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IMPACT OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS ON MONOSEX TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) PRODUCTION UNDER POND CONDITION
Abstract
The study was conducted at Reliance Aqua Farm in Rahmatpur, sadar upazila, Mymensingh during July to November 2012 to monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) hatchery ponds with the view to evaluate it's water quality parameters (physico-chemical) for successful production. The samples were collected from Reliance Aqua Farm at Rahmatpur in sadar upazila under Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The experiment was consisted of three treatments having with two replicates. Six ponds were used for the experiment. The area of each pond was 18 decimal and water depth 1.2 m. Each pond was stocked with tilapia at the density of 200 fish per decimal. There were three treatments which are treatment 1 (T 1) , treatment 2 (T 2) and treatment 3 (T 3) respectively. Artificial feed was applied at 20% body weight at 1 st month (up to 30 days) and reduced to 15% at 2 nd month, 10% at 3 rd month and 5% at the last month of the experiment. Water quality parameters such as water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were measured at ten days interval. Parameters were measured by using thermometer, secchi disc, a portable multiparameter (HACH sension TM 156) meter and HACH device (DR-4000), a direct reading spectrophotometer. It was found that most of the water quality parameters were within suitable range among three treatments. There were no significant differences in temperature among three treatments. But in T 2, all the parameters were within desirable level. However, the highest DO was 7.29 mg/l found in T 2. The ammonia content was 0.36 to 1.325 mg/l in T 3 which was higher than T 1 and T 2. The higher ammonia content in T 3 might be due to the decomposition of uneaten feed. The nitrate concentration was observed with null value (0.0 mg/l) in all the cases. From the present study, it could be said that excess feed (uneaten) which produce ammonia was the main problem for tilapia farming. The problem should be addressed from the view point of research and for better production. Finally, it was observed that among three treatments the highest production was recorded in T 2 (40.19±513.53 kg/dec) compared to T 1 (33.69±26.08 kg/dec) and T 3 (36.14±189.56 kg/dec). The study revealed that the application of artificial feeding influenced the water quality parameters and production of fish in tilapia ponds.
... These environmental factors usually govern feed consumption, growth and survival of tilapia fish. It is generally believed that the suitable range of water quality parameters ensures the better management of aquatic organisms as well as the aquatic environment [26]. Profitable Nile tilapia farming requires a regular management of water quality for maintaining a suitable environment and to maximize their production. ...
... Profitable Nile tilapia farming requires a regular management of water quality for maintaining a suitable environment and to maximize their production. In the current study, all the parameters of water quality monitored throughout the experimental period was within an acceptable range for optimum performance of Nile tilapia [26][27][28]. The results of proximate analysis of the diets are shown in Table 3. ...
In Sub-Saharan Africa, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) make up over 80% of aquaculture production. However, the local aquaculture farmers are restricted by the unavailability and expensive cost of formulated rations. To reduce reliance on the scarce and expensive fishmeal used in fish feeds, alternative insect protein has been successfully utilized in many aquafeeds. However, data on the influence of insect-based feed on the growth and economic benefit of feeding tilapia with the emerging insect-based diet are scanty. This study investigated the effect of partially and completely substituting fishmeal with black soldier fly larval meal (BM) on growth and economic
parameters of tilapia. The O. niloticus was fed a standard commercial diet as a control (100% FM;0% BM), BM33 (67% FM; 33% BM), BM67 (33% FM; 67% BM) and BM100 (0% FM; 100% BM) for 20 weeks in randomly assigned cages mounted in an 800 m2 earthen pond. Results from this study showed that diet type significantly (p < 0.05) affected the feed intake of the fish as well as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio and survival rate of O. niloticus did not vary across the different diets. Fish fed Diet1 had a 15% increase in weight when compared to fish fed the control diet. Return oninvestment and the cost–benefit ratio was similar across the diets, suggesting that BM is a suitable and cost-equivalent dietary supplement of FM up to 100% in aquafeed for growing tilapia fish in
earthen ponds for the market.
... Dissolved oxygen is required for all types of cultured organisms except anaerobic bacteria, therefore it is very important to always maintain the value of dissolved oxygen at optimal levels. Research by [25] The dissolved oxygen values obtained varied start from 3.21 to 7.29 mg L-1 with mean 4.56 ± 0.15 and 5.78 ± 0.16 mg L-1. The ammonia range desired for aquaculture is <0.1 mg L-1 [26]. ...
... One of the main obstacles to successfully rear tilapia, besides the availability of sufficient numbers of fingerlings, is water quality. According to Begum et al. (2014), the maintenance of good quality of water is essential for tilapia survival and optimum growth. ...
This research conducted to determine the optimum water current models for growth performance and survival rate of tilapia fingerlings (O. niloticus) in circular tanks. The method used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consists of three treatments and four replications. The treatments are circular tanks without water current (control), circular tanks with 0.1 m s-1 water current and circular tanks that combine 0.1 m s-1 water current with venturi aeration. Tilapia fingerlings were kept in circular tanks with 30 cm diameter and 37 cm of height, with water level of 30 cm. 50 fingerlings with size of 2-3 cm were reared in every circular tank. The feed is given 3 times daily with a feeding rate of 5% from biomass. Absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency were observed every ten days, while water quality was assessed weekly. After 42 days of rearing, the results showed that the 0,1 m s-1 water current combined with venturi aeration had the highest dissolved oxygen level (6.5-7.3 mg L-1), the lowest ammonia levels (0.15-0.20 mg L-1), 92% survival rate, 1.17 g absolute growth rate, 3.65% specific growth rate, 1.3 feed convertion ratio and 77.8% feed efficiency.
A study was conducted to understand the major issues and challenges in organic farming of giant freshwater prawn in Bangladesh from January to November 2005. The feasibility of organic giant freshwater prawn farming, starting from the hatchery to the grow-out phase in existing farming systems was examined against some existing or proposed international standard available for organic aquaculture and suggestions are proposed wherever possible to facilitate compliance. Freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh is mostly carried out with traditional low input and low stocking density, which is near to organic farming. The major issues identified to comply with organic standards were reliance on wild fry and spawners, use of prophylactic agents in hatcheries, use of inorganic fertilizers, use of drugs in disease control, lack of organic feeds and inefficient effluent treatment facility. However, the current culture practices of giant freshwater prawn in Bangladesh can be adapted to comply with organic standards. Therefore, some necessary changes such as domestication of broodstocks, dispense of wild fry, use of organic fertilizers, use of feed consist of less than 20% fishmeal and 25% total protein of organic origin, selection of healthy and disease resistant fry are necessary for current giant freshwater prawn farming to comply with organic standards stipulated by different certification bodies.
To understand how the many environmental factors influence growth, the basic rate functions should never be lost sight of, despite the general simplicity of growth measurements. As far as possible, the individual functions have been introduced in the chapter to provide some explanation of the response to environmental factors, without deviating from the major purpose of examining the recorded trends in the activity of growing. In relation to environmental effects, quite obviously growth cannot be studied without involving food consumption, even though the latter may not necessarily be measured. In this respect, growing—unlike such activities as swimming or respiring—is inseparably coupled with a powerful biotic factor, so that any abiotic factor is necessarily involved in some form of interaction between the two. Growth rate may either increase or decrease depending on the nature of the food × metabolism × temperature relation; on analysis it can be seen that the energy demand of elevated metabolic rate could have exceeded the gain from increased food uptake resulting in reduced growth rate. Furthermore, the act of growing necessarily alters size so that another important biotic factor continually changes with time. An understanding of these inherent involvements is necessary before any clear insight of the environmental relation to the growth process can be achieved.
The study of animal function is organized more or less under three heads, which in everyday language are, as applied to a machine, what it can do, how it works, and what makes it go. Insofar as fields of study can be classified in biology these divisions of the subject are ordinarily considered to be autecology, physiology, and biochemistry, with a great deal of individual taste governing the label any particular worker may choose for himself. The chapter discusses what fish can do in relation to their environment and therefore largely autecology. The chapter focuses on the action of the environment on metabolism and the effects of this action on the activity of the organism.
The effects of different stocking densities of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) on its growth and production in relation to the presence of small self-recruiting species mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) were investigated in modified rice fields after rice harvest at Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Keeping the stocking density of mola fixed at 20 000 ha−1 in each treatment, four densities of freshwater prawn (treatments) were maintained: 10 000, 15 000, 20 000 and 25 000 ha−1 respectively. The rice plots were limed (CaCO3) and fertilized with urea, triple super phosphate and cowdung regularly. The prawns were fed daily with commercial pellets. Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency, pH, total alkalinity, inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite and total ammonia), chlorophyll a and orthophosphate were determined fortnightly. Numerical analysis of plankton communities was performed monthly. All water quality parameters were found to be within the suitable range for freshwater prawn culture, except high temperature, in the peak summer months. There was a homogenous abundance of plankton communities in all treatments throughout the experimental period. Mola started to breed in the second month of the original stocking with partial harvesting after the second month and continued until the final harvest. The total production of mola ranged between 124 and 152 kg ha−1 during the 4-month culture period. The average prawn survival ranged from 49% to 57% without any significant difference among treatments. Freshwater prawn production ranged from 294 to 596 kg ha−1 with significantly higher production in the treatment where 20 000 ha−1 freshwater prawn were stocked. This treatment also resulted in a higher net profit margin (74%), indicating that stocking at a combination of 20 000 ha−1 freshwater prawn and 20 000 ha−1 mola could be the optimum proposition for prawn–mola culture in modified rain-fed rice fields after rice cultivation.
The effects of introduction of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.). in polyculture with major Indian carps and silver carp were studied in fertilized and fed earthen ponds in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Bottom-dwelling common carp were found to exert an influence on the quality and quantity of planktonic food organisms. The presence of common carp significantly increased (P < 0.05) the growth of other carps including the bottom-feeder mrigal. Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). A significantly higher fish yield (P < 0.05) was observed in the fish ponds containing common carp when the combined yields of all species in three treatments were compared.
The present research investigated the effect of stocking density on pond (75 m2, depth 1.2 m) production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) stocked at a fixed 3:1 tilapia:prawn ratio. Three stocking densities were tried in triplicate: 20 000 ha¿1 (treatment TP-20), 30 000 ha¿1 (TP-30) and 40 000 ha¿1 (TP-40). The ponds were provided with bamboo as substrate for periphyton development. Bamboo poles (mean diameter 5.5 cm and 5.0 poles m¿2) were posted vertically into pond bottoms, resulting in 60% additional substrate area in each pond. On average, 43 genera of algae and 17 genera of zooplankton were identified from pond water, whereas 42 genera of algae and six genera of microfauna were attached to bamboo substrates. No differences were observed between treatments in the ash-free dry matter (AFDM), chlorophyll a and phaeophytin a content of periphyton (P>0.05). Survival of tilapia and prawn and individual weight gain of tilapia were lower (P<0.05) in treatment TP-40. The net yields were higher (P<0.05) in treatments TP-30 (2209 and 163 kg ha¿1 105 day¿1 of tilapia and prawn respectively) and TP-40 (2162 and 141 kg ha¿1 of tilapia and prawn respectively) than in treatment TP-20 (1505 and 136 kg ha¿1 of tilapia and prawn respectively). The net tilapia yields were quadratic correlated (R2=0.92) with fish stocking density. The cost¿benefit analysis shows that the net profit margin was highest in treatment TP-30 (69%), followed by TP-20 (50%) and TP-40 (44%).
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