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Reforma do Setor Público em Portugal: Visões e Experiências de Dirigentes de Topo
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... Considerando a enorme importância da governação em rede nas realidades políticas de diversos países, esta vem a ser alvo de um crescente, embora ainda reduzido, interesse acadêmico e político (Sørensen e Torfing, 2007; Klijn e Koppenjan, 2016). Apesar de a realidade portuguesa e a brasileira não serem exceção a essa tendência de reforma de governação, o interesse pelo fenômeno é ainda escasso entre os acadêmicos e políticos de ambos os países (Mota et al., 2016;Mota et al., 2014;Gomes e Secchi, 2015). A pouca atenção a esse fenômeno torna-se, contudo, particularmente problemática quando o recurso a esse modo de governação é frequente, ainda que nem sempre bem-sucedido, ao mesmo tempo que a falta de uma cultura de parceria e negociação entre atores nos mais diversos níveis é apontada como um claro problema para as políticas públicas em ambos os países (Mota et al., 2014;Gomes e Secchi, 2015). ...
... Apesar de a realidade portuguesa e a brasileira não serem exceção a essa tendência de reforma de governação, o interesse pelo fenômeno é ainda escasso entre os acadêmicos e políticos de ambos os países (Mota et al., 2016;Mota et al., 2014;Gomes e Secchi, 2015). A pouca atenção a esse fenômeno torna-se, contudo, particularmente problemática quando o recurso a esse modo de governação é frequente, ainda que nem sempre bem-sucedido, ao mesmo tempo que a falta de uma cultura de parceria e negociação entre atores nos mais diversos níveis é apontada como um claro problema para as políticas públicas em ambos os países (Mota et al., 2014;Gomes e Secchi, 2015). ...
... A temática da articulação entre as redes e as hierarquias é de especial importância em contextos como o português ou o brasileiro, nos quais ainda predomina uma abordagem à governação pública hierarquizante e politizada, que está em linha com a tradição administrativa napoleônica de ambos os países, mas onde se recorre frequentemente a modos de governação colaborativa, dando, assim, origem a falhas diversas (Mota et al., 2014;Gomes e Secchi, 2015). ...
This article aims to present a critical literature review on network public governance, analysing the different typologies of networks, their benefits and challenges, the main theoretical and methodological approaches of their study and the critical factors for their success, particularly within the public governance contexts of Portugal and Brazil. The relevance of this analysis stems from this governance mode being increasingly used in several countries, although still being subject to little academic and political attention, namely in contexts with a hierarchical governance tradition, such as in these two countries. Thus, contributions as this one to understand this phenomenon and to foster its analysis in such contexts are considered essential.
The aim of the article is to comparatively describe and explain consolidation measures and political decision-making processes in 14 European countries. The consolidation measures followed a similar pattern. Hiring and pay freeze occurred almost everywhere, whereas more radical cutback measures were introduced only in a limited number of countries. Cutback decision-making was not a one-off event, but consisted of a series of stages, beginning with temporary and small measures and gradually evolving into more serious cutbacks, sometimes arriving at targeted cuts and political priority-setting. The political decision-making was moderate and gradual rather than drastic and swift. Exceptions to this general pattern were the Baltic states as well as those European countries which received financial assistance on the condition of swift and severe cutbacks. Economic factors and supra-national influences primarily explained the size of consolidation measures, whereas domestic political factors turned out to have limited explanatory power.
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The comparative analysis of fiscal consolidation in 14 European countries showed that the consolidation measures followed a similar pattern. Hiring and pay freeze occurred almost everywhere, whereas more radical cutback measures were introduced only in the later stages of fiscal consolidation. At the beginning of the crisis, the severity and duration of the crisis were denied and the necessity for serious cutbacks was recognized only later. Exceptions to this general pattern were the Baltic States as well as those European countries which were bailed out on condition of swift and severe cutbacks. The article argues that the political will and capacity of governments to take drastic and targeted measures based on political priority-setting is still a serious need.
This article examines the influence of New Public Management ideas on recent changes in the Portuguese central government. Its purpose is to analyze the tendency to make public organizations more autonomous and to decentralize following the example of other countries inspired by the practice of the private sector and New Public Management stressing managerial flexibility. The message it conveys is that changes were primarily guided by values of the public domain, juridicial concerns and the primacy of politics, building a public governance that emphasizes the role of politicians and opens the administrative system to the sociopolitical environment.
Intensified globalizanon, especially the necessity to learn more about how administrative reforms work effectively in different cultural contexts, requires public administration research to embrace comparative perspectives. How well is the field advancing in that direction? This article presents the results of a content analysis of 151 comparative public administration articles from 2000 to 2009. Results indicate that comparative research is building on theory and empirical research, making use of purposive samples, and using a mix of causal, descriptive, and exploratory methodologies. Subject matter varies widely, but most research focuses on European, Asian, and North Amencan countries. Comparative research is primarily qualitative, making extensive use of existing data. The authors recommend enhanced application of mixed methods, increased use of culture as a key concept, and integration of a broad range of social sciences to encourage more students, practitioners, and scholors to think and work comparatively. Three senior comparative scholors respond, sparking a fascinating and insightful dialogue on this seminal topic in public administration.
There is a long history of relationships between the Public and the Civil Society sectors (Pestoff and Brandsen 2010: 223). Their number and scope have nevertheless increased since the early 1980s, particularly due to the “collapse of a consensus concerning the central and dominant role of the State in all areas of welfare provision” (Scott 2007: 308). As a consequence of the increasing development of partnerships between these two sectors that has taken place under the so-called managerial public sector reforms, civil society organizations have taken a significant position within the discourse and the practices of welfare policies (Scott 2007: 308).
This chapter provides a broad look at the Portuguese process of agencification in the last two decades. As with most of the remaining chapters in this book, we cover the basics by describing the administrative landscape, its changes in organizational make-up, the delicate balance between control and autonomy in the ministry-agency relationship, perceptual changes in efficiency and performance measurement in public management, based on a comprehensive survey (COBRA survey of the CRIPO research group) sent to all public-sector organizations under public law with some degree of autonomy (see Chapter 1, Table 1.1). Portugal is undergoing the most pervasive politico-economic crisis in its short democratic history. The administrative mapping conducted in 2007 which served as the basis for the administration of the COBRA survey is already undergoing change.
Public services touch the majority of people in advanced and developing economies on a daily basis: children require schooling, the elderly need personal care and assistance, rubbish needs collecting, water must be safe to drink and the streets need policing. In short, there is practically no area of our lives that isn't touched in some way by public services. As such, knowledge about strategies to improve their performance is central to the good of society. In this book, a group of leading scholars examine some of the most pressing issues in public administration, political science and public policy by undertaking a systematic review of the research literature on public management and the performance of public agencies. It is an important resource for public management researchers, policy-makers and practitioners who wish to understand the state of the field and the challenges that lie ahead.
This book poses two pertinent questions: First, if a European Executive Order is emerging, how can we empirically see it? Second, if a European Executive Order is emerging, how can we explain everyday decision-making processes within it? The goal of this book is twofold: First, it identifies key institutional components of an emergent European Executive Order. The nucleus of this Order is the European Commission. The Commission, however, is increasingly supplemented by a mushrooming parallel administration of EU-level agencies and EU committees. This book provides fresh empirical survey and interview data on the everyday decision-making behaviour, role perceptions, and identities among European civil servants who participate within these institutions. In addition, this book reveals how an emergent European Executive Order profoundly penetrates the domestic branch of executive government. Secondly, this book claims and empirically substantiates that an emergent European Executive Order is a compound executive order balancing a limited set of key decision-making dynamics. One message of this book is that an emergent European Executive Order consists of a compound set of supranational, departmental, epistemic, and intergovernmental decision-making dynamics. Arguably, a compound European Executive Order transforms the inherent Westphalian order to the extent that intergovernmentalism is transcended and supplemented by a multidimensional mix of supranational, departmental, and/or epistemic dynamics. This book also theoretically explores conditions under which these decision-making dynamics gain prevalence. It is argued that the decision-making dynamics evolving within an emergent European Executive Order is conditioned by the formal organization of its composite parts and by the social interaction patterns that emerge among the civil servants. Political processes and political systems can neither be adequately understood nor explained without including the organization dimension(s) of executive orders.
Since the 1980s, a wave of reforms of public management has swept the world. The investigation into the effects of such major transformations has, however, been unbalanced: important countries have received only limited attention. This timely book fills the gap by investigating the dynamics of contemporary public management reform in five European countries that gave shape to the Napoleonic administrative tradition - France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain.
This chapter analyses patronage in contemporary Portugal. First, it provides a precise conceptualization of patronage and, second, bases its assessment on a detailed empirical basis which makes it comparable to the other cases analysed in this book. Third, and related, this chapter further specifies the dependent variable of patronage. The departure point is a neo-institutional one, that the nature of patronage in Portugal is unlikely to remain unaffected by changes in the country's institutional context. As such, it assesses not only the practice of patronage but also its scope, logic, and style, in order to better understand how democratization, the evolving nature of the Portuguese state and bureaucracy, as well as its parties and party system dynamics, have potentially impacted on the nature of patronage in Portugal. © Petr Kopeckỳ, the estate of Petr Mair, and Maria Spirova 2012. All rights reserved.