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The Psychological Effects of Aerobic Fitness Training
Abstract
Numerous provocative studies on the psychological effects of aerobic fitness training are available today, and more are appearing almost on a daily basis. This book reviews and evaluates the research, and it asks and attempts to answer significant background questions: What are the various motivating factors that have contributed to the emergence of the national fitness movement? What are the public health considerations con- cerning the relationship between physical fitness and coronary heart disease? What exactly do we mean by "physical fitness," especially "aerobic" fitness? This book contains essential, in-depth data for everyone interested in the most solid and reliable information on the psychology of aerobic fitness.
... Importantly for the present study, previous studies have also shown that the experience of physical movement can have a direct effect on diminishing anxiety, as well as clinical depression (Wang et al., 2014;Gunnell et al., 2016;Korczak et al., 2017;McMahon et al., 2017). Repeated, rhythmic gestures in the form of aerobic exercises are negatively correlated with trait anxiety and depression and positively related to both physical health and self-concept (e.g., McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;Fox, 2000). All in all, the results of this line of research indicate that the physiological changes triggered by one or multiple sessions of physical activity have a direct and positive effect on cognitive functioning (see Donnelly et al., 2016 for a review). ...
... Second, a key finding of the study is that the embodiment prompt during the VR training sessions triggered a significantly stronger effect in the reduction of self-perceived anxiety among participants in this condition as compared with the participants in the Non-Gesture Activated VR condition. These results expand previous findings on the positive effects that physical activity has on mental health (i.e., wellbeing and self-concept, as reported in McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;Fox, 2000) and cognitive functioning (see Donnelly et al., 2016 for a review), as well as on the reduction of anxiety (e.g., Korczak et al., 2017). ...
... We can speculate that by reminding participants to use their bodies to enhance their expressiveness, the speeches produced by the Gesture Activated VR group may have been enriched by this awareness of the body as a tool for the construction of effective discourse (Kalantzis and Cope, 2004). Moreover, this body activation may have favored a stronger feeling of self-confidence that was key to rater perceptions that they were more charismatic speakers and their messages more persuasive (McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;Fox, 2000). ...
Practicing public speaking to simulated audiences created in virtual reality environments is reported to be effective for reducing public speaking anxiety. However, little is known about whether this effect can be enhanced by encouraging the use of gestures during VR-assisted public speaking training. In the present study two groups of secondary schools underwent a three-session public speaking training program in which they delivered short speeches to VR-simulated audiences. One group was encouraged to "embody" their speeches through gesture while the other was given no instructions regarding the use of gesture. Before and after the training sessions participants underwent respectively a pre-and a post-training session, which consisted of delivering a similar short speech to a small live audience. At pre-and post-training sessions, participants' levels of anxiety were self-assessed, their speech performances were rated for persuasiveness and charisma by independent raters, and their verbal output was analyzed for prosodic features and gesture rate. Results showed that both groups significantly reduced their self-assessed anxiety between the pre-and post-training sessions. Persuasiveness and charisma ratings increased for both groups, but to a significantly greater extent in the gesture-using group. However, the prosodic and gestural features analyzed showed no significant differences across groups or from pre-to post-training speeches. Thus, our results seem to indicate that encouraging the use of gesture in VR-assisted public speaking practice can help students be more charismatic and their delivery more persuasive before presenting in front of a live audience.
... There have been many studies on self-esteem, the factors that affect it, and its subsequent effect upon motivation, participation, perseverance and development of competency (Harter, 1982;McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991;Sonstroem, 1997;Weiss, McAuley, Ebbeck & Wiese 1990;Weiss et al., 1997). Self-esteem can be viewed as the personal evaluation of the worthiness of one-self (McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991;Sonstroem & Morgan, 1989). ...
... There have been many studies on self-esteem, the factors that affect it, and its subsequent effect upon motivation, participation, perseverance and development of competency (Harter, 1982;McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991;Sonstroem, 1997;Weiss, McAuley, Ebbeck & Wiese 1990;Weiss et al., 1997). Self-esteem can be viewed as the personal evaluation of the worthiness of one-self (McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991;Sonstroem & Morgan, 1989). On the other hand, self-concept is the description applied to the self that includes physical attributes and other competencies. ...
... They found a significant positive relationship between self-concept and fitness level, with no significant differences between males and females or between age groups. McDonald and Hodgdon (1991) also noted that surveys were as sensitive as experimental studies for assessing this relationship. ...
... Physical exercise has also been shown to effectively reduce stress and its related symptoms. Regular physical exercise decreases symptoms of anxiety and depression (Conn 2010a;Conn 2010b;McDonald and Hodgdon 1991), as well as psychological stress and anger (Hassmén et al. 2000); counters an over reactive stress-response system; and reduces rumination (Mothes et al. 2014). Physical exercise gives energy and at the same time promotes relaxation and better sleep (DiLorenzo et al. 1999;Youngstedt et al. 1997), boosts the immune system (LaPerriere et al. 1990), and enhances cognitive and executive functioning as well as positive affect (Reed and Buck 2009). ...
... The natural surroundings and fresh air boost the positive effects of exercising (van Cuijck et al. 2013). Beneficial effects of physical exercise are achieved when the heart rate is raised to the point of perspiration, for at least 20 min and three times a week (McDonald and Hodgdon 1991). This was the guideline for this component of the Mindful2Work training, where a day of short physical activity (20 min) is followed by a rest day to promote recovery and vitalize participants, instead of exhausting them even more. ...
Werkgerelateerde stress en stressgerelateerde ziektes nemen toe in de Westerse maatschappij. Mindfulness meditatie, yoga en lichaamsbeweging hebben allemaal hun positieve effecten hierop bewezen. Deze studie onderzocht de voorlopige effecten van de nieuw ontwikkelde Mindful2Work training, bestaande uit zes wekelijkse groepssessies en een follow-up sessie, waarin lichaamsbeweging, restoratieve yoga en mindfulness meditatie worden gecombineerd. Deelnemers (n = 26) vulden voor en na de interventie metingen in, evenals na 6 weken (FU-1) en 6 maanden (FU-2). Resultaten laten significante verbeteringen zien met (zeer) grote effectgroottes op stress en fysiek en mentaal werkvermogen, risico op lange termijn uitval op het werk en gewerkte contracturen per week. Met de tijd bleven de effecten (zeer) groot of namen nog verder toe. Concluderend, de effecten van de nieuw ontwikkelde Mindful2Work training zijn veelbelovend. Vergeleken met andere interventies is het programma korter (en dus goedkoper) en de uitval is lager.
... Physical exercise has also been shown to effectively reduce stress and its related symptoms. Regular physical exercise decreases symptoms of anxiety and depression (Conn 2010a;Conn 2010b;McDonald and Hodgdon 1991), as well as psychological stress and anger (Hassmén et al. 2000); counters an over reactive stress-response system; and reduces rumination (Mothes et al. 2014). Physical exercise gives energy and at the same time promotes relaxation and better sleep (DiLorenzo et al. 1999;Youngstedt et al. 1997), boosts the immune system (LaPerriere et al. 1990), and enhances cognitive and executive functioning as well as positive affect (Reed and Buck 2009). ...
... The natural surroundings and fresh air boost the positive effects of exercising (van Cuijck et al. 2013). Beneficial effects of physical exercise are achieved when the heart rate is raised to the point of perspiration, for at least 20 min and three times a week (McDonald and Hodgdon 1991). This was the guideline for this component of the Mindful2Work training, where a day of short physical activity (20 min) is followed by a rest day to promote recovery and vitalize participants, instead of exhausting them even more. ...
Work-related stress and associated illness and burnout is rising in western society, with now as much as almost a quarter of European and half of USA’s employees estimated to be at the point of burnout. Mindfulness meditation, yoga, and physical exercise have all shown beneficial effects for work-related stress and illness. This proof of concept study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the newly developed Mindful2Work training, a combination of physical exercise, restorative yoga, and mindfulness meditations, delivered in six weekly group sessions plus a follow-up session. Participants (n = 26, four males), referred by company doctors with (work-related) stress and burnout complaints, completed measurements pre and post the intervention, as well as at 6-week (FU1) and 6-month (FU2) follow-up. Results showed very high feasibility and acceptability of the Mindful2Work training. The training and trainers were rated with an 8.1 and 8.4 on a 1–10 scale, respectively, and training dropout rate was zero. Significant improvements with (very) large effect sizes were demonstrated for the primary outcome measures of physical and mental workability, and for anxiety, depression, stress, sleep quality, positive and negative affect, which remained (very) large and mostly increased further over time. Risk for long-term dropout from work (checklist individual strength [CIS]) was 92 % at pre-test, reduced to 67 % at post-test, to 44 % at FU1, and 35 % at FU2, whereas employees worked (RTWI) 65 % of their contract hours per week at pre-test, which increased to 73 % at post-test, 81 % at FU1 and 93 % at FU2. Intensity of home practice or number of attended sessions were not related to training effects. To conclude, the newly developed Mindful2Work training seems very feasible, and acceptable, and although no control group was included, the large effects of Mindful2Work are highly promising.
... See Biddle and Batterham for a discussion of the potential success or failure of HIIT for population-level health promotion (Biddle and Batterham, 2015). Landers (1997) reviewed six meta-analyses on the effects of exercise on anxiety (Calfas and Taylor, 1994;Kugler, Seelback, and Kruskemper, 1994;Landers and Petruzzello, 1994;Long and van Stavel, 1995;McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;Petruzzello, Landers, Hatfield, Kubitz, and Salazar, 1991) and five on the effects of exercise on depression (Calfas and Taylor, 1994;Craft, 1997;Kugler et al. 1994;McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;North, McCullagh, and Tran, 1990). The overall average ES for anxiety ranged from small (.20) to moderate (.50). ...
... See Biddle and Batterham for a discussion of the potential success or failure of HIIT for population-level health promotion (Biddle and Batterham, 2015). Landers (1997) reviewed six meta-analyses on the effects of exercise on anxiety (Calfas and Taylor, 1994;Kugler, Seelback, and Kruskemper, 1994;Landers and Petruzzello, 1994;Long and van Stavel, 1995;McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;Petruzzello, Landers, Hatfield, Kubitz, and Salazar, 1991) and five on the effects of exercise on depression (Calfas and Taylor, 1994;Craft, 1997;Kugler et al. 1994;McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;North, McCullagh, and Tran, 1990). The overall average ES for anxiety ranged from small (.20) to moderate (.50). ...
... Doyne, Ossip-Klein, Bowman, Osborn, McDougall-Wilson, and Neimeyer (1987) and Craft and Landers (1998) found both resistance and cardlovascular exercise to be associated with reductions in depression. Reviews addressing the association of chronic exercise with anxiety reduction have been similarly positive (McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991;Petruzello, et al., 1991). Recent studies have called into question the need for physiologic improvements to fachtate anxiety reduction in normal or highly anxious individuals (DeGeus, Van Doornen, & Orlebeke, 1993;Martinsen, Hoffart, & Solberg, 1989;. ...
The present investigation tested a 12-wk. treatment protocol which employed low intensity cardiovascular and resistance exercise as well as cognitive-behavior modification on 13 obese, previously sedentary women. Separate analyses were conducted on program maintenance, emotional change, and physiological change. Although self-motivation was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (n = 35), measures of exercise maintenance were significantly higher. Analyses within the treatment group only indicated significant improvements in measures of State Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Fatigue, Tension, and Vigor, also Health Evaluation, Body Area Satisfaction, and heightened Overweight Preoccupation, over the 12 weeks. Their feelings alter individual bouts of exercise indicated significantly increased Positive Engagement, Revitalization, and Tranquility, and reduced Physical Exhaustion. Maximum volume of oxygen uptake (VO2max) significantly increased (2nd to 10th percentile), but not resting heart rate. No significant correlation was found between cardiorespiratory change and change in scores on depression and anxiety. No significant association was found between physiological change and change in body image Preliminary evaluation of the minimal exercise treatment was given. The need to replicate findings with larger and different samples was emphasized.
... The majority of early investigations into the anxiolytic effects of acute aerobic exercise examined individuals without a clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. Small, but statistically significant, transient reductions in state anxiety (approximately 1/6-1/2 standard deviation) following acute bouts of aerobic exercise (compared to control conditions) have been consistently demonstrated in several quantitative reviews and meta-analyses (Ensari et al. 2015;McDonald and Hodgdon 1991;Petruzzello 2012;Petruzzello et al. 1991;Landers and Petruzzello 1994). One review quantified this change as approximately a 7.7-15.4% ...
Anxiety disorders are among the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in the United States – affecting over 40 million adults per year. Although anxiety disorders are commonly treated via psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy, there is also accumulating evidence to suggest that physical activity and exercise may play an important role in prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an extensive overview of literature examining the effects of physical activity, acute bouts of exercise, and chronic exercise training on several anxiety outcomes, primarily in adults. The collective evidence to date suggests that: (1) an acute bout of aerobic or resistance exercise generally results in reductions in state anxiety among adults with and without clinical anxiety disorders, (2) greater levels of physical activity are associated with fewer anxiety symptoms and a reduced likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder, (3) exercise training (aerobic and resistance) appears to reduce general anxiety symptoms in adults without a clinical anxiety disorder and adults with a chronic illness (e.g., cardiovascular disease) and may reduce disorder-specific symptoms of anxiety in adults with a clinical anxiety disorder. Although the collective body of evidence is promising, there is a need for additional well-designed and adequately powered randomized controlled trials, especially among adults with clinical anxiety disorders.
... This suggests that promoting higher PA after the pandemic may support mental health outcomes toward and beyond pre-pandemic levels. Although causality cannot be inferred from the current study, there is strong evidence to suggest that exercise can boost feelings of vigour and ease negative mood states (McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991), enhance positive emotions (Reed & Ones, 2006), decrease acute and chronic anxiety (Wipfli et al., 2008), and reduce depressive symptoms (Herring et al., 2012). However, current incentives to improve PA participation in UK universities are sub-optimal (Malagodi et al., 2023), and mental well-being scores in the present study were below values for the general adult population in England (Ng Fat et al., 2017). ...
Aim: Physical activity (PA) is widely acknowledged as a cost-effective strategy to support mental health in students. However, the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruptive influence raises questions about how the relationship between PA and student mental health may have evolved. Therefore, the present study explored this relationship before, during and after the pandemic. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional design was employed with survey data collected annually (2019–2022) in term one (October) at an English university. Mental well-being was evaluated using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured in 6,250 students. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation tests were used to assess the correlation between mental well-being and MVPA for each year. Results: There was a weak (r = 0.14–0.19, p < 0.001) positive correlation between mental well-being and MVPA for each year. This relationship was stronger for males compared to females in 2020 (Z = 1.02, p < 0.01) and 2022 (Z = 3.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The consistent correlation between mental well-being and MVPA suggests that the pandemic did not alter the discernible link between the two variables, emphasising the importance of PA for student mental health even during unprecedented circumstances.
... The extant body of literature, encompassing both qualitative narratives and quantitative meta-analytical reviews, offers additional corroboration for the aforementioned findings. Numerous studies have consistently shown the beneficial impact of physical exercise on mental well-being across diverse populations, including adolescents [21] and individuals spanning various age groups [22,23]. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of physical exercise on the alleviation of anxiety symptoms. ...
Background
Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern globally, associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Technologically based interventions have emerged as a potential solution to promote physical activity engagement and improve mental health outcomes. However, understanding the effectiveness of these interventions and the role of gender in their outcomes is essential for developing tailored strategies.
Objective
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of technologically based interventions in promoting physical activity and improving mental health outcomes, with a specific focus on gender differences.
Methodology
This study employed a three-phase mixed methods research design. Phase one was an experimental phase where 300 participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received a technologically based physical activity intervention, while the control group did not. Physical activity levels and mental health outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Phase two involved qualitative interviews with a subset of participants (n = 20) from the intervention group. These interviews explored motivations and barriers to physical activity, aiming to uncover personal factors influencing engagement. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes. Phase three utilized a quantitative survey to compare motivations and barriers between males and females. The survey, administered to a larger sample, included participants from both intervention and control groups. It assessed various factors and allowed for a quantitative comparison of gender differences.
Findings
findings indicated that the intervention improved the mental health and physical activities level of the intervention groups. Findings also there are 8 motivations for and barriers to using technology in physical activities. Male and females’ scores on some of the motivations and barriers were statistically significant.
Conclusion
technology plays an important role in improving the mental health and physical activities of adults. Findings can be used by health care centers, digital psychologists, and physical trainers.
... The extant body of literature, encompassing both qualitative narratives and quantitative meta-analytical reviews, offers additional corroboration for the aforementioned ndings. Numerous studies have consistently shown the bene cial impact of physical exercise on mental well-being across diverse populations, including adolescents (21) and individuals spanning various age groups (22,23). Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the in uence of physical exercise on the alleviation of anxiety symptoms. ...
Background
Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern globally, associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Technologically based interventions have emerged as a potential solution to promote physical activity engagement and improve mental health outcomes. However, understanding the effectiveness of these interventions and the role of gender in their outcomes is essential for developing tailored strategies.
Objective
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of technologically based interventions in promoting physical activity and improving mental health outcomes, with a specific focus on gender differences.
Methodology
This study employed a three-phase mixed methods research design. Phase one was an experimental phase where 300 participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received a technologically based physical activity intervention, while the control group did not. Physical activity levels and mental health outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Phase two involved qualitative interviews with a subset of participants (n = 20) from the intervention group. These interviews explored motivations and barriers to physical activity, aiming to uncover personal factors influencing engagement. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes. Phase three utilized a quantitative survey to compare motivations and barriers between males and females. The survey, administered to a larger sample, included participants from both intervention and control groups. It assessed various factors and allowed for a quantitative comparison of gender differences.
Findings
findings indicated that the intervention improved the mental health and physical activities level of the intervention groups. Findings also there are 8 motivations for and barriers to using technology in physical activities. Male and females’ scores on some of the motivations and barriers were statistically significant.
Conclusion
technology plays an important role in improving the mental health and physical activities of adults. Findings can be used by health care centers, digital psychologists, and physical trainers.
... Activities that entail repeated, large muscle movements are known as aerobic exercises. These activities boost oxygen inhalation, speed up oxygen transport to the liver and other important organs by altering breathing patterns and increasing the heart rate 8,9 . Any physical activity or exercise improves liver function in several ways 10,11 . ...
The optimal functioning of the liver is essential for athletic performance. It is necessary to maintain the liver’s enzymes at an optimal level so that liver cells can be protected from inflammation or damage. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on the liver function of adult athletes. A pretest–posttest experimental design was used. A total of thirty healthy male athletes (football players) aged 21 to 24 years were recruited for this study and randomly and equally divided into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The CG did not participate in any special activities. The EG performed an aerobic training program consisting of several exercises for 12 weeks. Evaluation of all participants in both groups was carried out before and after the intervention by measuring the blood levels of Alkaline phosphate, AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT, Bilirubin Total/indirect/direct, Albumin, Globulin, and Total protein using the standard methods by collecting blood samples. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in Bilirubin and globulin levels in the EG after 12 weeks of aerobic training sessions. However, there was no significant difference in alkaline phosphate, AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT Total protein, and Albumin (p > 0.05) between both groups post-treatment. The 12 weeks of aerobic training used in the study can potentially improve the liver function of adult athletes.
... Many studies have shown that physical activity can improve the state of mind. For example, a meta-analysis of prior research on the effects of tness training on state of mind showed that tness training could improve the state of mind and is not affected by other factors, such as gender and age (Mcdonald & Hodgdon, 1991). T. Xu and Mao (2013) found that the Chinese Northeast Yangge Exercise can mitigate negative states of mind in elderly persons to a certain extent. ...
To investigate the current state of home-based physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the effects of physical activity on state of mind and the mediating role of mental resilience, we selected five hundred people from across China to fill out the relevant scales by a convenience sampling method. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 22.0. This study found that residents living at home during the COVID-19 pandemic reported reduced physical activity. Home-based physical activity can improve the state of mind directly and improve it indirectly by influencing mental resilience. Residents are advised to participate in physical activity when they stay at home, as doing so benefits their physical and mental health.
... A growing body of empirical studies and several plausible theoretical explanations support that regular exercise provides mental health benefits (Biddle et al., 2000;ISSP, 1992). Many research reviews have reported that exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, is negatively associated with trait anxiety and depression and positively correlates with mental health indicators such as well-being and self-concept (Fox, 2000;McDonald & Hodgdon, 2012). ...
With the emergence of Covid-19, people's lifestyles have changed due to restriction measures. This situation has caused various adverse psychological effects on people. The study aimed to examine individuals' death anxiety and trait anxiety levels regarding physical activity status during the pandemic. In this context, 475 university students, 275 (57.9%) female, and 200 (42.1%) male participated in the research. The trait anxiety section of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to detect the trait anxiety of the participants, and the Abdel-Khalek Death Anxiety Scale was used to determine the death anxiety. Independent Samples T-Test and One Way Anova, parametric tests, were applied to the collected data. According to the research findings, there is a statistically significant difference in trait anxiety and death anxiety levels according to whether to do physical activity during the pandemic. The results show that the death anxiety and trait anxiety levels of individuals who do physical activity are lower than those who do not do sports. As a result, it can be said that individuals who continue to do sports despite various limitations during the pandemic period are less exposed to the adverse psychological effects of the pandemic.
... A growing body of empirical studies and several plausible theoretical explanations support that regular exercise provides mental health benefits (Biddle et al., 2000;ISSP, 1992). Many research reviews have reported that exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, is negatively associated with trait anxiety and depression and positively correlates with mental health indicators such as well-being and self-concept (Fox, 2000;McDonald & Hodgdon, 2012). ...
With the emergence of Covid-19, people's lifestyles have changed due to restriction measures. This situation has caused various adverse psychological effects on people. The study aimed to examine individuals' death anxiety and trait anxiety levels regarding physical activity status during the pandemic. In this context, 475 university students, 275 (57.9%) female, and 200 (42.1%) male participated in the research. The trait anxiety section of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to detect the trait anxiety of the participants, and the Abdel-Khalek Death Anxiety Scale was used to determine the death anxiety. Independent Samples T-Test and One Way Anova, parametric tests, were applied to the collected data. According to the research findings, there is a statistically significant difference in trait anxiety and death anxiety levels according to whether to do physical activity during the pandemic. The results show that the death anxiety and trait anxiety levels of individuals who do physical activity are lower than those who do not do sports. As a result, it can be said that individuals who continue to do sports despite various limitations during the pandemic period are less exposed to the adverse psychological effects of the pandemic.
... If an individual follows a physically active lifestyle, it has been found to be an effective way of improving fitness and overall health [52]. In addition, regular PA is known to have a positive impact on mental health [53,54]. A number of meta-analyses of intervention studies of the effect of exercise training have revealed that exercise may have a significant moderate to high anti-depressive effect [55][56][57]. ...
... In agreement, other researchers have shown that the participation in physical activity, such as various types of exercise (Brown et al., 1995;Koyuncu et al., 2010;McDonald, & Hodgdon, 1991), hatha yoga and progressive relaxation (Cusumano, & Robinson, 1993), as well as the participation in exercise programs such as walking (Palmer, 1995), weight training and running (Trujillo, 1983), and aerobic exercise programs (Alfermann, & Stoll, 2000;McAuley et al., 1997;Misra et al., 1996), improve self-esteem. It should be noted that the participation in exercise enhances self-esteem more than non-participation in any form of exercise (Elavsky, 2010 (Kim, & Kim, 2007), as well as dance movement therapy programs (Brauninger, 2012), can lead to great reductions in anxiety. ...
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of an online live group program with Greek traditional dances on the self-esteem and anxiety of the participants. The research involved 147 people, 43 men and 104 women, aged 49,73±8,141 years old, members of Cultural Clubs. The participants were randomly divided into the experimental group (N=75) and the control group (N=72). The experimental group participated in online live group lessons of Greek traditional dances, through the online platform ZOOM, twice a week. Each lesson had a 45-minute duration and the program lasted 12 weeks, during the quarantine imposed due to COVID-19. During the same period of 12 weeks, the control group continued its daily life in quarantine. The participants in both groups completed the Heatherton and Polivy (1991) State Self-Esteem Scale to measure performance self-esteem, social self-esteem and appearance self-esteem, as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-FORM X-1 by Spielberger et al. (1970) for the measurement of state anxiety, before and after the 12-week period. The processing of the data showed that after participating in the online live group program of Greek traditional dances, the participants in the experimental group significantly increased their performance self-esteem (t=-7,75, p<0,001), social self-esteem (t=-5,23, p<0,001), and appearance self-esteem (t=-5,67, p<0,001), but they significantly reduced their state anxiety (t=7,33, p<0,001). Regarding the participants in the control group, after the 12-week period, the studied variables moved in the undesirable direction, as evidenced by the reduction in self-esteem factors and the increase in state anxiety. The results show that participating in Greek traditional dance group programs, which are conducted live online, affects positively the self-esteem and state anxiety of the participants. Consequently, during these difficult health times that the whole world is experiencing, participating in online live group programs of Greek traditional dance may improve the participants’ psychological state, offering at the same time the solution on the one hand to distance oneself from other people and on the other hand to come in contact with people.
... The use of these mobile application helps provide accurate workout related information such as; i) time, ii) distance, iii) speed, and iv) estimated calories lost [2], [11]. Although, these information are vital for a person's fitness level, these information are less vital for beginners, as they are only looking for some simple exercising techniques, that can yield a strong foundation towards a healthier lifestyle [16], [17]. Mobile fitness application have recently seen a steady increase in users [7]. ...
p>The present project is motivated by the recognition that the use of mobile fitness application is increasingly popular among sports and exercise participants in recent years. However, an extensive research on mobile fitness application indicates that most of them are not suitable for beginners. Thus, this project paper describes the development process of a mobile fitness application for beginners, who are looking at enhancing their physical fitness level. This mobile fitness application is developed using android studio and java language. Upon the development of this mobile fitness application, a user testing was conducted and analyzed. The result shows that users were satisfied with the applications as most test scores were above average. Based on these results, the usage of this newly developed mobile fitness application can be suggested to be used by beginner exercisers.</p
... A prospective research of 4594 adolescents showed PA was negatively correlated with early depressive symptoms in adolescents, and young students participating in aerobic exercise programs were less likely to develop depression [15,16]. Several depiction and meta-analytic reviews have been indicated that aerobic forms of exercise, especially exercise plan or exercise sessions with several weeks could moderate reductions in anxiety after physical activity [17][18][19]. ...
Objective:
To identify the internal mechanism of the relationship between physical activity and mental health in home exercises.
Methods:
Participants were 2233 college students with an average age of 19.34 (SD = 1.07) recruited from southern China using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical multiple regression. They completed the college student physical activity questionnaire, regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RES) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) to explore the internal mechanism of the relationship between home exercises and mental health in the context of fitness campaign.
Results:
Statistical analysis based on ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression, and the results showed that gender differences is a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of home exercise on mental health in college students. Furthermore, individuals with regulatory emotional self-efficacy are more likely to keep exercising, which may stimulate the positive effect on enhancing mental health.
Conclusion:
Variable of emotion regulation efficacy play an important role in promoting college students positive emotions, stimulating potential, and improving physical and mental health. Further to advocate sports interventions for home-stay groups to improve their control of emotions, thereby reducing their anxiety and depression in the face of unexpected events.
... On the other hand, several studies showed a decrease in negative feelings (i.e., affect, mood, anxiety) throughout the MC after an exercise training program (McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991;Petruzzello et al., 1991;Aganoff and Boyle, 1994). Aganoff and Boyle (1994) compared the effects of exercise on negative feelings throughout the MC between physically active and inactive women. ...
... The participants' age ranged from 18 to 25 years old. 2. Participants exhibited mild to moderate levels of anxiety (a score of [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] according to Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). 3. The participants had to be in good general health. ...
... Exercise has been shown to reduce stress (Taylor, 2000), which is one of the main reasons for job burnout (Isoard-Gautheur et al., 2019), and also anxiety (Aşçi, 2003;Dunn et al., 2003), or even depression (Craft & Landers, 2016;Dimeo et al., 2001;Fox, 1999;O'Neal et al., 2000). On the other hand, physical activity and exercise have benefits in promoting a general psychological well-being and positive emotions such as happiness (Hills & Argyle, 1998), and their effects are related to positive mental health indices such as well-being and self-concept (Fox, 1999(Fox, , 2000McDonald & Hodgdon, 2012). Amongst other leisure activities, physical exercise is one of the strongest ways to improve positive feelings such as happiness and reduce negative emotions on a short-term basis (Hills & Argyle, 1998). ...
A protective work environment should account both for employees’ health and for reducing psychosocial risk. Physical exercise during the workday could be a tool to improve working performance and reduce sickness-related absenteeism and work-related stress, especially for workers suffering from Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (NCCDs). Our aim was to evaluate the short-term effects of physical exercise performed during the workday on employees’ emotions (Anxiety, Dejection, Anger, Excitement and Happiness) suffering from NCCDs in Chile. A pre- and post- exercise emotions questionnaire was administered during each training session in the frame of a larger internal Institutional project aimed to reduce NCCDs symptoms in local University employees. This preliminary study (N = 20) was aimed to collect evidence of the short-term psychological benefits of such a program. Results show significant differences in the Anxiety, Excitement and Happiness levels as reported by the subjects before and after performing the physical routine each day of training. After the exercise, volunteers themselves acknowledged that they felt “better and relieved” (i.e., less anxious, more excited and happier) at the end of the 30-minute training. This preliminary study shows that even a short physical exercise program could be an effective tool to increase employees’ positive mood and reduce anxiety. This suggests that exercise could be a key factor for institutions to develop guidelines for reducing psychosocial occupational risk and disease prevention in the workplace. Further investigation with larger sample sizes and different populations is needed to generalize these outcomes and evaluate long-term benefits according to individual differences and health issues.
... B. BÖS & BREHM, 1998;BOUCHARD, SHEPHARD & STEPHENS, 1994;MORGAN, 1997), narrative und metaanalytische Review-Arbeiten einzelner Autoren (z. B. ABELE, BREHM & PAHMEIER, 1997;CREWS & LANDERS, 1987;DOAN & SCHERMAN, 1987;KNOLL, 1997;KRAUS, 1987;MCDONALD & HODGDON, 1991;NORTH, MCCULLAGH & TRAN, 1990;PETRUZZELLO, LANDERS, HATFIELD, KUBITZ & SALAZAR, 1991;SCHLICHT, 1994SCHLICHT, , 1995 (SCHLICHT, 1994(SCHLICHT, , 1995 von Erwachsenen lässt sich zusammenfassend folgendes festhalten: Die Hypothese eines generellen Zusammenhangs zwischen sportlicher Aktivität und Parametern der physischen sowie der psychischen Gesundheit lässt sich nicht stützen. Es zeigt sich jedoch für beide Gesundheitsbereiche, dass der Zusammenhang ganz erheblich von personen-und programmspezifischen Einflussfaktoren moderiert wird. ...
... Conventional ANOVA failed to show any differences across the POMS scales between age segments. Prior research has shown significant POMS age effect differences; see meta-analysis conducted by McDonald and Hodgdon (2012) ...
Consumers’ affective states associated with product development are hot topics and an important area of consumer research. The Profile of Mood States 2nd EditionTM –Adult (POMS 2-ATM) with 65 items and 5 negative scales can be used to assess adult consumers’ affect. Consumer POMS data collected in the US for the NUTRILITE™ brand¹ multivitamin multimineral supplement product are analyzed using an advanced statistical model and the R package ‘repolr’. This proportional odds model (POM) fitted with generalized estimating equations (GEE) is more appropriate for repeated ordinal categorical data than conventional ANOVA. Analysis of the data collected before product testing show that there are significant user group effects for each of the 7 POMS scales and significant gender and age group effects for some scales. Product users, females and age group 45-55 show larger scores for positive scales and smaller scores for the negative scales than non-users, males and other age groups. Analysis of the data collected after product testing shows that there are significant product effects for some scales of POMS (Depression-Dejection, Anger-Hostility, and Total Mood Disturbance). The estimated effect parameters in the model, i.e., log odds ratio values, can be transformed into Thurstonian discriminal distance δ or d-prime and other sensory measures, offering all the advantages of Thurstonian modeling and ease of interpretation of the results. Further analysis shows that although the results using conventional ANOVA are consistent with the results using the advanced POM model, the POM model for the POMS data is more valid and powerful than conventional ANOVA.
... Certainly, physical training is tough, uncomfortable and tense and involves limited time; all of these factors contribute to testing the confidence level of the trainees and those trainees with high levels of selfconfidence are most likely to be able to complete the training successfully (Brunes, 2011;Don et al., 2005). An abundance of past studies have shown a positive relationship between physical training and selfconfidence (Dembeck, 2011;Don et al., 2005;McDonald and Hodgdon, 1991). ...
As well as having a positive impact on our health, physical activity is useful for increasing self-con fidence. In Malaysia, many physical programs have been organized, including the physical activities module included in Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN; the national services program). Unlike other modules, the physical activities module in PLKN is quite different due to the longer period it takes t o accomplish the module. The main objective of the physical module in PLKN is to enhance the trainees’ self-confidence and this study aims to discover the effectiveness of the module in this regard; i.e., how much self-confidence do trainees gain and is there any difference in their self-confidence before and after joining the module? This is a quantitative study in which a total of 362 trainees from Putra-Putri Tra ining Camp at Alor Gajah, Malacca were selected as respondents based on multi-stage sampling. The analysis shows that the majority of trainees had a moderate level of self-confidence both pre- and post-test. H owever, the results demonstrate that the physical module di d enhance the trainees’ self-confidence based on th e significant difference identified in the mean score between the pre- and post-test. It is recommended that PLKN in Malaysia should be implemented over a longer period; this would provide opportunities for new and challenging activities to be added to the program.
... , (Schacter, 2011) , , (Yeung, 1996) , (Petruzzello et al., 1991;Landers & Petruzzello, 1994;McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991), ...
... Physical activity can also help to combat psychiatric disorders: improved anxiety disorders [4] and reducing depression [5]. The relationships between physical inactivity and mental health are analyzed by Arentet et al. (2000) [6]; Bouchard & Shephard (1994) [7]; Netz et al. (2005) [8]; Petruzzello et al. (1991) [9] and McDonald & Hodgdon, (1991) [10] and Crews & Landers (1987) [11]. Physical activity may also help people maintain tobacco abstinence [12]. ...
Data on self-reported frequency of exercising or playing sport of adults aged 15 and above in 27 EU countries were collected, from the European Commission’s Special Eurobarometer. A graphical output was obtained using classical a statistical methodology known as metric Multidimensional Scaling method to better define the interrelationships between a large set of variables for the data from the 27 European countries and “average” country included in the study. People in Sweden, Denmark and Finland had the highest level of exercise and playing sport level. High level of exercise and play sport level were detected in Slovenia, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom and France while low level of exercise and play sport level were found in Romania, Hungary, Italy, Poland and Portugal. The lowest level of exercise and play sport was observed in Bulgaria and Greece. The groups of countries that result from this classification also are characterized by the extent of the difference between the lowest levels of activity (never practising) and the highest (regularly practising); Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, have the highest proportion of people who seldom practising. In 4 countries, Ireland, Malta, Republic of Cyprus and Portugal, the proportion of citizens who practice exercise or play sport regularly or never (extreme behaviour) is high. This study shows what a high level and regularly of exercise and playing sport are associated with adults participating in education and training, satisfaction with household financial situation and kind of work activity.
... There is evidence suggesting positive effects of exercise on depression in intervention [19,20], cross-sectional [21], population-based [22], and cohort studies [23][24][25], indicating that participation in exercise could be an important target of mental health treatments. Further to this, exercise has been shown to be effective as a treatment for clinical depression [26] and anxiety in both adults [27] and adolescents [28]. ...
Background
Overweight and obesity is related to many health problems and diseases. The current obesity epidemic, which is a major health problem, is closely related to a lack of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior, and increased energy intake; with evidence to show increasing incidence of these issues in the younger population. Tackling obesity and its comorbid conditions requires a holistic approach encompassing attention on physical activity, healthy diet, and behavioral activation in order to enable and maintain meaningful and long-term weight loss and weight maintenance.
Objective
The objective of the Data-as-a-Service Platform for Healthy Lifestyle and Preventive Medicine (DAPHNE) project is to develop a breakthrough information communications technology (ICT) platform for tracking health, weight, physical activity, diet, lifestyle, and psychological components within health care systems, whereby the platform and clinical support is linked.
Methods
The DAPHNE platform aims to deliver personalized guidance services for lifestyle management to the citizen/patient by means of (1) advanced sensors and mobile phone apps to acquire and store continuous/real-time data on lifestyle aspects, behavior, and surrounding environment; (2) individual models to monitor their health and fitness status; (3) intelligent data processing for the recognition of behavioral trends; and (4) specific services for personalized guidance on healthy lifestyle and disease prevention. It is well known that weight loss and maintenance of weight loss are particularly difficult. This tool will address some of the issues found with conventional treatment/advice in that it will collect data in real time, thereby reducing reliability issues known with recalling events once they have passed and will also allow adjustment of behavior through timely support and recommendations sent through the platform without the necessity of formal one-to-one visits between patient and clinician. Patient motivation/compliance is a particular issue with conventional weight loss regimes; DAPHNE aims to increase the individuals’ awareness of their own behavior and fosters their accountability.
Results
The project has been funded and the research work has started. Results for the validation of the different components is due imminently.
Conclusions
In contrast with previous existing solutions, the DAPHNE project tackles the obesity problem from a clinical point of view, designing the different interfaces for its use by patients (adults and children), physicians, and caregivers. A specific design for children and adolescent patients treated for obesity has been followed, guided by pediatric physicians at hospitals in Europe. The final clinical validation of the DAPHNE platform will be carried out in different European hospitals, testing the platform in both adolescents and adults.
... Usually mental toughness associated with self-confidence and self-efficacy [16]. For [17,18], physical training can improve durability and mental health. Among these are physical exercises like aerobics, abseiling, cross obstacles on land or in water. ...
Reserve Officer Training Unit (ROTU) is one of the co-curriculums activities that created only by public higher education institutions in Malaysia. The main objective of the establishment ROTU is to provide highly skilled and qualified personnel for conducting the reserve team of the Malaysian Army. Thus, through the exercises performed, ROTU should be able to generate human capital needs of the country in the future. This paper has discussed the advantages of ROTU's activities to be applied in the prospective teachers to prepare for the proficiency levels are professionalised teacher after graduation in public higher education institutions.The qualitative research methodology had been used which data had been collected through Interviews, observation and documents analysis. Research findings show that the ROTU's activities was encouraging developments in the aspect of leadership, mental toughness, self-confidence and a spirit of cooperation that can be applied in the future TVET teachers. Prospective teachers should prepare him/her to become a quality human capital in terms of leadership, self-confidence and mental strength before they are revealed to be a professional teacher later.
... In addition, studies examining physical activity interventions have been conducted using experimental and quasi-experimental designs. A number of literature reviews on physical activity and depression exist in both narrative format (Biddle, 2000;Martinsen, 1990;Morgan, 1994;Salmon, 2001;Sime, 1987;Taylor, Sallis, & Needle, 1985) and meta-analysis format (McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991;North, McCullagh, & Tran, 1990;Stich, 1999). The authors of these reviews have generally found that physical activity interventions are effective in reducing depressive symptoms, although the effect is strongest for individuals who are mildly to moderately depressed. ...
... Physical exercise was found to positively contribute to all of the aforementioned factors (Hassmén, Koivula, & Uutela, 2000; Lox, Martin Ginis, & Petruzello, 2010; McAuley, 1994; Scully, Kremer, Meade, Graham, & Dudgeon, 1998). Although regular exercise has been shown to improve well-being and mood state (Fox, 1999; Hassmén, et al., 2000; Lox, et al., 2010; Magnan, Kwan, & Bryan, 2013; McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991; Penedo & Dahn, 2005 ), the relationship between exercise and wellbeing is more complex. First, the impact on wellbeing and mood is a function of intensity and duration of exercise implying a dose-response relationship and an individual " exercise dosage " that can optimally improve well-being (Ekkekakis & Petruzzello, 1999; Lox, et al., 2010). ...
The research aimed at studying relationships between characteristics of CrossFit training (time elapsed
from starting with training, weekly session frequency) and indicators of well-being, self-esteem, body
awareness, satisfaction with body image, and perceived body competence. Participants, 186 Norwegian
individuals (57.5% female; mean age: 28.9±7.81 years) regularly participating in CrossFit, completed online
surveys (WHO-5 Well-being Scale, PANAS, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Awareness Questionnaire,
Body Image Ideals Questionnaire, Body Competence Scale, motivations for doing CrossFit). Weekly frequency
of CrossFit sessions was not connected with positive affect (Kendall tau_b=-.02, p=.766), negative affect
(-.01, p=.861), or well-being (.10, p=.068) in the correlation analysis. Similarly, overall CrossFit experience
(duration x frequency) was not related to global self-esteem (Kendall tau_b=.01, p=.778), body awareness
(-.04, p=.379), body image dissatisfaction (.04, p=.423), and body competence (-.07, p=.184). In the regression
analysis, well-being was connected with male gender (β=-.205, p<.01), time elapsed from starting with CrossFit
(β=-0.178, p<.05), dissatisfaction with body image (β=-.218, p<.01), and body awareness (β=.149, p<.05).
Global self-esteem was related to age (β=.164, p<.05), body competence (β=.152, p<.05), and body image
dissatisfaction (β=-.276, p<.001). CrossFit training was not connected with higher levels of psychological
functioning (well-being, affect, body awareness, and self-esteem) and satisfaction with body image.
... Several narrative and meta-analytic reviews have been conducted in this area such as Calfas and Taylor [29] with adolescents, McDonald and Hodgdon [30], Petruzzello et al [31] and Taylor [32]. Research has taken three approaches. ...
This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of relaxation exercises with selected physical activity on girl's mental health. In this regard, 60 female students (18 to 30 years) participated in this study. They were divided into 4 similar groups. Categories include: relaxation groups (n=15), the Physical activity group (n=15), Relaxation with physical activity group (n=15) and control group (n=15). Experimental groups did exercise for 6 weeks and 2 times a week. But the control group did their routine activities. Mental health of participants before and after the exercise intervention was assessed by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The obtained data was analyzed by multivariate of variance (MANOVA) and Bonferroni test. The statistical data show that the effects of relaxation training (P<0/0001), effects of selected Physical activity (P<0/0001), effects of Combined exercises (P<0/0001). This study showed that relaxation training and selected Physical activity and combined exercises cause to be improving to general health student girls. Although not differences were observed between the three groups, but this study emphasizes the relaxation of role in general health. The employing different methods of relaxation are as an effective and practical aims. So, it is suggested that effect of other relaxation methods with physical activity and also interactivities influences of combination training types would be used.
The present study assessed the effect of two types of physical exercise on the self-reported mood of 64 9- and 10-yr.-old children who responded to a self-report mood measure after two different types of aerobic exercise of 15 min., and after a 15-min. video. Significant increases in positive mood and significant decreases in negative mood were found after each exercise treatment; however, positive mood decreased and negative mood increased following the video treatment. Interestingly, no significant difference in mean mood scores was found between the two exercise treatments. These data suggest that short bouts of physical exercise have psychological benefits for children.
This study investigates the impact of combining aerobic exercises and relaxation training as interventions to reduce test anxiety among school children. Test anxiety, a prevalent concern affecting academic performance and overall well-being in educational settings, serves as the focal point of this investigation. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of aerobic exercises and relaxation training in mitigating test anxiety. A randomized controlled trial involved 120 school students (60 males and 60 females), aged 15 to 18 years, who were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The Westside Test Anxiety Scale was employed to measure test anxiety levels before and after the interventions. Results revealed significant reductions in test anxiety scores among the intervention group compared to the control group. However, there were no discernible gender differences noted in the analysis.
Background: This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a technology-based physical activity intervention in promoting physical activity and improving mental health, life satisfaction and happiness among adults in Guizhou province, China. Literature review has indicated the potential of technology-based interventions in this area; however, the number of the studies on this area is scanty.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of a technology-based physical activity intervention on promoting physical activity and improving mental health, life satisfaction, and happiness among adults. Specifically, the study aimed to compare an experimental group receiving the intervention with a control group that received no intervention. It also aimed at exploring male and female adults’ perceptions of motivations for and barriers to using technology in physical activities.
Methodology: The research employed a mixed-methods design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative components. The quantitative aspect involved a pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial (RCT), while the qualitative component utilized semi-structured interviews. Participants were randomly selected from a population of adults aged 18 years and older using a stratified random sampling technique. Quantitative data on physical activity levels, happiness, and mental health outcomes were collected through surveys administered at both the onset and the end of a 12-week intervention period. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews to gain insights into participants' perceptions of technology-based physical activities.
Findings: The findings revealed that the technology-based physical activity intervention was effective in promoting physical activity and improving mental health, life satisfaction and happiness among the experimental group. The qualitative analysis using thematic analysis provided additional insights into participants' views on technology-based physical activities as facilitators or barriers to physical activity and mental health outcomes.
Conclusions: Based on the findings, this study concludes that the technology-based physical activity intervention had a positive impact on physical activity levels and mental health, life satisfaction, and happiness of the adults.
Implications: The findings of this study have important implications for the development of future physical activity interventions and mental health programs. They provide evidence for the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in promoting physical activity and improving mental health outcomes among adults. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects, sustainability, and specific mechanisms underlying the impact of these interventions. Understanding these factors will help in developing targeted and effective interventions to promote physical activity and enhance mental well-being in the future.
Dans cet article, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser aux adolescents ayant une déficience intellectuelle légère, rattachés à un établissement spécialisé. Nous sommes partis du constat que ces adolescents ont des carences socioéducatives importantes, impliquant une communication difficile, une adaptabilité peu opérationnelle et par conséquent, une estime de soi parfois très instable. Nous nous sommes alors demandé si l’activité physique peut jouer un rôle de régulation pour aider l’adolescent à mieux communiquer, s’adapter et finalement mieux se connaître. Ainsi, cet article s’intéresse aux effets des pratiques physiques (escalade ou hockey) sur l’estime de soi et la perception de l’image corporelle des adolescents ayant une déficience intellectuelle légère. Nous pensons que certaines activités physiques sont plus propices pour réguler les comportements de ces adolescents et que le niveau de la condition physique est un facteur potentiel pour optimiser cette régulation. Des tests physiques et psychologiques ont été réalisés avant et après la prise en charge en activité physique. Dix adolescents ayant une déficience légère, issus d’un établissement spécialisé, ont participé à cette étude. Le groupe 1 a pratiqué le hockey en salle, le groupe 2, l’escalade pendant une période de cinq semaines à fréquence d’une séance par semaine d’une heure et demie effective. Les résultats montrent que l’estime de soi des sujets s’est améliorée après le programme d’Activité Physique Adaptée (APA) et plus particulièrement chez les jeunes ayant pratiqué le hockey et ayant une meilleure condition physique. Pour les tests physiques (test navette VO ² max) et le test psychologique (EES), le groupe G 1hockey obtient de meilleurs résultats que le groupe G 2escalade . Seul un adolescent éprouve des difficultés à percevoir l’état réel de sa corpulence et l’activité physique n’a pas permis de modifier cette image. Les activités physiques collectives semblent être un atout intéressant à travailler, car le mode coopération-opposition pousse l’adolescent ayant une déficience intellectuelle légère à s’adapter et à s’autoréguler.
This review study aimed to determine the impact of physical activity on mental health. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar from 1999 to 2019. The search was performed using the following keywords: physical activity, physical exercise, mental health, psychological health. After selecting papers related to the criteria, 20 studies were selected to meet the needs of this systematic review. This research included a total of 26,940 respondents of different genders and ages, which is a very large sample of respondents. All research has confirmed that physical activity affects the mental health of people of different health status, gender, and age. A detailed analysis of all these studies has shown that there is an impact of physical activity on mental health, as well as what types of physical activities affect the psychological state of both persons with mental disorders and the healthy population.
- Körperlich-sportliche Aktivität und Inaktivität: Chancen und Risiken für die Gesundheit
- Effekte körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität auf ausgewählte Gesundheitsparameter
- Ansätze zur Erklärung von psychologischen Effekten körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität als Gesundheitsverhaltensweise
- Körperlich-sportliche Aktivität als Element der Gesundheitsförderung
Abstract
Background and purpose: Addiction is a dependence on the
drug that makes him the physical and psychological dependence
on drugs and will affect all his personal and social behavior and
has been attacked as an important social pathology of human
society. Therefore, the aim of this study was Effect of a given
exercise program on quality of life and self steam of addicts.
Methods and materials: The study was quasi-experimental.
Between drug addiction in the center of the 60 Congress, 60 of
whom were purposefully selected and divided into two groups.
The first group, There were 30 people after detoxification and
drug treatments did not participate in exercise programs and
advice received, the second Group, There were 30 people on
drug treatment and counseling after detoxification were involved
in sports programs. In two pre-test and post test subjects
responded to questionnaires about quality of life and self steam.
Data analysis was performed using the dependent and
independent T test whit Using software SPSS16 at significant
level (p<0.05).
Results: The groups were not significantly different from each
other in pre-test, quality of life (p=0/87, t= 2/011) and self steam
(p=0/49, t=0/65) but in the post-test groups with exercise training
significantly with quality of life (p=0/002, t=-3/27) and self steam
(p=0/007, t= -2/81) were better than the control group. It was
observed that two groups of pre-test to post-test significantly
(p<0/001) in terms of quality of life and self steam had improved.
Conclusion: The results showed that the drug addicts who have
used a combination of methods, such as regular exercise of
moderate intensity, Had a greater improvement in quality of life
and self steam.
Key words: addiction, quality of life, self steam, substance
abuse, exercise.
It is generally accepted that physical activity has many health benefits, such as improved cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and bone health. Despite this, inactivity remains a significant health challenge in the UK and globally, contributing to conditions such as coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Nurses have an important health promotion role in recommending the potential benefits of physical activity to the general public. However, research suggests that many nurses may not be undertaking enough physical activity themselves, despite the active nature of the nursing role. This article investigates the evidence that increased physical activity has the potential to improve the well-being of nurses. The article also examines the effect of physical activity on indicators of well-being, including feeling states such as affect, mood and emotion; depression; and sleep.
Es objeto de este estudio determinar la prevalencia de sintomatología de dependencia al ejercicio físico en universitarios y su relación con variables como la dedicación a la práctica deportiva, ansiedad rasgo, estado de ánimo, calidad del sueño y adherencia a una dieta baja en grasa. Se evaluaron a 240 deportistas (edad: M = 21.1, dt = 4.2). Los resultados mostraron como un 6% presentaron riesgo de dependencia al ejercicio físico. Son más los casos entre las mujeres, menores de 20 años, los que practican más sesiones semanales de entrenamiento y son más experimentados. El riesgo de dependencia al ejercicio físico aparece relacionado con una mayor frecuencia de las sesiones semanales de entrenamiento, alteraciones en el estado de ánimo, problemas de sueño, propensión ansiosa y la menor adherencia a una dieta baja en grasas. Estos resultados muestran indicadores psicológicos y signos del trastorno de dependencia al ejercicio físico evaluables por un psicólogo deportivo para su detección temprana o intervención.
Aspects related with physical exercise dependence in university students Aspectos relacionados con la dependencia al ejercicio físico en estudiantes universitarios Abstract: he aim of the current study was to determine the predominance of symptoms of physical exercise dependence in university students and its relationship with variables such as, dedication to practicing sport, trait anxiety, mood, quality of sleep and adherence to a low fat diet. A total of 240 athletes were evaluated, (age: M = 21.1, SD = 4.2). he results showed that 6% have a risk of exercise dependence and was higher in the following cases: women, students below the age of 20, those who practice more weekly sessions and more sport experienced students. he risk of exercise dependence seems to be related with a higher frequency of weekly training sessions, mood alterations, sleep problems, anxious tendency and lower adherence to a low fat diet. hese results show psychological indicators and signs of exercise dependence disorder that are evaluable by a sport psychologist for an early detection and intervention. Resumen: Es objeto de este estudio determinar la prevalencia de sintoma-tología de dependencia al ejercicio físico en universitarios y su relación con variables como la dedicación a la práctica deportiva, ansiedad rasgo, estado de ánimo, calidad del sueño y adherencia a una dieta baja en grasa. Se evalu-aron a 240 deportistas (edad: M = 21.1, dt = 4.2). Los resultados mostraron como un 6% presentaron riesgo de dependencia al ejercicio físico. Son más los casos entre las mujeres, menores de 20 años, los que practican más se-siones semanales de entrenamiento y son más experimentados. El riesgo de dependencia al ejercicio físico aparece relacionado con una mayor frecuen-cia de las sesiones semanales de entrenamiento, alteraciones en el estado de ánimo, problemas de sueño, propensión ansiosa y la menor adherencia a una dieta baja en grasas. Estos resultados muestran indicadores psicológicos y signos del trastorno de dependencia al ejercicio físico evaluables por un psicólogo deportivo para su detección temprana o intervención. Palabras clave: Adicción al ejercicio, ansiedad, estado de ánimo, sueño, di-eta, prevalencia.
Background: Exercise improves mental health and well-being, reduces depression and anxiety and enhances cognitive functioning. Many studies have tested the effects of a period of exercise on mental health but the present study investigated mental responses to a single bout exercise in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: Twenty-one healthy male participants (age 21.25 ± 1.95 years old; weight 66.44 ± 10.89 kg; height 1.75 ± 0.07 m) agreed to take part in this research. By SCL-90-R questionnaire, the psychological dimensions such as somatization, obsessive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid and psychotics measured before and after a fatigue protocol. The subjective effort level was assessed during exercise by using Borg’s scale for rating of perceived exertion. The protocol continued until the subjects reached a heart rate of 85% HR max or perceived the exercise as very hard on the Borg’s scale. In this research, paired t-test was used for comparison of mental dimensions before and after fatigue protocol. Results and discussions: Findings indicated that fatigue decreased somatization, depression, anxiety and paranoid of subjects. There was no significant difference in obsessive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety and psychotics before and after fatigue protocol. Also, in all factors the global severity index was decreased after fatigue, except interpersonal sensitivity and psychotics factors. Conclusion: The results support that even one bout exercise improves mental health. On the other hand the psychological benefits of exercise are not limited to long-term exercise.
The design of specific methodologies makes it possible to carry out a group of rational procedures with a view to achieving one or several objectives in scientific research, which for the case of educational environment allows the optimization or selection of a more effective and applicable method has determined a phenomenon. Therefore, the objective of the research is to design a methodological strategy for the learning of sports technique in cyclists of route in the ages between the ages of 12-14 years. We studied 32 male initiation cyclists from the Carchi Sports Federation, Tulcán, Republic of Ecuador, who were given a qualitative measurement of the technique from 17 technical performance indicators before and after implementation The methodological proposal with specific exercises. The measurement of the indicators was carried out by 10 specialists selected from an inter-observer reliability index. The application of the proposal for four months determined the existence of significant differences (p=0.000) in the technical performance of the cyclist under study, in favor of the posttest, which proved that the exercises contained in the methodology improved the technical performance in the initiation cyclists.
RESUMEN En Colombia, el fenómeno del desplazamiento forzado ha sido una de las principales causas de la violación de los Derechos Humanos. En este escenario muchos niños y adolescentes han estado expuestos a situaciones con altos niveles de estrés que pudieron provocar la presencia de trastornos mentales. Los trastornos mentales en el país se han convertido en un pro-blema de salud pública; éstos pueden tener implicaciones a nivel individual, familiar, escolar y/o social y pueden generar altos costos en el tratamiento, una disminución del capital social y, también, de la productividad. En el 2010, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) presentó un programa de acción para superar las brechas en salud mental a nivel mundial. Para ello, propuso como área estratégica, la promoción de la salud mental y la pre-vención de los trastornos psíquicos. Estos programas han tenido en cuenta entorno particulares tales como la escuela, el medio laboral y la comunidad, sin embargo, ¿han tenido en cuenta la Actividad Física (AF) como medio para prevención del trastorno mental? El objetivo de esta investigación es indagar sobre los estudios que relacionan la AF con el tratamiento del tras-torno mental y a partir de este punto, indicar líneas de investigación pro-picias para desarrollar trabajos de investigación relacionados con la salud mental y la AF. Palabras clave: actividad física, trastorno mental, tratamiento, bienes-tar psicológico, calidad de vida.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation is as baffling to some as the brain damage itself. Its purpose is unclear to many lay persons and professionals who lack familiarity with treatments for brain damage. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is often conceptualized as cognitive exercises to improve mental functioning after an insult to the brain. While this is true in part, neuropsychological rehabilitation is much more. It is learning, relearning, and compensating for skills in reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, remembering, attending, organizing, executing, or performing daily tasks. And it is much more. Neuropsychological rehabilitation addresses affective and social difficulties. Treatment is necessary when areas in the brain controlling emotions are effected by a brain insult, or during reactions after brain damage.
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