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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH C OMM UNICATION CENTRE
www.arccj ournals.co m/www.ijarj our nal.c om
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: sengelsarsanjib@gmail.com, mandi.sanjib@bckv.edu.in
1ICARDA – South Asia and China Regional Programme, New Delhi – 11001 2, India.
Agronomic management of lentil under relay cropping system
Sanjib Kumar Mandi*, Md Hasim Reja, Milan Kanti Kundu, Srijani Maji, Rajib Nath,
Sukanta Das and Ashutosh Sarker1
Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, West Bengal, India.
Received: 28-08-2017 Accepted: 27-09-2017 DOI: 10.18805/IJARe.A-4884
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (22.97oN, 88.43oE,
9.75m MSL), Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2014-16 to identify the optimum seed rate and variety for
relay cropping with transplanted long duration kharif rice under changing onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid
down in split plot design with three replications comprising of three lentil varieties (PL6, WBL 77 and NDL 1) in main plot
and four seed rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg ha-1) in sub-plot. The varieties and seed rates significantly affected the plant
population, pods per plant, biological and seed yield. The lentil variety PL 6 recorded highest seed yield (1446.8 kg ha-1)
with the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 followed by WBL 77 and NDL 1. Among the varieties PL6 recorded highest test weight
(27.58 g) followed by NDL 1 (18.36 g) and WBL 77 (16.20 g). The variety PL 6 exhibited highest seed yield which was
mainly attributed by the highest test weight of seeds along with moderate plant population m-2 and number of pods plant-1.
Key words: Lentil, Long duration rice, Relay cropping, Seed rate, Variety.
INTRODUCTION
Pulses are indispensable sources of dietary protein
and contribute to the recycling of atmospheric nitrogen cycle
through the active participation of Rhizobium sp. Among
the winter pulses lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the
most nutritious (25 % protein) grain legume and ranks next
only to chickpea in India. It occupies 1.80 million ha area
with a production of 1.10 million tonnes and productivity of
611 kg ha-1 (FAOSTAT, 2014). The aberrant onset and
withdrawal of monsoon often poses problem in the land
preparation of the winter crops (Parya et al., 2010). In West
Bengal, lentil seeds are often broadcasted (as relay crop) in
the standing crop of rice 15-20 days before harvesting (DBH)
to capitalize residual soil moisture and ensure timely sowing
for optimum germination and skip ping off th e tillage
operations during lentil growing. However, the sowing of
lentil often gets delayed due to weather variability an d
infestation of pest and diseases which lowers the yield. Late
sown lentil faces terminal heat stress and drought during
pod filling stage resultin g in poor yield (Ali et al., 2012).
Under such situation, early maturing cultivars with early
vigour, fast vegetative growth and quick canopy coverage
may be successfully grown as relay crop in standing rice
crop under no tillage condition. This furth er ensur es
conservation of natur al resources, reduction of cost of
cultivation as there is no need of land preparation and other
farm operations. The present experiment was carried out to
identify the optimum seed rate and suitable lentil varieties
for relay cropping with long duration kharif rice (MTU 7029)
under changin g onset and cessation of monsoon.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A field experiment was conducted at District Seed
Farm (‘AB’ Block), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
Kalyani (22.97oN, 88.43oE, 9.75m MSL), Nadia (New
Alluvial Zone), West Bengal, India to study the effect of
vari et ies an d seed rat es on growth , yiel d an d yield
components of lentil under relay cropping with long duration
rice variety (MTU 7029) during 2014 -15 to 2015-16. The
experimental site falls under tropical humid climate and
experiences three distinct seasons- March to May as summer,
June to September as rainy season and October to February
as winter; the summer season is humid and receives rainfall
with thunderstorm occasionally. Generally the monsoon starts
in the area by the second week of June with some natural
variation among different years while the onset may be delayed
up to last
week of June in some years.
The long-term of
which 70 – 80% accounts from the south-west monsoon.
Maximum relative humidity follows a range of ± 80 to ± 90
percent throughout
the year, usually having the higher
extremes during the wet season.
During the experimental
period, the maximum relative humidity varied ranged from
89.6 to 92.9% and 87.9 to 98.1% while minimum relative
humidity ranged from 42.6 to 68.7% and 46.6 to 57.5%
during the experimentation period of 2014-15 and 2015-16
respectively (Table 1 and Table 2). The mean annual
Indian J. Agric. Res., 51 (6)2017 : 536 -542
Print ISSN:0367 -8245 / Online ISSN:0976-058X
Volume 51 Issue 6 (December 2017) 537
Table 1: Meteorological data pertaining to the period of experimentation (July, 2014 to March, 2015)
Month Temperature (°C) Relative humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Bright
Max. Min. Max. Min. sunshine (hour)
July 32.85 26.95 96 83.5 237.1 3.65
August 34.08 26.45 95 77.6 348.2 4.7
September 34.175 25.875 94 77 281.7 6.475
October 33.825 23.5 87.75 69 81.9 7
November 32.08 16.14 80.6 51.8 0 7.32
December 26.525 12 86.25 57.5 0 5.35
January 26.65 11 .6 87.75 58.25 2.5 6.2
February 30 .55 14.7 82 .25 48.5 13 .6 6.45
March 35.6 18.35 80.25 37.25 21.4 9.025
(Source: AICRP on Agro-Meteorology, Directorate of Research, B.C.K.V. Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal)
Table 2: Meteorological data pertaining to the period of experimentation (July, 2015 to March, 2016)
Month Temp erature (°C) Relative humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Bright sunshine (hour)
Max. Min. Max. Min.
July 32.45 26.55 98.25 86 406.4 2.5
August 32.42 26.64 94.80 77.4 252.7 3.9
September 34.075 26.15 95.75 70 205.1 5.7
October 33.675 24 94 62.2 5 42.1 7.675
November 31.3 19 .2 93.4 54.8 0 6.3
December 26.025 14.725 93.75 56 6.6 3.375
January 25.6 11.65 92.75 53.25 3 4.45
February 30.4 17.3 92.25 52.5 15 5.275
March 33 .7 21.15 91 .75 48.5 49.3 7.275
(Source: AICRP on Agro-Meteorology, Directorate of Research, B.C.K.V. Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal)
temperature falls below 20°C in November and continues
till the early part of February. The winter is thus mild and short
in the New Alluvial Zone of
West Bengal.
The experiment
was conducted on a medium land, well-drained Gangetic
alluvial soil (order: Inceptisol), which belonged to the class
of clayey loam with medium fertility and almost neutral in
soil reaction. The experiment was laid down in split plot
design with three replications comprising of three varieties
(V1 = PL6, V2 = WBL 77 and V3 = NDL 1) and four seed
rates (S1= 50 kg ha-1, S2 = 60 kg ha-1, S3 = 70kg ha-1 and S4 =
80 kg ha-1). Lentil varieties were placed in the main-plot
and different seed rates in sub-plot. Rice seedling was
tran sp lanted on 27th and 22nd July in 2014 and 2015
respectively with 80 kg ha-1 Nitrogen, 40 kg ha-1 Phosphorous
and 40 kg ha-1 Potassium. Nitrogen was applied in three split
doses (1/2th at basal, 1/4th at 1st top dressing an d rest at 2nd
top dressing) and full dose of Phosphorous and Potassium
were applied at basal. Harvesting of rice was done on 26th
and 24t h November in 2014 and 2015 respectively, leaving
25cm straw height from the base. Lentil seeds were
broadcasted on 11t h and 9th November in 1st and 2nd year
respectively during rabi (winter) season. The sub-plot size
was 4m × 2m with 1m spacing between replications, 0.6m
between main plots and 0.5m spacing between sub-plots.
Total numbers of plots were 36 in the experiment. Lentil
seeds were broadcasted as per treatment in the transplanted
monsoon rice field before 15 days of r ice harvest after
draining out the excess water. Lentil seeds were soaked
overnight before sowing. Fertilizer doses applied were 20-
40-20 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. P and K
fertilizers were broadcasted during sowing and N fertilizer
was applied after harvesting of rice. Foliar application of
2% urea and 0.1% boron was followed at pre-flowering and
pod development stages. Intercultural operations were done
whenever required. Finally, lentil was harvested on 11th and
7th March in 2015 and 2016 (120 and 119 days after sowing)
respectively, when 80% pod and plants were turned to straw
colour. Five plants from each plot were collected at random
and kept aside during harvest area for recording the data of
yield parameters. After harvesting of the crop, it was kept
under sun for drying and then threshing was done using a
stick. Grain and straw were separated by winnowing. Then
the grain and straw was adjusted at 9% moisture content.
Finally plot wise grain and straw yield were converted into
kg ha-1. Soil was collected before sowing and after harvesting
of crop Table 3). The recorded data were compiled and
tabulated for statistical analysis (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).
Table 3: Soil fertility status of initial and after lentil relay cropping
Fertility status (Pooled) pH Organic carbon Available Available Available
(%) nitrogen (kg ha-1) phosphorus (kg ha-1) potassium (kg ha-1)
Initial 7.3 0.50 184.5 28.63 182.3
Final 7.2 0.53 197.4 32.99 182.6
538 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Fig-1: Number of pods per plant under different treatment combinations in relay lentil
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Plant height: Pooled analysis of two years data revealed
that the variety PL6 exhibited significantly highest mean
plant height (51.1 cm) followed by NDL 1 (Table 4). No
significant variation was observed when seed rate was
considered, though 60 kg ha-1 seed rate gave highest plant
height (51.5 cm) at the time of harvesting. No significant
variation in plant height was observed when interaction
values were considered, but V1S2 treatment exhibited highest
plant height (55.1cm) and V2S3 treatment recorded the lowest
plant height (44.6 cm).
Plant population per square metre: There was significant
difference in plant population among the varieties (Table
4). Lentil variety WBL 77 exhibited highest mean plant
population (203 plants m-2) followed by PL 6 and NDL 1.
Plant population was significantly varied in both the years
(2014-15 and 2015-16) as well as when pooled data were
considered. The trea tment S4 (80 kg ha-1) exhibit ed
significantly highest plant population (214 plants m-2) in both
the years followed by treatment S1 (50 kg ha-1) and S3 (70 kg
ha-1) where plant population was 180 plants m-2. Although
there was no significant variation in plant population among
different treatment combinations in both the years but it was
observed that pooled values varied significantly and V2S4
exhibited highest plant population (255 plants m-2). Ali et
al. (2012) reported that, plant population per m2 of lentil
under relay cropping ranged in 163 to 323.
Number of branches per plant: Number of total branches
at the time of harvesting was more or less similar in both the
years. The variety NDL1 exhibited highest branches plant-1
in both the years (13 and 7) as well as when pooled data
were considered. The variety NDL 1 showed significant
variation with PL 6 and WBL 77. When seed rate was
considered the treatment S3 (70 kg ha-1) recorded highest
branches (10 plant-1). No significant variation was observed
among different seed rates. The V3S1 treatment combination
exhibited highest branches plant-1 (11) followed by V3S3,
V3S4 and V2S3. Higher number of branches plant-1 were
observed in 2014-’15 which might be due to congenial
envir onm en tal conditi on . T her e were no sign ifican t
variations when interaction values were considered.
Number of pods per plant: In pulse crop number of pods
plant-1 is most important determinant of seed yield. Among
the varieties, WBL 77 exhibited highest number of mean
pods per plant (64) followed by PL 6 (60) and NDL1 (54)
when pooled data (Table 4) were considered. The highest
number of pods per plant (75) appeared with the seed rate
of 60 kg ha-1 followed by 58 pods per plant with 70 kg ha-1
seed rate. Significant variation was observed among the mean
values in both the experimental years as well as when pooled
values were considered. The number of pods per plant in
three varieties were in the order of WBL77 > PL6 > NDL1
at 60 kg ha-1 seed rate. The higher number of pods per plant
was observed in the first year as compared to second year
due to better environmental condition during crop growth
stage (Fig. 1). The lower seed rate facilitated better canopy
development and interception of light resulting in higher
number of pods per plant (Ali et al., 2014). However, this
important yield attribute also varied due to genotype and
spacing (Singh et al., 1991).
Seed yield: The variety PL 6 exhibited significantly highest
mean seed yield (1249.8 kg ha-1) followed by WBL 77
(1155.2 kg ha-1). When seed rate was considered, the
treatment S2 (60 kg ha-1) exhibited highest mean seed yield
(1302.2 kg ha-1) followed by S4 (80 kg ha-1) treatment (1194.5
kg ha-1) due to the highest number of pods per plant (Table
5). Significant variation was observed among mean values.
Parveen et al. (2010) observed the similar results. ElNagar
(2002) reported that seeding rates had high positive effect
on plant height, seed yield per ha, harvest index and nitrogen
Volume 51 Issue 6 (December 2017) 539
Table 4: Effect of varieties and seed rates on plant height, population and number of pods per plant of lentil as relay cropping with long duration rice during 2014-16
Treatment Plant height (cm) Pooled Plant population (plants m-2) Pooled No. of pods plants-1 Pooled
2014-15 2015-16 (Harvest) 2014-15 20 15-16 (Harvest) 2014-15 2015-16 (Ha rvest)
Variety (V)
V1 = PL 6 53.4 48.9 51.1 178 178 178 68 51 60
V2 = WBL77 47.7 45.8 46.8 207 198 203 70 58 64
V3 = NDL1 53.2 46.4 49.8 17 7 177 177 59 49 54
S. Em (±) 0.63 1.03 0.61 8.23 7.09 5.43 2.31 1.65 1.44
CD (0.05) 2.48 NS 1.97 NS NS 17.70 NS 6.48 4.68
Seed rate (S)
S1 = 50 kg h a-1 52.0 45.7 48.9 190 171 180 60 51 56
S2 = 60 kg h a-1 53.9 49.0 51.5 169 169 169 88 62 75
S3 = 70 kg h a-1 51.2 45.2 48.2 181 179 180 64 51 58
S4 = 80 kg h a-1 48.8 48.2 48.5 209 218 214 50 47 49
S. Em(±) 2.23 1.63 1.38 7.96 8.30 5.75 3.64 3.08 2.39
CD (0.05) NS NS NS 23 .67 24.67 16.50 10.82 9.14 6.86
Interaction
V1S153.3 48.4 50.8 183 174 179 61 54 57
V1S254.9 55.3 55.1 161 163 162 93 54 74
V1S355.8 45.0 50.4 172 171 172 74 52 63
V1S449.7 46.8 48.2 195 203 199 45 44 45
V2S148.1 44.5 46.3 219 179 199 67 57 62
V2S252.2 47.1 49.7 176 176 176 101 73 87
V2S344.0 45.2 44.6 181 181 181 59 54 56
V2S446.6 46.5 46.6 253 257 255 52 49 51
V3S154.6 44.2 49.4 168 160 164 54 42 48
V3S254.6 44.7 49.7 171 168 170 70 58 64
V3S353.7 45.4 49.6 190 184 187 61 47 54
V3S450.0 51.4 50.7 180 194 187 53 48 51
SXV VXS SXV VXS V X S SXV V XS SXV VXS V X S SXV VXS SXV VX S V X S
S. Em(±) 3.88 3.41 2.83 2.66 2.40 13.79 14.51 14.38 14 .33 9.96 6.31 5.93 5.33 4.90 4.14
CD (0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 28.58 NS NS NS NS 11.86
540 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Table 5: Effect of varieties and seed rates on seed yield, harvest index and test weight of lentil as relay cropping with long duration rice during 2014-16
Treatment Seed yield (kg ha-1) Pooled Harvest Index (% ) Pooled Test Weigh t (g/1000 seeds) Pooled
2014-15 2015-16 2014-15 2015-16 2014-15 2015-16
Variety (V)
V1 = PL 6 1410.13 1089.37 1249.75 35.99 30.71 33.45 26.97 27 .38 27.17
V2 = WBL77 1316.46 993.92 1155.19 31.70 28.46 30.09 15.77 15.72 15.74
V3 = NDL1 1199.11 1076.73 1137.92 25.47 31 .07 28.27 18.27 18.02 18.14
S. Em (±) 32.17 43.3 4 26.99 0.69 0.56 0.45 0.17 0.17 0.12
CD (0.05) 126.30 NS 87.90 2.72 NS 1.45 0.67 0.68 0.40
Seed rate (S)
S1 = 50 kg h a-1 1149.81 1056.97 1103.39 27.04 28.48 27.76 20.21 20.28 20.25
S2 = 60 kg h a-1 1432.15 1172.23 1302.19 32.53 31.81 32.1 7 20.64 20.46 20.55
S3 = 70 kg h a-1 1275.14 972.40 1123.77 33.46 30.02 31.74 20.01 20.08 20.05
S4 = 80 kg h a-1 1377.17 1011.76 1194.46 31.17 30.00 30.59 20.48 20.66 20.57
S. Em(±) 43.55 45.05 31.33 1.07 1.03 0.74 0.35 0.39 0.26
CD (0.05) 129.40 133.84 89.88 3.18 NS 2.13 NS NS NS
Interaction
V1S11277.97 1013.66 1145.81 32.1 5 27.32 29.74 27.48 27.68 27.58
V1S21564.58 1329.00 1446.79 36.83 35 .30 36.07 27.24 27.78 27.51
V1S31271.25 1014.47 1142.86 38.6 7 30.12 34.40 26.00 26.47 26.24
V1S41526.72 1000.35 1263.54 36.29 30 .08 33.19 27.15 27.58 27.37
V2S11045.02 1088.05 1066.53 25.94 28 .87 27.41 15.14 15.14 15.14
V2S21562.50 1127.30 1344.90 36.39 30 .00 33.20 16.10 16.08 16.09
V2S31366.67 884.87 1125.77 35.09 27.72 31.41 15.64 15.44 15.54
V2S41291.67 875.48 1083.57 29.39 27.26 28.33 16.20 16.20 16.20
V3S11126.45 1069.20 1097.82 23.04 29 .25 26.14 18.02 18.02 18.02
V3S21169.37 1060.40 1114.89 24.3 8 30.12 27.25 18.58 17.51 18.04
V3S31187.50 1017.88 1102.69 26.6 2 32.22 29.42 18.39 18.34 18.36
V3S41313.12 1159.45 1236.28 27.83 32 .67 30.25 18.09 18.20 18.15
SXV VXS SXV VX S V X S SXV VXS SXV VX S V X S SXV V XS SXV VX S V X S
S. Em(±) 75.44 72.82 78.02 80.27 54.26 1.86 1.75 1.78 1.64 1.29 0.60 0.55 0.68 0.61 0.45
CD (0.05) 224.13 219.50 NS NS 155.68 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
Volume 51 Issue 6 (December 2017) 541
Fig-2: Seed yield of lentil (kg ha-1) under different treatment combinations in relay cropping
recovery, but had high sign ificant negative effects on the
number of branches per plant, dry matter per plant, number
of pods per plant, test weight, protein content and phosphorus
percentage.
Th e vari et y PL 6 (1446.8 kg ha-1) recorded
significantly the highest seed yield followed by WBL 77
(1344.9 kg ha-1) both under 60 kg ha-1 seed rate (Table 5).
However, the variety NDL1 recorded maximum seed yield
of 1236.3 kg ha-1 under 80 kg ha-1 of seed rate. Significant
variations were observed among mean values under different
treatment combination. Though WBL 77 recorded highest
biological yield and number of pods per plant, medium to
bold seeded PL 6 recorded the highest seed yield due to
higher mean test weight. Materne et al. (2009) reported that
significant interaction between genotype and agronomic
manipulation determined yield. Ayaz (2001) reported that,
positive, linear and significant relationship between seed
yield and total dry matter of gr ain legumes.
It is interesting to note that the lentil crop gave
higher yield irrespective of varieties and seed rate when relay
cropped with long duration rice. The higher seed yield was
recorded in the first year as compared to the second year
(Fig. 2). This was probably due to the rainfall received during
end of October which provided favourable soil moisture
regime after long duration r ice and facili ta ted better
germination and crop stand of lentil.
Biological Yield: The highest mean biological yield (4129.0
kg ha-1) was observed in the variety NDL1 followed by the
variety WBL77 that yielded 3814.5 kg ha-1. No significant
variation was observed when pooled data were considered
but the biological yield was significantly varied in the first
year. In case of seed rate variations, highest mean biological
yield (4066.1 kg ha-1) was observed with the seed rate of 60
kg ha-1 followed by 4043.3 kg ha-1 under 50 kg ha-1seed rate.
Significant variations were observed among the differ ent
seed rates when pooled data were considered. Parveen et al.
(2010) reported that seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 gave the highest
straw yield (2.98 t ha-1) and the highest biological yield (4.41
t ha-1).
The variety NDL 1 exhibited highest biological
yield (4350.5 kg ha-1) under 50 kg ha-1 seed rate followed by
the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 (4175.3 kg ha-1). No significant
variat ions were obser ved amon g differ ent treatment
combinations in both the experimental years. The lowest
biological yield (3328.2 kg ha-1) was observed with the seed
rate of 70 kg ha-1 when the variety PL 6 was considered.
Harvest index: The result showed that PL 6 exhibited highest
harvest index (33.5 %) followed by WBL 77 (30.1 %) when
pooled values were considered (Table 5). Sign ifica nt
variation was observed among mean values. The seed rate
of 60 kg ha-1 recorded highest (32.2 %) har vest index
followed by the treatment S3 (31.7 %). The lowest harvest
index was observed (27.8 %) with the seed rate of 50 kg ha-1.
Significant variation was observed among mean values under
different seed rates. The variety PL 6 recorded highest harvest
index (36.1 %) under 60 kg ha-1 of seed rate followed by the
same variety (34.4 %) under 70 kg ha-1 of seed rate. The
variety WBL 77 gave h ighest harvest index (33.2 %) under
60 kg ha-1 of seed rate. NDL 1 exhibited highest harvest
index (30.3 %) under 80 kg ha-1 seed rate. The mean values
did not varied significantly among themselves under different
treatment combinations.
Test weight: The result showed that the variety PL 6 recorded
significantly highest test weight (27.2 g) followed by NDL
1 (18.1 g) in both the experimental years as well as when
pooled data were considered (Table 5). The mean values of
test weight did not vary significantly under different seed
rates; however, highest test weight was observed with the
542 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
seed rate of 80 kg ha-1 followed by the treatment S2 (20.6 g).
The mean values of test weight did not vary significantly
under different treatment combination. However, the variety
PL 6 exhibited highest test weight (26.2 to 27.6 g) under all
the seed rates due to its medium bold seed character. The
variety NDL 1 exhibited second best test weight (18.0 to
18.4 g) followed by WBL 77 (15.1 to 16.2 g).
CONCLUSION
The variet y and seed rate showed significa nt
influence on population, pods per plant, biological yield and
seed yield (kg ha-1) of lentil when relay cropped after long
duration rice. Under West Bengal condition, the lentil variety
PL 6 performed best at 60 kg ha-1 of seed rate followed by
variety WBL 77 and NDL 1.
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www.fao.org/faostat/en/# data/QC
