotelic use reminiscent of videogame engagement. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of gamification in the fashion retail industry. A qualitative approach was followed by means of an exploratory research design. Judgement sampling was used to identify a total of 25 participants from whom data was gathered by means of conducting three focus groups. Data was analysed by means of the Morse and Field approach using Atlas.ti. The results indicate that consumers are aware of gamification and enjoy using it, describing it as a fun and enjoyable experience. Consumers’ primary motivation for using gamification applications is to gain financial benefit in the form of discounts, vouchers, points or rewards. The dominant challenges identified with using gamification applications are that they do not provide a user-friendly interface, as well as privacy and security concerns and connection issues.

Exploring the Online Gamified Learning Intentions of College Students: A Technology-Learning Behavior Acceptance Model

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022

With the popularity of online education, multiple technology-based educational tools are gradually being introduced into online learning. The role of gamification in online education has been of interest to researchers. Based on learners’ visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles, this study uses an empirical research method to investigate the behavioral intention of students to participate in online gamified classrooms in selected universities located in Guangdong province and Macao. The main contributions of this study are to focus on the impact that differences in learning styles may have on the behavioral intentions of learners and to include the “perceived learning task” as an external variable in the theoretical framework. The main research findings are: perceived usefulness and enjoyment are partially mediated between VAK learning styles and the intention to participate in online gamified classrooms; and perceived learning tasks are partially mediated between perceived usefulness and the intention to participate in online gamified classrooms. According to the findings and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study constructs the Technology-Learning Behavior Acceptance Model (T-LBAM) to explore the intrinsic influencing factors of students’ intention to participate in gamified online classes and makes suggestions for future online gamification teaching.

Milyen a jó „komoly játék”? : Játékfejlesztés, tesztelés és hallgatóI visszajelzések

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022

A játékosítás számos tudományterületen felkeltette már a kutatók érdeklődését, hiszen a pedagógiától kezdve, az orvostudományokon át az üzleti tudományokban is alkalmazott módszertannak számít. A játékosítási törekvések zászlós hajói a komoly játékok (serious games), melyek, habár a felsőoktatási intézmények rendelkezésére állnak, használatuk sok esetben nagyobb pénzügyi befektetést igényel, valamint a játékok tartalma csak korlátozottan testre szabható. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy egy saját fejlesztésű, szabadon hozzáférhető és tartalmában is módosítható komoly játékot teszteljen az üzleti tudományok területén a felsőoktatásban tanuló hallgatók nagyszámú mintáján. A hallgatók elégedettségének és játék élményének felmérése, a játék tesztelése, ezt követően pedig a visszajelzések begyűjtése lehetőséget biztosít arra, hogy betekintést nyerhessünk a hallgatók játékosítással kapcsolatos nézeteibe. A kutatásban alkalmazott online kérdőíves meg- kérdezésben több mint 800 hallgató vett részt. Az adatokat IBM SPSS szoftver segítségével elemezték. Az eredmények arra utalnak, hogy a hallgatók egyetemi keretek között még mindig inkább hagyományos edukációs tartalmat várnak és bizonytalanokká válnak, ha ehelyett inkább szórakoztató tartalmat kapnak.

GamiTool: Supporting Instructors in the Gamification of MOOCs

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022

Reward-based gamification strategies are proposed as a promising technique to increase student engagement in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), following its success in other small-scale educational settings. However, these strategies imply a number of orchestration tasks (e.g., design, management) that are usually carried out by instructors, and which may hinder their use and adoption. Furthermore, some MOOC distinctive features (e.g., scale, 24/7 availability, etc.) have considerable implications on how these gamification strategies are orchestrated, resulting in an unmanageable instructors’ workload in cases of manual operation. Therefore, an eventual adoption of gamification in MOOCs calls for automatic systems capable of decreasing the additional workload of instructors. The limitations identified in the current solutions (e.g., non-usable graphical interfaces, inflexible gamification designs) led us to propose and develop a new gamification system named GamiTool. An evaluation with 19 MOOC instructors and gamification designers showed the high design expressiveness, usability and potential for adoption of GamiTool. Hence, GamiTool can be used by instructors to improve students’ engagement, and also, by researchers to keep understanding the effects of gamification in MOOC settings.

Le rôle des événements et des innovations culturelles dans la construction de l'image d'une destination touristique

Thesis

Jul 2022

Bardia Shabani

La croissance rapide de l'industrie du tourisme a créé des défis importants en matière de marketing touristique pour de nombreuses destinations. Les destinations touristiques doivent se concurrencer pour attirer de nouveaux touristes ou persuader les précédents de renouveler leur visite. En conséquence, ils doivent imaginer une image tentante pour leur marché cible. Par conséquent, l'image de la destination est un concept marketing crucial qui joue un rôle central dans la compréhension de la sélection de la destination (Baloglu & McCleary, 1999). A l’origine, Echtner et Ritchie (1991) définissent l'image de la destination touristique comme un ensemble de qualités fonctionnelles (utilitaires) liées au comportement touristique, telles que les infrastructures touristiques, les attractions et la tarification des produits touristiques (Echtner & Ritchie, 1993 ; P. Pearce, 1982). Cependant, de nombreux autres facteurs influents peuvent jouer un rôle important. Cette recherche de doctorat en philosophie (PhD) explore le rôle des événements et des innovations culturelles (telles que la gamification) dans l'amélioration de l'image de la destination touristique en étudiant leurs impacts, car l'image peut affecter directement le choix de la destination touristique (Beerli et al., 2007 ; Crompton, 1992 ; MacKay & Fesenmaier, 1997 ; Seddighi & Theocharous, 2002 ; Sirakaya et al., 2001 ; Um, 1998 ; Walmsley & Young, 1998).Les événements, en particulier les plus petits, pourraient être considérés comme l'un des outils utilisés en faveur des destinations touristiques lorsqu'elles sont en concurrence avec d'autres. Cependant, une grande partie de l'attention a été concentrée sur des événements à grande échelle ou méga-événements, avec peu de connaissances ou de compréhension des contributions apportées par leurs homologues beaucoup plus petits. Les événements culturels locaux, contrairement aux méga-événements, nécessitent peu d'investissements ou de développement d'infrastructures (Gursoy et al., 2004), ce qui les rend facilement accessibles aux milliers de petites lieux qui cherchent à renforcer leur image.Outre les événements, les innovations culturelles dans les destinations touristiques deviennent un nouveau mot à la mode dans les destinations ; la gamification fait partie des tendances qui pourraient aider les destinations dans cette compétition, notamment en ce qui concerne le goût des nouvelles générations (Gen Y et Z). Cependant, comme il s'agit d'un nouveau sujet, peu d'études ont été utilisées pour analyser le résultat de cette tendance et si la gamification peut aider les destinations à améliorer leur image. L'objectif global de cette thèse est d'offrir des informations solides sur la façon dont les destinations peuvent améliorer leur image et attirer plus de touristes en utilisant des moyens créatifs, dans les dimensions qui viennent d’être évoquées. De plus, les événements culturels et les innovations, populaires dans de nombreux endroits, ont de bons résultats en matière d'économie, de socialisation et de culture et sont considérés comme des outils pratiques. En conséquence, les organisations de marketing de destination (OMD) et les décideurs auront plus d'informations et de connaissances sur ce domaine d'étude et d’arguments pour soutenir leurs processus de prise de décision. Ce domaine spécifique est actuellement sous-étudié et a sa place dans l'étude plus large de l'industrie du tourisme et des impacts des événements. En conséquence, cette thèse tente d'enrichir la littérature théorique et méthodologique en se concentrant sur la question des événements et des innovations culturelles ; comment peuvent-ils contribuer efficacement à l'amélioration de l'image des destinations et les rendre plus attrayantes ou tentantes pour les touristes ?

Exploration of Brain-Computer Interaction for Supporting Children’s Attention Training: A Multimodal Design Based on Attention Network and Gamification Design

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2022
Int J Environ Res Publ Health

Recent developments in brain–computer interface (BCI) technology have shown great potential in terms of estimating users’ mental state and supporting children’s attention training. However, existing training tasks are relatively simple and lack a reliable task-generation process. Moreover, the training experience has not been deeply studied, and the empirical validation of the training effect is still insufficient. This study thusly proposed a BCI training system for children’s attention improvement. In particular, to achieve a systematic training process, the attention network was referred to generate the training games for alerting, orienting and executive attentions, and to improve the training experience and adherence, the gamification design theory was introduced to derive attractive training tasks. A preliminary experiment was conducted to set and modify the training parameters. Subsequently, a series of contrasting user experiments were organized to examine the impact of BCI training. To test the training effect of the proposed system, a hypothesis-testing approach was adopted. The results revealed that the proposed BCI gamification attention training system can significantly improve the participants’ attention behaviors and concentration ability. Moreover, an immersive, inspiring and smooth training process can be created, and a pleasant user experience can be achieved. Generally, this work is promising in terms of providing a valuable reference for related practices, especially for how to generate BCI attention training tasks using attention networks and how to improve training adherence by integrating multimodal gamification elements.

Application of augmented reality, gamification and m-learning

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2020

Application of augmented reality, gamification and m-learning

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2020

Exploring the impact of extrinsic motivation on users’ intention to continue using a gamified tourism commerce platform

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2022

Zang Zhanhe

Gamification has obtained increasing attention in a number of fields including management, marketing, education, and health care. In the tourism context, the users of online tourism services are fond of online application platforms that are enjoyable and interesting, where gamification can be applied. Besides, with the increasing types and amount of online tourism platforms, the user churn rate is very high. Therefore, it is crucial for online tourism platforms to keep the tourists from switching to other platforms and explore users’ motivations for using the platform. However, there are relatively few studies concerning the effects of the extrinsic motivation of gamification on users’ psychological needs for using online tourism platforms in detail. Based on self-determination theory and gamification literature, this research identifies four different types of extrinsic motivations and investigates their effects on users’ willingness to continue using gamified online travel platforms. Based on the questionnaire data, this research found that: 1) the four extrinsic motivations positively influence the satisfaction of consumers’ basic psychological needs, but have weaker impacts on competence needs; 2) the satisfaction of consumers’ three basic psychological needs is positively related to their intention to consistently use gamified travel platforms.

Gamified environmental multi‐criteria decision analysis: information on objectives and range insensitivity bias

Article

Sep 2022

Multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is well suited to address complex public policy problems but could benefit from new tools to involve many laypeople. Online information on specialized topics could be more engaging by including game elements. This paper reports an experiment that assessed a gamified interface to (1) inform laypeople about the objectives to consider in wastewater management decisions, (2) assist them in constructing range‐based preferences, and (3) provide a positive experience. We measured the effects with (1) a knowledge pre‐ and posttest, (2) the elicited weights and a range sensitivity index, and (3) an experience questionnaire based on self‐determination theory. Answers from 174 participants indicated that participants learnt about the objectives and constructed preferences in both the gamified and control treatments. However, in neither were weights sufficiently adjusted. Our gamification making the ranges salient did not help overcome this bias. Both treatments were experienced as neutral to positive, the gamified being more entertaining. We discuss implications: if gamification of tools for participatory decision‐making is to be promoted, it requires further research. Range insensitivity remains an unresolved bias in MCDA.

Initiatives and challenges in using gamification in transportation: a systematic mapping

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2022

Gamification is a new theme that has been applied in different fields and has contributed to different types of behavioural change. This paper aims to describe how gamification is adopted in the context of transportation. Methods We performed a systematic mapping of the scientific literature of Web of Science and retrieved 211 studies. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 66 studies were selected. After the full texts were read, 30 studies remained to be analysed. Findings The results show that the most commonly used gamification elements are goals/challenges and points. Gamification provides support for outcomes such as changing travel behaviour, improving driving behaviour and encouraging bicycle commuting. The use of gamification has changed the behavior of travelers, promoted sustainable travel modes, encouraged safe driving, reduced carbon dioxide emissions and reduced energy consumption. Although gamification has achieved many positive results related to transportation, there are still many difficulties and challenges.

Combining Gamification and Augmented Reality to Raise Interest in Logistics Careers

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2022

The logistics and transport industry is currently facing the major challenge of having a global shortage of skilled workers. To address this challenge, this paper evaluates the application of gamification in combination with augmented reality (AR) as a new approach to attract the interest of people of all ages to the logistics sector. The aim of the paper is to determine whether a gamified AR-based application called Logistify is a feasible approach to make logistics jobs more attractive. We used a qualitative approach in three phases by collecting and analysing data from different perspectives of players, teachers, instructors, and programmers about the application: (1) analysing game characteristics with programmers and workshops instructors, (2) collecting feedback from players and teachers, and (3) evaluating game scores. The evaluation shows that gamification in combination with augmented reality is a promising tool to attract people to the logistics sector and to change their perception of logistics professions. It can be concluded that the gamified AR approach is capable of increasing interest in jobs in a particular sector.

The Intelligent Silaturrahmi-Based Gamification Mechanics Model for Improving Small and Medium Enterprise Collaboration

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2022

This study aims to present an attractive collaboration platform to motivate SME players in collaborating activities to support their business development. Therefore, this article introduces the proposed new model, "Intelligent Silaturrahmi-based Gamification Mechanics (ISb-GM)." This model embodies the gamification mechanics of collaboration based on the cultural parameter of "silaturrahmi" found in previous research. The consideration of choosing this parameter is to increase the closeness of the relationship in collaboration. The model is also equipped with an intelligent system to extract the knowledge needed in the collaboration process. The parameter "silaturrahmi" serves as a reference for scenario mechanics to measure the collaboration performance of each player.The intelligent system functions to complement data extraction needs to provide recommendations for suitable SME partners to collaborate. This model is represented in a collaboration gamification prototype and experiments; it is proven to show performance effectively for collaborating media and measure the collaboration performance of each player.

Can online interfaces enhance learning for public decision-making? Eliciting citizens’ preferences for multicriteria decision analysis

Article

Oct 2023
EUR J OPER RES

Innovative online interfaces informing and consulting citizens about their preferences for multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) could make public decision-making more participatory. We propose a three-faceted learning for decision-making framework and used it to test newly-designed online weight elicitation interfaces. We investigated two features meant to enhance learning: fully-fledged gamification with a narrative, interaction with nonplayer characters, and ambient music, and learning loops (LL) using consistency checks of elicited weights and the challenge to resolve inconsistencies. We operationalized our framework with a novel systematic set of measure instruments providing complementary data types. We designed a 2 × 2 between-subject experiment with pre- and postquestionnaires. Answers from 769 respondents, representative of the Swiss population in age and gender, indicated that the interfaces successfully raised awareness about wastewater management. Gamification was helpful: respondents performed better in the factual learning test, and unexpected social learning occurred. However, gamification lowered the perception of process understanding. The LL were beneficial: objectively, respondents performed better in the factual learning test. However, respondents perceived the LL as cognitively demanding and their factual learning as lower. Our structured assessment highlighted the need for further research to investigate, for instance, high interpersonal variability and the disparities between tested and perceived learning. Measuring preference construction remains challenging; and social learning should be added to the assessment framework. Applying such structured assessment of learning outcomes to more traditional operational research interventions would provide a baseline for future comparison.

Integrating Financial Management and Gamification: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2023

The implementation of gamification in PFM apps has the potential to motivate users to engage in positive financial behaviors. However, several research gaps corroborate the need to investigate gamification in the financial domain further. To address these gaps, this systematic literature review comprehensively examines current research on financial behavior and gamification. This review utilizes the Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methodology (TCCM) framework to provide a holistic understanding of financial behavior and gamification-related behavioral intention. A total of 53 articles published between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed to assess the present research landscape and provide directions for future studies. This review makes three key contributions: (1) synthesizes current research on financial behavior and gamification-related behavioral intention, (2) presents integrated conceptual models that elucidate financial behavior and gamification-related behavioral intention, and (3) identifies research gaps and suggests avenues for future investigation.

Gamification in Organizational Contexts: A Systematic Literature Review

Chapter

Full-text available

Jul 2023

Getting engaged organizational environments is a competitive advantage for companies. In these contexts, the use of game design elements seems promising. Gamification is a form of motivational design which, fundamentally, is a means of encouraging individuals to behave in a certain way. This study presents a systematic literature review to investigate the existing gamified solutions applied in organizational contexts to identify best practices to get effective gamification. Before defining the research protocol, an exploratory analysis was fulfilled to provide fundamentals to conduct the review itself. A total of 844 papers were initially found, 26 of which met the eligibility criteria and other 10 studies have been added by snowballing process. The results showed in which organizational contexts gamification can be applied, the main frameworks and processes, the leading game techniques and effects observed in gamified solutions. This systematic review can serve as a basis for developing new gamification projects in organizational environments.Keywordsgamificationreviewworkplaceorganizationcompany

"Effect of the Gamification on the employee satisfaction, loyalty and engagement."

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2020
J Bus

Osama Aljameel

In the digital 21st-century, gaming has become the standard for cultural communication of the 25-40 year old employees and future graduates who will become employees of major companies and industries throughout the world. The business world has noticed this phenomenon and are adopting this gaming trending their workplaces for attracting their employees and improving their level of engagement and motivation in their work. Happy, engaged and highly satisfied employees work better and harder and stay in the organization for longer periods of time and prove beneficial for the sustainable growth of the organization in the global marketplace. Preliminary studies of how gaming precepts can foster these positive traits in employees. Methods Gamification has been identified as a good strategy for improving the performance of employees in the workplace. The gamification concept is utilizing the behavior of humans for indulging in the activities of games and combining it with work. Gamification introduces game-like activities into routine processes required of the employee. Studies were designed to examine the effect of gamification on the employees' satisfaction and loyalty factors in regards to their performance and dedication to the company. Results In the studies to date, gamification significantly influenced the employee's level of job satisfaction, his level of motivation, a rise in employee loyalty ratio. Thus, gamification supports a positive improvement of employee and long-term success of the organization. Implications The methods of gamification can be applied to all areas and aspects of the business world. Research needs to go deeper into developing appropriate models to be applied in different job areas. The result of gamification learning can be applied to problem-solving, mapping, social communication, teamwork and creativity.

Accesibilidad web en Guinea Ecuatorial: Evaluación de la accesibilidad de los sitios webs del gobierno y los actores sociales

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jun 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el grado de accesibilidad de los sitios web de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial, en conformidad con las Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), versión 2.0 (estándar ISO 40500:2012), utilizando la herramienta de validación automática Siteimprove. En 2005 la República de Guinea Ecuatorial puso en marcha el “Plan director de las tecnologías de la información para la Administración de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial” y desde 2019 está implementando la “Agenda Digital para Guinea Ecuatorial”, que finalizará en 2025. Este nuevo contexto de incorporación de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en las interacciones de los ciudadanos de Guinea Ecuatorial y los órganos gubernamentales, actores sociales y económicos, hace necesario un estudio de accesibilidad web con el fin de verificar que los ciudadanos con discapacidad no son dejados atrás. Este estudio abarcó una muestra de 63 sitios web clasificados en ocho categorías (gobierno; cultura, turismo y ocio; industria y comercio; misión diplomática; banca y finanzas; educación; tecnologías de la información; organizaciones no gubernamentales). Los resultados que aquí se presentan concluyen que gran parte de estos sitios web no cumplen con las recomendaciones de la WCAG 2.0 y es necesario adoptar medidas legales y tecnológicas para corregir esta situación con el fin de garantizar la inclusión de todos. Palabras clave: accesibilidad web, evaluación de accesibilidad, persona con discapacidad, diversidad funcional, sociedad de la información, W3C, WCAG 2.0.

Cryptocurrency Gamification: Having Fun or Making Money

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2023

The purpose of gamification in cryptocurrencies is to improve user engagement through game-thinking (Kabita, 2020; Rodrigues et al., 2019). Yet, it is unclear whether participants are motivated by the desire to have fun or to generate money. This study intends to explore the elements that encourage people to participate in cryptocurrency gamification by analysing perceived enjoyment, perceived profitability, and demographic variables. Data was obtained from Thai nationals residing in Thailand who have invested in digital assets or plan to in the future. Using multivariate logistic regression, statistically significant factors were identified. The data indicate that Thai investors’ interest in cryptocurrency gamification increases with age and student status. Also, people are attracted to the gamification of cryptocurrencies since they may be both interesting and lucrative. The study argues that it is essential to assess the risks associated with the gamification of cryptocurrencies. This will ensure that individuals who wish to earn money do not lose it. In addition, the likelihood of financial exploitation through cryptocurrency gaming must be evaluated. This is required because the risk of individuals being victimised through scams increases as the number of persons who play these games grows.

Müze Uzmanlarının Oyunlaştırma Uygulamalarına Yönelik Algısı

Article

Apr 2023

Müzeler toplumun birçok kesimine ulaşma kabiliyeti olan kültür mekânları iken alternatif boş zaman etkinliklerinde yaşanan çeşitlilik ziyaretçilerin müzelere olan ilgisinin azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda müzeler teknolojinin getirdiği imkânlardan da faydalanarak eserlerini ziyaretçilere iletme noktasında yeni metodlar geliştirmektedirler. Müzelere adapte edilen bu yöntemler sayesinde, müze-ziyaretçi iletişimini daha dinamik hale getirmek mümkündür. Müzelerde deneyim kalitesini artırabilmek için uygulanabilen yöntemlerden biri olan “oyunlaştırma” dan bu anlamda yararlanılmaktadır. Günümüzde eğitim, sağlık, pazarlama, ekonomi, turizm gibi birçok alan da oyunlaştırma uygulamaları kullanılmaktadır. Oyunlaştırma bir sorunun üstesinden gelebilmek için oyun unsurlarının kullanıldığı ve insanların motive olmasını sağlayarak sorunları çözmeyi hedefleyen bir yöntemdir. Literatürde oyunlaştırmanın eğitim, pazarlama, sağlık, bankacılık ve insan kaynakları alanlarındaki oynadığı rol araştırılmıştır. Müzelerde ise oyunlaştırma kavramını müze uzmanları açısından ele alan araştırmaların kısıtlı olduğu görülmektedir. Literatürdeki bu eksiklikten yola çıkarak araştırmanın amacı müzelerdeki oyunlaştırma uygulamalarının etkinliğini sağlayan faktörlerin neler olduğunu müze uzmanları perspektifinden belirleyebilmektir. Araştırma verileri, Türkiye’deki oyunlaştırma uygulamalarının olduğu müzelerde çalışan müze uzmanlarından kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 46 müze uzmanı ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler sonucu elde edilen veriler MAXQDA programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda ideal bir oyunlaştırma uygulaması için yaş gruplarına uygun ve merak uyandıracak oyun kurguları belirlemenin oyunlaştırma uygulamalarının etkinliğini sağlamada önemli birer faktör olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Chapter

Apr 2023

Moral courage has rarely been the focus of persuasive technologies. So far, few insights on persuasive strategies for moral courage exist, which mainly target a social psychological perspective but do not address game-based specifics. Against this background, we conducted an experimental study to identify game-related persuasive strategies. We show that the players’ experience of relatedness, i.e., social belonging and interactions with fictitious characters or other players, is key for enabling courageous altruistic behavior change, namely moral and civil courage, but not other forms of altruistic behavior, such as help-giving. We present large to medium effect sizes with an increase in the relationship between moral courage and relatedness over time. We conclude that persuasive technologies for moral courage require specific persuasion strategies. By addressing relatedness, users can negotiate social norms in a reciprocal relationship with the technology, and future persuasive games could contribute to increased moral courage and, thus, social justice.KeywordsMoral couragePersuasive gamesRelatednessPesuasive strategies

Applying Motivational Techniques for User Adherence to adopt a Healthy Lifestyle in a Gamified Application

Article

Apr 2023

Blogged into the System: A Systematic Review of the Gamification in e-Learning before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2023

Gamification is becoming more relevant, especially after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine. The purpose of our paper is to analyse the changes which occurred in the effects of gamification on e-learning as a result of the COVID-19 quarantine emergence in the spring of 2020. This paper describes the scientific contributions about the game elements most frequently implemented and their effects on those that use e-learning platforms, as well as the factors that contribute to the development of effective gamification in e-learning before and during the pandemic. Drawing upon the PRISMA framework, a number of 103 articles were identified in two databases: the Web of Science and Scopus. This paper discusses the previous works associated with the corpus of knowledge built around gamification in the past decade. This research shows that before the COVID-19 pandemic, even though many papers were written on gamification in education prior to 2019, there is a trend regarding the multiple mentions of using storylines, challenges, or badges in order to create and maintain competition among users, which in turn may influence and increase the level of social interactions and the coalescence of communities.

Gamification

Chapter

Jan 2018

Antti Knutas

Acoustic Analysis for Vocal Fold Assessment—Challenges, Trends, and Opportunities

Chapter

Mar 2023

The goal of this study was a review of trends in non-invasive vocal fold assessment to identify the significance of acoustic analysis within the scope of proposed methods. A review protocol for selected relevant studies was developed using systematic review guidelines. A classification scheme was applied to process the selected relevant study set, data were extracted and mapped in a systematic map. A systematic map was used to synthesize data for a quantitative summary of the main research question. A tabulated summary was created to summarize supporting topics. Results show that non-invasive vocal fold assessment is influenced by general computer science trends. Machine learning techniques dominate studies and publications, i.e., 51% of the set used at least one method to detect and classify vocal fold pathologies.

GADIMATH: Gamified Discrete Mathematics

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2020

GADIMATH: Gamified Discrete Mathematics is an interactive two-dimensional mobile-based application in discrete mathematics working on the Android program. This application would work as an additional tool to strengthen the students' training in discrete mathematics. It would benefit students to observe particular rules, accomplish goals, and resolve problems. Upon using the application, students would experience enjoyment, interaction, and motivation while learning takes place. The problems and difficulties that the students encountered towards mastering learning competencies in mathematics are the instructions, school adjustments, and over-extended schedules. With all these difficulties and struggles, the proponent produces the GADIMATH's main features: user-friendliness, infotainment, authenticity, interactivity, learning support, portability, and changing environment. GADIMATH has seven functions: choose avatar, gameplay, backpack, shop, settings, help, and about that are merged to form a final and impeccable product.

The Role of Mechanics in Gamification: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Chapter

Oct 2022

With regard to the contemporary discussion of gamifying processes in various domains, it is obvious that there exists a naive notion that simply adding leaderboards/pins/points/badges would lead to success. Even though other instances of gamification mechanics could actually perform better. The literature has not yet managed to prove whether different domains require different mechanics in order to impact on engagement and motivation. To address these critical issues, a literature review was conducted across six domains that examined game mechanics, including their uniqueness for gamification research. Findings show a myriad of mechanics with different sharing properties, which are more or less domain-congruent. These mechanics can be separated into four levels: general, mostly similar, partly similar and unique. The findings enable a better understanding of how to employ situation-congruent mechanics to a given context, which is important for both research and practice.

What Can Gamification Learn From Sensory Marketing?: In the Context of Servicescapes

Chapter

Oct 2022

Miralem Helmefalk

While gamification research is multidisciplinary and has grown in popularity during the last decade, it still requires further evidence and direction on which and how much various game mechanics impact on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes in digital and physical servicescape contexts. To shed light on this problem, a novel perspective on sensory marketing and gamification was chosen. This chapter has discussed and analyzed the similarities and differences between sensory marketing and gamification, as well as what theoretical perspectives and practices gamification can borrow from sensory marketing. Six issues have surfaced that require more research on this matter: (1) The interaction effects, (2) Weight and impact, (3) Congruency, (4) Complexity, (5) (sub)Conscious/(non)visible elements, and (6) The causal chain. This chapter explains and discusses these issues and offers future research avenues.

The Role of Gamification in Omnichannel Service Systems From the Customer Experience Perspective

Chapter

Oct 2022

Osman Seraceddin Sesliokuyucu

Ensuring continuity by increasing the satisfaction, loyalty, and experience of existing and new customers is an essential requirement in terms of long-term competition for businesses that offer omnichannel services. In this context, with the growth and spread of digital platforms, social media, and mobile technologies, the use of gamification processes, which are used extensively in service design, in omnichannel service systems comes to the fore. Gamification processes are used extensively in various non-game contexts to create a connection with users, and to influence and improve the behavior of actors in the ecosystem. Gamification, which creates positive and enjoyable experiences for customers through a gaming platform, plays a key role in the interaction between omnichannel customers and businesses operating in this field, who behave very differently from traditional customers. Customers will increase their demand from service providers. When they find service providers that offer the experience they want, they will become more loyal and profitable customers.

Future Forums: A methodology for Exploring, Gamifying, and Raising Security Awareness of Code-Citizens

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2022
INT J HUM-COMPUT ST

Future Forums are multiphase user centered design workshops, with the early phases aiming to initiate discussions, that then leads to the co-design of game elements centered around aspects of code security. The same procedure was followed for each of the three Future Forums, each focusing to a slightly different theme around cyber security. By engaging code-citizens in discussions on cyber security that are rooted in their personal experiences and individual viewpoints, several themes emerged, such as the role of coder practices and ethical behavior in security while coding. Findings gave us a deep insight in the code-citizens' ecosystem during code development-both in terms of their individual beliefs and practices, and the practicalities they have to consider. Discussions were followed by the co-design and co-creation of game elements. The game elements code-citizens co-created allowed us to observe how code elements and code practices are represented with game elements, informing future designs of security oriented serious games. This paper discusses the implications these findings have to the design of cyber security oriented serious games, and to the wider HCI community working with similar methodologies.

توظيف الألعاب التحفيزية gamification في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها وأثرها على زيادة دافعية التعلم لديهم

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2020

Osama Hendi

لا شك أن تطور التكنولوجيا وانفتاح الأفاق المعلوماتية وثورة الاتصالات افرزت العديد من التقنيات والأدوات التكنولوجية منها ما هو نافع ومنها ما يصنف في نواح الترفيه الا ان مبدأ اللعب ورغم انه مبدأ قديم فإنه خلال الأعوام الأخيرة ذات الاهتمام كثيراً به وبإعادة توظيفيه ليحقق أهداف أخرى غير هدف اللعب في حد ذاته، ومن ذلك الأهداف التعليمية. وقد جاء البحث في عدة محاور الأول تم عرض مشكلة البحث وأهمية دراستها واسئلة البحث وفروضه وحدوده، وجاء المحور الثاني ليعرض الإطار النظري للبحث وعرض مفهوم الالعاب التحفيزية (gamification) وخصائصها وتوظيفها في تعلم اللغات بشكل عام و في اللغة العربية للناطقين بها ، بما يتناسب مع متطلبات العصر ثم أثر ذلك في تنمية الدافعية لدى الدارسين لها ، وجاء المحور الثالث ليعرض الدراسات السابقة التي استفاد منها البحث ، أما المحور الرابع فخصص لعرض تجربة البحث ثم نتائج البحث والرد على التساؤلات والفروض، و المحور الخامس جاء بتوصيات البحث والمقترحات التي يمكن الاستفادة منها. وقد هدف البحث الى قياس أثر توظيف الألعاب التحفيزية في تعليم مهارات اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها على زيادة دافعية التعلم لديهم. وجاءت عينة البحث من عينة عشوائية من الطلاب الوافدين غير الناطقين بالعربية بجامعة الأزهر وعددهم (40) طالب. وتم اختيار العينة بطريقة عشوائية من طلاب وافدون بكلية التربية جامعة الأزهر بمدينة نصر، وتم تقسيمها إلى مجموعتين الأولى تجريبية درست المحتوى الإلكتروني بالألعاب التحفيزية والثانية ضابطة درست بالطريقة التقليدية المعتادة. وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها: وجود فاعلية لتوظيف الألعاب التحفيزية (gamification) في تنمية التحصيل المعرفي لتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها وكذا في زيادة الدافعية للتعلم لديهم، ويوصى البحث باستخدام وتوظيف الألعاب التحفيزية في تدعيم رسالة اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها مما يعمل على زيادة انتشار اللغة والاقبال عليها بين جمهور المستفيدين. والتوسع في توظيف الألعاب التحفيزية على باقي المهارات اللغوية في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها (الاستماع – التحدث – القراءة – الكتابة).

Gamification for Healthier Lifestyle – User Retention

Chapter

Aug 2022

Gamification is gaining in popularity and is increasingly showing potential to benefit humans. Numerous applications have been developed but more research is required on the key motivational factors responsible for user adherence. The purpose of this research is to investigate strategies to encourage people in adopting a healthy lifestyle using gamification and identifying the key factors responsible for retaining users. The research will not be limited to certain activities such as gym or sports but motivates people to emphasize on small activities, for example, doing household work, walking and many others. This research endeavors to develop an application using Unity and C# which is a real-time platform supported by iOS and Android. The research focuses on Behavior Change Techniques and Self-Determination Theory to tackle the issue of user adherence.KeywordsGamificationUser retentionBehavior change techniquesGame applicationHealthy lifestyle

Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2009

Gephi is an open source software for graph and network analysis. It uses a 3D render engine to display large networks in real-time and to speed up the exploration. A flexible and multi-task architecture brings new possibilities to work with complex data sets and produce valuable visual results. We present several key features of Gephi in the context of interactive exploration and interpretation of networks. It provides easy and broad access to network data and allows for spatializing, filtering, navigating, manipulating and clustering. Finally, by presenting dynamic features of Gephi, we highlight key aspects of dynamic network visualization.

Systematic Mapping Studies in Software Engineering

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jun 2008

User-enjoyable learning environment based on Gamification elements

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Apr 2015

The present conditions of human life are more comfortable than that in the past. A huge number of modern technologies are available today because of the rapid development of information technology, which contributes to the flourishing of human life. Such modern technologies have led to the creation of Gamification, which is a new approach in information technology. In this paper we review the literature on Gamification from different perspectives and then explore the key elements of Gamification that positively affect learning when applied to any application. In addition, we discuss how the effectiveness is influenced when the implementation of Gamification in enterprises is stopped. Finally, we present an overall figure to illustrate all of the elements of Gamification according to previous research and consequently make the learning more effective as well as build an enjoyable learning environment for students.

Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2007

The objective of this report is to propose comprehensive guidelines for systematic literature reviews appropriate for software engineering researchers, including PhD students. A systematic literature review is a means of evaluating and interpreting all available research relevant to a particular research question, topic area, or phenomenon of interest. Systematic reviews aim to present a fair evaluation of a research topic by using a trustworthy, rigorous, and auditable methodology. The guidelines presented in this report were derived from three existing guidelines used by medical researchers, two books produced by researchers with social science backgrounds and discussions with researchers from other disciplines who are involved in evidence-based practice. The guidelines have been adapted to reflect the specific problems of software engineering research. The guidelines cover three phases of a systematic literature review: planning the review, conducting the review and reporting the review. They provide a relatively high level description. They do not consider the impact of the research questions on the review procedures, nor do they specify in detail the mechanisms needed to perform meta-analysis.

Cloud-Based Bibliometric Analysis Service for Systematic Mapping Studies

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jun 2015

There is an increasing number of scientific articles being published, which makes tracking the state of the art more time-consuming. There are software tools available to help with systematic mapping studies in a field of science, but most of these tools are closed source and involve several manual time-consuming steps that could be automated further. We present an open solution as a cloud-based design for bibliographic analysis that makes the research method available for a wider audience.

Gamification: Cognitive Impact and Creating a Meaningful Experience in Learning

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Dec 2014

Evolution in technology has ushered in games consoles, android devices and computer games into our daily lives. The applications has contributed to the rise of interaction with games; making it an addictive part of people's lives. By using the game design elements in non-game contexts, gamification is created. Although gamification has been surging in many fields, due to its effectiveness in engaging and attracting the users, it remains unclear whether a meaningful gamification able to influence the users' cognitive processing capabilities, especially in the field of education. Therefore this paper looks into several studies carried out in games, gamification in cognitive element, and discuss about improving students' cognition and creating a meaningful gamification in learning science and mathematics.

The Theory of Planned Behavior

Article

Full-text available

Dec 1991

Icek Ajzen

Research dealing with various aspects of* the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1987) is reviewed, and some unresolved issues are discussed. In broad terms, the theory is found to be well supported by empirical evidence. Intentions to perform behaviors of different kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are shown to be related to appropriate sets of salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about the behavior, but the exact nature of these relations is still uncertain. Expectancy value formulations are found to be only partly successful in dealing with these relations. Optimal rescaling of expectancy and value measures is offered as a means of dealing with measurement limitations. Finally, inclusion of past behavior in the prediction equation is shown to provide a means of testing the theory*s sufficiency, another issue that remains unresolved. The limited available evidence concerning this question shows that the theory is predicting behavior quite well in comparison to the ceiling imposed by behavioral reliability.

Recommendations for the design and deployment of MOOCs: Insights about the MOOC Digital Education of the Future deployed in MiríadaX

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Oct 2014

This paper reports the insights of the experience of designing and deploying the MOOC Digital Education of the Future, which was deployed in the platform MiríadaX in early 2013. This MOOC was delivered by several professors from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and was supported by several external social tools that promoted the creation of a community of learners as part of it. The contribution of this study is a list of insights and recommendations about both the design and deployment of MOOCs. These insights and recommendations are built upon those presented in previous works by the authors. The design recommendations include information about the overall course structure, the assessment activities, the certification of the course, and the use of complementary social tools. The deployment recommendations mainly focus on the role of the teaching staff when running the course and on the importance of social tools and communication tools as a mechanism for participant engagement throughout the course. These recommendations aim to be useful for other practitioners, instructional designers and policy makers addressing the challenge of designing and deploying a MOOC from scratch.

"Gamification" from the perspective of service marketing

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jan 2011

The developments in game industry and service design have led to an increased use of so-called game mechanics to drive customer retention and engagement outside the realm of, what can traditionally be seen as, games. This act of enhancing services with game-like features has largely been coined as 'gamification'. The phenomenon has been thus far discussed atomically, without ties to existing literature on service marketing, to which the goals of gamification is strongly related to. This paper presents a definition for gamification from the perspective of service marketing and lays ground for future studies on gamification and marketing.

Fun Beliefs in Digital Games from the Perspective of Human Nature; A Systematic Review

Conference Paper

Full-text available

May 2014

Dr Normal Mat Jusoh

Information and communication technologies are surfacing in every facet of contemporary human life. Development of gaming technologies is closely knitted with human practices and social innovations. Human society has been playing games to socialize and to gain satisfaction leading to a change in the interaction. Gamification has been used successfully to increase user engagement. The concept of fun in gamification is a major belief that is closely linked to human nature. However, there is an absence of understanding regarding the relationship between engagement in fun beliefs and human behavior. Therefore, the current study aims to fill in the conceptual gap by reporting the systematic review of recent literature addressing the different perspective on the experiences and impacts of playing games. It also examines the human behavior from cultural and social standpoint with regards to the beliefs. This review may challenge ethics, meaning and role of human values in our welfare. The understanding of the topic concepts is identified along with the essential outcomes analyzed using meta-analysis.

Systematic mapping Study on Software Engineering for Sustainability (SE4S)

Article

Full-text available

May 2014

Background/Context: The objective of achieving higher sustainability in our lifestyles by information and communication technology has lead to a plethora of research activities in related fields. Consequently, Software Engineering for Sustainability (SE4S) has developed as an active area of research. Objective/Aim: Though SE4S gained much attention over the past few years and has resulted in a number of contributions, there is only one rigorous survey of the field. We follow up on this systematic mapping study from 2012 with a more in-depth overview of the status of research, as most work has been conducted in the last 4 years. Method: The applied method is a systematic mapping study through which we investigate which contributions were made, which knowledge areas are most explored, and which research type facets have been used, to distill a common understanding of the state-of-the-art in SE4S. Results: We contribute an overview of current research topics and trends, and their distribution according to the research type facet and the application domains. Furthermore, we aggregate the topics into clusters and list proposed and used methods, frameworks, and tools. Conclusion: The research map shows that impact currently is limited to few knowledge areas and there is need for a future roadmap to fill the gaps.

Designing for fun and play: exploring possibilities in design for gamification

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2013

Gamification -- the use of game design elements in non-game contexts -- is touted by many as the solution of how to make applications and processes more engaging to people that may have little or no motivation to engage with them otherwise. Based upon a literature review, the paper argues for guidelines concerning two aspects of gamifying an activity: ensuring that a continued focus on the main activities can be preserved and considering designing for playfulness. Furthermore, the relation between gamification and play is discussed, and some possible issues with gamification are presented.

Gamification in Theory and Action: A Survey

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2015
INT J HUM-COMPUT ST

Gamification has drawn the attention of academics, practitioners and business professionals in domains as diverse as education, information studies, human-computer interaction, and health. As yet, the term remains mired in diverse meanings and contradictory uses, while the concept faces division on its academic worth, underdeveloped theoretical foundations, and a dearth of standardized guidelines for application. Despite widespread commentary on its merits and shortcomings, little empirical work has sought to validate gamification as a meaningful concept and provide evidence of its effectiveness as a tool for motivating and engaging users in non-entertainment contexts. Moreover, no work to date has surveyed gamification as a field of study from a human-computer studies perspective. In this paper, we present a systematic survey on the use of gamification in published theoretical reviews and research papers involving interactive systems and human participants. We outline current theoretical understandings of gamification and draw comparisons to related approaches, including alternate reality games (ARGs), games with a purpose (GWAPs), and gameful design. We present a multidisciplinary review of gamification in action, focusing on empirical findings related to purpose and context, design of systems, approaches and techniques, and user impact. Findings from the survey show that a standard conceptualization of gamification is emerging against a growing backdrop of empirical participants-based research. However, definitional subjectivity, diverse or unstated theoretical foundations, incongruities among empirical findings, and inadequate experimental design remain matters of concern. We discuss how gamification may to be more usefully presented as a subset of a larger effort to improve the user experience of interactive systems through gameful design. We end by suggesting points of departure for continued empirical investigations of gamified practice and its effects.

LDAvis: A method for visualizing and interpreting topics

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jun 2014

We present LDAvis, a web-based interac-tive visualization of topics estimated using Latent Dirichlet Allocation that is built us-ing a combination of R and D3. Our visu-alization provides a global view of the top-ics (and how they differ from each other), while at the same time allowing for a deep inspection of the terms most highly asso-ciated with each individual topic. First, we propose a novel method for choosing which terms to present to a user to aid in the task of topic interpretation, in which we define the relevance of a term to a topic. Second, we present results from a user study that suggest that ranking terms purely by their probability under a topic is suboptimal for topic interpretation. Last, we describe LDAvis, our visualization system that allows users to flexibly explore topic-term relationships using relevance to better understand a fitted LDA model.

A Systematic Mapping on Gamification Applied to Education

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Mar 2014

Gamification is a term that refers to the use of game elements in non-game contexts with the goal of engaging people in a variety of tasks. There is a growing interest in gamification as well as its applications and implications in the field of Education since it provides an alternative to engage and motivate students during the process of learning. Despite this increasing interest, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies that cover and classify the types of research being published and the most investigated topics in the area. As a first step towards bridging this gap, we carried out a systematic mapping to synthesize an overview of the area. We went through 357 papers on gamification. Among them, 48 were related to education and only 26 met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of articles defined in this study. These 26 papers were selected and categorized according to their contribution. As a result, we provide an overview of the area. Such an overview suggests that most studies focus on investigating how gamification can be used to motivate students, improve their skills, and maximize learning.

Khan Academy gamifies computer science

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Mar 2014

Gamification is the buzzword for adding gaming elements such as points or badges to learning experiences to make them more engaging and to increase motivation. In this paper we explore how Khan Academy has incorporated gaming elements into its CS learning platform. By mapping the literature on motivational processes to popular games we critically analyze how successful Khan Academy is at gamifying their site.

Defining Gamification - A Service Marketing Perspective

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Oct 2012

During recent years “gamification” has gained significant attention among practitioners and game scholars. However, the current understanding of gamification has been solely based on the act of adding systemic game elements into services. In this paper, we propose a new definition for gamification, which emphases the experiential nature of games and gamification, instead of the systemic understanding. Furthermore, we tie this definition to theory from service marketing because majority of gamification implementations aim towards goals of marketing, which brings to the discussion the notion of how customer / user is always ultimately the creator of value. Since now, the main venue for academic discussion on gamification has mainly been the HCI community. We find it relevant both for industry practitioners as well as for academics to study how gamification can fit in the body of knowledge of existing service literature because the goals and the means of gamification and marketing have a significant overlap.

Does Gamification Work? — A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jan 2014

This paper reviews peer-reviewed empirical studies on gamification. We create a framework for examining the effects of gamification by drawing from the definitions of gamification and the discussion on motivational affordances. The literature review covers results, independent variables (examined motivational affordances), dependent variables (examined psychological/behavioral outcomes from gamification), the contexts of gamification, and types of studies performed on the gamified systems. The paper examines the state of current research on the topic and points out gaps in existing literature. The review indicates that gamification provides positive effects, however, the effects are greatly dependent on the context in which the gamification is being implemented, as well as on the users using it. The findings of the review provide insight for further studies as well as for the design of gamified systems.

Gamifying Learning Experiences: Practical Implications and Outcomes

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2013
COMPUT EDUC

Gamification is the use of game design elements and game mechanics in non-game contexts. This idea has been used successfully in many web based businesses to increase user engagement. Some researchers suggest that it could also be used in web based education as a tool to increase student motivation and engagement. In an attempt to verify those theories, we have designed and built a gamification plugin for a well-known e-learning platform. We have made an experiment using this plugin in a university course, collecting quantitative and qualitative data in the process. Our findings suggest that some common beliefs about the benefits obtained when using games in education can be challenged. Students who completed the gamified experience got better scores in practical assignments and in overall score, but our findings also suggest that these students performed poorly on written assignments and participated less on class activities, although their initial motivation was higher.

From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining Gamification

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Sep 2011

Recent years have seen a rapid proliferation of mass-market consumer software that takes inspiration from video games. Usually summarized as "gamification", this trend connects to a sizeable body of existing concepts and research in human-computer interaction and game studies, such as serious games, pervasive games, alternate reality games, or playful design. However, it is not clear how "gamification" relates to these, whether it denotes a novel phenomenon, and how to define it. Thus, in this paper we investigate "gamification" and the historical origins of the term in relation to precursors and similar concepts. It is suggested that "gamified" applications provide insight into novel, gameful phenomena complementary to playful phenomena. Based on our research, we propose a definition of "gamification" as the use of game design elements in non-game contexts.

Topicmodels: An R Package for Fitting Topic Models

Article

Full-text available

May 2011
J STAT SOFTW

Topic models allow the probabilistic modeling of term frequency occurrences in documents. The fitted model can be used to estimate the similarity between documents as well as between a set of specified keywords using an additional layer of latent variables which are referred to as topics. The R package topicmodels provides basic infrastructure for fitting topic models based on data structures from the text mining package tm. The package includes interfaces to two algorithms for fitting topic models: the variational expectation-maximization algorithm provided by David M. Blei and co-authors and an algorithm using Gibbs sampling by Xuan-Hieu Phan and co-authors.

Systematic literature reviews in software engineering-A systematic literature review

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2009
INFORM SOFTWARE TECH

BackgroundIn 2004 the concept of evidence-based software engineering (EBSE) was introduced at the ICSE04 conference.AimsThis study assesses the impact of systematic literature reviews (SLRs) which are the recommended EBSE method for aggregating evidence.MethodWe used the standard systematic literature review method employing a manual search of 10 journals and 4 conference proceedings.ResultsOf 20 relevant studies, eight addressed research trends rather than technique evaluation. Seven SLRs addressed cost estimation. The quality of SLRs was fair with only three scoring less than 2 out of 4.ConclusionsCurrently, the topic areas covered by SLRs are limited. European researchers, particularly those at the Simula Laboratory appear to be the leading exponents of systematic literature reviews. The series of cost estimation SLRs demonstrate the potential value of EBSE for synthesising evidence and making it available to practitioners.

Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Mar 2009

Teaching the Nintendo generation to program

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2002

Preparing a new strategy for teaching introductory computer programming.

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Article

Jan 1992

Mathematics of Networks

Chapter

Jan 2008

M. E. J. Newman

The patterns of interactions, both economic and otherwise, between individuals, groups or corporations form social networks whose structure can have a substantial effect on economic outcomes. The study of social networks and their implications has a long history in the social sciences and more recently in applied mathematics and related fields. This article reviews the main developments in the area with a focus on practical applications of network mathematics.

LDAvis: A method for visualizing and interpreting topics

Article

Jan 2014

Current Developments in Big Data and Sustainability Sciences in Mobile Citizen Science Applications

Conference Paper

Mar 2015

The theory of planned behavior, organizational behavior and human decision processes

Article

Jan 1991

Icek Ajzen

The first hour experience: How the initial play can engage (or lose) new players

Article

Oct 2014

The first time a player sits down with a game is critical for their engagement. Games are a voluntary activity and easy to abandon. If the game cannot hold player attention, it will not matter how much fun the game is later on if the player quits early. Worse, if the initial experience was odious enough, the player will dissuade others from playing. Industry advice is to make the game fun from the start to hook the player. In our analysis of over 200 game reviews and interviews with industry professionals, we advance an alternative, complementary solution. New design terminology is introduced such as "holdouts" (what keeps players playing despite poor game design) and the contrast between momentary fun vs. intriguing experiences. Instead of prioritizing fun, we assert that intrigue and information should be seen as equally valuable for helping players determine if they want to continue playing. The first sustained play session (coined "first hour"), when inspected closely, offers lessons for game development and our understanding of how players evaluate games as consumable products.

Paradigms of games research in HCI

Conference Paper

Oct 2014

In this paper we argue that games and play research in the field of Human-Computer Interaction can usefully be understood as existing within 4 distinct research paradigms. We provide our rationale for developing these paradigms and discuss their significance in the context of the inaugural CHI Play conference.

Evidence-based software engineering and systematic literature reviews

Article

Jan 2009

Qualitative Methods in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering

Article

Jan 1999

Carolyn B Seaman

Gamification in software engineering – A systematic mapping

Article

Jan 2014
INFORM SOFTWARE TECH

Context Gamification seeks for improvement of the user’s engagement, motivation, and performance when carrying out a certain task, by means of incorporating game mechanics and elements, thus making that task more attractive. Much research work has studied the application of gamification in software engineering for increasing the engagement and results of developers. Objective The objective of this paper is to carry out a systematic mapping of the field of gamification in software engineering in an attempt to characterize the state of the art of this field identifying gaps and opportunities for further research. Method We carried out a systematic mapping with a view to finding the primary studies in the existing literature, which were later classified and analyzed according to four criteria: the software process area addressed, the gamification elements used, the type of research method followed, and the type of forum in which they were published. A subjective evaluation of the studies was also carried out to evaluate them in terms of methodology, empirical evidence, integration with the organization, and replicability. Results As a result of the systematic mapping we found 29 primary studies, published between January 2011 and June 2014. Most of them focus on software development, and to a lesser extent, requirements, project management, and other support areas. In the main, they consider very simple gamification mechanics such as points and badges, and few provide empirical evidence of the impact of gamification. Conclusions Existing research in the field is quite preliminary, and more research effort analyzing the impact of gamification in SE would be needed. Future research work should look at other game mechanics in addition to the basic ones and should tackle software process areas that have not been fully studied, such as requirements, project management, maintenance, or testing. Most studies share a lack of methodological support that would make their proposals replicable in other settings. The integration of gamification with an organization’s existing tools is also an important challenge that needs to be taken up in this field.

Game design as marketing: How game mechanics create demand for virtual goods

Article

Jan 2010

Selling virtual goods for real money is an increasingly popular revenue model for massively-multiplayer online games (MMOs), social networking sites (SNSs) and other online hangouts. In this paper, we argue that the marketing of virtual goods currently falls short of what it could be. Game developers have long created compelling game designs, but having to market virtual goods to players is a relatively new situation to them. Professional marketers, on the other hand, tend to overlook the internal design of games and hangouts and focus on marketing the services as a whole. To begin bridging the gap, we propose that the design patterns and game mechanics commonly used in games and online hangouts should be viewed as a set of marketing techniques designed to sell virtual goods. Based on a review of a number of MMOs, we describe some of the most common patterns and game mechanics and show how their effects can be explained in terms of analogous techniques from marketing science. The results provide a new perspective to game design with interesting implications to developers. Moreover, they also suggest a radically new perspective to marketers of ordinary goods and services: viewing marketing as a form of game design.

Gestural Interface Technology in Early Childhood Education: A Framework for Fully Engaged Communication

Conference Paper

Jan 2013

Gestural Interface Technology (GIT) has changed the way technology is adopted in classrooms for all ages. The accessibility of control through touch means that technology such as Apple's iPad can be used in early childhood education. In this paper, we introduce a framework for fully-engaged communication, developed from educational pedagogy and critical engagement in information systems. The intersection of these dimensions creates a view of a GIT life world approach which allows it to be used to understand multiple layers of engagement that exist within an early childhood education environment.

Introduction to Probabilistic Topic Models

Article

Jan 2011

David M. Blei

Reality is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World

Book

Jan 2011

Jane McGonigal

Transforming Homo Economicus into Homo Ludens: A Field Experiment on Gamification in a Utilitarian Peer-To-Peer Trading Service

Article

Jul 2013
ELECTRON COMMER R A

Juho Hamari

During recent years, the addition of game mechanisms to non-game services has gained a relatively large amount of attention. Popular discussion connects gamification to successful marketing and increased profitability through higher customer engagement, however, there is a dearth of empirical studies that confirm such expectations. This paper reports the results of a field experiment, which gamifies a utilitarian peer-to-peer trading service by implementing the game mechanism of badges that users can earn from a variety of tasks. There were 3234 users who were randomly assigned to treatment groups and subjected to different versions of the badge system in a 2 × 2 design. The results show that the mere implementation of gamification mechanisms does not automatically lead to significant increases in use activity in the studied utilitarian service, however, those users who actively monitored their own badges and those of others in the study showed increased user activity.

A social gamification framework for a K-6 learning platform

Article

Jan 2012
COMPUT HUM BEHAV

The Gamification of Learning and Instruction: Game-based Methods and Strategies for Training and Eduction

Book

Jan 2012

Karl Kapp

A systemic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games

Article

Sep 2012
COMPUT EDUC

topicmodels: An R Package for Fitting Topic Models

Article

J STAT SOFTW

Some Unique Properties of Eigenvector Centrality

Article

Oct 2007
SOC NETWORKS

Phillip Bonacich

Eigenvectors, and the related centrality measure Bonacich's c(β), have advantages over graph-theoretic measures like degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality: they can be used in signed and valued graphs and the beta parameter in c(β) permits the calculation of power measures for a wider variety of types of exchange. Degree, betweenness, and closeness centralities are defined only for classically simple graphs—those with strictly binary relations between vertices. Looking only at these classical graphs, where eigenvectors and graph–theoretic measures are competitors, eigenvector centrality is designed to be distinctively different from mere degree centrality when there are some high degree positions connected to many low degree others or some low degree positions are connected to a few high degree others. Therefore, it will not be distinctively different from degree when positions are all equal in degree (regular graphs) or in core-periphery structures in which high degree positions tend to be connected to each other.

Publication trends in gamification: A systematic mapping study

Abstract

No full-text available