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Karoshi(and(Karou-jisatsu(in(Japan:(causes,(
statistics(and(prevention(mechanisms(
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Behrooz(Asgari(
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Peter(Pickar(and(Victoria(Garay((
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ABSTRACT(
It#has#been# long# known#that#Japan#has#a#penchant#for#work# and# loyalty.#While#hard#work#
and# loyalty# are# generally# a# positive# trait,# there# is# a# fine# line# between# productivity# and#
overwork# which# results# in# negative# side# effects# and# health# issues,# often# leaning# to#
premature# death# or# suicide.# This# effect# has# been# known# in# Japan# as# “karoshi”,# a# word#
meaning#death#due#to# overwork;#or# in#the#case#of#suicide#due#to#overwork,#“karo-jisatsu”.#
This# paper# aims# to# explore# the# surrounding# causes,# background,# current# data# and#
prevention# mechanisms# that# afflict# Japan# and# its# culture# of# “salary-man# sudden# death#
syndrome”.#
(
Keywords:%A$1/"F#5%A$1/JK#"$3"*5%"C+L1/0,%%
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Table(1.(Major#medical#causes#of#death#and#symptoms#in#karoshi%
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Source:%`4,1N/1A5%[31/A,%$+L%W$1/"F#JL,$3F%(1/0%`4,1N/1A%<S,1J[F#+5%7897=%
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CAUSES(
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*"#+H% $% '/021,F,+"#4,% #+L*"31#$M% F,$M3F% ",14#',% NF#'F% N#MM% 31C% 3/% #02/",% /1L,1% #+% 3F,%
N/1A#+H%,+4#1/+0,+3>%TF,%",'/+L%$221/$'F%#"%$%E1/$L,1%4#,N% /(% 3F,%"#3*$3#/+5%NF,1,% N,%
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H/4,1+0,+35%M$E/1%*+#/+"%$+L%,02M/C,1">%
%
Comprehensive,Industrial,Health,Service(
!% '/021,F,+"#4,% #+L*"31#$M% F,$M3F% ",14#',% '1$(3,L% 3/% '/*+3,1% W$1/"F#% N$"% $3% (#1"3%
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3F#"%(*MMC%(M,LH,L%21/H1$05%3F,%H/$M%N$"%3/%"F/N%3F,%#+31#+"#'%'/11,M$3#/+%E,3N,,+%",4,1$M%
F,$M3F%L#",$","%$+L%F/*1"%"2,+3%N/1A#+H%/4,13#0,%$"%N,MM%$"%3F,%21,4,+3#4,%0,$"*1,%3/%E,%
3$A,+%EC%0$+$H,1"%#+%/1L,1%3/%L,$M%N#3F%"*'F%'$","%#+%3F,%0/"3%,((,'3#4,%N$C>%TF,",%(#1"3%
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NF,1,%$%E1/$L,1%2#'3*1,%#"%,+4#"#/+,L>%%
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*2%$+% ,+3#1,MC%+,N% $221/$'F% /(%$'A+/NM,LH#+H% N/1A%#+'#L,+3"5% N$"% ",4,1,MC%F#+L,1,L% EC%
3F,%$M1,$LC%,U#"3#+H%'$","%/(%3F#"%A#+L%/(%N/1A%$+L%M$E/1%21/EM,0"%"3*L#,L%EC%1,2/13"% $+L%
/3F,1%2$2,1">% e+%($'35%3F,1,% N,1,%/+MC%$%F$+L(*M%/(%2$2,1"%3F$3% F$4,%$'3*$MMC%H#4,+% $%'M,$1%
L,(#+#3#/+%/(% F/N% "*LL,+% F,$M3F% L#"/1L,1% '/11,M$3,"% N#3F% 3F,% 4$1#$3#/+% /(% F/*1"% "2,+3%
N/1A#+H%/4,13#0,>%%)1$#+%$+L%F,$13%1,M$3,L%L#"/1L,1"%N,1,% 3$A,+%#+3/%$''/*+3%3/%L,(#+,%$%
0,'F$+#"0% /(% '$*"$M#3C% E,3N,,+% /4,1N/1A% $+L% F,$M3F% 'F$+H,">% TF,% +,U3% "3,2% N/*ML% 3/%
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F,$M3F%L#"/1L,15%$+L%3F*"%$%0/1,%M,H#3#0$3,%0,'F$+#"0%/(%L,3,'3#/+%$+L%21,4,+3#/+%'$+%E,%
",33M,L>%TF,%"*00$1C%/(%1,"*M3"%/E3$#+,L%#"%H#4,+%#+%T$EM,%98%E,M/N>%
(
Table(10.(Onset#of#Brain#and#Heart#Diseases#and#Preventive#Measures%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
[/*1',g%F332gmmNNN>0,L>/1>K2m,+HM#"Fm2L(m788Xq87m8?7q8?Z>2L(%
%
Measures'to'be'taken'by'all'different(players:(
e+%$LL#3#/+%3/%3F,%21,4,+3#4,%0,$"*1,"%"*HH,"3,L%,$1M#,1%(/1%,02M/C,1"5%#+%3F#"%",'3#/+%
N,% N#MM% 21,",+3% 0,$"*1,"% 3/% E,% 3$A,+% EC% $MM% L#((,1,+3% 2M$C,1"% /(% 3F,% 21/EM,0% "*'F% $"%
H/4,1+0,+3% /((#'#$M"5% '/02$+C% 0$+$H,1"5% M$E/1% *+#/+"5% $+L% #+L#4#L*$M% N/1A,1">% % TF,",%
0,$"*1,"%$1,%$%'/0E#+$3#/+%$+L%'/02#M$3#/+%/(%3F,%2$2,1"%NF#'F%1,(,1,+',"%'$+%E,%(/*+L%
$3%3F,%,+L%/(%3F#"%2$2,1>%!"%$%'/+3,U3%(/1%3F,%0,$"*1,"%3F$3%N#MM%E,%H#4,+%M$3,15%N,%F$4,%3/%
*+L,1"3$+L% 3F$3% D$2$+% F$"% $M1,$LC% A+/N+% $% 0#+/1% 1,L*'3#/+% /(% P/((#'#$MQ% N/1A#+H% F/*1"%
(1/0%78X7%F/*1"%#+%9??8%3/%9?_7%F/*1"%#+%9??75%3F#"%N$"%0$#+MC%L*,%3/%3F,%'/MM$2",%/(%3F,%
E*EEM,% ,'/+/0C% L*1#+H% 3F#"% 2,1#/L5% E*3% 3F#"% L#L+V3% C#,ML% 3F,% ,U2,'3,L% 1,L*'3#/+% /(%
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3F,%0#+#0*0%+,,L,L%N/1A(/1',%K*"3%3/%2*3%#3"%F,$L%/*3%/(%3F,%N$3,1%#+%$%"*14#4$M%#+"3#+'3%3/%
"3$C%#+% 3F,% N/1ML% 0$1A,3>%e3% ",,0"% 3F$3% 3F#"%2F#M/"/2FC% #"% "3#MM% '$11#,L%/+%3/% 3F#"% L$C5% $+L%
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'/02,3#3#/+%$+L%31C%3/%,+"*1,%"$0,%N/1A#+H%1*M,"%#+%D$2$+%$"%#+%N,"3,1+%'/*+31#,"5%E*3%3F#"%
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3$EM,%"/0,%"/M*3#/+"%3/%'/*+3,1%/(%3F,%"31,""(*M%N/1A$F/M#'%"/'#,3C%3F$3%D$2$+%F$"%'1,$3,L5%
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A$1/"F#%"',+,>%
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Table(11.%Measures#to#be#taken#by#Government,#Labor#Unions,#Employers#and#Individual#
Employees%
%
[/*1',g%F332gmm+,3#G,+>F30M>UL/0$#+>K2mW$1/"F#>F30M%
(
CONCLUSION(
TF#"%1,2/13%1,4#,N,L%#+'#L,+3"%/(%A$1/"F#%$+L%A$1/JK#"$3"*%$0/+H%3F,%D$2$+,",%N/1A#+H%
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